The
tol
which
images in
Bound with
la
appear
within
the
text.
Whenever
possible,
these
ajouttes
lors
d'une
Only edition
errata
Ce document
the
par le premier
le
second
autres exempiaires
une telle
dernlAre image de cheque
prenant
le
nombre
M AT
I^IT,
rci|uiiin>;
heioi;
prospects
of
i:
M
his wishes in
future ])rospects
to
undertake
them.
The
parts
of
siiros,
lirlicvt'il,
abroad, whose works
dilforont parts in
forms of expression
I'oason
to
a
heated
imagination
at
all,
as
the
government,
and
to
;
to the
In
human mind
comparative
views
state
given to these studies his days and nights,
when, without this motive
has
been
the
inelVable
delights
that
attend
the
hope
of
knowledge,
and
in
almost
every
springs of
peculiarly
intimate
relations
(having married a
highly educated hid\-.
ium
beast
the
through
letter.s,
arts,
and
Christianity.
1
The
tribes who occupy
^lountains.
of
the
frontiers.
This
the
peculiar
relation
of
a
mixed
of a paternal
cllificnt
ciiie
Its
acknowleduo
to
the
how
and
arrow,
the
cliaracter
of
the
helievod,
the
.sooner
in
his
notions
approves himself to the
or
truth
high
civilization
and
170
Man
250
Trespass 3.^8
55.
Vision
of
Catherine
Wabose
y.lO
Michigan
40()
58.
125
Orioix
10
respecting
them
—
Typo?
an
Peuiod
54
cxteiisivo Fields
on
H.'t
1
C
lliiHin
uf
Opeiiitimis
in
AikiiiiHim
Drift
J).
E.xisTi.Mi
Gkolouical
lOti
E.
of
Popvlatidn
preserving its
are to
what may lie
iiiC(jiigruous (iction; which sounds, to ears of sober truth, like
attempts
at
weaving
a
the
mind
by
extraordinary
simplicity,
of
Indian
elixiuence
lll.STUllY.
are recalled from iHiildinj^
a
stare
laki's;'
allegory, theri
human race,
possessing of
history, ancient
only
guide.
This
the
continent.
years of the foundation
enterjirise.
a
.M)il,
which
thunder-clap.
that the
lOth
century.
.*
jjroper
place.
G.
As
a
race,
Ijuilders
I'niverse. which inhabits
tliey
step
him in every cloud;
but half tiieir capacity' of stout Ijelief The Indian god
of
North
Ame-
a malign and a benign type of him;
and
there
subordinate
spirits
attend
lioth.
to
twinkling,
tran,;i'orm
men
suspicion, and para-
to
sutler,
with
the
Indian,
is
to
call
into
requisition
in
under
among them.
Sanconiiithus and the
are
M
f\
i
i
ii
iiiicii'iit.
Their
of hooks,
that
for many
the
To
.separate
tradition
from
se|)arate
light from darivuess. The overllow of waters the earth lia\ ing been nar-
rated,
as an epoch
and
horrors.
lor one
s|)oiled for
the geological warfare
Alginuiuin
Indians
indeed
and
that
man
this epoch
of monstrosities,
in oajli
about the end
of
the
time, the
o the Wooden
19
C.
JU
A
wiiidi
we
tradition
that he dei)arted
the
originated
in
of Botturini.'
a
temple
surmounted
her
feet
drawn
backwards,
figure
urge
took
place
A.
D.
1038.
in
each
passing
down
were so large,
the
'History
I
1
.1
C.uks,
period ol' tlieir
sevon haiiils,
tlio
ori;;in
of
tlu'
Sjianisli
conquerors.
jiowers
of
resistance.
S.
emfjire
that
those
and .Vmerica
at the
gi'oup,
wiiero
we
should
expect
tiie
.Mongolic
and
Tata
hordes
ami which
construction,
noticed
In'
 l.
not
the
a
new
iioint
to be
f
t
.'g
1848.
to
withhold
I'rom
the
reader.
10.
chain
wliich grow-
ing (|uito
strong—of evidence which for years I have been seeking, in
the
confirma-
and about which you
early
ages.
strongly
IIISTUUY.
m
to fit
he
has
a
grt'en
iirantdi
thick
three
or
four
miles
tiieir little lleets
winds
little slats
of wood;—
for
jmttit'd up
with clay.
vessels
to
as to
be;
into
to do
the island of
his
raft, or more substantial vessel. There was this current to bear
him
a
day.
and
by
weak, it would have borne him into the region of
westerly winds,
the aid of the current, would finally waft liim over
to
the
southern
to the
other islands,
man with his rude
atti'mjiting
voyages.
11.
Arctic Circle to
traditions are.
the\- shed
'I'hey
eastern
hemispheri'
has
Iteeu
found
the race.
Inuuan
dispersion,
Persia, India,
nations.
Half
of
a
supremo
the
wl'ole
opinion.s,
theology,
and
mental
variety of
 i i.
Mciitiil tvpo
cstfiblisli Jiii' tlic luilian niiml
and
cliaractcr
ii
tviic
,i;r(in|).
a
attention. iMore
\inilicate claims
art or science,
I'l'isia. . \Iesopot
amoiin- tlu>
that
empire.
(Taeitiis.
\'ol.
III.,
p.
24'J.)
th(>
.supreme
Peruvian and
was
human sacrillces, iind
an original
one of
tlu' leading
ahsorbi'd
tlic Now
II. Morgan,
on
i)rinciples
denoted.'
our latitudes
is
is
one
hundred
and
that it
necessarily
cnunected
replied,
with the
(irst
lie
thoiiiiht
e\eii, it
respects, to
arc denoted by
Miit
no
triico
III'
uiiiciiM,
niotiimM, tluir iflativi' iMi.'-itiiin to llic luui
and
tlu'
rcli'stia
Mtariy
lanfiiia;^i's. and
of
Mdiiilois,
or
he
the
sti'oiiucst
^inunid
liieir pi'iests
th((
at
frenerally
.some
doctrine.
systems of rtdiirious
tioes of these
that
hy
ancient
older than
wcirks. This
ill a
sustaining this theory
life
as
tiiey seek
dropped.
I'ytiiagoras.
the
prime
<'lenieiits
of
Indus,
tins
Tigris
and
Euphrates,
the
heing
of
a
an
antago-
him.
Thus
the
elements,
of the soul through a wandering series of existences, human
and
brutal.
it
comparison there, are
hy
these
are
ideas
in
the
the soul,
the
of
tjieir
earlie.st
ul)served
traits.'
J)e
15ry
mentions
a
feast
to
in
his
hands.
him. lie
had
vanished,
and
transformed
27. It
cvi.
28.)
There
;
at a
to place this
type.
The
trilies
of
the early diseovorors, embrace much of that generic type, both
in
the
Indianos. All
him in this
coal-Idack hair,
Walter Kaleigh,
the
same
general
physiology.
They
have
reiiroduced
themselves,
coflin-shapcil
face,
produced
lineament,
anil
minute
corpuscular
organization,
than
kin<l
is
the
moons
be
to show
the ]iiTiii:iinMic-y
primary
iiairy
tissue,
or
\vo..l,
nf
ilic
with
scienlilie
and
philo.sophical
care,
(liese
experiments
was
tho
the calendar
the Spaniard.*
to their year,
the
memories
of
their
ancestors,
in
the
in a
jieculiar inaiiiicr.
had a
euou;ih
to
orLiauize
cvidi
of
attest tlu'
jreneral
tiiooiT
to
.m.
the discovery
for any
or
murderers.
to (Jortez, tliero was
to
type
of
Dias;
a
who
(say
barbarity which their
eke out
a i)recarious
There
was.
in
the
Alleghanies,
oliserved
to
have
of
tiiat
magnilicent
thus becoming
groups
in
C
cannot
hesitate
tribes
having
considerable
power.
The
which are
Dr. Troost
under Colonel Moore,
territories ot' the
the
There
is
a
strong
of the work to be
adopted,
was
entrances.
VI.
j)age
l(i
I.
i
xi
mpUfml.
works.
by
jiole. and
spot
lixed
places
of
visilile idols,
carvi'd out
now been
have
and
unknown
age
of
the
continent,
mai/e, we
ap[iear also,
as
bad
a
and
te deiiins. It was no (k'secration of
the
oliject,
Scioto
Dr. Davis,
in his
heaped up,
the
numbers of
volume
of
the
not
the
for their
of
exehangi>,
]H'riiaps,
in
the
West
and
South,
which differ
wholly in
the fiekl
III. Iiilliuiicc
-
AVliAi
in'Diiortidii
(if
tlic
ii.s
('alliiii;'
ol'
Uoeky and
may
he
supposed
to
he
the
former
tlie
some
remarks
of the /eii inai/.e,
t_\
heJnd;:tMl
had nnderj;(>iie j;reat
icachiiiL; it.
or exca\
ol' wliieli liiere \h
The
arc.
by
'.'
in most of the other anticpiarian cnrtli-works, or remains hnmaii
lalmrs
as
ture. wliicli is
hy liiese evidences
I,ake .Michigan. Similar
rcclamrnlar
anil
mode of lliinialion indicates two species of cnitnre. The first
consists
.siau'ccs of the
ellurt
of
ijic
FiviK'h
could
1111
aLii'icu
I'liHi.
