School resources and learning environment in Africa
Transcript of School resources and learning environment in Africa
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Key results from a regional survey on factors affecting quality of education ( August 2016)
School resources and learning environment in Africa
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Education is …
…the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the worldNelson Mandela
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One-third of adolescents of lower secondary age (12-14 years) and more than half of youth of upper secondary age (15-17 years) are not in school
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
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Class size, textbooks… and learning
Class size is a key factor affecting learning outcomes especially where classes are very largeor cover several grades.
Textbooks are one of the educational inputs that have the greatest influence on learning achievement.
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Multigrade Single grade All classes
Average class size in primary schools
The average class size exceeds 70 pupils per class in Malawi, the Central African Republic and in
Tanzania
There are more than 50 students per class in primary schools in a third of
the countries with data, and 40 pupils or more per class in the vast
majority of single grade classes.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
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Num
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f stu
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Grade 1 classes exceed 50 pupils in about half of the countries with data*.
There are more than 80 pupils per class in the first 3 grades of primary in C. African Rep., and about 50 pupils in the first 2 in Uganda, Guinea and Togo.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
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G R AD E 1 G R AD E 2 G R AD E 3 G R AD E 4 G R AD E 5 G R AD E 6 G R AD E 7
C. AfricanRep.
Uganda
Guinea
Togo
Rwanda
Senegal
Botswana
More than 50 students by class
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There is on average 1 reading book for 2
students or more in sub-Saharan Africa and 1 mathematics textbookfor about 3 students.
On average, 14 students share the same mathematics
textbook in Cameroon, 5 in Chad and South
Sudan and 4 in Equatorial Guinea.
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
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The demand for teachers is rising rapidly as the school age population in Africa continues to grow
It is important to provide a sufficient number of teachers to improve the educational system and the overall quality of education, taking into account teacher turnover
In fact, every year some teachers will leave the public system because of retirement, mortality, migration or other reasons.
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In countries like Benin, Congo and Ghana with high level of attrition, the pressure on the teaching workforce to replace those who are leaving and to meet rising enrolment can be significant.
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
12%
13%
14%
15%
Burundi Mauritius Tunisia Morocco Cabo Verde Rwanda South Africa BurkinaFaso
Guinea Côted'Ivoire
Benin Congo Ghana
High attrition rate
Medium attrition rate
Low attrition rate
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
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Availability of sanitation facilities improves the learning environment, improves pupils’ health, boosts school attendance and achievement and promotes gender equality…
Lack of fresh water and sanitation is one of the reasons why pupils, and especially girls in many developing countries, opt out of schools. Yet…
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50% - 69%
30% - 49%
15% - 29%
<15%
>70%
No Data
Percentage of schools without toilets
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
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Percentage of primary schools with toilets
Percentage of primary schools with single sex toilets
Either toilets are not available or girls still have to share with boys in most countries*
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
70% or more schools in Mauritania, Comoros and Chad do not have toilets…
About half of the existing toilets are mixed toilets in Mali, Madagascar and Burundi…
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Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
Access to sanitation is better overall in lower secondary schools but remains low, with consequences for girls’ safety, health, dignity
and school performance*
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50% - 69%
40% - 49%
20% - 39%
<20%
>70%
No Data
Percentage of schools without potable
water
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
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Critical shortage of drinking water in most primary and lower secondary schools…even if lower secondary schools
have better access*
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
Scho
ols
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Schools with access to electricity
Availability of electricity is of vital importance to help facilitate schools’ activities and overall significantly improves learning environments.
For example, it avoids unnecessary cancellation of lessons due to ill-lit classrooms and allows o ventilationo use of computers
and internet
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… the majority of schools in the region at both primaryand lower secondary levels still report no access to electricity
Even if 80% or more of lower secondary schools have electricity in Côte d’Ivoire, South Africa, Morocco and Namibia
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
Scho
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90% - 94%
75% - 89%
40% - 74%
<40%
>95%
No Data
Percentage of schools without electricity
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. *Data for more countries are available on the UIS website
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…would help overcome barriers to schooling.
A school that meets the basic needs of safety, privacy and cleanliness…
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More data from the regional education survey are availableon the UIS website:
www.stats.uis.unesco.org
Pictures are courtesy of UNESCO and the World Bank
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