Schmaus American Revolution

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    RevolutionRevolution

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    StandardStandard

    USHCUSHC--2.12.1 Summarize the earlySummarize the earlydevelopment of representative governmentdevelopment of representative government

    and political rights in the American colonies,and political rights in the American colonies,including the influence of the British politicalincluding the influence of the British politicalsystem, the rule of law and the conflictsystem, the rule of law and the conflictbetween the colonial legislatures and thebetween the colonial legislatures and the

    royal governors. (P, H)royal governors. (P, H)

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    Montesquieu

    John Locke

    Rousseau

    Enlightened Thinkers

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    Period of neglectPeriod of neglectQueen Anne died in 1714Queen Anne died in 1714no children, or brothersno children, or brothers

    or sistersor sisters

    George I (German) nearest relativeGeorge I (German) nearest relative

    Knows nothing of EnglandKnows nothing of England

    Accepts kingship & lets Parliament run countryAccepts kingship & lets Parliament run country

    They lined their own pockets (neglected their job)They lined their own pockets (neglected their job)

    George I dies 1732George I dies 1732

    George II dies 1760George II dies 1760

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    George IIIGeorge III17601760

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    George IIIGeorge III17601760

    Prepared, sat in on Parliament, Strong KingPrepared, sat in on Parliament, Strong King

    11stst dutydutyEnd war W/ FranceEnd war W/ France

    King will run affairs not ParliamentKing will run affairs not Parliament By 1763 all political power comes from kingBy 1763 all political power comes from king

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    Albany Conference1754 IroquoisNation remain neutral

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    French & Indian WarFrench & Indian War

    Seven Years WarSeven Years War Who will control Ohio ValleyWho will control Ohio Valley

    Albany Conference 1754 Iroquois Nation

    remains neutral in conflict 17631763War ends, English victoryWar ends, English victory

    Treaty doesTreaty does NOTNOTallow English colonistsallow English colonistspast Appalachian mountainspast Appalachian mountainsProclamationProclamation

    Line of1763Line of1763 Sound decisionSound decisioncolonists had NOcolonists had NO

    protectionprotection

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    Sons of LibertySons of Liberty

    Revolutionary OrganizationRevolutionary Organization

    Sam Adams & James Otis leadersSam Adams & James Otis leaders

    Masters of propagandaMasters of propaganda Use violence to get your point acrossUse violence to get your point across

    Tar and feathered tax collectorsTar and feathered tax collectors

    Set up boycotts of taxable goodsSet up boycotts of taxable goods

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    Whats going on!!!!Whats going on!!!!

    Who has authority to make tax law?Who has authority to make tax law?

    Popular sovereignty vs. Royal sovereigntyPopular sovereignty vs. Royal sovereignty

    Stamp & Townsend ActsStamp & Townsend ActsColonists notColonists notopposed to taxationopposed to taxationjust want a say in itjust want a say in it

    George III repealed bothGeorge III repealed bothhe did not havehe did not have

    toto

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    Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

    March 1770March 1770British troops stationed inBritish troops stationed inBostonBoston

    Crowd gathers around armyCrowd gathers around army Snowballs w/rocks thrown at soldiersSnowballs w/rocks thrown at soldiers

    Shots firedShots fired5 civilians dead, 8 wounded5 civilians dead, 8 wounded

    Crispus Attucks 1Crispus Attucks 1stst to dieto die

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    Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

    Citizens of Boston furious.Sons of LibertyCitizens of Boston furious.Sons of Libertyfuel the flamesfuel the flames

    English repeal Townshend Acts (except taxEnglish repeal Townshend Acts (except taxon tea)on tea)

    Soldiers go on trialSoldiers go on trial

    John Adams represents British soldiersJohn Adams represents British soldiers

    Wins caseWins case

    Boston quiet for next 3 yearsBoston quiet for next 3 years

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    Gaspee AffairGaspee Affair

    Read the 3 paragraphs on page 127. BrieflyRead the 3 paragraphs on page 127. Brieflydescribe what occurred in June 1772, anddescribe what occurred in June 1772, and

    what the colonists created as a result.what the colonists created as a result.