Iia\
e
.l.ahh
iinM'i'eued
Tliis
stiiiu',
wliii'li
lilor
nf
.jyi'iiito
.//'/.
<>r
r:irlv
a^Mimifd
(laic of
  )(»;;,
I'tlS.
Curtcz
I'ollowcd
not
till
hy
Canada did
eiijirr
of
and
De
S)to
came
to
and trade, and to finil treasures
in
the
untilli'd
forests.
furnishinj;' articles
of
Indiana
and
.Michi,i;au
Icadiufr
source
of
easv
commerce
an earlier period
the
norlhei-n
triltes,
so\ithern sliorcs
generic stock
of the
AI;ron(|uins,
None of the esu'ly writers speak of,
or allndi'
horticultural
In'ds,
under
the
sixteenth
century.
ori;;iii,
if
we
conline
our
more roiusonahle
to iittnlnite
 
Ininter.s.
Are
not
found in plainer
some extent,
been very
causes
tribes
who
cultivated
corn,
and
lived
in
Indian
race,
who
named
planting
of
to
a
of females, while the
just
what
their
forefathers
of
the
zea
maize,
so
also
of
arts which existed jmrl 2'>assu
with the
all relied upon it
result
which
the
pheno-
Ocean.
The
Indian
tribes
of
the
United
States,
who
formerly
inhabited
no
traces
of
either,
till
he
passed
California
mound of ordinary
race
; namely,
their
Eeligiox,
various
planets
stood
as
types
of
ci
is very
in
the
shape
united hand-labor
of many,
devoted to
indeed,
in
the
the ancestors
or Indian
of
the
state of
of Indiana
in this
in all its bearings.
f sand, without
deliberation,
building
still
more
extensive
to
have
on
where
is most I'casonable
before
the}'
would
^le of this
migrated.
Deity
to
to
which are the
Alleghanies.
widest ancient
simi)ly
fjund by
and jiractices
were
appear to
be few,
as the
chief points
tribes of northern and
the
traditions
the
intruding
.
in
interesting branch of
features
are
those
arising
from
the
ui)heaval
ol'
extra-
ordinary
elFects
of
lake
action,
to
that
part
of
the
shores,
this
more striking. The
incix ased
the country
an air
of arid
the surface ;
times, by a
the
incipient
oi' Saint Mary,
been in the
hands of the Algonquin tribes : at least, those tribes were found here at
the opening
whicii
antiquities
begin
this general
over
lake and jirairie, and
to
extend
the shores of
Lake Superior, and
of'
Un'
shaped pi'udants.
country
It
mny
be
necessary,
perhaps,
the
that
first consists of
deposit of
d('|itii,
the French;
of
fjake
Krie,
which
a.s aince
This
of
a
people
bility
war-club,
must
In-
the
valley
perhaps,
the
reci'iit
discovi-ries
pi\)l)ably
of one
northern
i: also probable.
of
a
local
juirsiiit
do not, when
for
him
to
custom
the North American coasts
II.
in
the
wilderness,
in
a
stat(>
meat-sacrihcc tiiat
Herodotus
ilocs
not
o/t-ini-ijim,
or
is
tiie instrument, as well
a
or altar, containing innumerable
sjieciinens of ancient stone
of these specimens
of them being
a comparatively
sup[)osing it
uy
pipe
had obtained it
blowing
the
bones
of
a
human
small
akcclis,
the
thigh-bones
of
the
skeleton,
but
the
tiuit tlie soil
the
small
were in
far the
10, Kij^uivs
.Mr.
Tomlinson,
of
by
upper iaiii's.
that at
eiiat)le an
practical reasons
I'raclion; its
this
lieeii
reipiired
jiir
an
adult.
Wo
[lossess
a
rcjilied
hy
the
females.
1
are
known
of \'irginia in 1GS8.
an
indrawiu'i;
stroke.
 
we
1
:t.
Plate
17,
and
of specimens de})osited in
the
was
killing
of
animals.
The
instrument,
the bow
of
the
the
in .some old
ill-own.
Tiie
wliile. I'lire Mint
is
lielieved,
among
the
waiH'iuIj
at
mucji
in
liii'
manner
of
the
South
Chilis exhibited
ceremonial exhibitions, are
partake decidedly of
a symbolical character.
in
of
a
gun
sions, is
is
in
the
country,
descriptions,
accompanied
by
of
in
IMate
and
the
the }ear
tiie olivcdeaf;
his
ovate
medal
of
the
same
to w io.,f
is
i
III
Massacliiisetts. and
dtlier parts dl' New Imi;.;IiiiiiI, enllivatcd Indiiin (din. It was their
.'^laple piiidiicl.
cil
it.
—
(ir
Ndriiiau's
Kill
\'alley,
Alhany
Cduiity,
N.
Y.
way.
The
hurtheii
tenipi'ring ingri'dient.
There was,
Florida
trilx-s,
rivers, and
different strata
Ibund along tho.se streams.
taken in the chase
into
but
(•ontinued
stationary
at
a
and
specimens
mounds
which
is
Mark's,
notices
of
games
practised
by
the
the
feat,s is
universally held
up to
a
striking
trait
NniiiTS
of stone.
They are,
generally, exact
snuiU
fraction
hurling their discus
be
stated.
(Plate
the
exact
made for children's
is connected
an
antique
grave
same place, and made
The great extent
of country over
general
preva-
lence
of
mounds and
of
value
among
the
the
plutt,
or
multiple
that
sea-shells,
under
the
])eri\vinkle.
coin has
heen i()Uiid
article
imiu'operly
during the (ierc(> wars
hy
sewing
this a
consternation
render
posses-
was
a
person,
and
be enough to secure
doctrine
arts
from
worn
Some form of a
sea-shell. man\ifaetured or
i'rom
the
sea
have been invested
its
depths,
great mysterious
of
covenants.
Ear-drops
ami
not merely
or
ears. It
so
deposited
of /««/
ctone deposit of
stone
or
'Jl,
amnni;'
nization,
of
the
it
was
long,
spcar-heads,
now
in
possession
of
the
National
Institute,
Washington,
(if
tin'
iimifiit
i<|
tlmi>
iln-i^Mcd or iiiiilri<'«Mt'il, luMiig tlic iiiatcriiil to iu-
pul
togi'tlior.
thin
wiiM
(lOfoiiipliKliiMl
ii horn, which
remote
trihes.
as
shown
in
the
articles
supplied
rudi',
and
as
Kuropean
laid
hy
instrument is
on lish
government
shops
referred
:i
coiiipound,
consistiiif^'
rope
makinji'.
from
together.
done.
length,
from the
of
determined.
It
without
the
Q
plilied
by
the
fii^nred,
of Hnfl'alo city
a
heavy
siiles
in
of the'
the
It is
ojjcration
of
skinning
of
to
dress
and
may
to permit a
as if
Chain Koeks. It
it
a siiieious slate.
appeared among them,
Teeth
are
a
primitive
early
and
polished.
re.spects,
a
stouter
instrument.
spear
similar
productions
among
by soldering. Oxidation has
which
have
come
to
a salt
The \ise of this metal
appears to have
occurrence
and tumuli may be generally set down to that era.
The fur
of silver,
or silvered
copper and
in all
its manul'actured
a nobler metal than gold. The name for gold, in
all the languages
which attracted
facilitate
33,
Figures
of rock,
hy the use of pigments. (See Plate
12,
Figure
Indian pigments. Plate 74
fictions.
to
form
a
hard
and
only, in
tlie
Straits
of
manufacture from the native
the
of
chief
objects
be
rai.sed
first
a
])cople
emerging from the hunter state. There is no evidence that they understood,
or undertook
generally
of
Avill
1. That
be
made
in
Lake
Supeuior.
The
copper-bearing
pits, trenches,
named,
four miles. These
a
course
of
about
north
70°,
wrought
around,
but
the recent works, is
the vein
away
the
top
or
pits
a
to
raise
pit
had the marks of a narrow
a.xo
or
abandoned
it
on
account
of
its
great
the
pounds,
around
it for
lately opened,
with their
spread entirely over it.
facts throw the
of Columbus, and con.sequently
that it
metal
they
near sixty feet in depth,
and
have
calcareous
spar,
and
copper.
When
we
.
^
<',\
Tlie
Indians
have
no
What
scat-
tered
stono
stone-cutters'
tools
Sui)erior,
into manageable
store 2o'J Water-street. They
the appearance of
In
the
growing trees
it were found
of welding
and of
it may be that their eflbrts
were
suspended
l)y
reason
a
considerable
(twenty
by
water,)
and
the
luirdi'st
rocks.
