SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION B.E. III … OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION B.E. III SEMESTER...

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION

B.E. III SEMESTER (2013-14)

Sl. No.

Subject Code

Subject Credits Hours/Week Examination Marks

Lecture Tutorial Practical CIE SEE Total1 UMA301C Mathematics – III (EC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100 2 UBT302C Microbiology (PC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100 3 UBT303C Cell Biology &

Genetics (PC) 3 3 0 0 50 50 100

4 UBT304C Biochemistry (PC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100 5 UBT311C Bioprocess Principles

and Calculations (PC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100

6 UBT312C Unit operations(PC) 3 3 0 0 50 50 100 7 UBT307L Biochemistry Lab 1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100 8 UBT308L Microbiology Lab 1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100 9 UBT310L Cell biology and

Genetics Lab 1 0 0 2 50 50 100

Total 26 22 0 8 450 450 900


B.E. IV SEMESTER (2013-14) Sl. No.

Subject Code


Lecture Tutorial Practical CIE SEE Total1 UBT401C Biostatistics & Bio-

modeling (EC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100

2 UBT402C Structural Biology (PC) 3 3 0 0 50 50 100 3 UBT404C Molecular Biology (PC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100 4 UBT412C Heat and Mass

Transfer(PC) 3 3 0 0 50 50 100

5 UBT413C Thermodynamics (PC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100 6 UBT406C Immunotechnology

(PC) 3 3 0 0 50 50 100

7 UBT410L Immunotechnology Lab 1 0 0 2 50 50 100 8 UBT408L Molecular biology Lab 1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100 9 UBT409L Unit Operations Lab 1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100

Total 25 21 0 8 450 450 900

UMA301C: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - III

4 Credits (4-0-0)

Unit-I Numerical Analysis: 14 Hours Roots of Equations: Motivation, Non computer methods for determining roots, roots of Equations and Engineering Practice, Mathematical background, goals and objectives: Bracketing Methods, Graphical Methods. The Bisection Method, The Newton – Raphson Method, Pitfalls of the Newton – Raphson Method: Multiple roots, Modified Newton – Raphson Method for multiple roots. Finite differences, Forward and Backward difference operators (No derivation on relation between operators). Newton-Gregory Forward and Backward interpolation formulae (without proof). Lagrange’s and Newton’s divided difference interpolation formulae (without proof). Numerical differentiation using Newton’s Forward and Backward formulae. Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s one third, Simpson’s three eighth rule and Weddle’s rule (no derivation of any formulae). Numerical solutions of first order ODE- Euler’s and Modified Euler’s Method, Runge Kutta 4th order Method, Milne’s Predictor and Corrector method (problems only).

Unit –II

Fourier Series, Fourier Transforms, Z-Transforms: 14 Hours

Periodic functions, Conditions for Fourier series expansions, Fourier series expansions of continuous functions and functions having infinite number of discontinuities, even and odd functions. Half-range series, Practical Harmonic Analysis. Infinite Fourier transforms and inverse Fourier transforms- simple properties, Complex Fourier transforms, Fourier sine and Fourier cosine transforms, Inverse Fourier sine and cosine transforms, Convolution theorem. Z-Transforms-definition, standard forms, linearity property, damping rule, shifting rule- problems.

Unit – III

Partial Differential Equations: 12 Hours

Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions, Solution of equation of the type : ,Pp Qq R+ = Charpit’s Method, Solution of PDE by the method of separation of variables. Derivation of one–dimensional heat and wave equations. Numerical solution (finite difference) of one-dimensional heat and wave equations by explicit method, Laplace equation by using standard five point formula.

Unit – IV

Linear Algebra: 12 Hours

Rank of a matrix by elementary transformations, Consistency of system of linear equations, Gauss-Seidel Method, Characteristic values and Characteristic Vectors of matrices (no theorems), Largest Eigen value and the corresponding Eigen Vector by Power Method.

Calculus of Variations: Variation of a function and a functional, Extremal of a functional, Variational problems, Euler’s equation, Standard variational problems including Geodesics, Minimal Surface of Revolution, Hanging Chain and Brachistochrone problems.

Total: 52 Hours

UBT302C: MICROBIOLOGY 4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT- 1

Introduction: 13 Hours Scope of microbiology, History of microbiology-Evolution of microbes, theory of biogenesis and abiogenesis. Contributions of Scientist for the development of microbiology. Microbial diversity & taxonomy, Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes. Microscopy: Principles and applications of Bright field microscopy, Dark-Field Microscopy, Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, Stereo microscopy, Confocal Microscopy and Electron microscopy (SEM & TEM).

UNIT- 2 13Hours Microorganisms: Bacteria- Morphology and ultrastructure of Bacteria, Culturing of bacteria, Types of media reproduction and growth (continuous and batch), Pure culture and cultural characteristics. Viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa, actinomycetes- structure, classification and modes of reproduction. Fastidious microorganisms. Microbial toxins. Microbial Techniques: Pure culture techniques- Aerobic and Anaerobic culture techniques. Staining techniques-principles of staining- theories of staining, simple, differential and structural staining. Enumeration of microorganisms- SPC and DMC. Biochemical methods for identification of bacteria.

UNIT- 3 Control of Microorganisms: 13 Hours Control of microorganisms by Physical methods and chemical methods, antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents and Phage biotics. Microbial Metabolism: Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration (definition, ex. glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, ETC), fermentation (acid and alcohol), EDP and PPP pathway. Medical Microbiology: Normal microflora, common diseases caused by microbes-pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control; Staphylococci, Tuberculosis, Syphillis, Typhoid, Rabies, AIDS, Polio, Malaria, and SARS, Hepatitis, Dengue and Ameobiosis.

UNIT- 4 13 Hours Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology: Microbiology of soil, Air and Aquatic Microbiology, Biofertilizer, Plant endophytes, Microbes in bioremediation and biocontrol agents. Industrial Microbiology: Microbial processes using yeasts and bacteria (production of alcohol, vinegar, cheese), Microbes as source of protein (SCP), gelatin agents (alginate, xanthin, agar agar) Microbial insecticides, Enzymes from Microbes (amylase, protease), Useful products from microorganisms using recombinant DNA technology (vaccines and antibiotics).

Total: 52 Hours

UBT303C: CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Cell structure and function: 10 Hours Historical perspectives and scope of cell biology, Cell theory. Ultra structure of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. Plasma membrane structural composition, organization and functions, Cell organelles and functions, Chromosome structure, Karyotyping and types (polytene and lampbrush chromosomes. heterochromatin and euchromatin), nucleosome organization.

UNIT 2

12 Hours Cell cycle and its regulation: Cell division-mitosis and meiosis & their significance, (gametogenesis) check points, cell division cycle genes, factors regulating M phase initiation, M phase kinase, activation and inactivation, monitoring of cell mass, programmed cell death (apoptosis). Cell Signaling-introduction, cellular communication, receptors and signaling pathways, regulation of cell surface receptors, activation of transcription factors, signal transduction and cytoskeleton

UNIT 3 Introductory genetics: 10 Hours History, nature and structure of genetic material, Classical experiments, DNA replication, ,Mendel’s laws of inheritance, complete and incomplete dominance, Gene interactions-supplementary, complimentary, epistasis-inhibitory. Multiple allelism, Chromosomal theory of inheritance Linkage, crossing over and mapping. QTL’s (Quantitative Trait Loci).

UNIT 4 10 Hours

Sex determination in plants and animals, Sex linked inheritance and chromosomal disorders (color blindness, haemophilia) cytoplasmic inheritance, Chromosomal aberrations: structural and numerical(aneuploidy in humans) and mutations, Population and Evolutionary genetics Hardy-Weinberg law, inbreeding and heterosis, factors affecting gene frequencies, evolution and theories, Eugenics.

Total: 42 Hours

UBT304C: BIOCHEMISTRY 4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1

Basic Concepts: 13 Hours Types of chemical reactions, pH, buffers and their properties, concentration of solutions. Stereo chemistry of carbon compounds Introduction to Bio-molecules: Structure, classification and properties of Carbohydrates, fats lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Structure and properties of phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids. Biologically important peptides.

UNIT 2 Principles of Bioenergetics: 13 Hours Energy flow cycle, energy conversion. Structure and properties of ATP, high energy compounds, coupling reactions of ATP & NDP (Nucleotide di phosphate). Photosynthesis- Photosystems I & II; Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation and respiration energetics. Calvin Cycle, Glyoxylate cycle, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Gluconeogenesis and regulation of gluconeogenesis. Aerobic and anaerobic pathway and regulation–Erlich and Cori (lactic acid) cycle. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism-Galactoseamia, Lactose intolerance, Glycogen storage disorder etc.

UNIT 3

Lipid Metabolism: 13 Hours Biosynthesis of fatty acids. cholesterol, phospholipids and glycolipids, Regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis, biodegradation of fatty acid, ketone bodies production during starving and diabetes. Disorders of lipid metabolism- Sphingolipidoses. Nucleic acid Metabolism: Biosynthesis of purines - origin of ring atoms, formation of IMP, conversion of IMP to AMP and GMP. De novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides - biosynthesis of UTP & CTP. Biodegradation of purines & pyrimidines. Recycling of Purine and Pyrimidine nucleotides by salvage pathways. Disorders of nucleic acid metabolism-Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome and Gout.

UNIT 4

Amino Acid Metabolism: 13 Hours Biosynthesis of amino acids starting from acetyl CoA (with reference to oxaloacetate family)-Aspartate,Asparagine,Methionine,Lysine, Threonine. Biodegradation of amino acids- deamination, transamination and urea cycle. Disorders of amino acid metabolism-Phenylketonuria, Albinism, Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Tyrosinemia.

Total: 52 Hours

UBT311C: BIOPROCESS PRINCIPLES AND CALCULATIONS

4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1 Units and Dimensions 13 hours Fundamental and derived quantities. Inter-conversion of units from one system to another. (FPS, CGS, MKS, SI). Basic Chemical Calculations: Concept of mole and molecule. Compositions of mixtures of solids, liquids and gases. Composition of mixtures and solutions: Percentage by weight, mole and volume; Normality, Molarity, Molality, and ppm. Introduction to Bioprocesses: Role of a bioprocess engineer in the biotechnology industry, outline of an integrated bioprocess and the various

(upstream and downstream) unit operations involved in bioprocesses; Generalized process flow sheet and unit operations in chemical and bioprocess industries; General material balance equation for steady and unsteady states.

UNIT 2

Material Balance without Chemical Reactions: 13 hours Generalized material balance equations for distillation, absorption, extraction, crystallization, mixing, drying and evaporation, Material balances calculation in Distillation, Absorption, Extraction, Crystallization, Drying, Mixing and Evaporation Operations, Material balances calculation involving bypass, recycle and purge operations. UNIT 3 Material Balance Involving Chemical Reactions: 13 hours Generalized material balance equations, Principles of stoichiometry, Definitions of limiting and excess reactants, fractions and percentage conversion, yield and percentage yield, Selectivity, unit process – neutralization, oxidation, hydrogenation, nitration, hydrolysis, esterification, alkylation and amination, problems relating to these unit processes. Fuels and combustion: Ultimate and Proximate analysis of fuels; Excess air and Air-fuel ratio.

UNIT 4 Energy Balance: 13 hours General energy balance equation for steady state. Thermo-physics and thermo-chemistry; Heat capacity, Estimation of heat capacity for solids, liquids, gases and their mixtures, Enthalpy, Standard heat of formation, Standard heat of reaction, Standard heat of combustion and calorific value. Calculation of delta HR at elevated temperature. . Stoichiometry of Microbial growth and Product formation Stoichiometry of cell Growth and Product Formation- elemental balances, degrees of reduction of substrate and biomass; available-electron balances; yield coefficients of biomass and product formation; maintenance coefficients. Total: 52 Hours

UBT312C: UNIT OPERATIONS 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics: 10 hours Brief introduction of Units, Dimensions, Basic and Derived units ,CGS, MKS, FPS and SI systems ,Dimensional Analysis, Types, Dimensional homogeneity, Dimensionless numbers, Renold’s no,Prantal no ,Grashaf no Etc, Procedure to solve dimensional analysis by Rayleigh’s method and problems .Step by step procedure for solving dimensional analysis for Buckingham’s pi theorem and selecting the repeating variables Solving problems on Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham’s-pi theorem Similitude. Types of similitude Geometric ,kinematics’ and dynamics and model analysis Fluid definition and classification (Types of fluids – Newtonian and Non Newtonian) properties of fluids, flow of fluids ( laminar and Turbulent ) Pressure measurement – Manometers and mechanical gauges , equations on U- tube manometer problems on manometer, Statement of Pascal’s and Hydrostatic law ,derivation of both Basic equations of fluid flow - Continuity equation ,problems on continuity equations, Discharge.

UNIT 2 Flow measurements: 10 hours Statement and derivation of Bernoulli equations with assumptions for ideal and non- ideal fluids, Problems on Bernoulli’s equations Flow through circular conduits ,major and minor losses ,loss of head due to friction, Flow past immersed bodies ,drag ,lift forces.Flow measurement devices ,classification –variable head meter and variable area meter ,Constriction ,application and derivation of Orifice meter,Venturimeter ,and Pitot’s tube. problems Constriction and application of Rota meter and advantages and disadvantages of orifice ,venturi and Rotameter. Pumps, Types of pumps, constriction and working of Centrifugal pump and Reciprocating pumps

advantages and disadvantages of pumps, Characteristics of centrifugal pumps, Cavitation, NPSH, Priming of pump.

UNIT 3 Filtration & Agitation and Mixing: 10 hours Filtration, Types of filtration, Calculation of resistances and rate of filtration, Classification of filtration , selection of filter press ,equipments- plate and frame filter press, constriction and working of Rotary Drum filter constriction and working Theory of mixing and Agitation ,types ,principals and operations Dimensions analysis Power number calculations Mixing equipments, Power number calculations, numerical.

UNIT 4 Mechanical operation: 10 hours Flow of Solids through Stagnant Fluids, Settling, Free and Hindered, Terminal settling velocity Derivation of Stoke’s law ,and Newton’s law Explanation of Batch sedimentation test, Batch sedimentation theory (Kynch theory), determination of Thickner area design ,problems Characteristic of solids, Particle shape, size, Spericity,Various calculation of paratical sizes,Sieve analysis ,screen ,mesh no, ideal and actual screen, effectiveness of screen and screen blinders Differential and cumulative analysis Problems on screen analysis ,average particle size, mass mean dia, volume mean diameter etc,Size reduction ,principles and classification of size reduction equipments,Laws of size reduction ,problems Constriction and working of crushers and Ball mill, critical speed of the ball mill. Total: 40 Hours

UBT307L: BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

1. pH measurements, volume / weight measurements, concentration units, Specificity, precision, accuracy,

2. Reagent preparation and preparation of buffers of constant strength. 3. Titration of amino acids with acids & bases. 4. Qualitative tests for carbohydrate and lipids. 5. Qualitative tests for amino acids and proteins. 6. Estimation of sugar by Folin and O-toluene method. 7. Estimation of amino acid by ninhydrin method. 8. Determination of Saponification value of lipids. 9. Determination of Iodine value of lipid. 10. Determination of acetyl value of a lipid. 11. Estimation of urea by diacetyl monooxime method. 12. Estimation of iron from hemoglobin. 13.Protein estimation by Lowry’s method

UBT308L: MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY 1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

1. Study of microscopes: Types, working principle, parts of the microscope, handling (operating) & caring. 2. Media preparation : NA, Peptone broth, PDA, Blood agar 3. Isolation of bacteria by serial dilution, pour plate ,spread plate and streak plate techniques 4. Isolation of bacteria and fungi from different sources 5. Study of colony characteristics and Morphology of bacteria, yeasts and fungi. 6. Study of different staining techniques. (Simple staining differential staining, negative staining, 7. Study of structural staining techniques ( spore, capsule) 8. Enumeration of microorganisms using colony counter 9. Identification of bacteria by biochemical tests, IMVIC, Gelatin hydrolysis, catalase, oxidase, starch

hydrolysis. Fermentation of Carbohydrates (gas production) 10. Growth curve of bacteria and yeast. 11. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria. 12. Observation of motility by hanging drop technique. 13. Anaerobic culture techniques.

