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Schoolcraft College Data CenterTier 3+

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Title:Design of a Shared Tier III+ Data Center: A Case Study with Design Alternatives and Selection Criteria

Abstract:Schoolcraft College is constructing a High Availability (HA) Data Center that is targeted at an Uptime Institute Tier Rating of III+. The new center will provide colocation hosting services to the education, municipal, and commercial communities. The design criteria of this facility include substantial redundancies in the power, cooling, network, and security areas. For example, the power infrastructure redundancy includes a continuous-duty natural gas generator that will supplement the DTE public power grid, such that campus power capacity should remain flat even when this 150+ rack facility is at capacity. The data center is also being designed to give students first-hand exposure to the skills needed to design and operate such a high-performance facility, without compromising security or uptime for municipal, commercial, and educational institution customers. The design criteria will be presented, alternative designs discussed, and final selections presented and rationalized.

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Data Center Colocation Philosophy Space is money Reputation is

success or failure Customer service

must be paramount

PUE drives profitability/cost containment

Design flexibility

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Concurrently maintainable Redundant Capacity components Multiple independent distribution paths One distribution path required to serve

computer equipment at any time Dual powered IT equipment Twelve hours of on-site engine generator fuel

storage for N capacity

Understanding Uptime Institute Definition of a Tier 3+Data Center

Additional Tier 4 Features• Fault tolerant• N capacity power/cooling available after any infrastructure

failure• Multiple independent active distribution paths

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100% Uptime Tier 3+ rated data center PUE ↠ 1.5 Minimum of N+1

redundancy in all critical systems

Private power generation 2N back-up power Carrier neutral with multiple

carriers

Design GoalsBasic Co-Location

Space

Power/Cooling

Access to Carriers

Security

And Beyond…

SystemDesign

LeaseEquipment

DisasterRecovery Maintenance

RemoteHands DBMS

OSMgmt.

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High density power – average 5kw/rack 24/7 monitoring 24/7 client access Latest high efficiency HVAC system Inert gas primary fire suppression system

Design Goals - Continued

Dual authentication physical security with biometrics

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Power – Design Alternatives CHP Generator vs. Fuel cell Single vs. dual utility feeds # of failover protections Single vs. dual backup

power UPS Battery vs. Flywheel UPS Tier III vs. IV (A+B) Busway vs. conduit/wire Branch circuit monitoring

◦ Panel vs. Busway vs. PDU Transfer switch vs. PLC

failover management On site load bank vs.

Maintenance service

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Data Center Power Plant

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Power DeploymentA

BABABABABABABABAB

Power Strip (a.k.a. PDU or

Power Distribution Unit )

APower Busway

Power Busway BusPlug

AB

Single Corded Device

Solid State Transfer Switch

Dual Corded Server(Two Power Supplies)

A B

Back of Rack

1.) From the Row…

2.) To the Rack…

3.) To inside the Rack…

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Network – Design Alternatives

Entry pathways owned vs. Carrier owned

Single vs. Dual core carrier routers to MDF

Single vs. Dual edge switches (HSRP)

Cisco 6500 series vs. Nexus with SDN

Carrier Battery plant vs. Operator A-B UPS

Single vs. Multiple carriers Single vs. Multiple entry points (Diverse Entry) Single vs. Multiple carrier paths (Diverse Path) Single vs. Dual lateral connection per carrier

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Data Center Networking Redundancy

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SCDC and MERIT Network Relationship

Merit will re-sell SCDC colocation services

Merit delivers a 150Mbps into the

Applied Sciences via an AT&T EVC

Merit Networks services will come into the SCDC via AT&T or Level3 “last

mile” with whom they already have a

relationship.Merit has approximately

3000 miles of fiber network in Michigan.

Merit has relationships and fiber access to area

public school districts and universities as

potential SCDC clients

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Cooling Considerations Cooling 101 – Get air to

front of device to allow device fans to pull air to the back

Cooling is largest “non-IT” power usage

Leakage – Open spaces create air mixing, turbulence, loss of efficiency

Design layout CFD failure mode verified

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Cooling – Design Alternatives Area/perimeter (blowing up the

balloon) Ducted supply and/or ducted

return Raised floor, In row,

Economizers, etc. Hot aisle vs. Cold aisle

containment DX (Air), Glycol, Chilled Water DX pumped refrigerant with

free cooling below 55 F Heat exchangers

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N+1 cooling capacity Liebert DSe pumped

refrigerant with free cooling

CFD Validation Highest efficiency with hot

aisle containment Typical PUE = 2.0

Cooling

Hot exhaust air

Cold Supply Air

PUE = Power to RacksTotal D. C.