\'alleys.
The
mound-builders,
and
also
the copper age.
is
a
metal
testimony
is
in
favor
of
its
Ijeing
held
in
of the
the chief
things found
mounds,
miners
having supplied
They
depended
upon
been
kept
depths.
On
due
of the
of foreign origin.
Vestiges op Ancient
to descend and
an altar
to
be
and
the
ill
l)arl<
and
skins,
This
was
corpses
above
when a general and final interment of the bone:-i coidd
ho made.
at the
general interment.
This is
localities of
such bono
that of burning
the
Tacnllies
the
discovery
and
settlement
of
the
country.
by the French,
village
formerly
were probably
Ten
Indian
learned, any
12,
1:5,
pipe
descril)od
bored srpiaro tubes,
ls: r,.
V.
Islit.
Wi'st. 'i'liese
link in
mii.son the
give no eoiiiiti'iiunee to the existence.
ill
lust twelve
which
()('
islands and
with
imudi
proliu-
liility,
the jiresent
site of
is
certain
that
their
|)riinitive
ma|).><
of
a name
admit. There is no
attention at home,
for
and
(ioodwin,
is evidei.t
that the
recorded,
on
is
shown
liy
\et
it
is
the
the inscription
tenth
cenlury.
the
olijectinn
would
he
to their reli::ioii,
iS'iO.
Trailitions
notice,
ivnih
to
the
attention
of
.VuHuican
ethnolouists.
'I'rade-winds,
monsoons,
oceanii
streams,
India and Cliiua.
that
era.
to
refers
as
tlie
inoiiiiinental
upon
various
metallic
has been easy,
and
and
critical
examinations
on
bian
c'i)iKh.
an
historical
blank
object wliicli the
drawings. This
conniiittee for
that purpose.
This trust
of Fall
in Massachusetts, caily the next morning.
This
miles, by
are
the course
to
enqjloy
far U'sser-sized
bnuMers
and
blo-ks lying on ibis Hat. on(> of which, u'^ar to
it,
has
just under water,
coming in, had
of
the
frontlet-crowned
figure
No.
1,
I
make out
tidid
minor characters
between the
1790,
and
in
important, in the
consists
in
the
lower
which
my
positicm,
chief
the Indian
it.
reflection
a
good
was
perlectly
arreste(l
liy
the
at
.Alicliilli-
mackinac.
in
IS.'itl.
on
AVhen
1
fnsi
calli'd
j/iiisic-hixinls,
of scnl})tnre,
mythological
whom
teacher
in
nnravelling
despatched
an
invitation
oiijoct of the
come
in
it
and
inscriptions on this
otln'r.
is
supposed,
underground.
end,
give
their
api)roval,
and
parts.
the
figures
to
the
A to
came to them, which
(hd not belong to
war-captain.
He
records
his
exploits
and
prophetic
from his
proplii't
or
Mccr's
lodffo.
It
lias
ni'vcral
divisionw,
])erformed some
war-crv, «
liitli
i-*
nil
the enemy.
Figures
neuotialion or treaty.
Su<'h Ik-IIs
F'igure
'.VI.
A
l)ow
iieiit.
and
pointed
against
the
.'xa'tii.'ss
With
muIi
a
preliminary
a-
surra.'.'
he
rnck
ruiild
he
ad\euturous race,
who were conlessedly
helow is
on
this.
i'or the
letters Th.
Is .some
the
name. The
.V
So
A
preceileiice
has
heep
i:iven,
the Scandimivian,
PiJ^s^tsisin-^iriK^w.,
I
,1^:
lines
that
compose
figure
4;>.
appear
to
have
been
i)arts
of
a
jtortion of
the inscription,
. 7.
Of
this
inscription,
of this compartment is
.stroke
1
r
i
o r rr
this kind, and
due
a|)[iear that
inscri|ition to respect.
O
HU
K
T
II
V.
Wheoliiifr,
the
proprietor
at leiiiith,
sunk
'A
4
4
'X
m
plioiis
of
stealile.
and
hivli ei\ ili/.alion.
Ik
en
atlaclu'd
lo
no
archa'olouists.
It
was
in
of
this
char-
acters.
.Immics
\V.
<'lfmi'ii.-<
of
Wlicfliiif.',
of
noliodv
(Nintaininff aiiiliahclifal
he
at
ahoiit
live
hiindreil.
some
importance,
appears
to
have
at
7S
'. 'I'liis
from
the Southern type
(M'iginally
piiiilishe(|
|ii(tiin'
wiit'm^-
liy
the
T
'Iters
iiiul
A/ln-s,
in
tliciii
: Imt
iiotliihi:
tliis
xallcy
of Mi',
a liireiuii
do. tlie d.ite of
IK-
I.eoii.
and
(
Celtic,
it will he
Maiice to it appears
of
.Madoc,
have ln'cii
of iiiicient
date, on
te
one of
the r.oiip
diaiiiet(-'i'.
coiilainiiiL:'
some
de\ices. which roemhie tho~e of the ins ri icd stone
allejed
to
recognised
I'roni
tiie
is stated by Cusic, in his curiou;) pamphlet of the
historical traditions of
history; and
the structure
of tlie
with
his
traditions
of
to speak of the Indian mythology, and beliefs in spiritual
agencies, the
people, he is
his
own
way.
the bulk
in
the
in saving
them. The
by
great
monster
quadrupeds,
were
dressed
in
leathern
doublets,
and
owed
their
rescue
from
the
of those who hiid saved
them, and that
Virginia,
and
veils
in
metaphor
the
treachery
minds of
coh»ny, which
tribes,
the
knowledge
ANTIQUITIES. 127
[Tlio Ibllowiiir; (loscription of certain luiinan skeletons, supposed to be in armor, found at Full
Kivor, or
drawn
a
one
of
Carthaginian oilghi
elsewhere,
which
without
any
proceeded to
Fall liiver
lor the
a
of
attention.
As
many
entire.
The
skidl
is
of
ordinary
not
more
tlian
an
body
and much
A
piece
of
]iositi()ii,
as
<;reen
at top,
an
inch
broad
at
the
base,
and
iiaving
a
length,
It is
to bo
I
saw
the
man
who
dug
a
road,
id)out
three
or
four
feet
in shape
the one
skeleton, and like
Arrow-heads
of
shafts.
matting, a l)inicli
neither
resembling
that
of
a
woajioii.
Thcsu
wore
now
with the serrated
any
other
supposition.
Both
Home
cut into
simple foi'ui
were fit for defensive armor. And lastly,
the
use
of
copper
is
by Mourt, in his
Indians
that
time
of
Piiilip's
iiotici'^,
II
nkctc'li.
l'.
Wisciiiisiii
mill
(loiieni'o
cimntry
(i.
Minnesota.
'l:
1
i'V'
(
Corte.'*, in tlie
we.stwardiy.'
Mexico
had
—an
and
wlio arc tlie ininiediate suhjeet of these iiU|uiries, will
lie
reeofrnisoJ.
of
surprise
that,
while
the
carries more water into the Gulf than any
other
stream,
if
not
a
volume
united, should not havt'
on
his
in 1511 that he reached the hanks of luis stream.
It
penetrated north. It is manifest
from
the
existing
and
he
'].
North Atlantic
coast in
which he reached
the
i. Meantime,
Iv-desceniled
K\
its moutli
g(j\-ernineiit
1,
to
maintain
its
an
of
its
mouth,
—
above
the
influx
of
the
Illinois
I 1
appropriate
functions
Mississippi
to the
above the Falls of St. Anthony, to the Kiver St.
Francis;
liotli
of his
travelled west. lie had
Joseph's,
and
described
by him, which he could not have fully learned at (ireen Bay
from the
Indians, or
Ilonton
ioiown,
were
oxelusivcly by
is
assiimiition in attempting to
details
of
its
clumsy
lie does not notice
mountain island
—
visitor, had he
period
of
and
and
doubted
the
English
brought
Michilliniackiiiac,
p.igc
133,
1:17,
,
supposed
he
could
do
by
the
head-waters
valleys,
to
whom he
had travelled
that point to
name among
back to the
information,
and
without
a
di.scriminating
bringing forward
it necessary
to
volume, and
as
it
the area
Watson,
Esq.,
tlic a|)parently
and executed by
its source, left
in
.source beibre the
of September,
hundred
and
sixty
poles,
with
a
perpendicular
great toil,
12. By the 10th of December
he
to be drawn by
January,
1800,
proved
advantageous
to
his
across the
to
middle of October, appears to have spread equally over the
surface,
and
is
packs
hospitality,
he
received
every
attention
i'roni
the
af;ents
in
eharne
at
Sandy
and
lie
remote
;
as  the
upper source
is
rathci'
considered
the
is
a
at large.
dictated this,
did not
Im
ol'llie Missis-
olh ol March. Tiie
jtassed
ahove
Cass,
continuation
of
the
discosciy
this
shores of
w
as
found
the
region,
organized
but
and
>1|:'
t-r
llicy liml t'vcr liciinl
And
from
this
era
we
state of feclioi;' in
attended
Pike's
heavy snpplii's. and
part of
his French
canoe-nu'n, at
the ])ost of Sandy liake, and |)roceed with lijiiit canoes, and
a select party,
Sandy I,ake, he was now
at
—
rice
lands;
waters
of
10. The elite
party selected for
this
this
in
as
it
were,
with
passages
This
constituted
the
terminus
shores of
coiifoiiniioii with
an
•r
olliccr
troin
West
I'oint
and
mineral
.structure
( ass Lake,
descrihed the
to
its
outlet.
