Sayre2e ch25 integrated_lecture_pp_ts-150666

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Germain Boffrand. Salon de la Princesse de Soubise (Salon ovale), Hôtel de Soubise, Paris. ca. 1740.

33' x 26' ovoid.


Charles-Joseph Natoire. Salon de la Princesse de Soubise, Hôtel de Soubise, Paris: Cupid and Psyche, painted section of ceiling. 1738.

5’ 7-3/4" × 8’ 6-3/8”.


Map: Europe in 1750.

The RococoWhat is the Rococo?

• Rococo Painting in France: The Fete Galante and the Art of Love — The subject matter is frivolous, emphasizing the pursuit of pleasure, particularly love. Watteau painted celebrations or parties enjoyed by an elite group in a pastoral or garden setting. Boucher was notorious for painting nude goddesses and Fragonard suggests erotic intrigue in his most famous painting.

• Rococo Architecture and Landscape Design in Central Europe and England — Architecture took on a curvilinear style embodied by Neumann and Tiepolo in Bavaria. Frederick I of Prussia favored ostentation and extravagance, his son, Frederick the Great, lavished attention on his palace highlighted by gilded stucco decorations. The English garden has walkways that are serpentine as opposed to the geometrical layout of the French garden.


Jean-Antoine Watteau. The Embarkation from Cythera. ca. 1718-19.50-3/4" × 76-3/8”.


François Boucher. Madame de Pompadour. 1756.79-1/8" × 61-7/8”.


François Boucher. The Toilet of Venus. Signed and dated lower right: f-Boucher-1751. 1751.

42-5/8" × 33-1/8”.


Jean-Antoine Watteau. Closer Look: Watteau's The Signboard of Gersaint. ca. 1721.

5’ 4" × 10’ 1”.


Peter Paul Rubens. Closer Look: Watteau's The Signboard of Gersaint: The Coronation of Marie de’ Medici by Rubens. 1622-25.

12’ 11" × 23’ 10”.


Jean-Honoré Fragonard. The Swing. 1767.32-5/8" × 26”.


Balthasar Neumann. Kaisersaal, Residenz, Würzburg, Germany. 1719-44.


Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. Kaisersaal, Residenz, Würzburg, Germany: Ceiling fresco. 1751.


Map: Prussia in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.


Concert hall, Sanssouci Palace, Potsdam, Germany, with French painter Antoine Pesne's wall painting illustrating an episode from Ovid's

Metamorphoses. ca. 1746-47.


Johann Friedrich Schleuen, after Friedrich Zacarias Saltzmann. Sanssouci Palace, Potsdam, Germany: General Plan. 1772.

18-1/8" × 32-3/8”.


Henry Flitcroft and Henry Hoare. The Park at Stourhead, Wiltshire, England. 1744-65.


Claude Lorrain. The Rest on the Flight into Egypt (Noon). 1661.45-5/8" × 62-7/8”.


Charles Bridgeman and Lancelot “Capability” Brown. Plan of the Gardens of the Most Noble Marquis of Buckingham at Stowe, from the Visitor’s

Guide Book. 1797.

The PhilosophesWho are the philosophes?

• Denis Diderot and the Encyclopedie — The crowning achievement of the philosophes edited by Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert and intended “to change the general way of thinking.”

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Cost of the Social Contract — Rousseau contributed to the Encyclopedie and believed in the natural goodness of humankind which is corrupted by society and the growth of civilization.

• Voltaire and French Satire — Voltaire championed freedom of thought, including the freedom to be absolutely pessimistic, a theme that dominates Candide.

• Art Criticism and Theory — Diderot began reviewing the Paris Salons for a private newsletter and the separation of “fine arts” from “liberal arts” commenced.

• Discussion Question: What were the ideals of the Philosophes? Were they generally realized in Rococo culture?


Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin. A Philosopher Occupied with His Reading. 1734.

54-3/8" × 41-3/8”.


A Brazier’s Workshop, from the Encyclopédie, edited by Denis Diderot.


Anicet-Charles-Gabriel Lemonnier, after François Boucher. Reading of Voltaire’s Tragedy ‘L’orphelin de la Chine’ at the Salon of Madame Geoffrin

in 1755, after Boucher's drawing. 1812.


Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin. The Brioche (The Dessert). 1763.18-1/2" × 22”.

Rococo and Classical MusicWhat are the characteristics of Classical music?

• The Symphonic Orchestra — This ensemble was larger than previously and divided into separate sections according to type of instruments. The Symphonic Form was developed.

• The String Quartets of Joseph Haydn — This ensemble was the first of the new Classical genres and featured two violins, a viola, an a cello.

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Classical Complexity — Mozart’s music was generally regarded as overly complicated for a popular audience to absorb such as Symphony No. 40.

• The Popularization of Opera — This form announced the death of the Rococo. Opera buffa emerged and Mozart united opera seria with opera buffa.

• Discussion Question: How does string quartet music differ from that for a symphonic orchestra? Why is there need for each?


The Classical symphonic orchestra in the time of Mozart and Haydn (diagram).


The Classical symphonic orchestra today (diagram).


Devices of standard musical notation.


Sonata form (diagram).

Active Listening Guide: Haydn: Symphony No. 94, III

MyArtsLabChapter 25 – The Rococo and the Enlightenment On the Continent


Michel Barthélémy Ollivier. Tea at Prince Louis-François de Conti’s in the Temple, Paris. 1766.

Active Listening Guide: Mozart: Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, I



Jean-Étienne Liotard. Still Life: Tea Set. ca. 1781-83.14-7/8" × 20-5/16”.

China and Europe: Cross-Cultural ContactHow did China and the West influence one another?

• The Arts in the Qing Dynasty — Western conventions were expressed as artists created images for export to both the West and Japan though traditional Chinese art was valued.

• Celebrating Tradition: The Great Jade Carving — An enormous piece of jade was discovered near Khotan and the Quianlong emperor realized its propagandistic value. He commissioned the subject depicting a mythical emperor taming a flood.


Map: The Far East, ca. 1600-1799.

Closer Look: Europe’s Chinoiserie Craze.



William Marlow. View of the Wilderness at Kew. 1763.11-1/16" × 17-13/16”.


François Boucher. Le Chinois Galant. 1742.41" × 57”.


Jean Denis Attiret. The Presentation of Uigur Captives, within the series Battle Scenes of the Quelling of Rebellions in the Western Regions, with

Imperial Poems. ca. 1765-74; poem dated 1760.51 × 87 cms.


Guangzhou (Canton), after William Hogarth. Porcelain punch bowl, painted with copy of William Hogarth’s print, The Gates of Calais. ca. 1750-55.

Diameter: 16”.


Qing dynasty. View of Suzhou Showing the Gate of Changmen. 1734.42-3/4" × 22”.


Wang Hui. A Thousand Peaks and Myriad Ravines. 1693.8’ 2-1/2" × 3’ 4-1/2”.


Qing dynasty. Yu the Great Taming the Waters. Completed 1787.7’ 1/4" × 3’ 1-3/4”.


Elisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun. Continuity & Change: Marie-Antoinette en Chemise. 1783.

33-1/2" × 28-1/4”.


Jacques-Louis David. Continuity & Change: Marie-Antoinette conduite au supplice (Queen Marie-Antoinette on the way to the guillotine). 1783.

Sayre2e ch25 integrated_lecture_pp_ts-150666

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