SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review Explain the significance of this experiment.
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Transcript of SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review Explain the significance of this experiment.
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Explain the significance of this experiment
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Griffith Experiment proved bacterial transformation occurred through a physical, heritable means: but, was it protein or DNA?
Still not conclusive…
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Explain the significance of
this experiment
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Hershey & Chase
Experiment
Demonstrates that it’s DNA, not protein,
passed on from one generation
to another:
35S not found in offspring virus
32P present in offspring virus
35S 32P
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Another Look at the Hershey & Chase
Experiment
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
U. DNA Nucleotide
V. Phosphate
W.Adenine
X.Cytosine
Y. Gene Locus, DNA backbone
Z. Hydrogen bonds
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Avery & MacLeod Experiment: If you damage DNA, you destroy heredity.
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Match-up Question:1. Meselson & Stahl = C
2. Chargaff = G3. Meischer = E4. Franklin = A
5. Watson & Crick = H6. Hershey & Chase = F
7. Avery, MacLeod, McCarty = D8. Griffith = B
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Identify the labeled structures:
A Amino Acid
B tRNA
C Anticodon
E mRNA
F Ribosome
G Polypeptide
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Identify the labeled structures:
1 Lagging Strand2 Leading Strand
3 DNA pol.4 Ligase
5 RNA Primer6 Primase
7 Okazaki fragment
8 DNA pol.9 Helicase10 ssb’s
11 Gyrase
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – 6.4 DNA Replication & RepairQ 1: Replication is more suitable because it conveys not
only the precision required, but also the semi-conservative nature of DNA synthesis: “half old, half new”
Q 3: Table 1 information:R.O: the starting point, at an RNA primer
H: Unzips DNA strandsR.F: point of DNA strand separationT: aka gyrase; untwists DNA helix
SSB: loosely bound to DNA strands, prevent reannealingR.B.: gap between two replication forks
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – 6.4 continuedQ 4: Table information:
NT: provides bases for the nucleotidesPB: strong covalent bond of DNA backboneRNAp: builds a primer needed for DNApol
RNA primer: provides attachment pt for DNApolDNApolIII: extends the DNA chain
LdS: 5’ 3’ direction, continuous synthesisLgS: 3’ 5’ orientation, discontinuous syn.
OF: short DNA strands of Lagging strandDNApolI: aka RNAse H; removes primer
Ligase: joins Okazaki fragments
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – 6.4 continuedQ 5: Table information:
Bp mismatch leads to a bulge or twist in the DNA double helix. The weakened point could lead to a gross chromosomal
mutation.DNA repair complex, involves DNApol II & I; able to ‘edit’ point
mutations in most cases by excising incorrect nucleotide, replacing w correct one.
Q 6: Diagram Labels:1. Helicase & Gyrase2. Replication Fork
3. SSb’s 4. Ligase 5. point of ligation6. DNA Polymerase III 7. Template strand
8. 9. Okazaki fragments 10. RNA primer 11. Primase
SBI4U Molecular Genetics ReviewReview Booklet – 7.2 Transcription & 7.3 Translation
Q 1: Table information:Promoter + TATA Box: site of RNA polymerase binding
RNA Polymerase: synthesis of new mRNA strand
Coding strand: DNA strand NOT being transcribed. 5’ 3’Template strand: 3’ 5’ strand of DNA that IS being
transcribed.*it must be this strand in order to ensure mRNA is made in
5’ 3’ direction
Start Codon: TAC triplet that indicates start point of transcription
Q 2: uh….. Transcription, perhaps? Give us some credit, textbook.
Q 1: tRNA is much shorter than mRNAQ 2: why yes, I do have a picture to show you!
SBI4U Molecular Genetics ReviewReview Booklet –7.3 Translation
Q 3: Anticodon sequences will be: CAA, CGG, UUU, GGA
Q 4: This is a property of the code called Code Redundancy. A limited set of bases in the ribonucleotides (A, C, G, U) can be rearranged into 61 codons (64, with the stop codons!) for the 20 amino acids. Proteins are
built out of a limited ‘alphabet’ of 20 amino acids by repetition and duplication of them, as needed.
Q 5: A Ribosome is made of two different parts, called the small and large ribosomal subunits. mRNA threads through a ribosome.
A tRNA molecule, with an amino acid attached to it and the anticodon that pairs with the amino acid’s mRNA codon,
introduces the amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain next. The amino acid is added to the chain and the tRNA is
released. Other tRNA molecules add subsequent amino acids to the polypeptide.
And that, children, is the world’s lamest fill in the blanks paragraph. #aminoacid
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – Chapter 7 summaryQ 5: Transcription diagram:
a. DNA b. RNA polymerase c. mRNA
Q 6: Translation diagram:a. Ribosome b. mRNAc. anticodons d. codon
e. Ribosomal large subunit, A sitef. P Site g. E site h. polypeptide
i. tRNA
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – short answer questionsQ 1: DNA excision (cutting) by restriction enzymes, and
complementary pairingQ 2: Bacteria conjugate, Viruses transfer plasmids to
host cellsQ 5: Introduction of desirable traits into crop
plants or farm animalsQ 6: By creating transgenic bacteria to produce clotting factor much more quickly in a lab setting
Q 7: Paternity testing; criminal forensics; paleobiology; taxonomy; identification of missing persons, etc.
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – short answer questionsQ 9 - 20: Matching Test
9B 10C 11E 12A 13B 14D15C 16B 17E 18B 19C 20B
Q 21: A Q 22: E Q 23: BQ 24: E Q 25: B Q 26: B Q 27: E
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – short answer questionsQ 4-13: 4A 5B 6A 7B 8A 9B 10B 11B 12A 13B
Q14-21: 14B 15B* (really all of them!) 16A 17B 18C 19A 20B 21B
Q22: ACGGAAUCUUC
Q23. Initiation: Binding of mRNA to Ribosome, translation begins; Elongation: adding a.a. to
the polypeptide; Termination: release of ribosome when STOP codon reached.
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – short answer questionsQ 25-29: 25C 26A 27A 28B,D 29D
Q30: Absence of Lactose: Repressor protein is free to bind to DNA & prevent transcription. Presence of Lactose: Repressor protein is disabled by Lactose, changed shape prevents it from binding to DNA – transcription proceeds
as RNA polymerase binds to DNA.
Q31. Exons = coding; Introns = junk DNA.Q32. Promoter = identifies beginning of gene locus, binds RNA polymerase; Enhancer = binds proteins that enhance
(improve, promote) transcription. Q 34: A Q 35: A
SBI4U Molecular Genetics Review
Review Booklet – short answer questionsQ 6,7,8: See notes on DNA discovery!
Q 9: TCCAGTTACGCG
Q 10: Semi-conservative: half old, half new; template DNA opens up & is copied by enzymes, producing two new DNA molecules, each consisting of one template
strand & one new.
Q12-16: 12D 13B 14C 15A 16E
Q17. C Q 18: B or D both valid
Q19: C Q 20: E Q 21: D