UBT310L: CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS LABORATORY

1 Credits (0-0-2)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS LABORATORY

1. Observation of different types of cells 2. Study of fixatives and stains: Preparation of formaldehyde, alcohol, Carnoys fluid Acetocarmine,

Acetoorcein, Geimsa’s stains, 3. Squash preparation of onion root tips to study the stages of mitosis 4. Study of meiosis in onion flower buds/grasshopper testis 5. Permanent slide preparations. 6. Study of polytene chromosome in salivary gland of Chironomous larvae 7. Cell counting method (s) by Haemocytometer and viability cell count. 8. Measurement of cell mass by turbidity 9. Study of micrometry- yeast and onion epidermal cells 10. Chromosome analysis & Karyotype study 11. Chromosome doubling in the cells by colchicine treatment 12. Study of reproductive structures in plants 13. Study of mendelian laws(Numericals).

B.E. IV SEMESTER UBT401C: BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOMODELING

4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1 Introduction and bi-variate distribution: 13 Hours Scope of biostatistics, presentation of data, graphs, charts (scale diagram, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, logarithmic curves). Sampling & selection bias, probability sampling, random sampling, sampling designs. Measure of central tendency (arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median, , mode); Measure of dispersion (range, quartile deviation, mean deviation and standard deviation, coefficient of variation). Correlation and linear regression analysis, curve fitting (linear, Non-Linear and exponential).

UNIT 2 Probability and Probability Distributions: 13 Hours Axioms, models, Bayes rule, conditional probability Discrete probability distributions - Binomial, Poisson, geometric – derivations. Central limit theorem. Continuous probability distribution – normal, gamma distributions, beta and Weibull distributions, T & F distributions, parallel line, probit analysis.

UNIT 3 Statistical Inference and Design of Experiments: 13 Hours Estimation theory and testing of hypothesis, point estimation, interval estimation, sample size determination, parametric and non-parametric distributions (T-test, F-test, Chi Squared distribution, goodness of fit test) Sample surveys, comparisons groups and randomization, random assignments, single and double blind experiments, blocking and extraneous Variables, limitations of experiments. Analysis of variance (one-way and two-way Classifications). Case studies of statistical designs of biological experiments (RCBD, CRD).

UNIT 4 Bio-modeling: 13 Hours Microbial Growth in a Chemo-stat, Growth Equations of Microbial Populations, product formation models, Models of Commensalisms, Batch culture model, Mutualism, Predation and Mutation. Simple Prey predator model, Volterra’s Model for n Interacting Species. Basic Models for Inheritance, Applications of probability in genetics, Hardy - Weinberg law. Selection and Mutation Models, Genetic Inbreeding Models. Dose response studies.

Total: 52 Hours

UBT402C: STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Introduction: 10 Hours Levels of molecular organization, structure of water, electrolytes, Chirality of Biological molecules; Brief discussions on: Amino acids, Nucleic acids, Adenylates, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Cofactors, Vitamins, and Hormones. Structure of Nucleic Acids: Structural geometries of nucleic acids,glycosidic bond, rotational isomers tertiary structure of DNA and preferred torsion angles , Intra-molecular interactions. Melting of the DNAdouble helix (Hyperchromicity), Interaction with small ions. Ribose puckering and Tertiary structure of tRNA. Chelating agents

UNIT 2 Structure of Proteins: 10 Hours Composition and primary structures of proteins, Conformational analysis and forces that determine protein structures, geometries, phi, psi, omega angles, Ramachandran diagram, allowed chi angles of side chains in proteins, hydrogen bonding, disulphide bonds, Vanderwaal’s force , salt bridges hydrophobic interactions, alpha helices, beta sheets, helix to coil transition, general features and thermodynamic aspects of protein folding,

folding kinetics, protein-ligand interactions (Examples of biomolecular interactions), Scatchard plot, cooperative interactions, allosteric effects, Hill constant; Antibodies and antigens, fibrous proteins (structure of collagen, keratin). Quaternary structures; Protein folds.

UNIT 3 Biophysical Techniques: 10 Hours Rayleigh scattering, ultra centrifugation, viscometry. Electron microscopy, (TEM, STM, AFM), luminescence (fluorescence & phosphorescence), Calorimetry (DSC), Mass spectrometry (LC-MS,,GC –MS, MALDI-TOF), Voltage Clamp and Patch Clamp,

UNIT 4 Spectroscopic Techniques: 10 Hours X-ray crystallography: structure determination via single crystal diffraction, Fibre diffraction; Neutron diffraction. XAFS. NMR spectroscopy (structure determination). Optical Activity, CD, UV-Visible spectroscopy, IR , Laser Raman, ESR/EPR. Radiation Biology: Radioactivity (Natural, Artificial), Autoradiography, Biological effects of radiation. Total: 40 Hours

UBT404C: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1 Introduction: 13 Hours Genes and their location. Information flow in biological systems: central dogma, updated central dogma. Structures and forms of nucleic acids – DNA and types of RNA, Biosignalling-molecular mechanism. Reverse genetics, Genetic code-its features, codon and anticodon. Replication: Replication-basic concepts, structure and function of DNA polymerases, ligases, helicase. Models of replication, mechanism of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, End replication problem in eukaryotes, telomerase and its role, DNA damage & Repair (Photo reactivation, excision repair, recombinational repair, SOS repair).

UNIT 2 Transcription: 13 Hours Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Bacterial RNA polymerase, structure and function of RNA polymerases (prokaryotes & eukaryotes), general transcription factors, post transcriptional processing, transcription inhibitors, Si RNA, antisense RNA. Translation: Protein synthesis: Initiators, Elongation factors, termination codons, Mechanism of translation, Structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes, Post translational modification and protein targeting, protein splicing. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis, inhibitors of translation.

UNIT 3 Gene Expression in Prokaryotes: 13 Hours Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes: Operon model-structure and function, galactose and lactose operon, tryptophan Operon-regulation by attenuation mechanism; positive versus negative regulation, cyclic AMP effect/catabolite repression. Gene Expression in Eukaryotes: Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression, hormonal regulation- peptide and steroid hormones, transcriptional control, super secondary structures-Helix turns Helix. Zinc fingers and Leucine Zippers. Gene silencing- methylation, chromatin modification.

UNIT 4 Transposons and Oncogenes: 13 Hours Transposons-replicative and non replicative mechanisms, Insertion sequences,AC/DS elements, transposition in maize (Mc Clintock’s work), cut and paste transposition, Oncogenes and protooncogenes,v-onc and src-onc, tumour suppressor genes, oncogene expressed protein, retroviruses and its life cycle. Genetic Recombination: Genetic recombination in bacteria- transformation, transduction and recombination, Mechanism of recombination-homologous (Holliday model), site specific recombination, double strand break repair model.

Total: 52 Hours

UBT412C: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 Introduction To Heat Transfer: 10 hours Brief introduction about Heat transfer, Modes of heat transfer; Conduction, convection and radiation, Conduction – steady state heat conduction through uni-layer and multilayer plane wall, Problems on steady state heat conduction through uni-layer and multilayer plane wall, steady state heat conduction through Plane and composite Cylinder, Problems on steady state heat conduction through Plane and composite Cylinder, Insulation – types, critical radius, Optimum thickness of insulation Forced and Natural convection; Significance of Dimensionless numbers (Nu, Gr, Pr, Re, Pe numbers only)Heat transfer without phase change, Individual and overall heat transfer concepts of film heat transfer coefficients, heat transfer in laminar and turbulent flow inside closed conducts, Problems.

UNIT 2 Heat Transfer Equipments: 10 hours Equations and numerical problem for calculations of film heat transfer coefficients Heat transfer with phase change - Condensation – film wise and drop wise Heat transfer with phase change Boiling – types of boiling Types of flow Co current and counter current flow. Individual and overall Heat transfer coefficients, LMTD Problems on Individual and overall Heat transfer coefficients Elementary design of double pipe heat exchanger Elementary design of Shell and tube heat exchanger Problems on Elementary design of double pipe heat exchanger Problems on Elementary design of Shell and tube heat exchanger,Numericals.

UNIT 3

Basics of Mass Transfer: 10 hours Brief introduction of Mass transfer , Distillation, Extraction ,Adsorption ,absorption drying and crystallization, Diffusion - Fick’s law of diffusion. Measurement of diffusivity, Mass transfer coefficients ,Individual and Overall Mass Transfer Co-efficient., VLE ,T-xy, P-xy, x-y equilibrium diagram Raoults Law, Dalton’s law Numerical ,Drying, drying rate, Drying curve Various Definition of Drying,numericals, Principles of: Extraction, Adsorption, applications and Absorption Typical equipments

UNIT 4 Mass Transfer operations: 10 hours Distillation –Methods of distillation ,Simple, Flash distillation of binary mixtures Steam Distillation and Extractive, Azeotropic distillation, Minimum and maximum boiling mixture ,relative volatility, fractionation of binary mixtures Step by step procedure to find no of theoretical plates by McCabe Thiele method Problems on McCabe Thiele method.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT413C: THERMODYNAMICS 4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1

Basic Concepts: 13 Hours System, Surrounding and Processes, Closed and Open systems, State and Properties, Intensive and Extensive Properties, State and Path functions, Equilibrium State and Phase rule, Zeroth law of Thermodynamics, Heat reservoir and Heat engines, Reversible and Irreversible processes. First law of Thermodynamics: General statement of First Law of Thermodynamics, First law for cyclic processes. Non-flow processes, flow processes. PVT Behavior: PVT Behavior of pure fluids, Equations of State and Ideal gas law, Processes involving ideal gas law: Constant volume, constant pressure and constant temperature, adiabetic and polytrophic processes.

UNIT 2 Second Law of Thermodynamics: 13 Hours General statements of the second law, Concept of entropy, The Carnot principle, Calculation of entropy changes, Clausius inequality, Entropy and Irreversibility, Third law of Thermodynamics. Properties of Pure Fluids: Reference properties, Energy properties, Derived properties, Work function, Gibbs free energy, Relationships among Thermodynamic Properties: Exact differential equations, fundamental property relations, Maxwell's equations, Clapeyron equations, Entropy heat capacity relations, modified equations for internal energy (U) & enthalpy (H), Effect of temperature on U, H & Entropy (S), Relationships between Cp & Cv, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.

UNIT 3 Fugacity: 13 Hours Fugacity, Fugacity coefficient, effect of temperature and pressure on fugacity, Determination of fugacity of pure gases, Fugacities of solids and liquids, Activity: Effect of temperature and pressure on activity. Thermodynamic diagrams. Properties of Solutions: Partial molar properties, Chemical potential, Fugacity in solutions, Henry’s law and dilute solutions, Activity in solutions, Activity coefficients, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Property changes of mixing, Excess properties.

UNIT 4 Phase Equilibria: 13 Hours Criteria of Phase equilibria, Criterion of stability, Duhem’s theorem, Vapour Liquid Equilibria, VLE in ideal solutions, Non-ideal solutions, VLE at low pressures, VLE at high pressure, Calculation of activity coefficients using Gibbs – Duhem equation, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium diagrams. Biochemical equillibria: Criteria of biochemical reaction equilibrium, Equilibrium constant and Standard free energy change, Effect of temperature, pressure on equilibrium constants and other factors affecting equilibrium conversion.

Total: 52 Hours

UBT406C: IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

The immune system: 10Hours Introduction, Cells and Organs of the immune system: Lymphoid cells, phagocytes, mast cells and dendritic cells. Primary (thymus, bonemarrow and lymphatic system) and secondary Lymphoid organs(lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, CALT). Innate and adaptive immunity. Antigens, Antibodies, Complement system-complement activation,(classical, alternative and lectin pathway) regulation and biological consequences of compliment activation. Cytokines and their role in immune response.

UNIT 2 Humoral and cell mediated immunity: 10Hours Introduction to humoral and cell mediated immunity. B-lymphocytes and their activation; Basic structure of immuno globulins; immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD and IgM) and biological activity. Antigenic determinants on immunoglobulin’s- Isotype, Allotype and Idiotype. Thymus derived lymphocytes (T cells) and types, T-cell maturation and activation, mechanisms of T cell activation. Cell death and T-cell populations. Major Histocompatibility Complex and antigen presentation. Antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mechanism of phagocytosis.

UNIT 3 Immunological disorders: 10Hours Hypersensitivity reactions and its types. Autoimmune disorders- Organ specific, Systemic Autoimmune diseases, Animal models for autoimmune diseases and treatment of autoimmune disease. Primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders (AIDS). Transplantation Immunology: immunological basis of graft rejection, Types of transplantations. Vaccines: Active and Passive immunization. Designing vaccines for active immunization: Live, attenuated vaccines. Inactive vaccines, subunit vaccines, recombinant vector vaccines and DNA vaccines.

UNIT 4

Immunodiagnosis: 10Hours Antigen-antibody reactions- Precipitation reactions, agglutination reactions, Blood typing A, B, ABO & Rh. Principal and applications of ELISA, Radio immuno assay (RIA), western blot analysis, immuno-electrophoresis, Immunofluorescence. Non-isotopic methods of detection of antigens - enhanced chemiluminescence assay. Purification and synthesis of antigens. Immuno-informatics.

Total: 40 hours

UBT410L: IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY 1 Credits (0-0-2)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

1. Agglutination Technique: Blood group identification and Rh factor 2. Laboratory diagnosis of diseases-Widal test (Tube agglutination) and VDRL 3. Ouchterlony Double Diffusion (ODD) 4. Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) 5. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CCIEP) 6. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIEP) 7. Western blot (IGg Purification) 8. ELISA/ DOT Blot. 9. Quantitative precipitin assay (QPA). 10. Separation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood.

UBT408L: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY

1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY

1. Isolation of genomic DNA (plant / animal/ microbial sources) 2. Isolation RNA from plant source. 3. Isolation of plasmid DNA from E. coli. 4. Agarose gel electrophoresis and quantification of nucleic acids (Colorimetric, ethidium bromide dot blot

and standard DNA marker) 5. Estimation of DNA by diphenyl method. 6. Estimation of RNA by orcinol method 7. Purity of nucleic acids, protein by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. 8. Study of Transformation (Demo experiment) 9. Study of conjugation in E. coli cells. 10. Isolation of mutants. 11. Native-PAGE. 12. PCR (Demo experiment)

UBT409L: UNIT OPERATIONS LABORATORY 1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN UNIT OPERATIONS LABORATORY

1. Friction in circular and non-circular pipes 2. Flow rate measurement using Orifice meter 3. Flow rate measurement using Venture meter 4. Batch sedimentation test 5. Constant pressure /constant filtration using leaf filter 6. Verification of Stoke’s law in Free / Hindered settling 7. Determination of screen effectiveness and sieve analysis 8. Verification of Bernoulli’s theorem 9. Unsteady state flow 10. Study of pump characteristics 11. Study of packed bed characteristics

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION B.E. V SEMESTER (2013-14)current

Sl. No.

Subject Code


Lecture Tutorial Practical CIE SEE Total1 UBT501C Enzyme kinetics(PC) 3 3 0 0 50 50 100 2 UBT503C Bioinformatics(PC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100 3 UBT504C Genetic Engineering &

Applications(PC) 4 4 0 0 50 50 100

4 UBT505H Industrial Management & Entrepreneurship

3 3 0 0 50 50 100

5 UBT516C Bioprocess & Reaction Engg. (PC)

4 4 0 0 50 50 100

6 UBT521E Elective –1 3 3 0 0 50 50 100 7 UBT508L Bioinformatics Lab 1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100 8 UBT509L Genetic Engineering

Lab 1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100

Total 24.0 21 0 6 400 400 800 Elective -1 UBT521E Environmental BT UBT523E Operating system and DBMS UBT522E Biomedical Instrumentation UBT524E Bio-fuels


B.E. VI SEMESTER (2013-14) Sl. No.

