Integrating Chemistry into SCI 210 The Dynamic Earth Andrea Koziol, Dept. of Geology.
SCI 111: Introduction to Physics and Chemistry Chapter 1 What Is Science?
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Transcript of SCI 111: Introduction to Physics and Chemistry Chapter 1 What Is Science?
SCI 111: Introduction to Physics and Chemistry
Chapter 1What Is Science?
How would you describe this baseball to someone over the phone?
Properties.
Quantifying Properties (aka Measurements)
Measurement is a Process(3 steps)
1. “Comparing”
2. “Procedure”
3. “Counting”
Measurement always contains: • Number (How Much?)• Name (Of What?).
Nature of Science
• Collecting observations• Developing explanations• Testing explanations
Scientific Method / Scientific Investigation
3 General Scientific Activities
“Understanding thru experimental evidence”.
Nature of Science
• “Tentative” explanation about a phenomenon Thought-derived or experiment-derived An “Educated Guess” compatible with the data Provides framework for understanding or describing it
• Tested by Experiments / Controlled Experiments Support: “Re-creation” of an event or occurrence ; “Reproducible”
• Could lead to a Theory or Scientific Law
Hypothesis
Nature of Science
• Broad working hypothesis
• Based on extensive experimental evidence
• Tells you “Why” something happens.
Theory
Fig 1.16
Alfred Wegener(1880-1930)
Nature of Science
• Wider-ranging phenomena• Can be expressed as:
Scientific Law Scientific Principle• Helps explain a more narrow range • More specific set of relationships.
• Both help explain relationships that occur in nature consistently time after time• Describe how objects behave or act
Fig 1.14
Nature of Science
• Description of a theory or idea that accounts for all known properties
• Helps us understand something that cannot always be directly observed
• Examples: Physical Mental (Conceptual) An Equation.
Model
Fig 1.15
Equations and Symbols
Equations • Mathematical relationships between properties• Used to:
Describe a property Define a concept Describe how quantities change relative to each other
Symbols• Represent specific quantities or measured properties• Shorthand for a message (e.g. Δ - a change in).
Understandings of Measurements
Measurement Systems
3 Fundamental Properties (Standard Units)(most basic “Of What?” terms)
Metric Systems (SI)
centimeter [cm]
gram [g]
LENGTH
MASS
TIME
meter [m]
mks cgs
kilogram [kg]
second [s] second [s]
p 5
Measurement SystemsOther properties are “derived” from the
Fundamental Properties
Fig 1.6
Fig 1.8
The extentThe extentof a surfaceof a surface
How much space How much space something occupiessomething occupies
Mass Density (ρ)• “Compactness of matter” • Ratio of mass to volume• Characteristic of a given
material
Table 1.4
• Represent larger or smaller amounts by factor of 10
• A “Simplification”• A movie giving a perspective
on powers of ten.
Fig 1.7
Metric Prefixes
Metric PrefixesTable 1.3 and in the front of textbook
Important ones toremember / know:
mega-kilo-
centi-milli-micro-
Understandings from Measurements• Mathematical Review (Appendix A)
Solving Equations Conversion of Units Scientific Notation
• How to Solve Problems Steps to success ; Not steps to memorize As you work problems, refer to this methodology.
Next Time
Begin Chapter 2: Motion