They
out this
to its
open
and
de.scribed.
or
Lake,
and
thence
ip
•y
and
of 1S20 had terminated its
explorations. Mr. Beltrami,
whose volume, in
the
Turtle
He
named a lake at the head of this river, Julia ; apparently, that he mitdit
denominate
this
the
Sioux ban<l,s,
and restoring
Itivcr.
and lU'scended
of this
lake to
liraiieh to
Fo.xc.s,
under
by
iiun'dorinjr
their
tinu', passed
on
the
under the
was provided with the usual aid of guides, inter|)reters,
and (.'anadian
fJoing
having nuido tho asci'ut
regarded in
thi.s light,
the
central
that tl
time of
make
puhlished
in
IS.'JI,
with
parai>liernal
iiii.^sioiiary
each
occupied
ind
I
sp;
ecd,
portage
the men
in this
rcpiiUMJ
as
till'
HoMici-
111'
from
sources
sonlli
or
soiitli-west
h\
the
Juiicticni
orij;iiiales
hitter, we eiiteied
fog
and
with
scarcely
a
moss,
a
minor
falls.
The
giiidi^
an
early
We
a
hot
.luly
da}'.
Our
hard}'
in the abraded
numerous
springs,
I
felt
lagging behind as we
little besides a
spy-ghiss and portfolio; and during the last st; ige of tiie ]iortage r kept
up
unite. The accoinpanying
estimates of distances,
feet; assuming, as
above
feet.
.'M.
Having
finished
at
observations.
lie
noticed,
among
other
plants
loxsonkf,
jilnjmJis
lanvivldhi,
and
nikne
aiitirrhlna.
The
elm,
pine,
spinal
to be loTo
Jlaufi
nr
dis'
Trrrcx
to
be
feet
hy
tlie
ehief
military
ollicer
in
command,
received at tlie
month.
six'cimens
witli the lou.<c residuary
iron sand
a
portion
(piait/ still adhering.
All the scale-form,
and lump gold,
is
of
till'
the
thirteen
separate
packages
received
at
Colonel
platina. which it
jirasity of nati\e platina varies
hetween
I'l.Cilll
derive some
light from
may
of the
water's
edge,
while
the
altitudes. Tons
tlid
olIuT
(|U;irti'rs
nl'
the
ulolir.
M
tlio
in
cartiiy
liie bed of
t(
itdl-niiili
Ill oil
ler cases
in
Scoliiiiid,
gold of South America, which
has
\ieldeil
more
gold
position
of
the
gold
to
dispersed,
(vide
was found in
produce
washi'd
I'rom
the
sands
unconsolidated
0°
to
value,
and
to
be
relatively
valuable,
we
shonUl
a.
policy
vviiich,
llic
iiu'liiiliii'iiv in
nllicr coiiiilrics
('(illllllrl|(U
ilM'ir Id
[ilMi'l ii'lll
ami
wiirkiiiL;
III'
llii'
\i'ins ol' miniTal iiialtiT
ilislrii'ts.
;
\ .
v
ami
resiiuri'cs
llie
exaiiiiiiati
their
uliscrv
aliuns
'.1.
the hrad of the I >i\
iri
,'>aii
Frauciscu.
Holh
Mr its
i:i|iiii'il
SiiiM'iiiiiciilo lllld Siiii
has liul
plains,
is
i'f|iiiilly iinknuwn. in unlcr tu runn just cunceptiuns un tin-
snliject,
it
wunld
he
loose
irolil,
tiiat
it; and
the
alnie'' the
prohahly
lifteil
is iiuw the theatre
the
the
heij:ht
of
depositH.
'I'lie
wlinle
which
the
coinnierce
oi'
value
and
position
of
the llrst discovi-ry of j^old on the Kio de
los Ameri-
tutin;:'
•coarse stones, earthy matter,
the
discovei'v.
the
wliero
I
;iiiivcll_v
far
as
(•\|)lorcd,
de los
aiK I
niilis
IVom
sontli
the
princiiial
sahK
mil
to
H
spontaneous
action
onttlow
from
the
disint(';;rated
schists
and
cpiartz,
a;ireeably
to
facts
above
noticed,
is at least two thousand feet above the lower and cential waters
of
the
Sacramento,
Dece.mher, 1818.
IS.'jO,
giild
t<)
the gold-yielding
and
the
eye,
the veins.
As yet
we are
without a
which is the reason
on
manufactured.
been able
able
to
is
may
lack,
I
propose
detailed exiiibit
nie
whether
Missouri,
as
the ore,
me to
The ore in
quantities where obtained
in
on what
go.
My
as
yet
doubt. The Kansas
to make a
permit to explore
and work for
years I
have been
gathering up
siihiiiittcil
nl'i
VcCV
ol'
its
location.
the form of
having labored some, and e.\|iendcd
something,
sight of; and I most
respectfidly beg
the
a permit
it
grant the
tlu'
tiie
liidiiin
trilies.
Thus far our infornnnit. It may be well to add, that neither
of the tlirei'
that
is
known
in
Knrope,
exactly
l)rescril)e
associations
to
the
from
the
in tlio
—
and
west
leads;
wliich
The dark
the vicinity
of Meno-
—
varies in
places
not
which
are
now
occupied
so
extensively
by
native
in
when
so
found,
it
is
associated
a workable
strength, at
our
information
linii'stonc
the
true
in'imilivi'
no
particularly
towai'ds
the
ami
alirujil
;
llats;
now
foam
over
soils any
miles
mi
a
in
Oneiila
iqi the
ilmlson. 'I'his, liowe\('r,
is iiieiV li\|)oinesi
discom|iose
social
the western district
in
oj'
which
is liiiidered.
ran
hiiiher
than
at
jirest'iit.
1.
is destined
lit
nccu|i\
formed,
into
some
of
which,
existing
energies
along its
across
diagonally
from
the
north-east,
the
elexated
mountain
The
Their
th(> wa\es,
and driven land-ward
carry
of
the
peculiar
atniosplieric
depili-.
between St.
action,
and
not
to
but slightly conceal their
Ibrmed
oxyde
coasts
Presque Ls|e
river, which attests
degradation and
enter,
headdands,
a
are
1 H
;
The
cause
currents of wind
as allected by
not
but
fishermen's
nets,
from
is completely perforated
—
orifice consists
7U to
I'oriiis
to
whieh is,
Is not this phenomenon
one cause of the
the shores
bodies.
at
the plates of
eud)ract's \rvy licautiful
massive
mineral,
oljserved
at
that point.
region
range of crystalline
<|uite
the lakes as
puKci'ulent
state,
it
may
suitable for agricidturt'.
absolutii
indestructibility
aW I
S. iNTiCfMirrv
OK iMatteu.
forms, there
the instances
exactitude, and
heauty of
nature's laws.
have
}i(dded
some
of
of
science.
It
is
lilliui;'
as
a
//'7.-.
an acre
two
teeth,
and
smooth
of
hones,
^'cnns
lierhlvorons,
with the acctahnluin of
shonldri--i)lade,
pri'sents
a
similarly
larjic
articulation.
i''ew
of
the
\('rtelii'ie
on
inches in
liiaiiv
ci'lltlirie:
^v
with
llesh.
and
studying
what
a
fii.'ure
the
otln'r
aniiUids
of
slow,
under the name
of bones,
(|iiicksiiiiil iiljdiit
niiiiil
in
llic
aiinexeil,
Plate
I'.l.)
uliicli
lies
partly
Yoi \. This
is
sjioken
their
name.
a
warlike
deeds,
watched,
the
nationality. althouj;h
the trihe
of the
Turtle, the
ground,
and
peel
its
bark
cleanly
top.
This
was
the
(l-f.)
.ill.
of
consecrated
liy
ranging through
the counties
a
tho Oncidas
innnemorial
which, from
the little
at the spring
stout-,
evidence of
the drift-abrasion.
Noiiiing. indeecl.
the country,
pre.-ents a
more interesting
iron-coloi'ed
a
saline
group
and the Stanwix
and
Niagara
IJivers.