Power

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Security 24/7 Alarm active An MCOLES certified PA330 Police

Authority, co-located in the Data Center building

Dual authentication with Prox card and Biometrics

24/7 monitored (…by third party) CCTV mega pixel security cameras

with remote viewing Motion activated video record with

90 day retention minimum Non-Clients/Vendors 100% escorted

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EPO - Emergency Power Off Building vs. Room UPS vs. Feeder General vs. First responder

activation Fire Suppression Activation Code requirements…

Equipment servicing room CRAC’s and IT equipment vs.

CRAC’s only EPO

◦ First responder only◦ Equipment servicing room –

CRAC’s – Agent effectiveness◦ IT Equipment power – optional◦ Power for lighting & utility outlets

Disconnection Means (Emergency Power Off) Section 645.10 of the 2008 NEC requires that there be disconnecting means for each zone in the IT room. Section 645.10 of the 2011 NEC has two alternatives for the disconnecting means, (A) covers remote disconnect controls with requirements the same as the 2008 NEC and (B) covers critical operations data systems. Critical operations data systems (defined in 645.2) are permitted to have alternate disconnecting means provided that five additional conditions are met: (1) An approved shut down procedure has

been established (2) Qualified personnel are continuously

available 24/7 (3) Smoke sensors are in place. (4) A fire suppression system is in place.(5) Plenum cables are used for signaling

NEC Article 645 - B

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Fire Suppression New evaporative

particulate Inert gas FM200/ECARO –

dual detector 165 Dry pipe – Dual action -

185◦ 2 detector active to charge

lines◦ Pellet melt water zone

First Responder Training

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Monitoring Preventative vs. Reactive How much – Granular view vs. Sensory Overload Methods & Protocols

◦ SNMP ◦ BACnet◦ Mod bus◦ Dry Contact

Alerting◦ email ◦ text ◦ phone call◦ audible alarms

Response Policy Infrastructure HW vs. Network

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Monitoring Considerations Critical to Uptime and PUE Hand in Hand with Redundancy

SNMP BACnet Modules BMS DCIM

Transfer Switch

Facility Power Meter

PUE = Power to RacksTotal D. C.

Power

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Management Control Points Policy Compliance – SSAE16 SOC2,

HIPAA ~100 Control policies with Quality

Control Repository Operations guide Risk Analysis & Mitigation Plan xx

points Disaster Recovery Plan – First

Responder Guide Employee handbook DCIM & Asset management Incident management & Ticketing

System times

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Preventative Service-effecting or Non-service-effecting Notification of Clients (2-3 weeks in advance) Network and compute redundancy and DR CRAC’s & Condensers Primary Transformer Generator – Switchgear UPS – Wrap around maintenance bypass Breakers (ARC Flash) & Coordination Fire Suppression & EPO Transfer switches & Control logic

Maintenance

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Data Center Footprint

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Academic Program focus:◦ Data Center Design ◦ Operation Management

Continuing Education Seminars Teaching lab in data center for hands-on

learning Lab sponsorships being sought from EMC,

CISCO, HP, Dell, etc. Focus on latest offerings/technologies

Data Center Academic Programs

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A SSAE16 SOC2, HIPAA, PCI compliant facility

Superior Infrastructure Superior Redundancy Superior Power Security Expertise in Commercial Data Center Design

and Management

Data Center Design Benefits

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Data Center Networking Redundancy

MDF = Main Distribution FacilityLGX = Light Guide Cross-connect – CarriersBGPHSRP

Add Vblock schematic here

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DTE Substation Supplying Data Center

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Data Center

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Caging Purpose vs. Necessity

◦ Access control – individually locked racks◦ Layers of security

Styles◦ None ◦ traditional ◦ wrap ◦ Individually locked racks◦ impact on floor plan

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Rack Management AUP – Acceptable Use Policy

◦ Velcro vs Zip tie◦ Cable labeling◦ Blanking plates◦ Fan direction

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Network & Cloud A virtualized MDF

Infrastructure◦ Carrier Neutral◦ BGP Carrier Redundancy◦ Edge Router Redundancy◦ Multi-tenant Cloud

Services◦ Multiple Carriers Services

Delivery Modes◦ Ready for BUaaS, BCaaS,

IaaS, etc.Client RackClient

Rack

Client RackClient

RackClient Rack

LGXCarrierRacks

CarrierFiberPlant

Data Center MDF

Edge and Carrier Protected

Carrier Protected

ASR/ISR

Nexus 5K/7k Nexus 5K/7k

UCSBlade

Chassis CLOUD

UCSBladeSAN

Converged Network and Compute

ASR/ISR

Edge #1 Edge #2

Fiber Intercon. Fiber Intercon.

1 2 3 4

Chassis CLOUD

Carrier Direct

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Colocation services focused on power, space, bandwidth, and physical security

Flexibility – Independently variable levels of space, power, bandwidth, cooling, etc.

Environmental controls Security Carrier neutral/multiple

carriers

Data Center Provides