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    Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

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    Tea PartyTea Party

    17731773king alters the tax on teaking alters the tax on tea Tax has to be paid on tea prior to it being soldTax has to be paid on tea prior to it being sold Any tea not sold in 20 days, becomes property ofAny tea not sold in 20 days, becomes property of

    British govtBritish govt Ship arrives in Boston port, Sons of Liberty will notShip arrives in Boston port, Sons of Liberty will not

    let it unloadlet it unload Sons of Liberty decides to destroy tea rather thanSons of Liberty decides to destroy tea rather than

    allow it to become British propertyallow it to become British property The ships captain has insurance; no loss to himThe ships captain has insurance; no loss to him No property other than tea damagedNo property other than tea damaged

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    Coercive ActsCoercive Acts

    Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts Enforce British will, punish coloniesEnforce British will, punish colonies

    June 1June 1stst 17741774Boston closed until tea paidBoston closed until tea paid

    forfor Raise troop strength to 10,000Raise troop strength to 10,000

    Troops quartered in private homes untilTroops quartered in private homes until

    barracks can be built (at towns expense)barracks can be built (at towns expense) All trials would be held in EnglandAll trials would be held in England

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    By winter residents of Boston burningBy winter residents of Boston burningfurniture for warmthfurniture for warmth

    1774Continental Congress1774Continental Congress meets; onlymeets; onlyGeorgia does not send delegatesGeorgia does not send delegates

    Nothing accomplished except to set up 2Nothing accomplished except to set up 2ndnd

    meetingmeeting

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    Lexington & ConcordLexington & Concord

    OnOn April 15April 15, 1775, The royal governor of, 1775, The royal governor ofMassachusetts, General Thomas Gage,Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage,

    ordered 700 British soldiers, toordered 700 British soldiers, to seize theseize thecolonists' military storescolonists' military stores in Concordin Concord

    Troops led by Lieutenant Colonel FrancisTroops led by Lieutenant Colonel FrancisSmith and Marine Major John PitcairnSmith and Marine Major John Pitcairn

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    Paul ReverePaul Revere

    Sons of Liberty prepared for British offensiveSons of Liberty prepared for British offensive

    Posted guards along route to ConcordPosted guards along route to Concord

    1 if by land, 2 by sea Boston steeple1 if by land, 2 by sea Boston steeple

    April 17, signal in steepleApril 17, signal in steeple

    Paul Revere & William Dawes warn the townPaul Revere & William Dawes warn the townBritish are comingBritish are coming

    Revere gets arrestedRevere gets arrested Dr.Samuel Prescott makes it all the way toDr.Samuel Prescott makes it all the way toConcordConcord

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    Major Pitcairn leads his men to LexingtonMajor Pitcairn leads his men to Lexington

    3 dozen3 dozen MinutemenMinutemen are waitingare waiting

    Shots fired!!!!!!!Shots fired!!!!!!!8 killed8 killed

    Minutemen fall backMinutemen fall back

    British march to ConcordBritish march to Concordno weapons foundno weapons found

    March back to BostonMarch back to Bostonminutemen hit and runminutemen hit and run

    tacticstactics250 British killed, 90 colonists250 British killed, 90 colonists

    WAR HAS BEGUNWAR HAS BEGUN

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    22ndnd Continental CongressContinental Congress

    May 1775 met in PhiladelphiaMay 1775 met in Philadelphia

    Official govt of coloniesOfficial govt of colonies

    1.1. Seek military alliancesSeek military alliancesBen FranklinBen Franklin2.2. Build armyBuild army

    3.3. Select military leaderSelect military leaderWashington orHoratioWashington orHoratioGatesGates

    4.4. Fight for Dominion StatusFight for Dominion Status

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    AmericansAmericans

    3 million people living in N. America3 million people living in N. America

    1/31/3rdrd propro--British Loyalists (Tories)British Loyalists (Tories)

    1/31/3rdrd apatheticapathetic--did not caredid not care 1/31/3rdrd PatriotsPatriots

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    AdvantagesAdvantages

    British1. Established army & navy2. More manpower

    3. More supplies4. Established chain ofcommand5.HessiansGerman allies

    Americans1. Closer to supplies

    2. Know the land

    3. Defending their homes4. Superb leadership

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    StandardStandard

    USHCUSHC--2.22.2 Explain the impact of theExplain the impact of theDeclaration of Independence and theDeclaration of Independence and the

    American Revolution on the AmericanAmerican Revolution on the Americancolonies and on the world at large. (H, P, E)colonies and on the world at large. (H, P, E)

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    Two Treatises on Government

    1690Discounts the divine rights of

    kingsPurpose of governmentPROTECTION of NATURALRIGHTS

    LifeLibertyfree choicePropertyown propertyJOHN LOCKE

    Read page 1064 & create a flow chart explaining Lockes ideas on government

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    If government does not protect your rights

    or becomes corrupt

    People create societies

    for mutual protectionmake sure we get naturalrights

    security

    prosperityoppression

    persecution

    Right of Revolution

    destroy existinggovernment

    Create a new government

    Society is a human creation

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    Common SenseCommon Sense

    Written by Thomas Paine (Jan.1776)Written by Thomas Paine (Jan.1776)

    Sold 100,000 copiesSold 100,000 copies

    Attacked King George III (Tyrant)Attacked King George III (Tyrant) Declare IndependenceDeclare Independence

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    Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

    An Enlightened DocumentAn Enlightened Document Ben Franklin,Ben Franklin, Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson, John Adams, John Adams

    PurposePurposeWe want the rest of the world to acceptWe want the rest of the world to acceptU.S.U.S.

