SavvyData 'Ace of Charts' in FileMaker Pro 11
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Transcript of SavvyData 'Ace of Charts' in FileMaker Pro 11
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“Ace of Charts” Webinar: FileMaker-Native Graphs
Lee Lukehart SavvyData Inc.
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Facts about Lee
Certified Developer, FileMaker 11/10/9/8/7
Authorized Trainer, FileMaker 11/10/9/8/7
FBA member since 2002 (FSA)
Practicing consultant
Datavis enthusiast
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Assumptions about You
Experienced FileMaker Pro developer
Not a graphic designer
Want to produce effective graphs
for management vs. marketing and for business vs. science
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This web seminar…
will offer:
A bit of theory
A bit of how-to
Alerts to “gotchas”
Cool techniques
will not present:
Dogma
Charting basics
Schema design
Detailed calcs
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Visual is our dominant modality
We evolved biologically to rely primarily on sight
>50% of the brain is used for visual processing
We use visual metaphors to understand our world
Visualization is everywhere we look! (pun intended)
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Visualization Classifications
http://www.visual-literacy.org/periodic_table/periodic_table.html
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Visualization Classifications
http://www.visual-literacy.org/periodic_table/periodic_table.html
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Native Charts Types in FileMaker Pro
Bar
Horizontal Bar
Line
Area
Pie
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Composite Charts in FileMaker Pro
Bullet
Sparkline
Horizon
Gauge
download demo files of these techniques from savvydata.com/resources/
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Purpose of Charting
Discern relationships between data points or series
Identify patterns, trends and exceptions
Evoke a story about the data
Engage » Inform » Induce Decision/Action
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Problems with Charts
Can be Confusing
Can be Boring
Can be Inaccurate and Misleading
Can be Ineffective and Worthless (or worse)
To be compelling, efficiently display meaningful and unambiguous data.
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Example
A
Identify a pattern, trend or exception:
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Example
B
Identify a pattern, trend or exception:
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Example
C
Identify a pattern, trend or exception:
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Example
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Example
D
Identify a pattern, trend or exception:
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Example
D Evokes a Story
Identify a pattern, trend or exception:
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Example
E
Identify a pattern, trend or exception:
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Example
Truly Tells the Story
To be compelling, efficiently display meaningful and unambiguous data.
E
Identify a pattern, trend or exception:
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Example
Truly Tells the Story
To be compelling, efficiently display meaningful and unambiguous data.
E
Identify a pattern, trend or exception: Stacking is now respectable*…
*overlaying elements is a beneficial charting technique
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How to Produce an Effective Chart
1. Know when not to chart (a table or list may be preferable)
2. Know your data (source, scope… clean & complete?)
3. Consider your audience (their needs & familiarity)
4. Determine chart’s message or focus
5. Select an effective chart type (to best convey message)
6. Construct data transforms (aggregate/augment, as needed)
7. Conduct pre-flight checklist (for QA & K.I.S.S. testing)
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Know when not to chart
53%* of 2010 class is female
*dataset 98% complete
the chart in this example is a waste of space
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Know your data
Example
Four sets of data that produce identical statistics can look quite different when graphed...
(Anscombe’s Quartet)
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Ranking comparison (ordered by size or quantity)
Categorical/Nominal comparison (no inherent natural order)
Time series, Ordered intervals (contiguous X-axis values)
Proportion of the Whole (contribution/composition)
Variance/Deviation (to goal, history or other reference value)
Distribution (frequency, range, concentration)
Correlation (causation, dependent variable, pattern echo)
Common uses for business charts:
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Select the best chart type for the message
Bar, Vertical
Bar, Horizontal
Line
Area
Pie
To rank items, show counts, magnitudes, discrete frequency distributions; to compare different categories or one category under varied conditions; Horizontal especially suited for displaying many categories or when category labels are lengthy
To show contiguous change and other functional relationships over time; good for multiple data series; slope of line between points conveys “shape”; Area charts additionally suggest cumulative values
To represent ratios and relative proportions; inherently conveys composition and contribution
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Composite Charts in FileMaker Pro
Bullet
Sparkline
Horizon
Gauge
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Composite Charts in FileMaker Pro
Bullet graphs
stac
king
ord
er —
>
invented by Stephen Few “horizontal bar charts on steroids”
conveys several data points qualitatively
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Composite Charts in FileMaker Pro
Sparklines invented by Edward Tufte “data-intense, design-simple, word-sized graphics”
+10%
0
–10%
+5%
0
–5%
compact but informative with high data density
Conveys the “shape” of data over time
Can present as area chart; colorize for further +/– clarity:
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Composite Charts in FileMaker Pro
Horizon charts
stac
king
ord
er —
>
an atypical chart type (inverted negative scale); requires viewer familiarity
“extremely dense information packing”
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Construct data transforms as needed
Aggregate: summarized total, count, average, running average
Segment: derive subset attributes (e.g. month name, price tier)
Factor: inflation-adjusted, year-to-year change, time-shifting
Augment: extend data with truly new data (via web services, etc.)
Find: full year, by category, include/omit “others”
Organize/Sort: for display, e.g. multiple years by month
Derive new data to tell the real story
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Chart Palettes
Normal vision Simulated red-green blind
First 20 colors of each FMP 11 palette First 20 colors of each FMP 11 palette
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Color Blindness
Normal vision Simulated red-green blind
Usability resources: Photoshop CS4+ Vischeck.com Colorschemedesigner.com Etre.com
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Cognitive Tendencies We have difficulty discerning volumes and angles
How easily can you rank the following slices by size?
How about the bars?
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Cognitive Tendencies We are often fooled by “obvious” attributes
What is the difference between these two charts?
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Cognitive Tendencies
non-zero Y-axis scale minimum
Misleading Accurate and Truthful
What is the difference between these two charts?
We are often fooled by implied attributes
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Chart Scaling in FileMaker Pro
notice the scale range when the spread (low-to-high range of values) is ≥20%
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Chart Scaling in FileMaker Pro
charts dynamically scale when the value spread is <20%
(assuming y-axis scale min-max is not set)
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Chart Scaling in FileMaker Pro
notice the largest value is 90% of the scale max
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Chart Scaling in FileMaker Pro
auto-scale expands when a value is >90% (or <14%) of scale range
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Charting Pre-flight Checklist No chart/multiple charts considered
Human factors accounted for
Chart has clear message or focus
Chart type matches message
Data integrity confirmed
Min-max scale covers plotted data
Y-Axis label: units matches data
Y-Axis starts at zero (or has reason not to)
Pie charts have 7 or fewer slices
Data sorted correctly Pie chart slices in decreasing size Bar charts by rank or name order Time series complete and in sequence
Audience attributes considered
Sources footnoted for credibility
Data selection criteria documented
Last update & author info optionally noted
Chart title lists data source & data range
Descriptors (titles, legend, labels) complete
Legible font face, size and color
Color consistently applied
Info “chunked”: overview first, then detail
Each element serves a clear purpose
High data/ink ratio — chartjunk removed
Other design principles applied as needed
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Q & A
Additional resources: – demo files at savvydata.com/resources/