Subject Code


Lecture Tutorial Practical CIE SEE Total1 UBT612C Bio-transformation &

Enzyme Technology (PC)

4 4 0 0 50 50 100

2 UBT605H Bioethics and biosafety

3 3 0 0 50 50 100

3 UBT603C Plant and animal cell culture techniques (PC)

3 3 0 0 50 50 100

4 UBT604C Bioprocess Equipment Design & Drawing (PC)

4 4 0 0 50 50 100

5 UBT62XE Elective-3 3 3 0 0 50 50 100 6 UBT62XE Elective – 2 3 3 0 0 50 50 100 7 UBT608L Bio-kinetics &

Enzyme Technology Lab

1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100

Total 21.5 20 0 3 350 350 700 Elective- 2 UBT621E Microbial BT UBT623E Plant BT UBT622E Genomics & Proteomics UBT624E Animal BT UBT625E Biofuels technology UBT 626E Pearl programming UBT 627E Tissue engineering UBT 628E Transport phenomena

UBT501C: ENZYME KINETICS

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMES: 10 Hours Definition, Classification of Enzymes; Chemical nature and properties of Enzymes, Factors affecting Enzyme activities, Active site, allosteric site, coenzymes and co factors. Isoenzymes, Units of Enzyme activity. .

UNIT 2

ENZYMATIC TECHNIQUES: 10 Hours Strategies of purification of enzymes, criteria of purity, molecular weight determination and characterization of enzymes. Enzyme assay, continuous and discontinuous assay (with 2 examples – LDH & CK)

UNIT 3

ENZYME SPECIFICITY: 10 Hours Types of Enzyme specificities. Enzyme substrate reactions. Mechanism of enzyme action- lock and key model, Induced fit hypothesis, substrate strain theory (with lysozyme as a typical example). Enzyme kinetics Derivations of Km value (Michaelis-Menton constant), Lineweaver-Burk plot., velocity, rate of reaction, order, free energy of activation, zero order, and first order. Mechanism of Enzyme catalysis - Acid-Base catalysis, covalent catalysis and -entropy effect. and Enzyme inhibition,

UNIT 4

MULTI-SUBSTRATE REACTIONS: 10 Hours Regulation of enzyme activity, Allosteric regulation, feed back regulation, cascade system (genetic regulation), Introduction to enzyme catalyzed reaction Ping-pong mechanism, Sequential mechanism (ordered and random), Enzyme models - Host guest complexation chemistry.

Total: 40hours

UBT503C: BIOINFORMATICS 4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1

DATABASES&TOOLS: 13 Hours Introduction to bioinformatics, meaning of databases, types of databases. The nucleotide and protein sequence Databases: GenBank, DDBJ and EMBL. Primary and Secondary Databases; File format, contents, search of databases- Gene bank flat file. Protein Data Bank (PDB) flat file; FASTA Format, PIR Format; Structure file formats, PDBSUM, PDB Lite, MMDB, SCOP, Specialized databases: NCBI, PubMed, OMIM, Medical databases and KEGG. SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT AND DATABASE SEARCHES Introduction-The evolutionary basis of sequence alignment, the Modular Nature of proteins, Database similarity searching, FASTA, BLAST. PSI-BLAST & PHI-BLAST. Pair wise and multiple alignments of sequences, progressive alignment methods, CLUSTAL-W, Motifs and Patterns, PROSITE, 3DPSSM, DOT PLOT, Optimal Alignment Methods- dynamic programming, e-value, gap penalties, insertions and deletions in sequences.

UNIT 2 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS: 13Hours Introduction, concepts of trees, phylogenetic trees and multiple alignments. Distance matrix method (MD), character based methods, methods of evaluating phylogenesis, summary of the phylogenetic methods. Steps in constructing alignments and phylogenesis. Phylogenetic softwares (CLUSTAL W, PHYLIP etc), PREDICTIVE METHODS Predictive Methods using Nucleotide sequences: Framework, Masking repetitive DNA, Database searches, Codon Bias Detection, Detecting Functional Sites in the DNA (promoters, transcription factor binding sites, translation initiation sites), Integrated Gene Parsing, finding RNA Genes, Web based tools (GENSCAN, GRAIL, GENEFINDER). Predictive Methods using Protein sequences: Protein Identity based on composition, Physical properties Based on sequence, secondary structure and folding classes, specialized structures or features, tertiary structure. Related web based software (JPRED, PROSEC, NNPREDICT and SOPMA)

UNIT 3 PLASMID MAPPINGAND PRIMER DESIGN: 13Hours Restriction mapping, Utilities, DNA strider, Mac Vector and OMIGA, gene construction KIT, Web based tools (MAP, REBASE); Primer design – need for tools, Primer design programs and software (PRIME3). GENOME BIOINFORMATICS: Sequencing methods, Bioinformatics tools and automation in Genome Sequencing, analysis of raw genome sequence data, Utility of EST database in sequencing, Bioinformatics in detection of Polymorphisms, SNPs and their relevance, Bioinformatics tools in microarray data analysis. Tools for comparative genomics: BLAST2, AVID, Vista, MUMmer, COG, VOG. Qualitative discussions on Machine Learning Tools (Artificial Intelligence, Genetic algorithm and neural networks).

UNIT 4

MOLECULAR VISUALIZATION: 13Hours Scope and applications of insilico modeling in modern biology. Comparative modeling, constructing an initial model, refining the model, manipulating the model; molecular superposition and structural alignment, concept of energy minimization. Graphical representation of molecular structures: small molecules (low molecular weight – peptides, nucleotides, disaccharides, simple drugs molecules) and macromolecules (high molecular weight molecules- proteins, DNA, RNA, membrane proteins). Usages of visualization software available in public domain like VMD, Rasmol, Spdb Viewer, and Cn3D. INSILICO DRUG DESIGN: Molecular modeling in drug discovery, deriving bioactive conformations, molecular docking, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), deriving the Pharmacophoric Pattern, Receptor Mapping, Estimating Biological Activities, Ligand - Receptor Interactions: Docking softwares (AUTODOCK, HEX) Calculation of Molecular Properties, Energy Calculations (no derivation).

Total: 52 hours UBT504C: GENETIC ENGINEERING & APPLICATIONS

4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION 13Hours Role of genes within cells, genetic elements that control gene expression, Tools of genetic engineering- vectors in recombinant DNA technology, biology and salient features of vectors, types of vectors - plasmids, cosmids, phages and viruses. ENZYMES IN GENETIC ENGINEERING

Introduction- Restriction Endonucleases-classification, mode of action, applications. Enzymes used in nucleic acid modification – Alkaline phosphatase,Polynucleotide phosphorylase , DNase, polynucleotide Kinase, Ligases, RNase,terminal deoxy nucleotidyl transferase,s1 nuclease,T4 DNA polymerase,Poly A polymerase.

UNIT 2

NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION AND AMPLIFICATION 13Hours Methods of nucleic acid detection, Fluorescent In situ hybridization(FISH), colony hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), its types and applications, methods of nucleic acid hybridization- probe and target sequences, Southern, Western and Northern hybridization techniques. CONSTRUCTION OF DNA LIBRARIES Isolation and purification of nucleic acids, quantification, Isolation of plasmids, Construction of cDNA, genomic and cDNA libraries, screening and preservation of libraries.

UNIT 3 GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES 13Hours Gene transfer techniques in plants, animals and microbes –Transformation, microinjection, electroporation, microprojectile system, and liposome mediated transfer, embryonic stem cell method etc. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in plants – Ti & Ri Plasmid: structure and functions, Ti based vectors-Binary vectors and Cointegrate vectors. TRANSGENIC SCIENCE AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT Transgenic science in plant improvement, biopharming – plants as bioreactors, transgenic crops for increased yield, Antisense RNA technology (Flavr savr tomatoes). Application of plant transformation for productivity and performance – Herbicide resistance - glyphosate. insect resistance - Bt genes ( Bacillus thuringiensis and its mode of action), Cry proteins – mechanism of action. Transgenic for disease resistance- coat protein mediated, PR proteins. Abiotic stress – drought and salinity.

UNIT 4 GENE THERAPY 13 Hours Introduction, Methods of Gene therapy-gene targeting, gene augmentation, assisted killing, prodrug therapy and gene silencing. Gene therapy in the treatment of cancer, SCID, muscular dystrophy, Use of genetically modified and humanized antibodies against cell surface antigens to prevent the spread of breast cancers and prevent organ graft rejection. Use of thrombolytic agents in blood clotting. Challenges in gene therapy. OTHER APPLICATIONS Microbial biotechnology - Genetic manipulation, engineering microbes for the production of Insulin, growth hormones, monoclonal antibodies.

Total: 52 hours UBT505H: INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS: 10 hours Concept & definition of Management, Social Responsibilities of Management, and Pioneers in Management: Contributions of Taylor, Henry Taylor, Gilberth & Mayo, Schools of Management thought: Management process school, Empirical School, Human Behavior School, Social system school, Systems approach school and decision theory school. Selection of site for the plant and plant layout, plant operation and control, utilities, structural design, storage, material handling Entrepreneurship, Sources of capital. Definition and functions of administration. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Concept of authority and responsibility.

UNIT 2

QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES IN MANAGERIAL DECISIONS: 10 hours Concept of productivity, measuring productivity, concept of budget, effective budgetary control, ABC analysis, break even analysis, product life cycle, promotion of sales, pricing, "EOQ”model. Production costs (including raw materials, and repair, operating supplies, power and other utilities, royalties, etc.), fixed charges (including depreciation, taxes, insurance, rental costs etc.).

UNIT 3

PRODUCTION AND MATERIAL MANAGEMENT: 10 hours Types of production, types of planning, manufacturing planning, factory planning, production planning, method study, systems of wage payments, bonus, automation, organization of production, planning. Functions of purchasing & materials management, quality, quality standard & inspection, sources of supply, pricing, principles & practices, Inventory management.

UNIT 4

ENTREPRENEURSHIP& PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT: 10 hours Meaning of entrepreneur, evaluation of the concept, function of entrepreneur, evolution of entrepreneurship, development of entrepreneurship, stages in entrepreneurial process, role of entrepreneurs in economic development entrepreneurship- its barriers. Recruitment and selection. Training of personnel. Employer - Employee relationship. Settlement of disputes.

Total: 40 hours

UBT516C: BIOPROCESS & REACTION ENGINEERING 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Introduction: 10 hours Law of mass action and rate equation, definitions and examples of elementary and non elementary reactions, theories of reaction rate and temperature dependency, analysis of experimental reactor data: evaluation of rate equation, integral and deferential analysis for constant volume system. Conceptual numerical. Biochemical Equilibria: Equilibrium in chemically reactive systems (single and multiple reactions), evaluation of reaction equilibrium constant, effect of temperature on equilibrium- derivation of G vs. T relation, application of above concepts to biochemical systems. Conceptual numerical.

UNIT 2

Bioreactors: 10 hours

Design equations for homogeneous systems: batch, stirred tank and tubular flow reactor, size comparison of reactor systems, combination reactor systems. Optimization of output and yield problems, qualitative design for consecutive, parallel and mixed reactions. Factors affecting choice of reactors. Conceptual numerical. Non-Ideal Bioreactors: Non-ideal reactors, residence time distribution studies, pulse and step input response of reactors, RTD’s for CSTR and PFR, calculations of conversions for first order reactions, tanks in series and dispersion models. Conceptual numerical.

UNIT 3

Kinetics of Microbial Growth and Product Formation: 10 hours

Yields in cell culture, Cell growth kinetics: Batch growth, Balanced Growth: Monod equation, Effects of substrate concentration, Production kinetics in cell culture: Directly/ indirectly coupled with energy metabolism, Not coupled with energy metabolism. Kinetics of substrate uptake in cell culture: in the absence/ in association of product formation. Effect of culture conditions on cell Kinetics. Determining cell kinetic parameters from batch data, rates of growth, product formation and substrate uptake, cell doubling time µmax, and Ks with with conceptual numerical. Effect of maintenance on yields. Observed yields, Biomass/ product yield from substrate, product yield from biomass, Leudeking-Piret models. Kinetics of cell death with conceptual numerical.

UNIT 4

Thermodynamics of microbial growth: 10 hours

Energetic analysis of microbial growth and product formation, Heat of reaction with oxygen as/ not as principal electron acceptor. Energy balance equation for cell culture. Transport Phenomena In Biochemical Reactors: Mass Transfer in heterogeneous biochemical reaction systems. Oxygen transfer in submerged fermentation processes; oxygen uptake rates and determination of oxygen transfer coefficients (KLa); role of aeration and agitation in oxygen transfer. Total: 40hours

UBT521E: ENVIRONMENTAL BT

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 MICROORGANISMS 10 Hours Overview of microorganisms, issues and scope of Environmental BT. Characteristics of soil, microbial flora of soil, interactions among soil microorganisms, biogeochemical role of soil microorganisms. BIOACCUMULATION OF TOXICANTS Characteristics of Xenobiotics, Relationship of Bioaccumulation with Chemical Structure, Ecophysiology of Bioaccumulation, Process of toxicants uptake, Factors affecting bioaccumulation, measurement of bioaccumulation.

UNIT 2 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER 12Hours Waste water characteristics, , BOD, COD, Primary & Secondary treatment, Microbial removal of phosphorous and Nitrogen, Nutrient removal by Biomass production Wastewater treatment of food processing industries like sugar factories, vegetable oil industries, potato processing industries, dairy industries, beverages industries, and distilleries. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Basic aspects, general composition of urban solid wastes, aerobic treatment, anaerobic treatment, biogas generation; Solid waste management through Biotechnological processes involving Hazardous wastes, Biomedical wastes

UNIT 3 BIOLEACHING & BIOMINING 10 Hours Microbes in Bioleaching- types, methods of bioleaching, Microbial recovery of metal, phosphate, petroleum.

BIOFUELS Defination, Renewable and non renewable resources. Adavantages & dis advantages of biofuels. .Bio-fuel feed stocks –sugar, starch, cellulose, lipid. Types of Biofuel – first, second and third generation .Technologies for bio-fuel production- transesterification, gassification,. Issues of biofuel production & its use. Microbial fuel cells.

UNIT 4 BIOREMEDIATION: 10 Hours Major contaminants of air, water and soil, Biomonitors of environment (Bioindicators), Bioremediation using microbes, Phytoremediation, Biofilms. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Value of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, Biosphere reserves and Ecosystem Conservation, Approaches to Bioresource conservation programme, Biotechnological processes for bioresource assessment, BT in ex situ conservation of Biodiversity, BT and its role in utilization of Biodiversity, International initiatives for biodiversity management.

TOTAL: 42 HOURS

UBT522E: BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

3 Credits (3-0-0) Prerequisites : Microbiology, instrumentation Course Objectives:

• To know the basic concepts of biomedical signals • To know about ECG and EEG • To know about patient monitoring system • To know about recording systems

UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION 1 10 hours Sources of Biomedical signals, Basic medical instrumentation system, Performance requirements of medical instrumentation systems, PC based medical instruments, General constraints in design of medical instrumentation systems. 4 Hours UNIT 2. BIOELECTRIC SIGNALS AND ELECTRODE Origin of bioelectric signals, Recording electrodes, - Electrode-tissue interface, metal electrolyte interface, electrolyte -skin interface, Polarization, Skin contact impedance, Silver – silver chloride electrodes, Electrodes for ECG, EEG, EMG, Electrical conductivity of electrode jellies and creams, Microelectrode. Patient Safety: Electrode shock hazards, Leakage currents.

UNIT 2 ECG & EEG 10 hours Electrical activity of heart, Genesis & characteristics of Electrocardiogram (ECG), Block diagram description of an Electrocardiograph, ECG Lead Systems, Multichannel ECG machine Genesis of Electroencephalogram (EEG), Block diagram description of an Electroencephalograph, 10-20 Electrode system, Computerized analysis of EEG. CARDIAC PACEMAKERS AND DEFIBRILLATORS Need for Cardiac pacemaker, External pacemaker, Implantable pacemaker, Programmable pacemakers, DC defibrillator, AC defibrillator and Implantable Defibrillator.