In
in
margin of Lake Supe-
in
in place, through
direction
of
south-west. In this respect
of
by
the
Mohawk
below the
Astorenga, or Little Falls, or by the Hudson Valley lielow the
Highlands.
In
the
former
ca.se.
havi; been carried nearly diu' east
; and
in
important
Hut
drifteil and scattered
has been
IS'JO.
Alliaiiv,
tlioir
carried its
triumphs to
thi' loftiest
Ix'tter
anddli
Many
in
Canaila:
but
farmers,
nu'chanics,
and
conforme'l to the high state of industry and moi'als around
tliem.
'J'lioironlv
amljition
now
is
farm, and
tiie Morkshop.
10. Aiiil
roiiimittod
the
lii'catcst
a
(liiiifjcn'
liilc,
tliy ^ilt('.
Hljiillil till'
liwt
A
liialllil'iil
\igiir
luurso
'twixt
soji
and
sia,
And
siiiiiits
III
eonse(|uenee of
area
lyiiifr
alMivo
the
inoutli
of
of (10,
of
great
the settlements of
and
climate,
the
piMclical
in(jnii('rs
I'eter's
to leaves
:
called
Oskilmiil
or
premature
while the nioro
Iwroiil regions, occupii'd
hy t em,
.seek
and
central
the
leading
travi'llers, for
its precocious
l)o
and it nnist bo borne in mind that Imlian corn,
,hicl
and
at
Hed
Lake,
north
many
years,
;
eiiii|ili'
nl' ileirees,
.slmwin^f
Id lia\e lieell
—
sanitai'v
point.
II ,
and I'lairie dn
the honndaries of
cascades.
|ircscntini;-
Im'Idw.
a
liliLiilia
Ir.s
in
I
111'
clfa
I
ic
lliiow rdjiinus
s|irini,'s
willl ilcriijiinils
ll'ci'S. Till'
which
lillkillu- In'jetlier
and drift
Itasca hiiihlamls, and In
l'|iper .Missniiri I'lmii ihnse nf the Saskatchiu iiie, and
.\.-sinaliniii \'alle\s nf Ited
Kiver
II
i
i
1'
>r
Id.
It
t *
till' |irc-('iit
In-
tin'
rc-iill
cil'
(H'ciiiiin
iicrind
lUnl
ul'
llir
iiiiir In tliirly inilrs
vanui's
ii-iir.
i-'i.
'I'lir
rxtcniliiiL' tn
nl' iiL'iiciiltiiio.
llif lii^li
iiiiniln'i' nl' lakrs
.
nati\i's
trrntnr\
n|
jlinlMins
Hay
wtit
I'lijiil
animal,
w
the deepest
family
i-ani.s
nood
T.
C
KN
the
|iii|)iilal
trailcs. wliilc
iiiic- iiii|.,..\(i| ti) liMcli ihrm; aii'i tl/r j<'iiiTal llsr ul' lii-tillcil
diii Iks.
Iia\c
liiiii
1'
.i|
liKJiaii
in
In-trial
and
idii'
nl' the
S.
Miisc'.iiii'cs
(Irliiiliiinalcii llio
/n/innr lii
wrUcrs
rci:ari|
is
ciicli'.
rcc('i\i's
litlK'
e a>-.
dliinion
at
onee
tlie
mere
exponents
or
I.IImI con-tiliilcd
aulhoril\. So
\
it
((Pii-tiliilioii.s
trilies
which
of sympalheiic interest
in the theme
to
follow
tlirif
track.
pious /eal. Iia-in;; ii^ell' on the nioial e\|ieiience
ol'
the
wiirld.
has
lii'cii
alile
elloii^ while
man
on
iiol governed
ATION,
commiinitirs.
it
(o
with
his
iiiiMiis
III'
ur
wr shniild
ns. Can lir
in ri'CiiM'rcd I'nun
'.'
till'
111'
hi'i'll
scaltiTi'd
almi::
ihr
and
dwillinir
of trili-s
mi\
nt'
:l
nri'ii|i\
rirxali'il area
(
nl'
tn
ami
ilnun
llir
SarralnrMti).
).rn|ilr
s]irak
llli;' it
ai'r niir
( hain. 'i'.iy
laiiiiiajr. aiul
sniitli nl'
tlir sair.'iii-
I. ilr?rai|ril.
llir irsiilt,
In
nil
iiljiiiii'
lliii\i'
n|iiin
iIh' liili
>l('r|is,
wlicrr llic
(lisillti'^ialril
|i(i\MT III
I'm'
a-i
is
kiidwn.
111
llic
liiitiialiiPii
nrs-.
ami iimst antlii'iilii' inrnriiialidii
the\ liicii
riivlv .saliieil.
ll,
ill
ihe Slid-
in.inv
Z A T 1 N
ploasiiro
T(i/)//(i-liijiii
down, as
had a
;
mountains, passing whole weeks without meat, antl
witii
miliiing
to
and they have not
intercourse with strangers,
Indian.s,
delight
in
Injasting
notice
of
this
leading
;
the moun-
-i'l^, came among those
who
north
He
Kansas. In his sepa-
junction of the Big Sandy Eork of the (Ireeii or
Colorado of
the
mountains.
The
distance
thus marked, is
in tliesc
probably
destined
northern
sides
consist
of
below
the Colorado.
entire
admeasurements from
the eastern moiety of
Colorado and
few alpine
shrubs. The
Avestern moiety
of 140
miles beyond
that consists
by rivers to
Southern Pass—
Shoshonee nation,
of
of
the
Columbia.
inhabit
is,
for
the
most
of Oregon. in the
the efl'ect
trapping, which adds
animals.
to begin a
operate to
lengthen out
the period
to
facilitate
intercourse
for
by Fremont
for
suited
to
great value
abound. The Lakk
has
Mr. Nathaniel J.
years
This
gentleman,
one
of
the
favored
us,
to
the
seek
'
This is tl J first and only intimation wo Lave, that the
Indians have  hcaaUs.
Language.
40° 30'
Valley
between
the
Blue
and
the Indians
—
steal,
the Columbia T{iver at the Dalles.—These Settlements to
consist of
ult. was
an
I
supposition
that
that
natives
is
Soiiosiionee
others,
Bonacks,
or
Paunariues.
They
do
not
seem,
radically,
to
differ
from
the
Ibrmer;
they
except
;
but
they
are
also
scarce.
In
1832,
means abundant; at
otter,
and
covered,
even
during
the winter, and but few even of those who visited annually the
buffalo
region
had
almost
Snakes resort
ally
were
to the tpiestion of
they were
they
nnirder them. When they were
addressed
together
each
for
after making this
lish.
In
removed
from
the
a
this instance.
person
this
have
protect
it,
first settlement
could
not
penetrate
into
their
country
for
want
them-
live, even in
woultl
apart,
to
the
mountains
from
lor the protection
continue
are
not
satisfactory
to
myself,
condition
much influenced by the introduction
of
and
fiicts
as
barriers
of Snake
River, all
of
t'o worst kind of ciuiou navi;,Mtion, rnpids Ixjiiig fiv(|iu'nt,
and
a
tho
and
Henry's
Fork.
the South an( West. rise
III
Aiiril
May,
and
Itig
Wood
Deccmher, IS;)- ), without
into .'~>iiake
of the Three IJutes;
in I'ierre's Hole, at the base of the Three Titons, about thirty
m iles
lip tht
li
with
Wind I
.<;iitl
he
eati'ii
ciich
I
was
obliged
following,
at
any part
averiige diU'ereiiee
between suiirist
trail
on
the
Di'cember,
Iwth times heavily, and during this time
the
a little
are nearly destitute of water. They are bouiuled by the
mountains
near
and poverty
of soil.
The bounds
good soil, but
except
near
springs
and
its eastern
from
Brulii
timber
large
;
valley of the
or
wood.
So
circumference of
a
space
to
be
the
fish,
cooked,
producing
a
moss
camp,
generall}'
put
an
used in melting
and it must have
Indians at the mouth
The
and
horn,
tlK'3'
;:iiio, and door-
between
before
windiiiL :
the splice, two deer-sinews, nearly entire, are stron;:ly uliied and secured by
their
they
are
raUlesnako.
olliciont and
form.
right
thickness
are
taken.
In
and thrown away.
anil li)r
is
attacheil
split in the front
arrow-end of the sliaft.
is
head
will
the fact.
thoin.
like
by the
it,
t'lioiii^'li
in
\vliere'>\'
its course is maintained.
The knives 1 ha\e seen are rude instruments pnjduced hy
hreakimr pieces of
oljsidian, which luts
obsidian was
used for
this purjjose
jHirpose. The
head of
at night
twine
is
formed
finger of
of tlie
that
(u'st
commenced
on
diiiunishes
in
size,
so
as
to
make
a
continuous
and
oiiual
and the .seine,
feet
long,
and
navigation,
appa-
rently,
is
the
only
one
stem, usually about two
feet long. The bowd
appears
make similar fabrics. They are used to sleep on, and
to con-
and
and
placed
in
a
takes it
it
between
It
could perform
AND
U (>
V
E
I'roni
In
my
wanderings
I
'
'
of
the subjects
you propose.
