Sci5#59 Review Unit 5 and Unit 7 and End of Course Assessment of Unit 5 and Unit 7.
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Transcript of Sci5#59 Review Unit 5 and Unit 7 and End of Course Assessment of Unit 5 and Unit 7.
Sci5#59 Review Unit 5 and Unit 7 and End of Course
Assessment of Unit 5 and Unit 7
In this unit we learned that some living things are unicellular and some are multicellular.
An amoeba is a unicellular organism. This one and only cell
can perform all the life functions.
The amoeba can carry out eating, digestion, locomotion, breathing and removal of waste all in one
single cell.
Multicellular organismsare organisms that consist of more than one cell and have differentiated cells that perform specialized functions in the organism.
Many organisms, including humans, are multicellular.
We learned that all unicellular
organisms must be small, so the
organism’s surface area is greater
than or equal to the organism’s volume. This allows the
organism to ventilate.
In complex multicellular organisms, only the surface cells that are in contact with the external environment are able to exchange substances with it.
We learned that cells within a multicellular organism, such as an elephant, can not ventilate. They are too far away from the surface to get oxygen or release carbon
dioxide.
We learned that larger multicellular organisms need transport systems to meet the
needs of all cells in the body.
Multicellular organisms have division of labor which means cells
specialize in certain functions. Cells do
not do all the functions of the
body. They only do a certain function.
All unicellular organisms must
be small. Larger organisms must be multicellular so the organism
can survive.
We learned that the circulatory system is
a system that helps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, blood cells, etc. to and from
cells in the body to nourish them and help
them to survive.
We learned the circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels,
including arteries, veins, and capillaries.
We learned that the respiratory system
allows much needed oxygen in the air to be taken
into the body, while also enabling the body to get rid of
carbon dioxide from the body into
the air the body breathes out. lungs
Respiration is when the body exchanges the
oxygen it takes in for the carbon dioxide it
needs to get rid of.
All of this breathing couldn't happen
without the respiratory
system, which includes the nose, throat,
voice box, windpipe, and
lungs.
These two systems work well together.
The respiratory
system brings the air into the body and releases carbon
dioxide from the body.
And the circulatory
system transports the oxygen to the cells
and the carbon
dioxide to the lungs to
be released.
A Skeletal system is
made up of the bones
of the body.
Every single person has a
skeleton made up of many bones.
These bones give your body
structure, let you move in many
ways, protect your internal organs,
and more.
A Muscular System is made up of the muscles of the body.
Muscles do everything from pumping blood throughout your body to helping
you lift your heavy backpack.
Muscles are all made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue
(sort of like the material in a rubber band). Thousands, or even tens of thousands, of small fibers
make up each muscle.
The skeletal
system and the
muscular system work
together.
Together, the skeletal muscles work with your bones to give your body power and strength. In
most cases, a skeletal muscle is attached to one end of a bone. It stretches all the way across a joint
(the place where two bones meet) and then attaches
again to another bone
Skeletal muscles are held to the bones with the
help of tendons. Tendons are cords
made of tough tissue, and they work as special
connector pieces between bone and
muscle.
The digestive system is
responsible for taking the
food we eat and breaking
it down to parts that can be used by the
cells of the body.
The digestive system includes
the mouth, esophagus,
liver, stomach, gall bladder,
pancreas, small intestines,
large intestines and the rectum.
The nervous system is in
charge of sending out messages
throughout the body. The
nervous system is comprised of
two parts.
The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal
cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of
many nerves spread across the
body.
The brain is the boss of the body. The brain is the most complicated organ of our body. It has three
major parts. The cerebrum, the brain stem and the cerebellum.
It's the spinal cord and nerves — known as the nervous system —
that let messages flow back and forth between the brain
and body.
Some of the nerves receive
information and some carry
information from the brain to the
body.
Genes are units inside a cell that control how living organisms
inherit features from their ancestors; for example, children
usually look like their parents because they have inherited their
parents' genes.
Genes determine whether or not you possess certain physical traits.
Organisms tend to have traits similar to their parents through
genetics.
Some traits are part of an organism's physical appearance;
such as a person's eye-color, height or weight.
Other sorts of traits are not easily seen and include blood types or
resistance to diseases.
These traits can be quite varied from individual to individual within a
population.
The life processes and species characteristics that define a
population will be transmitted from parent to offspring.
A population of organisms evolves when an inherited trait becomes more common or less common
over time.
Some traits give an organism advantage in survival and reproduction.
Inherited traits are those passed down by your parents and are
found in your genes.
Inherited traits include things like a big nose, little feet and hair
color.
Acquired traits are not passed down through genes. They are traits that are “acquired” since
birth.
Scars, pierced ears, length of hair and loss
of limbs are all examples of
acquired traits.
Riding a bike is an acquired trait because you are not born knowing how to ride a bike. You must learn
how to do it.
We have alleles from our parents
for all our inherited traits.
We inherit alleles for
height, body shape, freckles,
hair and eye color and many more things.
Some of the alleles you receive from your parents are dominant
alleles. Dominant alleles will always be present in the offspring.
Some of the alleles you receive from your parents will be recessive alleles. A recessive trait will only
be present if you inherit a recessive allele from both your
mother and a your father.
You may notice that in families not all siblings
look alike. This is because each
sibling is a different
combination of the genetic alleles
inherited from their parents.
Today you are going to take a test on the information you learned in Unit 5: Introduction of Living Organisms and Unit 7:
Introduction to Evolution and Genetics.
I will read through all the questions for you. After I finish
reading through the questions take your time and go through and answer all the
questions.
1. Match the definitions of cellular organisms.A. multicellular organismsB. unicellular organisms
________ Organisms which perform all life processes within a single cell.
_________ Organisms which have differentiated cells that perform specialized functions
Circle the correct answers 2. Human organisms are:
A. multicellular organismsB. unicellular organisms
3. In complex multicellular organisms which cells are able to exchange substances?
A. only the surface cellsB. only cells within the organism
4. Match the correct definition with the correct system of the body.
a. Circulatory Systemb. Digestive Systemc. Respiratory Systemd. Nervous Systeme. Skeletal Systemf. Muscular System
Place the letter of the correct system next to the clue on the next slide.
CLUES:____1. System made up of organs and tissues that help you breathe.____2. System that transports messages back and forth to the body.____3. System made up of the bones____4. System that transports materials
throughout the entire body.____5. System made up of the organs used to help us digest our food.____6. System made up of muscles.
5. Why did multicellular organisms develop transport systems?
a) because surface cells that are in contact with the external environment are able to exchange substances with it.
b) because cells within the organism are too far away from the environment for direct exchange.
6. Each system of the body performs a special life process function and that the systems work together to maintain health and fitness.
True False
7. What is transmitted from parent to offspring?
A. life processes and species characteristics
B. life skills and learned survival techniques
8. Characteristics cover a broad range of structures, functions and behaviors that can vary substantially from individual to individual.
True False
9. Match the traits.
A. inherited traits
B. Acquired traits
__________ear piercings
__________riding a bike
__________freckles
__________widow’s peak
10.What must take place for an offspring to inherit a recessive gene?
A. The offspring must carry a recessive allele from the mother but does not have to carry one from the father.
B. The offspring must have the correct amount of protein built up in their body.
C. The offspring must carry a recessive allele from both its mother and father for the gene
In our next lesson we will review Unit 6: Ecosystems
and complete an assessment for both units.
Good Job Today!
And remember to….
See you next time!