UNIT 3

PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM 10 hours Bedside monitors, Central Monitoring System, Measurement of Heart rate -Average heart rate meter, Instantaneous heart rate meter, (Cardio tachometer), Measurement of Pulse Rate, Blood pressure measurement -direct and indirect method, Rheographic method, Oscillometric method, Ultrasonic Doppler shift method, Measurements of Respiration rate -Thermistor method, impedance puenmography, CO2 method, and Apnea

detector. Blood flow meters: Electromagnetic and its types, Ultrasonic, NMR, Laser Doppler. Blood gas analyzers: Blood pH measurement, Measurement of Blood pCO2, pO2. PHYSIOLOGICAL TRANSDUCERS Introduction, classification, performance characteristics of transducers-static and dynamic transducers, Displacement, position and motion transducers, Pressure transducer, Transducers for body temperature measurement, Optical Fiber sensor and Biosensor

UNIT 4 RECORDING SYSTEMS 10 hours Basic recoding system, general considerations for signal conditioners, preamplifiers-instrumentation amplifier, isolation amplifier, ink jet recorder, potentiometric recorder, thermal array recorder and electrostatic recorder. 4 Hours UNIT 8. ANALYSIS a) Cardiac output measurement: Indicator dilution method, Dye dilution method, Thermal dilution techniques, Measurement of Continuous cardiac output derived from the aortic pressure waveform, Impedance technique. 4 Hours b) Pulmonary function analysis: Pulmonary function measurement, Spirometry, Puemotachometer, Measurement of Volume, Nitrogen washout technique.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT523E OPERATING SYSTEMS AND DBMS

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION 10 hours What is O.S, Von-Neumann architechture, Supercomputers, Mainframe systems, Desktop system, Multiprocessor systems, Distributor systems, Clustered systems, Real time systems, Hand held systems, Future migration, Computing environment, System components, services, System calls, System programs, system structure, OS design and implementation, microkernels, virtual machines PROCESS MANAGEMENT Process concept, process state, process control block, process scheduling, snail diagrams, schedulers, creation and removal of a process, interprocess communication, models for IPC, independent and cooperating processes, threads, overview, multithreading, applications, critical selection problem, Semaphores, deadlocks and starvation.

UNIT 2 STORAGE MANAGEMENT 10 hours Memory management, dynamic loading and linking, overlays, logical vs physical space, memory management unit, swapping, contigous allocation, fragmentation, paging, page table, segmentation, virtual memory, demand paging, thrashing file system, interface-file concept, directory implementation. LINUX AND WIN NT Linux: Design principles, Kernel modules, process management, scheduling, memory management systems, input and output, interprocess communication. WinNT: Design principles, system components, environmental subsystems, file system, networking and programming interface

UNIT 3 DESIGN OF DBMS 10 hours Introduction to DBMS, terminology, Systems Development Life Cycle, terms of reference, feasibility report, data flow diagrams, addition of data sources, identification of individual processes, inputs and outputs, system boundaries, Entity-Relationship modeling, examples, database creation using MS Access, designing tables using Access, Data Integrity, Normalization, relationships between tables, comparing E-R design with Normalization design, Inclusion of new requirements from feasibility report, documentation, amending primary keys and database tables, Practical examples.

DATA DICTIONARY AND QUERY DESIGN Data dictionary, criteria, compiling a list of field names, entry sequence for the table data, entering, sorting and filtering of data in a table, introduction to queries, identifying field names, selection criteria and sort order in a query, calculations in queries, modifying a query, creating a query using design view and wizard in MS Access

UNIT 4 REPORTING, TESTING AND DOCUMENTATION 10 hours Introduction to reporting, dataflow diagram based reporting and table based reporting, form creation using wizard, entering and searching records in a form, modifying forms and reports, Introduction to testing, types (unit testing, system testing, integration testing, interface testing, performance testing and user testing), test data, executing and error reporting, introduction to documentation, areas of documentation SETTING UP THE DATA AND HOUSEKEEPING Approaches to set up data (parallel, bigbang, phased and pilot implementation), working data, data entry methods to the database (systems screen, external source), introduction to housekeeping, regular backups, archiving old data, maintaining security in a database.

UBT524E: BIOFUELS 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

PLANT BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 10 Hours Diversity of plants, plant parts and structure of plant derived raw materials for biofuel production. Basic principle of light energy conversion to chemical energy &carbon fixation. Biochemistry involved in conversion of sugars to alcohols. BIOFUELS Introduction to Biofuels - definition, advantages and disadvantages. Biofuel life cycle. Biomass as an energy core and its different mode of utilization. Renewable and non-renewable resources. Conventional fuels and their environmental impacts. Modern fuels and their environmental impacts.

UNIT 2

BIOFUEL FEED STOCKS 10 Hours Starch feed stocks-cereal grains, tubers & roots; Sugars feed stocks-sugarcane & sugarbeet; cellulosic feed stocks - forest residues, agricultural residues, Agricultural processing by-products, dedicated energy crops, municipal solid waste and paper waste. Lipid feedstocks :-Oilseed crops with examples, Algae, Waste oil, Animal fats. Next generation feed stocks. Environmental impacts of feed stocks. TYPES OF BIOFUELS First generation biofuels-vegetable oil biodisel, bioalcohols, bioethers, biogas syngas, solid biofuels. Second generation biofuels and third generation biofuels,

UNIT 3 TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOFUELS 10 Hours Historical background. Biochemical platform – bioethanol production, standardization, emissions and properties of bioethanol. Thermochemical platforms - biodiesel production, standardization, properties and emissions of biodiesel. BtL fuels -production, properties and emissions. Biohydrogen processing and uses. Converting solid wastes to pipeline gas. Blending of biofuels

UNIT 4

BIOFUELS IN PERSPECTIVE 10 Hours Integrated refining concepts with reference to ethanol production. Economic feasibility of producing biodisel, Issues with biofuel production & use. Impact of biofuel in global climate change & food production. 1st versus 2nd generation biofuels. Microbial fuel cells. Strategies for new vehicle technologies. Current research on biofuel production. Market barriers of biofuels.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT508L: BIOINFORMATICS LAB 1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN BIOINFORMATICS LABORATORY 1. Bibliographic search from PUBMED, SCIRUS and MEDMINER 2. Sequence retrieval from Nucleic acid and Protein databases. 3. Sequence searches using BLAST – Retrieval of homologs, paralogs, orthologs, and Xenologs 4. Pair wise comparison of sequences – Analysis of parameters affecting alignment. 5. Multiple alignments of sequences and pattern determination using PROSITE 6. Evolutionary studies / Phylogenetic analysis – Analysis of parameters affecting trees. 7. Identification of functional sites in Genes / Genomes. 8. Secondary structure prediction of proteins and comparison with PDB. 9. Restriction mapping: Analysis of maps for suitable molecular biology experiment. 10. Primer Design: Factors affecting primer design. 11. PDB structure retrieval and visualization: Analysis of homologous structures. 12. Determination of ligand-protein interactions using SPDBV/ LIGPLOT 13. Superposition of structures – Calculation of RMSD. 14. Docking studies – Analysis of substrate / ligand binding using homologous structures.

UBT509L: GENETIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY 1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN GENETIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY

1. Transformation. 2. Blue white colony screening. 3. Thermal denaturation of DNA. 4. Restriction Digestion. 5. Restriction mapping of plasmid. 6. Ligation Experiment. 7. Southern blotting. 8. Western blotting. 9. UV survival curve of E.coli or any other bacteria. 10. Study of repair mechanism for damage caused by UV radiation(Demo expt) 11. PCR(Amplification with specific primers).

B.E. VI SEMESTER UBT612C: BIOTRANSFORMATION AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

4 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 Biocatalysts 13 Hours Biocatalysts, advantages of enzymes vs chemical catalysts, applications of biocatalysts in industry, medicine and research analysis, Enzyme business in India and abroad. Enzymatic transformation Reaction engineering for enzyme-catalyzed biotransformations. Catalytic antibodies. Biocatalysts from extreme Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria. Biotransformation of drugs.

UNIT 2 Enzymes of biological importance 13Hours Importance of enzymes in diagnostics, enzymes as therapeutic agents. Enzyme pattern in diseases like in Myocardial infarctions (SGOT, SGPT, & LDH). Use of isozymes as markers in cancer and other diseases. Acetylcholinesterase, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), pseudocholinesterase, 5’- nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD).

UNIT 3

Immobilization of enzymes and bioconversion processes 13 Hours Techniques of enzyme immobilization; design and configuration of immobilized enzyme reactions, use of immobilized enzymes, immobilized enzymes in bioconversion processes, bioreactors using immobilized enzyme.

UNIT 4 Industrial uses of enzymes 13 Hours Enzymes used in detergents, use of proteases in food, leather and wool industries; methods involved in production of glucose syrup from starch (using starch hydrolyzing enzymes), uses of lactase in dairy industry, glucose oxidase and catalase in food industry. Enzyme engineering The design and construction of novel enzymes, artificial enzymes. Enzymes in immunoassay techniques. DNA ligases and restriction enzymes.

Total: 52 hours

UBT602C: BIOPROCESS CONTROL & AUTOMATION 4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1

13 hours Instrumentation, Introduction to flow, pressure, temperature and level measurements, methods of on-line and off-line measurements of cells, substrates and products, microbial caloriemetry, parameter estimation techniques for biochemical processes. Introduction to Laplace Transformation, I order system - examples, mercury in glass theromometer.

UNIT 2 13 Hours

Response of 1st order system for sinusoidal input. Liquid level system, lineraisation, composition, I order system in series, interacting and non-interacting systems. Second order system with under damping, derivation of transfer function for various systems, dead time response of I and II order overdamped and underdamped systems, to step, ramp, impulse (pulses) and sinusoidal changes.

UNIT 3

13 hours Closed loop control system, TFs for controller and various components of a control system, Control valve, principle, components and their functioning, On-off controller, Propotional (P) controller, Derivative (D) and Integral (I) controller, Transient responses for P, PI and PID controllers, Servo and Regulatory problems with block diagrams, Reduction of block diagrams.

UNIT 4 13 hours

Frequency response, Concept of stability, Routh test, Root locus diagram, Instrumentation and control of bio-reactors and sterilizers, Flow injection analysis for measurement of substrate, products and other metabolites, On-line and off-line biomass estimation, State and parameter estimation technique.

Total: 52 Hours

UBT603C: PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 Plant cell culture 12 Hours History and Introduction, requirements, lab organisation, media constituents, choice of media sterilization of media, explant selection, sterilisation and preparation for inoculation, role of growth hormones in cell culture. Types of culture Cellular totipotency, cytodifferentition, organogenic differentiation, embryogenesis. Culture techniques and applications Seed culture, embryo culture, synthetic seeds, callus culture,(types) organ culture, cell culture, protoplast culture , somatic hybridization, ,micropropagation:, somaclonal variation auxillary bud proliferation, meristem, shoot tip and bud culture. Regeneration of plantlets-shooting, rooting and hardening.

UNIT 2 Animal cell culture 10 Hours History and development of mammalian cell culture. lab organization, equipment and materials (culture vessels, CO2 incubator, inverted microscope, cell counters).Introduction to balanced salt solutions. Cell culture media - components of the medium, physical, chemical and metabolic functions of media. Role of serum and supplements, serum-free media, features and specifications of MEM, DMEM, RPMI and Ham’s medium Role of antibiotics in media. Techniques: Measurement of cell number - hemocytometer, coulter counter. Measurement of cell viability and cytotoxicity. Dye exclusion and inclusion tests, colonigenic assay, and MTT, PDT.

UNIT 3 Cell lines 10Hours Primary culture – Mechanical and enzymatic mode of desegregation, establishment of primary culture. Subculture - passage number, split ratio, seeding efficiency, criteria for subculture. Cell lines -definite and continuous cell lines, characterization, maintainance and preservation of cell lines (cryopreservation). Cell line contaminations, detection and control, cell transformation – normal v/s. Transformed cells, growth characteristics of transformed cells.

UNIT 4 Manipulation of Reproduction 10 Hours Conventional methods of animal improvement, predominantly selective breeding and crossbreeding. Artificial insemination.Invitro fertilization(IVF) and embryo transfer technique(ETT).Embryo splitting,Stem cells - embryonic and adult stem cells, Nuclear transplantation(Dolly) Transgenics and applications: Cloning of animals - Transgenic animals (cow, sheep, bird, fish) - retroviral, microinjection, and engineered embryonic stem cell method of transgenesis. Methods of transfection of cells. Application of animal cell culture -Large scale production of recombinant gene products cell culture based vaccines. Diagnosis of genetic diseases through cell culture Total: 42 Hours

UBT604C: BIOPROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN & DRAWING 4 Credits (4-0-0)

1. Notation & terminologies 12 Hours Joints, welded joints, pipe joints, pipe and pipefittings, vessel openings (man holes, nozzles, drains), agitators, valves, ball, NonRetum safety. 2. Process equipments 40 Hours DETAILED PROCESS, MECHANICAL DESIGN OF THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENTS: a) Double pipe heat Exchanger b) Shell & Tube Exchangers c) Distillation Column (packed bed type) d) Fermentors Vessels e) Agitated and jacketed vessels

Total: 52 hours

UBT605H: BIOETHICS & BIOSAFETY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 Introduction to Bioethics & Biosafety: 10 Hours Definition and scope of bioethics and biosafety, Ethical implications and need for biosafety, Legal and Socio-Economic impacts of Biotechnology: Agriculture and Food sector, Institutional, social, Cultural, Business and Consumer issues. Biosafety regulation guidelines Implications of biotechnological products and techniques, Bioterrorism, Objectives of safety guidelines, Cartagena protocol on biosafety, Convention on biological weapons, Biosafety regulations national and international guidelines with regard to rDNA technology, transgenic science,GM crops,

UNIT 2 Biosafety Regulation: 12 Hours Genetically modified organisms and their release in environment. Experimental protocol approvals, Laboratory associated infections and other hazards, Risk groups and assessment and levels of bisafety. Containments; Physical, Biological. Guidelines for research in transgenic plants, manufacturing practices and good lab practices (GLP &GMP). Intellectual Property Rights and Patenting

Introduction to IPR, Patents: patent laws &its principles in US, UK & in India, Criteria for patentability. International agreements related to pharma, microbial, environmental, agricultural and informatics sectors with case studies.

UNIT 3 10 Hours

Procedure to apply patent, other intellectual properties viz copy rights, Rights, Plant breeder’s rights, trade secrets/ trade symbol etc. WTO, TRIPS, PCT and GATT. IPR problems and its hindrance. Biodiversity Convention on biodiversity, Indian Biodiversity act, Legal implications, Biodiversity and farmers rights. Role of public and NGO’s in protection of biodiversity, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Human genome project and stem cells research: Introduction, Ethical, legal and social implications of HGP. Stem Cell Research- biosafety and its ethical issues

UNIT4 Food and pharma safety: 10 hours The GM-food debate and biosafety assessment procedures for biotech foods & related products, including transgenic food crops, case studies of relevance. Environmental aspects of biotech applications. Special application of patent laws in biotechnology and case studies. Flavr Savr Tomato as model case.Recombinant organisms and transgenic crops, case studies of relevance (Eg. Bt cotton, Bt brinjal). Licensing and cross licensing. Biosafety assessment of biotech pharmaceutical products.

Total: 42 Hours

UBT621E: MICROBIAL BT 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 10 hours a) In Bacteria: Genetic Transfer in bacteria, Transformation, Conjugation, Translation, cloning techniques, polymerase chain reaction, expression of cloned Genes, Recovery and purification of expressed proteins. b) In Yeast: Introduction of DNA into yeast cells, yeast cloning vectors, expression of foreign genes in yeast, expression of foreign gene products in secreted form.

UNIT 2

INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 10hours Vitamins as laxatives and analgesics; non steroidal contraceptives, external antiseptics, antacids and others. Antibiotics and hormones. Impact of Biotechnology on vaccine development; sub unit vaccines, fragments of antigen sub unit as synthetic peptide vaccines. Production of Microbial enzymes, strain -medium, fermentation processes. Large scale application of Microbial enzymes - starch processing, textile designing, detergents, cheese industry.