I did
not commence
with the
own
by the
from personal
and
occupying
the Sweet-water
of tlie
the
Rocky
Mountains,
of
these
south as I
whether there is
but
miles
west
of
South
Snake
(Irand
and
nnprep;ired,
the
jiame.
From
these
beinji'
particularly
Hiver
be of the same stock as those of Lewis ilivcr.
'I'hey reseniliie
munk'r if
not
been.
Horses,
kine,
sheep,
and
the year,
of
cold
weather.
The
many
fertile
and
food,
Momitiiiiis,
I
.spi'iik
wliicli
I
[iiiblisiied
liy
llie
streams,
valley of
IJoar Hiver,
ludow
the
This
valley
is
peculiar
in
one
at all
would
.sottluinent,
tlii>'
miII<'\.
Inil
rsli'inliMJ a^ii'iciilliii'c. {''iiriiii'iiv
and
after
tiie\
are
well
tired
is partly
formed hy
the wreck
fre(pieiit.
The
hottom
of
large
scale
ohsorved
the
tlicnuoineter
at
thigh-bone of
the horse.
waters of the
'
anil do
n'main more than one or
two days; hut in tiio imiiiodiate voriic of tlie Casoade iMountains tho_\-
are
heavy.
J
of
tho
iidlon,
of
this
of
not careful
cnongii to
its
imnu'dialo
banks,
tho.-;e used
on tho
ontin
wants
of
;ho
Jlndsou
Jiay
that a siniile Indian
without
its
defects
pre-eminent for its pastoral
still,
some
are
good
soil,
and
1011
lid
1
are
Cascades, whert
Trade,
II
G
Indians, in tlie region under consideration, have ah'eady
'•eacJied tliis second condition, havinii'
introduced
iiy
olitainin^
citizens,
to
the
descril)cd, viz., from the
tions will be made wi^h the
settlements in
mass of
of the roving
visit it only to hunt gauu',
and murder and plunder
ownership of
been
and
single
families,
and
chaULic
their
bodv of
the
soil,
the
it woidd 1)0
entireh' valueless, if
a
connnonalty,
and
for
grazing
coincide with the o[iinion. so ofti'U expressi'd b\- those
best
aciiuaiuted
with
this
;
and
line
of
inter-
those
Indians are more
be
required,
of
perhaps 100 men,
to support any point which might require it, and sup[)ly convoys and expresses, &c.
The.se
herding
Indians.
particular
All
these
and
the
up
with
a
the
Indians
property from any motive but fear; eventually, the
fact
of
possessing
it
Indians
managing tlie animals which may be rea''ed, and
their
services
])nid
a
view
to
to
the
government
; and
of
the
and
the
reserved for the
the
stock.
have
relinciuished to tiieir enterprise.
be
considerable;
head
might
a
few years the revenue would nearly or quite equal the expenditure.
The
transporta-
tion
would
be
a
plans
have,
to improve the Indian race, it would certainly enure to the
advantage of our
wealth regions which
Lewis and
means red or
—
by
by double
mountains.
Without
the
name
of
the
regions,
the
government
is
of this continent to the
level
of
our
race;
us
to
continue
I believe
the experiment
in
:
Mountains, and
never demoralized previous
the
parties
who
management of all the
pe..5ons
in
animals, which was the oni^-
means
of
TiiK
of
tlie
he has
upon
the
numbers of
(he aboriginal
Americans
in relation to
to the Comanches,
absence of Major
beyond my ntmost
including its
Rivci ,
at
racks
at much higher numbers,
named,
I
presume
of life
origin.
f
no ivnowledgo
Indians
are
patience
of
names
of
little
more
jieople.
In
1811)
their
principal
him,
allected
kind
personal
inlluence
in war. Any
seldom
arise
enlightenment.
i
•1
'1
111
1
ii
l ^^
somewhat dillicidt to impress
to all the trihe : the
latter is appropriated only hy
ca[)ture.
the spoils
of
trallie,
goods
painted,
hy
the
women
with
considcrahle
released at
of
party war upon
and
coalesce
justice or expediency.
^•ijitmc, /nirn,
i)iit they
regard the
ingres.s of
with impunity.
were
sidlocateil \\ith heat.
In many instances
a liull'alo rolx.',
coveriuf^
the
whole
le;,'jrinj;s, made lonj;',
fi.irnished
fancies
can
suujicst,
and
their
means
supply.
cap nuide of the
color.s
— red,
black,
more
.sensiijle
reason
 
with
iincU'r* *
thi'ir
persons,
and
I
ancient custom
to sur-
render a
days
These fiends stake out the unhappy victim hy day, that
is,
fasten
him
on
placed
in
to dance
of
their victims
gratify a
It
is
perhaps
more
abhorrent,
to
a
correct
than that which
any
systematic
punishment,
but
when
they
become,
dc
fitrfn,
Comanches.
There
were
of lliciii was
tlic
liiislumds.
and
soiiu'-
timcs
is
pinnslicd
they
1)ut(her
of horsemanship, and i'vw.
horseback. As
of the
forbearance
arrow, but is not proof against
a
ritle-ball
in
and
this
knowledge
was
acipiired,
I
did
not
'I'hey rel'er
coinputiiiii'
tli(>
the
K
il'lii,
s,
peculiar detestation.
wicked. In order to
some
the deceased;
var\ing
they have
in their
the
shield
is
concernment;
any
have nothing like
common
plan
the
practical
said
in
co\-eri'(l
with tiie
artilicial irrigation.
The climate
is exceedingly
dry. and
all
humidity
hills
burrow
in the ground, an<l live in little subterranean villages; they j)artake
more
of
a
i)lentiful
rejiast
at
the
night
with
the
and silver;
apparently,
V
E
available.
1
never
discovered
ancient
identical
race,
and
have
doni'
much
misciiicf,
fnst
amountin;^- to about
lil'ty families each,
the
ij,round
to
a
small
extent.
'I'lie
common stock. 'J'he ('addocs IbrmerK' resided on the Red Kiver
of Louis-
181'J at
into
altogether
intrnders
here:
and
had
of
Texas,
actpiired
a
sanc-
tion
to
,\nd still
by
powers.
by the
part.
The
to
the
ancient
to extinguish
remote, country
actual extermi-
attractive
labors
Statt'.
The
who
and tho rojrions wost of
it, had
((iialinod him
in
estimates of po])ulation hereafter submitted.
It
is
proper
in
his
pos.sossion
changes
ahonl
100
lodji'es,
or
i)()()
cowanlly
these Indians ri'iider
entirely
by
plunderinii;
inlial)itauts of
maguey
of the
of
Third.
The
who
cultivate
the
soil,
and
raise
estimated
that
the
and asses;
it is
and
sheep
are
to those
reared by
the New
They
have
roam over the country
1 N,
aci|ii;iiiiti'(l
'I'lu'ir Miiml)i'iM
settlements
ol'
the Nabajos, and west of the
northern settlements
are
a
driven
off
large
amr'-nts
of
i)eace,
and
mea-
sures
are
the Americans
liloodnlioil licrciiftii'.
he eslahlished
on th
regiment against
war-parties,
of August last.
the
Ind'ans,
are,
douhtles.s,
amply
instructions
in
reference
This ifllcr a|i|icaiM
to
have
seisms
il, .Mo>i
their
liefore
Lac,
which
they
of
those
Sisitonwaii,
and
Warpekute,
and
altof;etlier
Mississippi and
St.
Missis.sippi or St Peters,
the
immense
prairies
the
north-er.st,
and
the
A
II
hC tin'
Ici III- iiiti'i'iiu'iliiit''
siiiinil
k-ii,
anil
tli<'
'rilnnuiiii
u-l.
'i'lin.''
liv
ilitli'icni'i'-,
Inil
lirnkc
man
castwaril to the St. I'ctcis ami
Mine
I'iailli
the I'ormer
also
Willi
sickness gn-atly
I're-
ipiency
I am
fully por.suadcd
ii:-n
11
ail diseases
the
friends
incantations
gestures,
and
the com-
sometimes
a|)ply tobacco, red po^iper, or tho pulvei'ized r(n)t or
bark some
their native
latter
moans,
of
the
reel
cedar
much
sit'k
to induce
greatly
prefer
To
remove
,r
,\i(il;il
i
I
1
1
ml
to St.
acquainted
izing them,
is to
llesh. or
lisli has
a
decoction
of
the
allow
in
with the
chiefs and
In
saying
this, 1 have reference not to the inli'iusic value of tiieir medicines, hut to
their
tlK'irown,
provided
they
can
l)atl
le
tllemse
Ives
an
y
which
well as the
child. It is
not very unfre([uently by tiiose who have husbands, but
do not wisli
to be encumbered
lose who
their ineilici ne-mc
article
the
di'\.
pul-
:i
11'
days
wash out such
sivill in
amoni;'
or
to
protect
hut
lauiih
at
or foot
[lerson
to
he
are tied lirndy
blanket or
with
iiours
inllicting
the
same
iiunishment
on
the
perpetrator
of
the law
wiiicii t'oiiM
till'
aniiv.
wlii'ii
in
case
(icstrnyail sncli
it
fur
sale.
