Science 10 Mr. Francis 8.1 – CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
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Transcript of Science 10 Mr. Francis 8.1 – CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
A WARMUP ACTIVITY…• Using the information in tables 1 and 2 on page 203, classify each compound below as
an acid, base, or salt based on its properties:
• HCl: reacts with metals, turns litmus paper red
• KBr: conducts electrical current, chemical indicators do not change color
• NH3: turns methyl red indicator yellow
• NaNO3: does not react with metals; conducts electric current; phenolphtalein indicator remains colorless
• HNO3: turns indigo carmine from yellow to blue
8.1 – THE KEY CONCEPT• Compounds that have a high percentage of carbon by mass are classified as organic
compounds, otherwise they are considered to be inorganic compounds
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Inorganic compounds can be molecular or ionic based on the type of bonds that hold the
components (elements) together
• Inorganic ionic compounds can be classified as acids, bases, or salts depending on their properties
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Inorganic compounds can be classified as either molecular (a few) or ionic (most)
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Inorganic molecular compounds can be classified as either acids, bases, or salts
• Salts are substances that release positive and negative ions other than H+ and OH- in solution
• For example sodium chloride, NaCl
• Acids are substances that release H+ ions in solution
• Bases are substances that release OH- ions in solution
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Acids have the following properties:
• Sour taste
• Conduct an electrical current
• Causes chemical indicators to change colour
• Reacts with some metals to produce hydrogen gas (H2)
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Bases have the following properties:
• Slippery feeling, bitter taste
• Conducts an electric current
• Causes chemical indicators to change colour
• Does not react with acids to create hydrogen gas
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Salts have the following properties
• Salty taste
• No effect on chemical indicators
• Does not react with metals to make hydrogen gas
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Some common indicators are
• Methyl Red
• Bromothymol Blue
• Phenolphtalein
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Acidity is the measure of the relative amounts of H+ and OH- in a solution and is often
measured on a pH scale
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• Pure water is always neutral (pH 7 ) and has equal H+ and OH- ions
• Acids have a greater number of H+ ions
• The more H+ ions, the more acidic the solution
• The more OH- ions, the more basic (or alkali) the solution
• Adding salt does not change the pH because it doesn’t change the amount of H+ and OH -
ions
CLASSIFYING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS• The pH scale uses a logarithmic scale – each whole number is 10 times greater than the
number before
• pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5
• pH 3 is 100 times more acidic than pH 5
• Some common acids are hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), and sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
NAMING SALTS• To name salts, you use your ionic naming rules
• Salts always contain positive (metal) and negative (non-metal) ions