UNIT 3 MICROBIAL BY PRODUCTS 10 hours Bacillus thuringinesis, Sphaericus, Popilliae, Baculoviruses. Bacterial Polysaccharides - structure & role in nature xanthan Gum - structure, production & Biosynthesis polyesters. Saccherification & fermentation. Metabolites from microorganisms, Amino acids, antibiotics. Organic synthesis & Degradation, classification of enzymes, microbial transformation of steroids & sterols. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY: Sewage & Waster water microbiology, Microbiological Degradation of xenobiotics microorganisms in mineral recovery microorganisms in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous effluents.

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY: Microbial spoilage of food and its control; food preservatives; fermented foods; single cell protein (SCP) and single cell oil (SCO); food borne infections and their control.

UNIT 4 BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOLEACHING 10 hours Uses of Bacteria in Bioremediation – Biodegradation of hydrocarbons, Granular sludge consortia for bioremediation, crude oil degradation by bacteria, Immobilization of microbes for bioremediation, Methanotrophs, PCB dechlorination, Genetic engineering of microbes for bioremediation. Phytoremediation – plants capable of assimilating heavy metals. Studies of Pyrite Dissolution in Pachuca Tanks and Depression of Pyrite Flotation by Bacteria, Factors Effecting Microbial Coal Solubilization, Sulfur Leaching by Thermophilic Microbes of Coal Particles Varying in size, Microbiological Production of Ferric Ion for Heap and Dump Leaching, New Bacteriophage which infects Acidophilic, Heterotrophic Bacteria from Acidic Mining Environments, Treatment of Coal Mine Drainage with Constructed Wetlands. Total 40 hourse

UBT622E: GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Introduction: 10 Hours Genes and Proteins, Polymorphisms – types of polymorphism, commercializing the Genome -Revenue opportunities: a) genome sequences and database subscriptions, b) prediction of new genes and their function by databases. Sequencing & genome projects: Early sequencing efforts. Methods of preparing genomic DNA for sequencing, DNA sequence analysis methods, Sanger Dideoxy method, Fluorescence method, shotgun approach. Next generation sequencing Genome projects on E.coli., Arabidopsis and rice; Human genome project .

UNIT 2

Genomics: 10Hours Gene variation and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), Expressed sequenced tags (ESTs), genotyping tools -DNA Chips, comparative genomics. Functional genomic studies with model systems such as Drosophila, Yeast or C. elegans. Genome management in eukaryotes: Cell differentiation and gene regulation. Inheritance pattern in eukaryotes, Mutations, organization of eukaryotic genome within the nucleus, translation and post-translational modification in eukaryotes. Interference RNA, RNA silencing, SiRNA: Applications in Functional genomics, medicine and Gene Knockdown. Metagenomics- definition & concept.

UNIT 3 Functional genomics: 10hours C-Value and paradox of genomes, Repetitive and coding sequences, Genetic and physical maps, chromosome walking. Molecular markers – RFLP, RAPD and AFLP, Microsatellites and telomerase as a molecular markers. Methods of molecular mapping, Marker assisted selection, map based cloning, T-DNA tagging, Transposon tagging. Bioinformatics analysis- clustering methods. Approaches to physical mapping, FISH – DNA amplification markers.

UNIT 4 Proteomics: 10 Hours Introduction to proteins, Methods of protein isolation, purification, quantification, Large scale preparation of proteins, use of peptides in biology, Proteomics databases and proteins as drugs. Proteome analysis Mass-spec based analysis of protein expression and post-translational modifications. "Protein Chip" - interactions and detection techniques. Methods of measurement of mRNA expression, DNA array hybridization Non-DNA array hybridization, two dimensional PAGE for proteome analysis, Applications of proteome analysis to drug development and toxicology. Total: 40 hours

UBT623E: PLANT BT 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING 10 hours Induction of tumours by Agrobacterium, introduction of binary vectors into Agrobacterium by triparental mating, leaf disc transformation using Agrobacterium, GUS expression in transformed tissues, extraction of DNA from transformed plants, Southern hybridization to check plant 22 transformation, PCR amplification of T-DNA in transformed plant tissues. Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer and cloning. Types of plant vectors and their use in gene manipulation. Viruses as a tool to delivery foreign DNA. TRANSFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Plant transformation technology -Basis of tumor formation, hairy root, features of Ti and Ri plasmids, mechanisms of T-DNA transfer, role of virulence genes, use of Ti and Ri-plasmids as vectors, binary vectors. Vectorless or direct DNA transfer-particle bombardment, electroporation, microinjection, transformation of monoctos. Mechanism of transgene interaction - Transgene stability and gene silencing. Generation and mainteance of transgenic plants.

UNIT 2

APPLICATIONS 10 hours Application of plant transformation for productivity and performance – Herbicide resistance phosphoinothricin, glyphosate, atrazine, insect resistance -bt genes, Structure and function of Cry proteins – mechanism of action, critical evaluation of its impact in on insect control. Non-bt like protease inhibitors, alpha amylase inhibitor, virus resistance -coat protein mediated, nucleocapsid gene, disease resistance -chitinase, 1-3 beta glucanase, RIP, antifungal proteins, thionins, RS proteins, abiotic stress – drought and salinity, post-harvest losses, long shelf life of fruits and flowers, use of ACC synthase, polygalacturanase, ACC oxidase, male sterile lines, barstar and barnase systems.

UNIT 3 SECONDARY METABOLITES & GENE MARKERS 10 hours Metabolic engineering and industrial products -Plant secondary metabolites. Industrial enzymes, biodegradable plastics, polyhydroxybutyrate, antibodies, edible vaccines. Molecular marker-aided breeding -RFLP maps, linkage analysis, RAPD markers, STS, microsatellites, SCAR (sequence characterized amplified regions), SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism), AFLP, QTL, map-based cloning, molecular marker assisted selection.

UNIT 4

NITROGEN FIXATION 10 hours Nitrogen fixation and biofertilizers -Diazotrophic microorganisms, nitrogen fixation genes. Two component regulatory mechanisms. Transfer of nif genes to non-diazotrophic microorganisms, nod genes structure function and role in nodulation, Hydrogenase -Hydrogen metabolism. Genetic engineering of hydrogenase genes.

ALGAE Blue-green algae and Azolla -Identification of elite species and mass production for practical application. Mycorrhizae -importance in agriculture and forestry. Algae as a source of food, feed, single cell protein, biofertilizers; industrial uses of algae. Mass cultivation of commercially valuable marine macroalgae for agar agar, alginates and other products of commerce and their uses. Mass cultivation of microalgae as a source of protein and feed. 6 Hour

Total: 40

hours UBT624E: ANIMAL BT

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 CELL LINES 10 hours Primary culture – Mechanical and enzymatic mode of desegregation, establishment of primary culture. Subculture -passage number, split ratio, seeding efficiency, criteria for subculture. Cell lines -definite and continuous cell lines, characterization, authentication, maintenance and preservation of cell lines. Contamination -bacterial, viral, fungal and mycoplasma contaminations, detection and control, cell transformation – normal vs. transformed cells, growth CELL CULTURE Scale-up of animal cell culture – Factors to be considered. Scale-up of suspension cultures Batch reactor, continuous culture, perfusion systems. Scale-up of monolayer cultures – roller bottles, Nunc cell factory, microcarrier cultures, organotypic culture, matrices, factors affecting culture and perspectives.

UNIT 2 INVITRO FERTILIZATION & CLONING 10 hours Conventional methods of animal improvement, predominantly selective breeding and crossbreeding. Embryo biotechniques for augumentation of reproductive efficiency and faster multiplication of superior germ plasm. Super ovulation Oestrus synchronization. Embryo collection, evaluation and transfer. Invitro maturation of oocytes. Invitro fertilisation and embryo culture. Embryo preservation. Micro manipulation and cloning. Artificial insemination, preparation of foster mother, surgical and non-surgical methods of embryo transfer, donor and recipient aftercare. Cloning -concept of nuclear transfer, nuclear reprogramming and creation of Dolly. Stem cells -embryonic and adult stem cells, plasticity and concept of regenerative medicine.

UNIT 3 HUMAN GENOME 10 hours Human genome complexicity of the genome, outlines of human genome project, human disease genes. Molecular biological techniques for rapid diagnosis of genetic diseases. Chemical carcinogenesis, transfection, oncogenes and antioncogenes. Cryo preservation and transport of animal germ plasm (i.e. semen, ovum and embryos). Genetherapy -ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy methods, applications. TRANSGENICS Transgenic animals -retroviral, microinjection, and engineered embryonic stem cell method of transgenesis. Application of transgenic animals -biopharming, disease models, functional knockouts.

UNIT 4

OTHER APPLICATIONS 10 hours Application of animal cell culture -Vaccine production, specialized cell types. Concepts of tissue engineering -skin, liver, kidney, bladder and heart. Principles and species suitable for aquaculture (Indian major carps and prawns). Genetic status of culture stocks. Chromosome manipulations -Production of all male and sterile populations, Hypophysation in fishes and prawns. Pearl culture -pearl producing mollusks, rearing of oysters, nucleation for pearl formation and harvesting of pearls. Probiotics and their significance in aquaculture. Molecular tools for the identification of diseases in aquatic species.

Total: 40 hours

UBT625E: BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Biochemistry of biofuels and energy resources: 10 Hours Basic principle of light energy conversion to chemical energy &carbon fixation. Biochemistry involved in conversion of sugars to alcohols. Renewable and non-renewable resources. Biofuels Introduction to Biofuels - definition, advantages and disadvantages. Biofuel life cycle. Biomass as an energy core and its different mode of utilization. Conventional fuels and their environmental impacts. Modern fuels and their environmental impacts. Biofuel energy content. World scenario of biofuel production and use.

UNIT 2 Biofuel feed stocks 10 Hours Starch feed stocks-cereal grains, tubers & roots; Sugars feed stocks-sugarcane & sugarbeet; cellulosic feed stocks - forest residues, agricultural residues, Agricultural processing by-products, dedicated energy crops, municipal solid waste and paper waste. Lipid feedstocks :-Oilseed crops with examples, Algae, Waste oil, Animal fats. Next generation feed stocks. Environmental impacts of feed stocks. Types of biofuels First generation biofuels-vegetable oil biodisel, bioalcohols, bioethers, biogas syngas, solid biofuels. Second generation biofuels and third generation biofuels,

UNIT 3 Technologies for biofuels 10 Hours Historical background. Biochemical platform – bioethanol production, standardization, emissions and properties of bioethanol. Thermochemical platforms - biodiesel production, standardization, properties and emissions of biodiesel. BtL fuels -production, properties and emissions. Biohydrogen processing and uses. Converting solid wastes to pipeline gas. Biomethanation, Microbial fuel cells. Blending of biofuels

UNIT 4

Biofuels in perspective 10 Hours Integrated refining concepts with reference to ethanol production. Economic feasibility of producing biodisel, Issues with biofuel production & use. Impact of biofuel in global climate change & food production. 1st versus 2nd generation biofuels.. Strategies for new vehicle technologies. Current research on biofuel production. Market barriers of biofuels.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT628E TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

3 credits (3-0-0)

Prerequisites : Unit Operations,HMT Objectives:

• To study Momentum transfer – Principles and Applications. • To study Mechanisms of heat transfer and Mass Transfer. • To study different Separation Processes.

UNIT 1 Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances: 10 hours Fluid Statics, General molecular transport equations for momentum, heat and mass transfer, Viscosity of fluids, Overall balances: mass balance/continuity equation, energy balance, momentum balance, shell momentum balance and velocity distribution in laminar flow, design equation for laminar and turbulent flow in pipes. Momentum transfer – Principles and Applications: Flow past immersed objects, packed beds, Non-Newtonian fluids, Differential equations of continuity, momentum transfer (motion).

UNIT 2

Steady State Heat Transfer: 10 hours Mechanisms of heat transfer, conduction – through solids in series, steady state conduction and shape factors, Forced convection - heat transfer inside pipes, natural convection heat transfer, boiling and condensation, heat exchangers. Unsteady State Heat Transfer: Derivation of basic equation, simplified case for systems with negligible internal resistance.

UNIT 3 Mass Transfer: 10 hours Mass transfer and diffusion, molecular diffusion in gases, liquids and solids. Mass transfer coefficients. Separation Processes - Evaporation, Drying, Humidification, and Absorption.

UNIT 4

Separation Processes: 10 hours Distillation, Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Leaching, Crystallization, Membrane processes. Total 40 Hours .

UBT608L: BIOKINETICS & ENZYME TECHNOLOGY LAB 1.5 CREDITS (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN BIOKINETICS & ENZYME TECHNOLOGY LAB 1. RTD in PFR 2. RTD in MRF 3. Isolation of alpha-amylase from sweet potato or saliva 4. Maltose calibration curve by DNS method 5. Determination of activity of Salivary alpha-amylase 6. Determination of Specific activity of an enzyme 7. Effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity 8. Determination of Kinetics constants (Km & Vmax) 9. Urea calibration curve 10. Determine the activity of enzyme Urease 11. Effect of inhibitors on enzyme activity 12 Immobilization of enzyme and determination of immobilized enzyme activity

UBT609L: BIOPROCESS CONTROL & AUTOMATION LAB 1.5 CREDITS (1.5-0-0)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN BIOPROCESS CONTROL & AUTOMATION LAB 1. Characteristics of Transducers (Temperature). 2. Characteristics of Transducers (Pressure). 3. Characteristics of Transducers (Flow). 4. Dynamics of First order system for step input. 5. Dynamics of First order system for impulse input. 6. Non-interacting system. 7. Interacting System. 8. Control of temperature in a bioprocess. 9. Control of pH in a bioprocess. 10. Control of Pressure in a bioprocess. 11. Control of Flow rates in a bioprocess. 12. Measurement of dissolved oxygen in the growth media (at different stages of growth). 13. Measurements of temperature, light & humidity in growth chambers. 14. Fermenter Performance studies (Evaluation of Products).

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION B.E. VII SEMESTER (2013-14)current

Sl. No.

Subject Code


Lecture Tutorial Practical CIE SEE Total1 UBT712C Upstream processing

technology 4 4 0 0 50 50 100

2 UBT702C Downstream Processing Technology (PC)

4 4 0 0 50 50 100

3 UBT703C Economics and Plant Design (PC)

4 4 0 0 50 50 100

4 UBT72XE Elective– 5 3 3 0 0 50 50 100 5 UBT707L Upstream Processing

Lab 1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100

6 UBT708L Downstream Processing Lab

1.5 0 0 3 50 50 100

7 UBT709P Project phase-I

4 - 0 - 50 50 100

22 15 0 6 350 350 700 UBT721E Separation techniques UBT723E Dairy Biotechnology

UBT722E Aquaculture & Marine biotechnology UBT724E Food Processing technology


B.E. VIII SEMESTER (2013-14) Sl. No.

Subject Code


Lecture Tutorial Practical CIE SEE Total1 UBT81XE Elective – 7 3 3 0 0 50 50 100

2 UBT82XE Elective – 8 3 3 0 0 50 50 100

3 UBT83XE Elective – 9 3 3 0 0 50 50 100

4 UBT804P Project 16 0 0 0 50 50 100

Total 25 9 0 0 200 200 400

ELECTIVE - 7 ELECTIVE – 8

UBT821E Micro-Array (Systems biology) BT825E Chemical Plant utilities & Safety UBT822E Protein Engg. & Drug Design UBT826E Nano Biotechnology UBT 825E Food biotechnology UBT827E Pharmaceutical BT UBT824E Metabolic Engineering UBT828E Lab to Industrial Scaling

ELECTIVE – 9 UBT829E Facilitation, Validation & Quality Control UBT830E Clinical research UBT831E Biomaterials UBT832E Health Diagnostics

UBT712C: UPSTREAM PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1 Fermentation process: 13 Hours Range of fermentation processes, chronological development of fermentation industry, component of the fermentation process. Basic functions of a fermenter for microbial, plant and animal cell culture. Body parts of fermentor, aseptic operation and containment. Sterilization of fermentors. Types of Fermentors, Classification of Fermentation Systems: Batch, fed batch and continuous process and their applications. Scale Up: Process engineering concepts, engineering considerations, mechanical considerations, energy considerations. Process GMP considerations of scale up, operations and quality.