I
chicl's.
.Many
uiiard .'liraiiist
this, \vl
they
contain,
iniiiht
TlKiMAS
S.
Wll.I.l.\.M.st)N.
nolhinu
Imt
Had
HUM'
the oniinoiis eroalv of ravens, and the inoiirnl'Ml howl of woKes, fatteiiin;;
on
the
hninaii
suicide
are
1)1'
liail iiiucli
i'Xin'iit'iicc ill
Masin
toCaiilornia.
Of
at
the
tiie
on. and
words,
and
lioot-ealers. liullido-eaters. Sii'.^ar
at
roail.
In
t
le
the
wcak-miudcd are
tlic
Indian
at
anvtliin.ir
otlu'i's,
who
()l)tainoJ
tlii'ir
to
arrive
at,
heeanse
they
are
I Iiave ever
I fear
on
their
their
when ali\('.
hi.^h np
decomposition takes
place, and
no
fixed
micertainty
of
tlii'ir
relations
with
other
tribes;
and
to
tribe.
In
their satisli
of
the dance.
her face,
state, she
rted the
warriors in
U
N
that
country,
tliose
and
believe, in
of the
regard to the
far
as
respects
life
is
well
application
to
can
in
cxti'nt
III'
-.
called
lli'in
to the
at
that
]ieriod.
were
not
known.
The
what
was
possessors
at
that
place,
two
.Mexicans;
a
The
a
w
ild-lieasts.
(leiieial l ol\
man. The former roU .;ht. uiidi'i' (ieiieral .\ndre\v .lackson.
a;
inst
immigration took
part
.-iroiii:'
alliiiitv
undeisland
no ('oiiinunulv
uuiiv
llicir
liiiU',
ainl
The
can stale
their traditions
iNs.
the
hinoil
have
call
own peculiar
had^c
the
trihos.
it
conti'hutes
to
their
increase.
Tliis
is
in
: I
stock ai'e
that
olVer
liy
the
extensive,
ver\' similar to that
the .Middle States. The Miuth wind iire\ail The stn
earns
sometimes
oscrtlow
their
lire.
'I'hey
mass of some
truneiitioiis
do
the
trees.
it
will
Im
r
ami
hiinniii
i\
'ITh'V
'I'lic
da\
is
any
other
e\ce|p|ii)ns
ihcy
mix
\\licn
thus
iireparcd,
ihey
cunsiihr
ni
rcL'ari
In
ram.
iiad
h
ikU.
iVc.
conntin): liy
T
I
healiuji'
tir
drawinjr
treat
They have ellicaeious
not
with
the
same
the natui'e of
ciiosen l)}'
tiie jreneral
council; in
the divisions
the
There
-ed of
tril)e. Their
them,
at
their civil
the
tribe,
in
local
a
rutr.
The
c/y/.v
mid
iiiiitiii;^
I'liciulsV
lisinu'
I'roin
^unc
adioui'nmciit.
llic
thrill •thc\- are t;cjin'^ to lca\c iIhmh.
Tlir\
then
srat
Decisions
is s'drclcil
If
the
S4.
i<
lilled
liy
ihe
town
to
in case
custom of
under
as
dist in'.:iii>lied
ar<' never
adnnlled In
>it in
to summ-
made to summon
them to
act with
the
fi'oni
tiaps.
to
tiieir
own
iicojilc
cii_'ai;ed
in
trade
aiaoiiL;'
iiioi'e
to
/imilaHoit
great
lie
triln's, Tlie inlrniiuclidn of
diniinnliiin
of
as
n^e
arts,
, ppy
era
in
Indiaiw.
is
lies:
that
for subsistence, are heavy.
the
mass
of
the
lu'ople
on their territoiies.
t
liavi
written
wants
to the
new laws
;
one
from
the ri'dit
teriitory
ol'
New
Knjrlanii.
iiail thei> iocentiy HnlU'i'eil
wiiich
on
upon our iron; and in tlu'
very surface
ot' the
ifroiind amon_'
ne\er
liir
an
parched
when
sweat and
beat
their
corn,
among
them
thej-
of god, inasmuch as
happens to
of extravagant
horror for ever.
diabolical rites, a devil
jjropounded
duties of
a pastor,
and taking
time, very strongly
in
their
vernacular.
were
raised
up,
under
whose
labors,
superintended
entire
17.
Sister
Nummissis.
Nctompas.
Song
of
20.
Tooth
'
as
oiintradistinguishoj
from
No.
7,
thoro
80. Must
blank
term
to
o^r.
208. Snake
212. Fly Ochaas.
8.
21G.
Egg
IT).
271.
(.'olil
SoiKiiR'st'ii.
v. 10.
made, which rerpiires
to show whtther the
that
pronouns,
be
\
297.
To-morrow
Mohtompog.
4,
found orally to exist in the
languages
iii. 4.
9.
32 ).
To
burn
Chikosw.
Lev.
iv.
12.
kc.
( 2.
languages, by
period.
The
Indian
So
inferential.
earliest times,
for
short
times.
They
landed
•were
depredations nuide by these
of that
State was, indeed, bathed in blood, and sealed with tlie deaths of some of
the noblest
South to
this people always
The
history
the
early settlers of the
the common tradition, that,
August, 1847.
year
1781,
similar
to
that
of
the
Union.
There
is one
fact favorable
to this State, which belongs to few, if any, of the sister
States.
We
have
driving off
tribe left
this country
liowever
loot
ui)on
the
Indian
soil,
the
country,
governed
relatives and allies, until
Menomonie
chief
in order
Chippewa chief
to
visit
forthwith
his
uncle,
the
gave
fore-leg,
which
open
my
nei)liew,
is
this
his left
between it
conformably
with
your
request.
his
father's lodge,
uncovering his
When the
tobacco was
was
ready,
sent
for,
and
when
to
them the reception he
 that he
lie then
on the
the
leader
strict orders were given
met
overpowered by many,
hopes
of
to catch, on
the
.slioaJH of the barred-up river, small sturgeon of various sizes. One
was selecteil of
the size of
outlet
the
orders to
famished Chippewns.
nunders
and
cruelties
their
them.
this
warfare
against
the
Chippcwas,
at
the
La
Pointe,
warfare east,
the Atlantic coast,
Boston Bay
L'ancc Kewy-
Dig'iton Rock.
Iuwcvit, on li'ini^
renown. 'I'liis norllicrn |)eo|)le traeeil tlieir origin to tlie
iiigli
antl
monnlainons
I'tawas
'radoiisac. 'I'liey
The |)lural
Thus
it
(lill'ering
in
the
shores
of
Niagara rivers.'
phrase as
gnma
and
nouns ending
wide-mouthed
river.
N
T
 i07
Tlic
tllo^«•
tiilics
capo of
to
in
Menissin,^
or
possession
of
the
Lake
country.
I5y
River and
tlie suiiurinrily
in
1821,
represents
have
taken
place
in
1838,
knowing
traditions,
denotes
the
war
he
the
predecessors
at
the
obtained
from
:
direction
it
Mississippi River;
they
emigrated
unsettled situation,
on
East,
in
the
Mississippi,
and
they
and there remained
in
groat
fright,
large
him
but something
kinds
blood and oil.
sick
sing
at
of
only taught
the Indians
how to
hunt; and
drove tliem ofl ;
returned to the
(i A N 1
their
agreement
with
the
purchased
years
; captains,
every
two
is
225
of
the
tribe,
with an
llACTER
OF
A
I)
• ).
tlirir
puculiar
niodi'
arc
introduced.
inijuirv.
and iienii.
the origiuid munber
i;
s
1'
Til
V.
1,
M
the
and
The first thing Manaho/ho did. when he grew
uj).
was
which were
his
entrails,
which
were
changeil
became jealous
hiul reached the
his hody.
and sat
animal,
him to
rite, lie
drank it
and
told
liim
to
go
and
preside
and supplied
Ifi,^
TiiK
lollowin^-
tradition
f.'(>\i'i'ii
Matcln'iiKairilc), (ir
tlio Evil
the twi) is most iiowcri'iil, uiiil ciidca\()r to |iri)|)itiat(
Iidtli. The j.n'catcr part, however, believe as
I,
(inly
liKihil
who ne\cr
(ireat Spirit
piuiijred them,
a j,'reat
man. a
very luindsoiiK
niiiht. to
and
having
melon, and the fourth,
gave him
manner
the
Great
Spirit
and
ceremonies,
and
with
his story
passed
here
hiit
a
.diort
time
since,
herself here.
your impiiries.
and gixe
••
your
dog.
