Schneider: Section 16 Forms of the Noun
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Transcript of Schneider: Section 16 Forms of the Noun
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Forms of the Noun
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Nominals include substantives (nouns),
adjectives, and numbers.They are the same in form
and use.
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Absolute & Construct
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1. Absolute State The form memorized as vocabulary word
Fully accented
2. Construct State Related closely to the word that follows
Weakly accented
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Two or more nominals are moved so closely to one another that
they form a linguistic unit and at the same time also express a unit
of meaning.
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Construct State is a variation of accent with a
syntactical function.
dwID" !B, Son of David
absolute
state
construct
state
definite
word
determining
word
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Most of the time we can use “of” to connect the two words that make up the
construct chain.
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The word in construct state loses its primary stress. In the tone syllable, the long vowels qamets (ā) and tsere
(ē) can be shortened to patach (a).
In the pre-tone syllable, a Schwa or short vowel will appear.
Examples:
« םד םד
ר ב ר« ד ב ד
ק « ןז ק ןז
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1. In a construct chain, the nominal in the absolute state carries the primary stress.
2. The nominal in construct state changes its form accordingly.
3. When an original short “a” now appears in an unaccented, closed syllable, it normally changes to “i” (Chireq).
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st abs st c st abs st cPrimary Stress
antepenultimate
syllablePrimary Stress
antepenultimate
syllable
רית ב ה ם ד ית ב ה ן ק ז
וד ד ר ב ד איש ה ב ב ל
וד ד י ר דב
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ןב « ןב יא הלה « םהלהיא
ל ךמ ל «ךמ א ץר א « ץר
םיו « םיו ישא « ישא
ית ב ית «ב שאר «שאר
םע « םע ד י ד «י
ר ב ד ר ב « ד ירע «ירע
ןיע « ןיע ) םש (־םש « םש
ש פ נ ש פ « נ דא ח דא «ח
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1. Singular
2. Plural
3. Dual indicating 2 of something
number and measurement
parts of the body (or things that occur in pairs)
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1. Masculine nouns have no distinct ending in singular.
2. Feminine nouns have 2 different singular endings:
absolute state: ה
construct state: ת
ה תו ר instruction (law)
ת םהלהיא תו ר the instruction (law) of God
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1. Dual endings are the same for both genders.
2. Absolute state: ~yI ;ñ
3. Construct state: y e
םיו a day
י םיו מ two days
י* יו מ two days of
ה פ ש lip
י ת פ םש (two) lips
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1. Masculine
absolute state: י ם
construct state: י
2. Feminine is same for both: ו ת.
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סוס a horse
םסוסי horses
י סוס horses of …
ה סוס mare
סוסו ת mares [or mares of …]
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masculine feminine
st a st c st a st c
Singular – – h ' t ;Dual ~yI ;ñ y e ~yIt;ñ ' ytePlural ~y i y e tA
Overview of Nominal Endings
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As a result of a shift in the tone syllable, the vowels often
change with the addition of endings on nouns.
See § 10.
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ני םב « ןב מי םי « םיו
שיא םנ «ישא תי םב ית «ב
י ד דו ת/םי י ד «י שיא םנ « ישא
םמיע « םע םשיאר «שאר
םריע «ירע מו ת ש « םש
רי ב םד ר ב « ד לבו ת ב «ל
יע םינ « ןיע דו לי ד לי/םג םג דו ל «ג
נו ת ב ת «ב םגו י «גו י
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1. ק יז נ ןב
2. ל ךתו רו תמ
3. ת םהלהיא תו ר
4. ביע ינ ד אב
5. רכ ה ב ןד
6. יכ ה ר ןדב
7. ה כ ל תמ ב
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