UNIT 2

Raw materials and media sterilization: 13Hours Media requirement for typical fermentation process, selection of typical raw materials, types of fermentation media. Preparation and handling of fermentation media, sterilization and its practical limits, Batch sterilization, Continuous sterilization and Filter sterilization. Different methods for optimization (Plackett-Burman Design, FFCCD, RSM) UNIT 3 Microbial system: 13Hours Isolation of industrially important microorganisms, Strain development methods, Preservation of industrially important microorganisms. Development of inoculum from laboratory scale to pilot scale and large scale fermentation (for bacterial, yeast, mycelial processes). Criteria for the transfer of inoculum. Aseptic transfer of inoculum to the fermentor. Trouble shooting during fermentation process (microbial contamination). Secondary metabolite production: secondary metabolite production in bacteria, yeast and fungi. Production of lactic acid, butanol, antibiotics and enzymes.

UNIT 4

Plant Cell system: 13Hours Bioreactors for suspension cultures, immobilized cells and organized tissues. Isolation and culture of single cells, Bioprocess using plant cell cultures. Secondary metabolite enhancement techniques (alkaloids, steroids, phenolics). Animal Cell system : Scale up of animal cell culture, factors affecting cell culture, Batch reactors, continuous culture, perfusion systems. Scale up of monolayer culture- roller bottles, nunc cell factory microcarriers culture. Growth monitoring. Genetically engineered cells for bioprocessing; process, selection of host vectors, process constraints- genetic instability, mass transfer and others. Large scale production of insulin by mammalian cell culture. Monoclonal antibody production: SUDBRCS (Single use disposable bioreactor configuration, types of production (perfusion culture, submerged culture, suspended adhered culture). Total 52 Hours

UBT702C: DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

3 CREDITS (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 Introduction: 10 hours Role and importance of downstream processing in biotechnological processes. Purification process of bio-product and unit operations. Characteristics of biological mixtures, selection of operations in bio separation processes. Protein purification and handling, Cell disruption methods for intracellular products; physical, chemical and mechanical methods.

UNIT 2 Primary Recovery Operations: 10 hours Removal of insolubles by filtration, Membrane based separations (Micro- and Ultra-filtration) theory, design and configuration of membrane separation equipment. Concentration polarization, fouling, cross flow filtration. Reverse osmosis, Pervoperation, Separation by liquid membrane, Supercritical fluid extraction.

UNIT 3 Downstream Processes: 10 hours Synthesis of downstream processes, Downstream processing plant and equipment, process steps for unit operations, General factors affecting DSP sequence and equipment selection, DSP flowsheets for antibiotic recovery processes, citric acid, bulk extracellular enzyme, monoclonal antibody recovery and amino acid.

UNIT 4 Biological Process & Scale up Cosiderations: 10 hours Down stream process economics; Obstacles and role of chemical engineering, production scales, process strategy and scale up, General fermentation process economics, Economics of fuel alcohol production, Case study on production of human insulin using r-E.Coli. Process design; block diagram, process flowsheet and material balance, process description; sterilization, fermentation, cell harvesting, cell disruption, centrifugation, solubilization and precipitation, concentration of crude pro-insulin.Downstream of mammalian cell culture products- monoclonal and poly clonal antibodies, membrane processes, virus inactivation steps. Scale up aspects of downstream – chromatography, and process timings, centrifugation and membrane, linear flow rate calculations. Total: 40 hours

UBT703C: ECONOMICS & PLANT DESIGN 4 Credits (4-0-0)

UNIT 1 Process design development: 13 Hours Design project procedure, design information from the literature and other sources of information, flow diagrams, preliminary design, comparison of different processes, firm process design, equipment design and specialization, scale up in design, safety factors specifications, materials of construction. General design considerations: Marketability of the product, availability of technology, raw materials, human resources, land and utilities, site characteristics, plant location, plant layout, plant operation and control,utilities ,structural design, storage,

materials handling, materials and fabrication selection,optimum design and design strategy. Waste disposal, govt. regulations and other legal restrictions, community factors. Safety and hazard control measures.

UNIT 2 Capital investments: 13 Hours Fixed capital investments including land, building, equipment and utilities, installation costs,(including equipment, instrumentation, piping, electrical installation and other utilities),working capital investments. Manufacturing costs and plant overheads: Manufacturing Costs: Direct Production costs (including raw materials, human resources, maintenance and repair, operating supplies, power and other utilities, royalities, etc.), fixed charges(including depreciation, taxes, insurance, rental costs etc.). Plant Overheads: Administration, safety and other auxiliary services, payroll overheads, warehouse and storage facilities etc. Conceptual numericals.

UNIT 3 Cost analysis and time value of money: 13 Hours Cost Analysis: Factors involved in project cost estimation, methods employed for the estimation of the capital investment. Estimation of working capital. Time value of money and equivalence Conceptual numerical. Depreciation and taxes: Depreciation calculation methods. Equivalence after Taxes. Cost comparison after taxes.Conceptual numericals.

UNIT 4 Profitability analysis: 13 Hours Methods for the evaluation of profitability. Return on original investment, interest rate of return, accountin g for uncertainty and variations and future developments. Replacement and Alternative Investments. Opportunity costs. Conceptual numericals. Financial statements and reports: Financial statements. Cash flow diagrams. Break-even analysis. Design Report: Types of reports. Organization of report. Conceptual numericals.

Total: 52 Hours

UBT724E: FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

Prerequisites : microbiology, biochemistry Course Objectives:

• To know the basic concepts food biochemistry • To know the different techniques of detection of micro-organisms • To know food spoilage &preservation • To know food engineering and biotechnology

UNIT1

INTRODUCTION: 10 hours Constituents of food, soluble fibres, protein rich foods, popular fats and oils in foods, Food flavours, Browning reactions and its effects . Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of foods, effect of inihibitors, pH and temperature. Minerals in foods. Aroma compounds in foods .Food additives, Vitamins, amino acids.., Sweeteners, Food colours. Toxic-trace elements in food.

UNIT 2

DETECTION OF MICROORGANISMS: 10 hours Culture, Microscopic, and Sampling Methods, Conventional; SPC, Membrane Filters, Microscope colony Counts, Agar Droplets, Dry Films, Most probable Numbers (MPN), Dye-reduction, Roll Tubes, Direct, Microscopic Count (DMC), Microbiological Examination of surfaces, Air Sampling, Metabolically Injured Organisms, Enumeration and Detection of Food-borne Organisms. Dairy products: Composition of milk, Sterilization of milk (Pasteurization and UHT), Cheese production, Acidophilus milk Yoghurt, Kumiss and Kefir. Fruit and vegetable processing: Jam, jelly, Juice, squash, wine, pickles and saurkraut.

UNIT 3

FOOD SPOILAGE & PRESERVATION: 10 hours The Role and Significance of Microorganisms, Primary Sources of Microorganisms found in Foods Synopsis of common borne bacteria, Molds & Yeasts. Microbial Spoilage of Vegetables, Fruits, Fresh and Processed Meats, Poultry, and Seafood. Spoilage of Miscellaneous Foods, Food Preservation: Principles Underlying in spoilage and preservation, Application, Effect and Legal Status of Food Irradiation, Food Preservation with Low Temperatures, High Temperatures and Drying. FOOD INDUSTRY Characteristics of Food Industry.:, nutritional food supplements. Food packaging, New trends in packing, edible films. Factors influencing food product development, marketing, and promotional strategies, risks and benefits of food industry.

UNIT 4

FOOD ENGINEERING: 10 Hours Properties of fluid foods, Measurement of rhelogical parameters .Thermal properties of frozen foods. Food freezing equipment, storage of frozen foods. Food dehydration: Freeze Dehydration Calculation of drying times. FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY Impact of Biotechnology on Nutritional Quality of Food, Applications of Immobilized Enzymes in Food Industry, Biotechnology Applied to Fats and Oils,., Microbial Transformations, e.g., Steroids, Nonsteroids, Antibiotics, etc. Recent Applications of Biotechnology to food industry,. Neutraceuticals and probiotics.Biotechnology and food safety.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT721E SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

GENERAL TECHNIQUES 10 Hours Spectrophotometric techniques-UV, Visible,Flouroscence spectroscopy, Beer –Lamberts law, Distillation, crystallization, Centrifugation-basic principle of sedimentation, Ultra centrifugation (preparative and analytical).Types of centrifuges and rotors, Absorption and Adsorption, Centrifugation-differential, density gradient (Zonal, Isopycnic).

UNIT 2 TECHNIQUES USED IN ISOLATION OF PRODUCTS 10 Hours Range and characteristics of Bioproducts , characteristics of fermentation broths.Liquid–liquid extaction, solid liquid extraction, ammonium sulphate precipitation, precipitation of proteins and nucleic acids by solvents and Poly ethylene glycol, dialysis, ultrafitration, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, and lyophilisation, concentration techniques-membrane techniques.

UNIT 3 CHROMATOGRAPHY 12 Hours Principles of chromatographic seperations, Classification of chromatography-plain and column chromatography, Paper chromatography - Single dimensional (Both Ascending and Descending) and two dimensional chromatography, retention factor, Thin layer chromatography, Gas liquid Chromatography, Adsorption Chromatography: Adsorption column chromatography, Ion Exchange Chromatography: cation Exchange and anion Exchange chromatography. Gel Filtration Chromatography, Affinity Chromatography, High Performance liquid chromatography, NP-HPLC and RP-HPLC.

UNIT 4 ELECTROPHORESIS 10 Hours Electrophoresis principles, factors affecting electrophoresis mobility, Moving boundary electrophoresis, Zone Electrophoresis, Gel Electrophoresis, Continuous Gel electrophoresis, Disc Gel electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Capillary Electrophoresis,Cellulose Acetate, Starch Gel , Native and SDS-PAGE, High voltage electrophoresis, Isoelectric focusing, Immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA, Flow cytometry. Total: 42 hours

UBT722E: AQUA CULTURE & MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT: 10 Hours Major physical and chemical factors (light, temperature, gases, nutrients). Aquatic biota: phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, periphyton, macrophytes, fish and other animals. Production & Nutrient dynamics in lakes, rivers, estuaries and wetlands. Eutrophication and water pollution: monitoring and control conservation and management of lakes, rivers and wetlands. Importance of coastal aquaculture- Design and construction of aqua farms, Criteria for selecting cultivable species. Culture systems – extensive, semi intensive and intensive culture practices AQUA CULTURE Classification and Characteristics of Arthropoda. Crustacean characteristic key to important species of Prawns and Shrimps, General biology, of – Shrimp and Prawn, Finfish, Marine and freshwater fish. Preparation, culture and utilization of live food organisms, phytoplankton, zooplankton cultures, quality evaluation of Cyst, hatching and utilization, culture and cyst production.

UNIT 2 AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING AND TECHNIQUES: 10 Hours Principles and criteria for site selection; multi-design, layout plan for prawn, shrimp and fish hatchery; design, lay-out plan and pond construction for grow- out production, design and construction of feed mill and installation of machineries. Chromosome manipulation in aquaculture - hybridization, ploidy induction, gynogenesis, androgenesis and sex reversal in commercially important fishes. Application of microbial biotechnology in culture ponds, bioaugmentation, bioremediation, nutrient cycling, and biofertilization.Probiotics – imunostimulants. Tools for disease diagnosis in cultivable organisms Enzyme immuno assays - Dot immunobinding assay - Western blotting - Latex agglutination test - Monoclonal antibodies - DNA based diagnosis. Cryopreservation techniques.

UNIT3 MARINE ENVIRONMENT : 10 Hours Biological Oceanography: The division of the marine environment – benthing, pelagic, batuyal, littoral. Ocean waters as biological environment. Distribution and population of plants and animals. Marine ecology and fisheries potential. Effects of pollution on marine life. Geological and geophysical Oceanography: geophysical and geological processes. Ocean basin rocks and sediments. MARINE MICROBIOLOGY: Biology of micro-organisms used in genetic engineering (Escherichia coil, Rhizobium sp., Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, phage lambda, Nostoc, Spirulina, Aspergillus, Pencillium and Streptomyces). Methods of studying the marine micro-organisms collection, enumeration, isolation, culture & identification based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Preservation of marine microbes, culture collection centre (ATCC, IMTECH, etc.). Microbial nutrition and nitrogen fixation.Seafood microbiology - fish & human pathogens. Indicator of Pollution - faecai coliforms - Prevention & control.

UNIT 4 MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGYAND PHARMACOLOGY: 10 Hours Physical, Chemical and Biological aspects of marine life. Air – Sea interaction – Green house gases (CO2 and Methane). Marine pollution-major pollutants (heavy metal, pesticide, oil, thermal, radioactive, plastics, litter and microbial). Biological indicators and accumulators: Protein as biomarkers, Biosensors and biochips. Biodegradation and Bioremediation. Separation, purification and bioremoval of pollutants. Biofouling - Biofilm formation, Antifouling and Anti boring treatments. Corrosion Process and control of marine structures. Biosafety – special characteristics of marine environment that bear on biosafety. Ethical and moral issues - food health, and environmental safety concerns. Medicinal compounds from marine flora and fauna - marine toxins –antiviral, antimicrobial. Extraction of crude drugs, screening, isolation, purification and structural characterization of bioactive compounds.

Total: 40 hours

UBT723E: DAIRY BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

DAIRY INDUSTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY: 10 Hours Overview of dairy industry, Characteristics of dairy Industry. Manufacturing & processing of dairy products, effect of processing on constituents and methods of evaluation of dairy products. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of important groups of milk microbes and their classification i.e. psychrotrophs, mesophiles, thermodurics, and thermophiles. Impact of various stages like milking, chilling, storage and transportation on microbial quality of milk, Direct and indirect rapid technique for assessment of microbial quality of milk. Food infection, intoxication and toxic infection caused by milk borne pathogens. Microbiological changes in bulk refrigerated raw milk; Mastitis milk: organisms causing mastitis, detection of somatic cell count (SCC). Role of microorganisms in spoilage of milk Significance of antimicrobial substances naturally present in milk (responsible for its nutraceutical properties): immunoglobulin, lactoferin, Lysozymes .

UNIT 2 DAIRY BIOTECHNOLOGY: 10 Hours Genetic engineering of bacteria and animals intended for dairy-based products: DNA cloning. protoplast fusion & cell culture methods for trait improvement with instances cited. Enzymes in dairy industry & production by whole cell immobilization. Biotechnology of dairy effluent treatment. Ethical issues relating to genetic modification of dairy microbes & milk-yielding animals. DAIRY ENGINEERING Sanitization: Materials and sanitary features of the dairy equipment. Sanitary pipes and fittings, Description, working and maintenance of can washers, bottle washers. CIP cleaning and designing of system. Homogenization, Pasteurization, sterilization septic packaging and equipment. Filling Operation: Principles and working of different types of bottle filters and capping machine, pouch filling machine maintenance.

UNIT 3

DAIRY PROCESS ENGINEERING: 10 Hours Evaporation: Basic principles of evaporators, Different types of evaporators used in dairy industry, Drying: Introduction to principle of drying, Equilibrium moisture constant, bound and unbound moisture. Fluidization Mechanization and equipment used in manufacture of indigenous dairy products, Butter and Ghee making machine, Ice-cream and Cheese making equipments. Membrane Processing: Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis and electro dialysis in dairy processing, membrane construction & maintenance for electro-dialysis & ultra-filtration, Ultra filtration of milk, Effect of milk constituents on operation. DAIRY PLANT DESIGN AND LAYOUT Introduction of Dairy Plant design and layout. Type of dairies, perishable nature of milk, reception flexibility. Classification of dairy plants, selection of site for location. Dairy building planning, Process schedule, basis of dairy layout, General points of considerations for designing dairy plant, floor plant types of layouts, service accommodation, single or multilevel design.