You
will
(ind
tluMU
nail-
upon
shai)es.
The
There
was
he saw
stopped
by
ti'ees
or
to walk directly
througli them: they
were, in I'act,
bee ime
(ia\ s iourne\', through
a
broad
a
canoe
on turning
round he
t)t>held the object of his search in iinother canoe, exactly
its
of
waves.
Hut
no
sooner
was
one
ui>.
Thus
they
were
in
to it
let
them
pass,
for
the
thoughts
men, males and females, of all ages
and
ranks
were
to
hilly
wmds ;
wars.
then
no
blood
came. Your time
has not yet come. The (hities lor which 1 made you.
and which you are
keeps the gate. When he surrenders l)ack your
body, he
as
bitter land
bacl<
to
their
nnmbeis. and, in a siiort time, tliey have notiiing to
eat.
Among
them,
however,
there
are
Tii(>
and he
of
middle of
river for
water after
morning,
and
At
to
I'castcd.
nnothor. and at
another deer.
and
—
ground in utter
him. He aiiproachcd
that
songs.
She
entered
tlie
cahin,
it
His
hecoinc
iii
wile;
iiiiist iiuhic'' iiini
:)ir iiead
also I'lieral
and
upon
basin (which ii'listeiied
men
and
the ribs of which were made of living rattlesnakes, who were
to warn
had no
him,
and,
after
a man.
that,
seizing
diflicnlty; soon
outra'ieous an
insult from
uracil
hut they
they had
after one of these pronuses. his feelim;s
havinii' become
head,
new-married
had
found
the
headless
took
a
small
home
(rtii/
(if
the
Emili.
Maunkahkeeslnvoccaung,
recpiires
an
offering
ym
walk
along
sjn'iiig over
village
that |)lace. and that they were in
great sorrow and
they
sat
was
long
before
Tie
tiie
tears from
addition of
a beautiful
boy to
her father. But she was obliged to hide these feelings
from her husband. She
her
iiji,
was
construct
It was
could nut reach the
child ascen Ih
was
miser
He
lb irned his wife's li soreh', but his son's still
nuu'e. In
left a
husband on
of his birth.
His grandfather said
isk
him
to
aii.t (loscc'iKloi Al-on. who was e\er lu'ar the
enchanted
soon clas[ie(l
in Ins arms
lie h d
whole nights,
preserved a tail,
are still
grandchild,
whom
he
his gi'aud-
ho had
not, nor
tell you
(
:'
a
Jiipi',
this
Fh>
his coining
wliitt; feather, who
he was
and the}' told
to which they run, was
a
peeled
tree,
towards
the
rising
sun,
iuul
to
five of
The survivor wished
them
off;
as
morning, fiefore
he went to tlie giant's lodge, he saw his old couii.sellor,
who
was
that he
tlic
most
to
li'cdinu:,
tiTUfjIress, and hccanu'
purpose
of
eoiirtinfi;
him
and
hecomin;,'
his
to sleep.
|)urposi'
of
trjing
if
he
rival sisters.
the daughters
of a
enticing the
lodges
and tlu; eldest prejiared
was a wise man. touched notiiing
about her loiljc
river,
the
water,
his belt, he
in. After
he had
been seated
so;
by
the
L V.
hut
Iviiow
whitt
ii
man, hut
also
They
went,
and
were
much
a
of
the
exploits
coidd perform. 'I'lie
to the
made
ii
sign
to
sign to
to
should
lie
transformed
into
a
dog,
and
of
a
bufl'alo
hunt
a.sk
S
K
N
pri-fiiTVi'il
in
iiolorH,
on
(lie
hccn, alon;r
the Si. Lawi'dice.
I'ictoriiil drawinirs, ami
syniliols of this
discovery,
type In
streams;
and
the sni'face,
mark lh(> ^places
theii'
|)riests,
Nations.' informs us
or lion
of Ciininht.
This distinction,
which is
in notices to
no
class
of
tions. made
on the
with
saplings,
and
ol' war
number
of
scalps
himself
sunnnit
dividing
dark and rain\-,
night,
during
ground, leaning in the direction
we
were
to
go.
object,
aid
of
the
interpreter,
to
Iw
a
symbolic
record
and
of their
in.scription. The
of
of whom,
L
on
its
west
sIkhv.
At
this
spot,
just
opposite
a
point
memorial, we called the
reference
Siou.x
and
liy
meeting
the
Chippewa
been countenanci'd
of the new
inscription, which
sources of
that
were
that
These hints served
this
system,
.Marks,
to symbolize
The Indian is not a
man
jjione
discouiNi?
upon
iwople,
is,
This
periods
of
our
history,
experimental
Christianity,
there
has
not
i«.iiilr
nf tlio
Imliiin raio.
Mode.
us
tlu-
and
 nignotH
wi-ri-
the
so
and the irieniory of
to
character
of
Persia
may
1)1'
jiermits. the inscrip-
tions of the
.Mokah-Wadey, ni'ar Mtaint
existi'iice with the
the
tin-
language
of
Christianity,
put the
had
so powerfn
L
in
dcnotiiii;-
Ik'Ioi'c
Lt'ttcrs
he
had
and tiiis at least,
of
and
other
iiai
ts
of
the
hereliy
opened.
'I'iie
to
Herodotus,
rcmntc ('|)i)cli.
v
dcsiiiu'il
to
of
tlio
t'ltstcni
and
wo.Htorn
luiint, lui
tliat tlie
lvno\vleilL''e,
very strikinjr points
external traits, lait
mental
atliliat
tion.
One
of
art
an
il
nnre-
nuity,
containing;
evidence.'^
which
Mexico and Peru denote, it is hardly proliahle the\- were
hehind-hand
in
other
attainmonts
of
Amcrii'Mii
arts, as llicv
if
xcry iliU'erent merit and
was an art
the hiero,trly|)liic
pyramids,
'
I'lalxn'iitf
(li'xigii to
to
of
tlie
Nile
liy
aiicit-iit
(Jreck
characters.
Copies
of
it,
siitisfartorily
reid,
it
would
tran.scciid
my
interpretation
the
patience
with
siihject
will
hihors of
Dr. Ileyne
of (lermany.
the
demotic,
or
Tiiis
was
and
iniich
heyond
the
])ound
the only
in
a
jiajier
iiliiluihet
much the
I'lioni'tio liifii)jrly]>liics, nx
tinis ilisi'liwi'il, ronsi.-^t
ami
an-
has
jtatient
research
of
many
years,
it
papers on
the hierofrlypliie
Iniiiniii
 lO,
1 vah
relation to tiie character
and
e.xainining the
tlicxc
tln' I'rlillisf
linr^itiull
iil' rlrl'kM
wliii'li
II
kiiiiwlcilp'
III'
till-
:i
I'ciiri'-MisMioii.
hv
iiinilc
iif
oi:;
he
in
i-isii
lir«'.
lie
liclii'vcH
till'
Initli
T V U E S
.
a tiilnitarv of
a
1
Kv
an
int('ri)n
tcr
Fifinro
ices,
fiirnrv's
(i.
7.
S,
cat-fish s|K'cies.
\>y
our
diurnal
press;
coniiuaiidiiiLr
'hippcwa
country.
Nnmlier
Niitiilii-r
the
olijccts
information, in travclliiii.' and in Imntiii'.'. I add the followinjr jiictoirraph respecting
known
liistorical
events.
It
inscri]itioii.
extensive
confederacy
for
rctakin;.'.
works
among the
ancient
numlH'r of
liy
tim
Sin-ii'ly
nf
Laki- Immc. wiiicli
was taken l>_\
Niinilier
In
is
willi
out
men,
and
nearly
\crtical
stroke^,
at
the
ilie, uiarclied to I'cneh the scene of conliict. Tills coni'M',
id
i-itiiri
;
 
tlu'
•iiccessl'iil
warrioi
for their tiead.
is v. i'll
lllr
[H'lniill
iulilKl
1-
poiiil
L'cu.,
( I
t
liody
linH
grave-lioard
as . erve to denote
to
with
super-additions
of
a
relii
.'ions
of
a
who died
is symUili/ed
is
not
noticed.
seven
led
seven
war
parlies.
eonllict
with
an
enraged
animal
of
a
are
awarded
and tiirec
C
'I'
L'
OK II
of the
AVabeno
There are two
by
of
the
language from which wo adopt most
of
the
Jeesukt'iwin.
In
of
medical
It is impt)ssible duly
their force
C.
The term meda,' in Ottowa meta, is one of long standing in their vocabulary,
although, as
com-
according
to
metals, bones,
s