    11stst sentence lays out the case for Independencesentence lays out the case for Independence 22ndnd sectionsectionPreamblePreambleWhat is governmentsWhat is governments

    jobjobAllAll menmen are created equalare created equal

    33rdrd sectionsectionIndictmentsIndictmentswhat thewhat the King ofKing of

    England didEngland did against natural rightsagainst natural rights 44thth sectionsectionSeparation dissolves the bond withSeparation dissolves the bond with

    EnglandEngland

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    WarWar

    Saratoga Oct.1777,Saratoga Oct.1777, Turning Point in WarTurning Point in War GeneralsGenerals: Major General John Burgoyne commanded the: Major General John Burgoyne commanded the

    British and German force. Major General Horatio GatesBritish and German force. Major General Horatio Gatesand Brigadier Benedict Arnold commanded the Americanand Brigadier Benedict Arnold commanded the American

    armyarmy 2,000 American soldiers at Saratoga2,000 American soldiers at Saratoga British pincher movementBritish pincher movementPhil., Buffalo, CanadaPhil., Buffalo, Canadatraptrap

    AmericansAmericans British plan falls apartBritish plan falls apart

    Battle beginsBattle begins GatesGates retreatsretreats----Col. Benedict Arnold leadsCol. Benedict Arnold leadstroops to victorytroops to victoryHEROHERO

    Turning point of warTurning point of war 11stst major victorymajor victory

    Franklin in FranceFranklin in FranceAllianceAlliance

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    General Burgoyne surrenders to General Gates

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    British move war to the SouthBritish move war to the SouthToriesTories

    Start in Georgia head north VICTORIES ALONG COASTStart in Georgia head north VICTORIES ALONG COAST

    Lord CornwallisLord CornwallisBritish commanderBritish commander

    Take Savannah, Charleston, moves inland takes CamdenTake Savannah, Charleston, moves inland takes Camden Horatio GatesHoratio GatesAmerican leader in south,American leader in south, FIREDFIRED

    Nathaniel Green sets up army in Western SCNathaniel Green sets up army in Western SC

    Francis Marion, Daniel Morgan, SharpshootersFrancis Marion, Daniel Morgan, Sharpshooters

    America controls the west, Cowpens, Kings Mountain,America controls the west, Cowpens, Kings Mountain,Guilford Courthouse (reading)Guilford Courthouse (reading)

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    British on the run, headed northBritish on the run, headed north

    Cornwallis heads to coastCornwallis heads to coastYorktown, waitYorktown, waitfor ships to pick up his menfor ships to pick up his men

    Nate Green from south, Washington fromNate Green from south, Washington fromnorth, France at seanorth, France at sea

    TRAPPEDTRAPPED

    October, 1781 British SurrenderOctober, 1781 British Surrender Treaty of ParisTreaty of ParisSeptember3, 1783September3, 1783

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    America needs a GovernmentAmerica needs a Government Articles ofConfederationArticles ofConfederationWeak Central GovtWeak Central Govt Maryland last state to ratify March 1, 1781Maryland last state to ratify March 1, 1781

    Once a year each state sends delegation to CapitalOnce a year each state sends delegation to Capital

    RightsRights Declare warDeclare war Raise armyRaise army

    Sign treatiesSign treaties

    Could not impose taxes or regulate tradeCould not impose taxes or regulate tradeHow do you pay an army with no $?How do you pay an army with no $?

    G. Washington I see one head turning into thirteenG. Washington I see one head turning into thirteen

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    IdentificationsIdentifications

    Period of Neglect George IIIPeriod of Neglect George IIIFrench & Indian War Townshend ActFrench & Indian War Townshend ActProclamation Line of1763 SaratogaProclamation Line of1763 SaratogaStamp Act 1Stamp Act 1stst & 2& 2ndnd Continental CongressContinental CongressBoston Massacre Sons of LibertyBoston Massacre Sons of LibertyPropaganda Boston Tea PartyPropaganda Boston Tea PartyCoercive Acts / Intolerable Acts MinutemenCoercive Acts / Intolerable Acts MinutemenLexington & Concord Nathaniel GreenLexington & Concord Nathaniel Green

    Declaration of Independence Daniel MorganDeclaration of Independence Daniel MorganFrancis Marion YorktownFrancis Marion YorktownLord CornwallisLord Cornwallis