UNIT 4 QUALITY AND SAFETY MONITORING IN DAIRY INDUSTRY: 10 Hours Current awareness on quality and safety of dairy foods; consumer awareness and their demands for safe foods; role of codex alimentations commission (CAC) in harmonization of international standards; quality (ISO 9001:2000) and food safety (HACCP) system National and international food regulatory standards; their role in the formulation of standards for controlling the quality and safety of dairy foods. Good Hygiene Practices (GHP): Rapid assessment of dairy food for microbial and non-microbial contaminants Quality of water and Quality of air & personnel hygiene. BY PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY Status, availability and utilization of dairy by-products in India and abroad, associated economic and pollution problems. Physico-chemical characteristics of whey, butter milk and ghee residue, by-products from skim milk such as Casein; Whey processing & utilization of products generated from whey.

Total: 40 hours

UBT724E TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 3 credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances: 10 hours Fluid Statics, General molecular transport equations for momentum, heat and mass transfer, Viscosity of fluids, Overall balances: mass balance/continuity equation, energy balance, momentum balance, shell momentum balance and velocity distribution in laminar flow, design equation for laminar and turbulent flow in pipes. Momentum transfer – Principles and Applications: Flow past immersed objects, packed beds, Non-Newtonian fluids, Differential equations of continuity, momentum transfer (motion).

UNIT 2

Steady State Heat Transfer: 10 hours Mechanisms of heat transfer, conduction – through solids in series, steady state conduction and shape factors, Forced convection - heat transfer inside pipes, natural convection heat transfer, boiling and condensation, heat exchangers. Unsteady State Heat Transfer: Derivation of basic equation, simplified case for systems with negligible internal resistance.

UNIT 3 Mass Transfer: 10 hours Mass transfer and diffusion, molecular diffusion in gases, liquids and solids. Mass transfer coefficients. Separation Processes - Evaporation, Drying, Humidification, and Absorption.

UNIT 4

Separation Processes: 10 hours Distillation, Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Leaching, Crystallization, Membrane processes. Total 40 Hours

UBT 707L: UPSTREAM PROCESSING LABORATORY 1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN UPSTREAM PROCESSING LABORATORY

1. Callus Induction Technique- Stock preparation, Media preparation and inoculation 2. Development of suspension culture from callus 3. Artificial seed production (Auxillary buds) 4. Production of secondary metabolite by shake flask studies; Comparison of yield in various

media 5. Fed batch culture – Assessment of yield 6. Development of inocula; lag time effect 7. Study of operational functions of the fermentor 8. Production of Ethanol in fermentor – Study of Growth, product formation

Kinetics and end substrate utilization 9. Single Cell Protein (SCP) production by continuous culture.

UBT708L: DOWNSTREAM BIOPROCESSING LAB 1.5 Credits (0-0-3)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS IN DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING LABORATORY

1. Cell disruption techniques. 2. Solid-liquid separation methods: Filtration (Cross flow) 3. Solid-liquid separation methods: Sedimentation. 4. Solid-liquid separation methods: Centrifugation. 5. Membrane dialysis 6. Product enrichment operations: Precipitation – (NH4)2 SO4 fractionation of a protein. 7. Product enrichment operations: Two – phase aqueous extraction. 8. Product drying techniques. 9. Separation of Amino acids / Carbohydrates by TLC. 10. Separation of ethanol from fermented broth. 11. Separation of Citric acid from fermented broth. 12. Separation of proteins by molecular sieving. 13. Analysis of biomolecules by HPLC / GC (using standard spectra).

B.E. VIII SEMESTER UBT821E: MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Introduction: 10 Hours Basics of Microarray Technology, Historical Development, Biochip Technologies. Microarray construction: DNA Microarrays, Oligonucleotide, cDNA and genomic microarrays, Microchip production technologies, Biochips, Microarrays, Megaclone technology for fluid microarrays, Microarray labels, Microarray scanners/headers.

UNIT 2 Microarray construction and methods: 10 Hours Microarray robotics, Microfluidics systems, Combination of microarray and biosensor technology, Standardization of microarray analysis, Bioinformatics and microarrays, Evaluation of conventional microarray technology; electrical detection methods for microarrays; SERS (surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy)-based microarrays.

UNIT 3

Applications of microarray technology: 10 Hours Molecular diagnostics, Pharmacogenomics, application of microarray technology in drug discovery and development, Gene expression studies, Use of microchips for drug delivery. Use of microarrays in population genetics and epidemiology, Use of microarrays in forensics, DNA chip technology for water quality management, Bioagent chip, Application of micro arrays in the agro-industry; use of microarrays in _enetic disease monitoring; Point of Care (p.O.C) applications.

UNIT 4 Commercial aspects of biochip technology: 10 Hours Markets for biochip technologies, Commercial support for the development of biochips, Government support for biochip development, Business strategies, and Patent issues. Dna computing Introduction, Junctions, other shapes, Biochips and large-scale structures, Discussion of Robinson and Kallenbach's methods for designing DNA shapes, DNA cube, computing with DNA, Electrical analogies for biological circuits, Challenges, Future Trends.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT822E: PROTEIN ENGINEERING AND DRUG DESIGN 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS: 10 hours Overview of protein structure, PDB, structure based classification, databases, visualization tools, structure alignment, domain architecture databases, protein-ligand interactions. PROTEIN STRUCTURE PREDICTION Primary structure and its determination, secondary structure prediction and determination of motifs, profiles, patterns, fingerprints, super secondary structures, protein folding pathways, tertiary structure, quaternary structure, methods to determine tertiary and quaternary structure, post translational modification.

PROTEIN ENGINEERING AND DESIGN Methods of protein isolation, purification and quantitation; large scale synthesis of proteins, design and synthesis of peptides, use of peptides in biology, methods of detection and analysis of proteins. Protein database analysis, methods to alter primary structure of proteins, examples of engineered proteins, protein design, principles and examples.

UNIT 2

MOLECULAR MODELING: 10 hours Constructing an Initial Model, Refining the Model, Manipulating the Model, Visualization. Structure Generation or Retrieval, Structure Visualization, Conformation Generation, Deriving Bioactive Conformations, Molecule Superposition and Alignment, Deriving the Pharmacophoric Pattern, Receptor Mapping, Estimating Biological Activities, Molecular Interactions: Docking, Calculation of Molecular Properties, Energy Calculations (no derivation), Examples of Small Molecular Modeling Work, Nicotinic Ligands, Sigma Ligands, Antimalarial Agents.

UNIT 3 INSILICO DRUG DESIGN : 10 hours Generation of Rational Approaches in Drug Design, Molecular Modeling: The Second Generation, Conceptual Frame and Methodology of Molecular Modeling, The Field Currently Covered, Importance of the "Bioactive Conformation", Molecular Mimicry and Structural Similarities, Molecular Mimicry, Structural Similarities and Superimposition Techniques, Rational Drug Design and Chemical Intuition, An Important Key and the Role of the Molecular Model, Limitations of Chemical Intuition Major Milestones and Future Perspectives. COMPUTER ASSISTED NEW LEAD DESIGN Introduction, Basic Concepts, Molecular Recognition by Receptor and Ligand Design, Active Conformation, Approaches to Discover New Functions, Approaches to the Cases with known and unknown receptor structure.

UNIT 4 DOCKING METHODS: 10 hours Program GREEN Grid: Three -Dimensional Description of Binding Site Environment and Energy Calculation, Automatic Docking Method, Three-Dimensional Database Search Approaches, Automated Structure Construction Methods, Structure Construction Methods with known Three-Dimensional Structure of the Receptor, Structure Construction in the case of Unknown Receptor Structure. Scope and Limitations, Points for Consideration in Structure, Construction Methods, Handling of X-Ray Structures of Proteins, Future Perspectives, Types of programs available for molecular modeling-scope and limitations-interpretation of results. COMPUTER - ASSISTED DRUG DISCOVERY The Drug Development Process, Introduction, The Discovery and Development Process, New Lead Discovery Strategies, Composition of Drug Discovery Teams, The Practice of Computer-Assisted Drug Discovery (CADD), Current Practice of CADD in the pharmaceutical Industry, Management Structures of CADD Groups, Contributions and Achievements of CADD Groups, Limitations of CADD Support, Inherent Limitations of CADD Support, State of Current Computational Models, Software and Hardware Constraints.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT824E: METABOLIC ENGINEERING 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION: 10 hours Basic concept of metabolic engineering overview of metabolism. Different models for cellular reactions, Mutation, mutagens mutation in metabolic studies. METABOLIC REGULATION An overview of Cellular Metabolism, Transport Processes, Passive Transport, Facilitated Diffusion, Active Transport, Fueling Reactions, Glycolysis, ermentative Pathways, TCA Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation,

Anaplerotic Pathways, atabolism of Fats, Organic Acids, and Amino Acids, Biosynthetic Reaction, iosynthesis of Amino Acids, Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Fatty Acids, and Other Building Blocks, Polymerization, Growth Energetics.

UNIT 2

METABOLIC FLUX: 10 hours Metabolic flux analysis and its application, Methods for experimental determination of metabolic flux by isotope dilution method. APPLICATIONS OF METABOLIC FLUX ANALYSIS: Amino Acid Production by Glutamic Acid Bacteria, Biochemistry and Regulation of Glutamic Acid Bacteria, Calculation of Theoretical Yields, Metabolic Flux Analysis of Lysine Biosynthetic Network in C. glutamicum, Metabolic Flux Analysis of Specific Deletion Mutants of C. Glutamicum, Metabolic Fluxes in Mammalian Cell Cultures, Determentation of Intracellular Fluxes., Computational Networks and Systems Biology

UNIT 3

REGULATION OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS: 10 hours Regulation of Enzymatic Activity, Overview of Enzyme Kinetics, Simple Reversible Inhibition Systems, Irreversible Inhibition, Allosteric Enzymes: Cooperativity, Regulation of Enzyme Concentration, Control of Transcription Initiation, Control of Translation, Global Control: Regulation at the Whole Cell Level, Regulation of Metabolic Networks, Branch Point Classification, Coupled Reactions and the Role of Global Currency Metabolites.

UNIT 4

METABOLIC ENGINEERING IN PRACTICE: 10 hours Enhancement of Product Yield and Productivity, Ethanol, Amino Acids, Solvents, Extension of Substrate Range, Metabolic Engineering of Pentose Metabolism for Ethanol Production, Cellulose-Hemicellulose Depolymerization, Lctose and Whey Utilization, Sucrose Utilization, Starch Degrading Microorganisms, Extension of Product Spectrum and Novel Products, Antibiotics, Polyketides, Vitamins, Biopolymers, Biological Pigments, Hydrogen, Pentoses: Xylitol, Improvement of Cellular Properties, Alteration of Nitrogen Metabolism, Enhanced Oxygen Utilization, Prevention of Overflow Metabolism, Alteration of Substrate Uptake, Maintenance of Genetic Stability, Xenobiotic Degradation, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Benzene, Toluene, P-Xylene Mixtures (BTX).

Total: 40 Hours

UBT825E: CHEMICAL PLANT UTILITIES AND SAFETY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Introduction: 10 Hours Different utilities. Role of utilities in process plant operations and criteria for selection and estimation of suitable utilities. Water: Water resources. Process water, Cooling water, drinking water and boiler feed water Quality Standards. Water treatment processes for drinking, process and boiler feed. Storage and handling of water. Types and selection of pumps, piping and accessories. Water pre treatment, Air: Compressed air, blower air, fan air. Types of compressor and vacuum pumps and selection. Power requirements, performance and related calculations. Booster and receivers. Quality of compressed air for instruments and processes. Compressed air distribution system-piping and accessories. Air-water vapour system: humidification/ dehumidification and evaporative cooling-related calculations.

UNIT 2 Steam And Power: 10 Hours Steam generation in chemical plants. Types of boilers and waste heat boilers. Fuels-types, emissions and global warming, green fuels. Calorific value. Proximate and ultimate analysis. HHV, LHV and related calculations. Cogeneration power plants. CHPs and Boiler performance. Related Calculations. Economy of steam generation with different fuels, related calculation. Steam storage and handling-piping and accessories. Refrigeration: Different refrigeration systems and their characteristics. Air-conditioning systems. Coefficient of performance. Power requirements and refrigeration effect-related calculations for each type of refrigeration system. Refrigerant properties and selection. Some commonly used refrigerants and secondary refrigerants.

UNIT 3 Insulation: 10 Hours Insulation Materials & Selection-Economics of insulation. Insulating factors. Properties & Classification. Cold insulation and cryogenic insulation. Introduction To Process Safety: Intrinsic & Extrinsic Safety. The Hazards-Toxicity, Flammability, Fire , Explosions. Sources of ignition, Pressure. Hazard and risk assessment methods. MSDS.

UNIT 4 Safety Devices: 10 Hours Pressure relief valves. Ruptures discs. Blow down systems. Flare systems. Flame arrestors. Deflagration arrestors and explosion suppression. Personal safety devices. Process Safety Analysis: HAZAN and HAZOP comparison.. Risk analysis and estimation. Safety check list. Computer based quantitative risk analysis. Total: 40 Hours

UBT826E: NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Introduction to nanotechnology: 10Hours A Brief History of the Super Small; Bottom-Up versus Top-Down; What Is Nanobiotechnology. Discussions on nanofabrication, nanolithography, nanobiotechnology, nanotubes, buckyballs, structure-property relationships in materials, materials characterization techniques, microelectronic fabrication, scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy, biomolecule-surface interactions, quantum dots, and hybrid biological inorganic devices.

UNIT 2 BioMEMS: 10 Hours Introduction, Biosignal Transduction Mechanisms, Electromagnetic Transducers: Basic Sensing Mechanisms, Basic Actuating Mechanisms, Case Studies in Biomagnetic Sensors; Mechanical Transducers: Basic Sensing Mechanisms, Basic Actuating Mechanisms, Case Studies in Microfluidic Devices; Chemical Transducers: Basic Sensing Mechanisms, Basic Actuating Mechanisms; Optical Transducers: Basic Sensing Mechanisms, Basic Actuating Mechanisms, Recent Developments in BioMEMS.

UNIT 3 Drug Delivery: 10 Hours Drug Delivery Applications, Bioavailability, Sustained and targeted release, Nanorobots, Benefits of Nano-Drug Delivery, Drug Discovery Using Nanocrystals, Drug Discovery Using Resonance Light Scattering (RLS),Technology, Rapid Ex-Vivo Diagnostics, Benefits of Nano-Imaging Agents, Nanoscale Biosensors, Nanosensors in Drug Discovery, Nanosensors as Diagnostics,Nanotherapeutics

UNIT 4 APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES: 10 Hours Buckyballs and Buckytubes, Fluidics, Manufacturing, Diagnostics and Sensors, Drug Delivery, Valuing Nanobiotechnology, Drug Delivery Revenues, Biosensors Revenues, Drug Delivery, Nanobiosensors, Health Risks, and Challenges. Nanoparticles, Membranes I Matrices, Nanoshells, Quantum Dot Nan crystals, Nanotubes, Targeting and Fictionalization, Leading Segments of Nanobiotechnology, Leading Applications of Nanobiotechnologies

Total: 40 Hours

UBT825E:FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT1 10 hours Introduction: Hunger, Technology and World food needs-nutritional problems, approaches to combat world hunger, roles of technology. Recent Developments in food biotechnology, introduction to molecular food biotechnology. Novel bioprocessing: Biosensors for food quality assessment, cold active enzymes in food processing, biotransformation in food industries. Nutrigenomics: Definition of Nutriomics, Nutrigenetics, and its applications, Nutritional genomics and applications in brief. Nutrigenetics and cancer.

UNIT 2 Microbialbiotechnologyoffood: 10 hours Metabolic engineering of bacteria for food ingredients (Amino acids, organic acids, vitamins). Introduction to technologies for microbial production of food ingredients. Solid-state fermentation for food applications (enzymes, pigments). Biotechnology of microbial polysaccharides- natural occurrence of microbial polysaccharides in foods, additives (xanthan) and its future, Microbial biotechnology of food flavor, oils and fats. Food applications of algae-nutritional value, source of neutraceuticals and industrial production processes (chlorella, spirulina, Agar, alginate). Genetics of Dairy starter cultures. UNIT 3 Plantfoodapplications: 10 hours Genomic basics for food improvement, molecular design of soybean proteins for enhanced food quality, Genetic modifications of plant starches, plant oils, for food applications. Bioprocessing of starch using enzyme

technology. Molecular biotechnology for neutraceutical enrichment of food crops, Biotechnology of nonnutritive sweeteners, metabolic redesign of vitamin -E biosynthesis, production of new metabolites, Engineering of provitamin- A ,biosynthetic pathway into rice(Golden rice), Engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis for antioxidants, approaches to improve nutritional quality and shelf life of fruits and vegetables. UNIT4 12 hours Transplastomic technology (chloroplast engineering) :Enhancement of leaf quality protein for ruminant animals. Methods of chloroplast transformation, markers for transformation, engineering chloroplast for the production of edible vaccine, Transplastomic maize- a case study. Animal food applications: Genetic modification of production traits in farm animals, Foods made from GM animals, applications of transgenic fish technology in sea food production, enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides-progress and recent trends. Food safety: international aspects of the quality and safety, genetically modified food controversies. Regulation of the release of genetic modified organisms, patenting inventions in food biotechnology. Total Hours: 42

UBT827E: PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

Introduction: 10 Hours Introduction to pharmaceutical biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Industry. Drug design, development and Economics, Fundamental principles and practical processes involved in preclinical and clinical development of a chemical or biological entity. Orphan drugs Provisions for and use of unlicensed medicines, Drug abuse and dependence, Prescription and Non-prescription drugs. Drug metabolism: Evolution of Drug Metabolism as a Science, Phase I Metabolism (microsomal oxidation, hydroxylation, dealkylation) Phase II Metabolism (Drug conjugation pathway) .Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of drugs .

UNIT 2

Toxicology: 10 Hours Basic concepts in toxicology, the mechanism of toxin action, biotransformation of toxins, their inactivation and removal from the body, Reactive intermediates. Manufacturing principles and formulations: Definitions, Historical use and applications, composition, preparation, physicochemical considerations, short study of current biotech products, herbal medicines. Quality control, storage and stability of biotech products. Preformulation Testing, Concept of preformulation, and their parameters. Tablets, compressed tablets, tablet granulation, Coatings, Pills, Parental preparations, herbal extracts, Oral liquids, Ointments.

UNIT 3

Stem cells in health care: 10 Hours Introduction to Stem Cell Biology, Fate Mapping of Stem Cells Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Stem Cells and Neurogenesis and its application , Epidermal Stem Cells, Liver Stem Cells, Pancreatic Stem Cells, Stem Cells in the Epithelium of the Small Intestine and Colon. Application of epidermal stem cell in Tissue engineering, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Classification and clinical manifestations of hematopoietic stem cell disorders. Drug delivery system: Advanced Sustained Release Drug Delivery System, Advanced drug Delivery Systems, Liposomes and Nanoparticles Drug Delivery System, Biodegradable Drug Delivery System, Hydrogel based Drug Delivery System.

UNIT 4

Analysis of biologicals & pharmaceuticals: 10 Hours Vitamins Cold remedies Laxatives Analgesics, Non-steroidal contraceptives, External antiseptics, Antacids, Antibiotics, Biologicals, Herbal products. Packaging techniques – Glass containers, plastic containers, film wrapper, bottle seals. Advanced pharmacology: Introduction to pharmaceutical chemistry, classification of drugs based on therapeutic actions using suitable examples. Antineoplastic agents, Immunomodulators, Heavy metals and heavy metal antagonists, Therapeutic gases. Free radical biology and antioxidants. Quality assurance and control. Total: 40 Hours

UBT828E: LAB TO INDUSTRIAL SCALING 3 Credits: (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION 10 Hours Fermentation as a Biochemical process, Microbial biomass, Enzymes, Metabolites recombinant products. INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT MICROBES Isolation of industrially important microorganisms preservation of microbes, Strain development by various methods, Isolation of mutants and recombinants, application of continuous, batch and fed batch culture.

UNIT 2 RAW MATERIALS AND STERILIZATION 10 Hours Selection of typical raw materials, Different media for fermentation, Optimization of medial, Different sterilization methods Design of batch sterilization & continuous sterilization, filter sterilization PREPARATION OF INOCULUM Inoculum preparation from laboratory scale to pilot scale and large scale fermentation, maintenance of aseptic condition.

UNIT 3 DESIGN OF FERMENTERS 10 Hours Basic structure of fermenter body construction. Description of different parts of fermenter, Different types of fermenters. Different methods to achieve aseptic conditions , maintanance of aseptic conditions during operation AREATION AND AGITATION Supply of oxygen, fluid rheology, factors affecting aeration and agitation. Scale up and scale down of aeration and agitation.

UNIT 4 PROCESS CONTROL 10 Hours Instruments involved in the fermentation, control of pressure, temperature, flow rate, agitation, stirring, foaming. Online analysis for measurement of physico chemical and biochemical parameters. Method of online and off line bio mass estimation. Flow injection analysis for measurement of substrates products and other metabolites, computer based data acquisition.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT829E: FACILITATION, VALIDATION & QUALITY CONTROL

3Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 Introduction: 10 Hours Validation and Regulatory Affairs in Bio (Pharmaceutical) Manufacturing: An Introduction to FDA Operations & Industry Compliance Regulations, The Fundamentals of Regulatory Compliance with respect to Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) & Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Process Validation & how it Differs from Qualification (IQ, OQ & PQ) Procedures, A Review of Prospective, Concurrent, Retrospective Validation & Revalidation including the use of Statistical Process Control (SPC) Techniques

UNIT 2 Validation: 10 Hours Validation of Water & Thermal Systems, including HVAC Facilities & Cleaning Validation. Validation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) & Aseptic Processes. Validation of Non- Sterile Processes (used in the manufacture of Solids, Liquids, & Semisolid Dosage Forms). Overview of method evolution, FDA and ICH guidelines, Development and validation, Basic statistical concepts, Outliers, Specificity: sample preparation, Specificity: separations, Specificity: detectors, Linearity, Accuracy, Precision, Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), Minimum detectable amount (MDA), Sample stability and method robustness, Window diagrams, System suitability, Statistical process control for HPLC, Sustainable validation, Troubleshooting out-of-control systems, Case studies.

UNIT 3 Gamp: 10 Hours Medical Device, In-Vitro Diagnostics & Packaging Validation Issues, Validation of Analytical Methods, Computerized & Automated Systems under 21 CFR Part 11 & the Influence of Good Automated Manufacturing Practice (GAMP); The FDA's Approach to GMP Inspections of Pharmaceutical Companies. Standards Introduction, ISO 9000 Series of Standards, Management Responsibility, Quality System, Contract Review, Design Control, Document and Data Control, Preservation and Delivery, Control of Quality Records, Internal Quality Audits, Training, Servicing, Statistical Techniques, ISO-9001-2000, Scope, Normative Reference, Terms and Definitions, Quality Management, System, Documents Requirements, Management's Responsibility, Resource Management, Infrastructure, Product Realization, Measurement, Analysis and Improvement, ISO-14001 - Environmental Management Systems.

UNIT 4 Implemenation: 10 Hours Quality System, Contract Review, Design Control, Document and Data Control, Purchasing,Control of Customer Supplied Product, Product Identification and Traceability, Process Control, Inspection and Testing, Final Inspection and Testing, Control of Inspection, Measuring and Test Equipment, Inspection and Test Status, Control of Nonconforming Product, Corrective and Preventive Action, Handling, Storage, Packaging, Preservation and Delivery, Control of Quality Records, Internal Quality Audits, Training, Servicing, Statistical Techniques. Quality Terminology Relating to Quality, Quality Requirement, Customer Satisfaction, Capability; Terms Relating to Management, Management System, Quality Management System, Quality Policy, Quality Objectives, Quality Planning, Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Quality Improvement, Continual Improvement, Effectiveness, Efficiency; Relating to Process and Product, Process, Product, Procedure; Terms relating to Characteristics, Quality Characteristics; Terms Relating to Conformity, Non-Conformity, Defect, Preventive Action, Corrective Action, Correction, Rework, Regrade, Repair, Scrap, Concession, Deviation Permit, Release; Terms Relating to Documentation, Information, Document, Specification, Quality Manual, Quality Plan, Record; Terms Relating of Examination, Objective Evidence, Inspection, Test. Metrological Confirmation. Total: 40 Hours

UBT830E: CLINICAL RESEARCH 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION: 10 Hours The philosophy behind organization of research. Disease target identification and selection. Patenting new active substances. Receptor-based approaches, agonists, antagonists, enzyme inhibitors. Lead optimization and candidate selection of molecules for exploratory human investigation. In vitro and In vivo testing of new compounds Relationship between animal and human pharmacology. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pre-clinical development to support testing in humans. Safety testing, Pharmaceutical development -formulations, manufacture and supply of materials, labeling and presentation, stability and storage, purity, compatibility, disposal; Concepts of Pharmacovigilance.

UNIT 2 THERAPEUTICS: 10 Hours Clinical importance of Therapeutic Proteins, Antibodies, Enzymes; Hormones and Growth Factors, Interferon’s, Interleukins and Additional Regulatory Factors. MANAGEMENT OF DRUGS Management of common acute and chronic diseases. Major drug classes including biologicals. Measurement of drug effects Adverse drug reactions (short term & long term). Benefit and risk, Drug interactions; Prescribing for particular populations . Controlled drugs and drug dependence, Over dosage and treatment of poisoning. Patient compliance and information, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.

UNIT 3 HEALTHCARE MARKETPLACE: 10 Hours National and local formularies. Product information (Generic v/s Rx), advertising and claims Product support and promotion Product life-cycle management Product liability Codes of practice including the MHRA Blue Principles of health economics Pharmacoepidemiology Competition, in-licensing, co-marketing. SOCIAL, ETHICAL ISSUES: patents and copyrights. Social-genetic discrimination: insurance and employment, human cloning, foeticide, sex determination. Ethical: somatic and germ line gene therapy, clinical trials, the right to information, ethics committee function. Preservation and clinical use of blood and blood components.

UNIT 4 CLINICAL RESEARCH: 10 Hours Types of Epidemiology study designs, ecological (correlation) studies, Case reports and case series, prevalence surveys or cross-sectional studies, case control studies, Clinical Trials, Small Clinical Trials, Placebo Responses in Clinical Trials, Large Clinical Trials and Registries – Clinical Research Institutes, Data Management in Clinical Research : General Principles and Guide to Sources, Clinical Research from Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective. Total: 40 Hours

UBT831E: BIOMATERIALS 3 Credits (3-0-0)

UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION: 10 hours Introduction, Historical developments, construction materials, impact of biomaterials, strength of biological tissues, performance of implants, tissue response to implants, interfacial phenomena, safety and efficacy testing. Structure and Properties of Materials: Atomic and molecular bonds, crystal structure of solids, phase changes, crystal imperfections, non-crystalline solids, surface properties, mechanical properties of materials, thermal treatments, surface improvements, sterilization.

METALS & CERAMICS Introduction, Stainless steels, Cobalt-Chromium alloys, Titanium based alloys, Nitinol, other metals, metallic Corrosion, biological tolerance of implant metals, Carbons, Alumina, Yttria stabilized zirconia, surface reactive ceramics, reabsorbable ceramics, composites, analysis of ceramic surfaces

UNIT 2 SYNTHETIC POLYMERS: 10 hours Polymers in biomedical use, polyethylene and polypropylene, perfluorinated polymers, acrylic polymers, hydrogels, polyurethanes, polyamides, biodegradable synthetic polymers, silicone rubber, plasma polymerization, micro-organisms in polymeric implants, polymer sterilization. BIOCOMPATIBILITY Definition, Wound healing process-bone healing, tendon healing. Material response: Function and Degradation of materials in vivo. Host response: Tissue response to biomaterials , Effects of wear particles. Testing of implants: Methods of test for biological performance-In vitro implant tests, In vivo implant test methods. Qualification of implant materials.

UNIT 3 BIOPOLYMERS: 10 hours Polymers as biomaterials, microstructure, mechanical properties – effects of environment on elastic moduli, yield strength and fracture strengths, sterilization and disinfections of polymeric materials. Biocompatibility of polymers, polymers as biomaterials, heparin and heparin-like polysaccharides, proteoglycans, structure and biological activities of native sulfated glycosaminoglycans, chemically modified glycosaminoglycans, heparin like substances from nonglycosaminoglycan polysaccharides and microbial glycosaminoglycan, surface immobilized heparins. MEDICAL DEVICES Polyurethane elastomers, applications of polymers in medicine and surgery. Skin graft polymers, biodegradable polymers in drug delivery and drug carrier systems. Properties of implant materials, metals and alloys, polymers, ceramics and composites, qualification of implant materials, goal of clinical trials, design and conclusion of clinical trials.

UNIT 4

CARDIOVASCULAR BIOMATERIALS: 10 hours Tissue properties of blood vessels, Treatments of atherosclerosis; Biomechanical design issues pertaining to stents, balloon angioplasty, and pacemakers. Soft Tissue Reconstruction; Natural and Synthetic. Wound healing. Tissue ingrowths: Stability; Biofixation, Foreign Body response, Soft implants. Case Studies. Tissue Engineering: Current issues and Future Directions. REGULATORY ISSUES Review of Cell and Tissue Structure and their Functions. Functional Requirements of Biomaterials and Tissue Replacements. Synthetic Biomaterials: Metals, Polymers, Ceramics, Gels, Hybrids, Sterilization Technology. Foreign Body Response, Biocompatibility and Wound Healing.

Total: 40 Hours

UBT832E: HEALTH DIAGNOSTICS 3 Credits: (3-0-0)

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION: 10 Hours Biochemical disorders, Immune disorders, Infectious diseases, Parasitic diseases, Genetic disorders chromosomal disorders, single cell disorders and complex traits. Chromosomal disorders : autosomal; sex chromosomal; karyotype analysis. DNA BASED DIAGNOSTICS G-banding, in situ hybridization (FISH and on-FISH), and comparative genomic, hybridization (CGH). Cancer cytogenetics: spectral karyotyping. DNA diagnostics: PCR based diagnostics; ligation chain reaction, Southern

blot diagnostics, array-based diagnostics, Genome sequencing and Metagenomics, DNA sequencing, genetic profiling, single nucleotide polymorphism. Haemoglobinopathies. Neuro developmental disorders. Neuro degenerative disorders. Dynamic mutations. G-banded chromosomal preparations for detection of autosomes of autosomal/sex chromosomal disorders. (translocation, deletion, Down’s syndrome, Klumefelter syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, etc.) FISH for detections of: translocations, inversions (using appropriate probes) (e.g., chro 9-22 translocation; X-Y translocation).

UNIT 2 BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTICS: 10 Hours Inborn errors of metabolism, haemoglobinopathies, mucopolysaccharidoses, lipidoses, lipid profiles, HDL, LDL, Glycogen storage disorders, amyloidosis CELL BASED DIAGNOSTICS: Antibody markers, CD Markers, FACS, HLA typing, Bioassays,

UNIT 3

IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS: 10 Hours Introduction, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Conjugation Techniques, Antibody Production, Enzymes and Signal Amplification Systems, Separation and Solid-Phase Systems, Case studies related to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Diagnosis of infectious diseases, respiratory diseases (influenza, etc.) Viral diseases-HIV etc., bacterial diseases, enteric diseases, parasitic diseases and mycobacterium diseases. Phage display, immunoarrays, FACs.

UNIT 4 IMAGING DIAGNOSTICS: 10 Hours Imaging Techniques (Basic Concepts), Invasive and Non-Invasive, Electrocardiography (ECG), Uses of ECG, Electroencephalography (EEG), Use of EEG, Computerized Tomography (CT), Uses of CT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), uses of MRI, Ultrasound Imaging (US), Uses of Ultrasound, Planning and Organization of Imaging Services in Hospital, Introduction, Planning, Physical Facilities, Layout, Organization, Organization and Staffing, Records, Policies, Radiation Protection.

Total: 40 Hours

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION B.E. III … OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION B.E. III SEMESTER...

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