Save energy save enviornment ii

PRESENTED BY;SWATHI VENUGOPAL

Date;1st April 2012

“A global event created to symbolize that each one of us, working together, can make a difference on climate change.”

Earth hour

1 day ago!!!!!!

In 2012

More than 400 cities

50 million people globally

Major icons went dark

including the Sydney Opera

House, Rome’s Coliseum, and

Antarctica’s Scott Station

Why this earth hour?

What can we do as apower engineer?

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World Energy Consumption

Energy source

Non renewable energy source

Renewable energy source

Exists in finite supply Replenishes very rapidly

Is used faster than it can replenish

Inexhaustible supply

Eg; Oil, coal, nuclear fuel Eg; solar, wind ,hydropower

Non-Renewable energy sources

• coal

• petroleum

• natural gas

1.Fossil Fuels

2.Nuclear Energy

Coal

FORMATION

Petroleum & Natural Gas

FORMATION

As a source

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

•LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY IN LOW COST

•CO2, LEADS TO GREEN HOSE EFFECT

•EASY TRANSPORTATION

•SULPHUR DIOXIDE RESULTS IN ACID RAIN

•VERY EFFIENT •MINING COAL IS DANGEROUS & DIFFICULT

•IT CAN BE BUILD ALMOST ANY WHERE

•STRIP MINING DISTROY LARGE AREA OF LAND

Advantages & DISADVANTAGES

Nuclear Power

(235U) & (239Pu).

ADVANTAGES DIS ADVANTAGES

NOT SO EXPENSIVE CATASTROPHIC RISKS

NO SMOKE OR CO2 IT TAKES MANY YEARS FOR THE RADIO ACTIVITY TO DIE

HIGH EFFICENCY A LOT OF MONEY HAS TO BE SPENT FOR SAFTEY

SMALL AMOUNT OF WASTE --------------------------------------


Impact over atmosphere

Is the climate becoming warmer and warmer?


IS THERE ANY RELATION BETWEEN TEMPRATURE RISE &CO2 IN ATMOSPHERE?


CAUSES FOR INCREASED TEMPRATURE OR GLOBAL WARMING

• Natural variation

• Solar activity

• Greenhouse effect

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

“Combustion of fossil fuel naturallyinjects CO2,SO2,NO2 into theatmosphere”

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Change in precipitation.

Change in vegetation

Changes in the animal and human world in response to these environmental changes.

Melting ice and rising sea level

EFFECT OF GLOBALWARMING

Already happening

If this continues

• Hurricanes will become stronger.

• Species out of sync.

• Floods and droughts will results in fresh water scarcity.

• Diseases will spread

• Ecosystems will change.

Heart attacks ,strokes, cardiac arrhythmia ,respiratory irritation, worsen asthma, premature death

ACID RAIN

SO2+NOX+H2O+O2 ACID RAIN

NITROGEN OXIDE + VOC SMOG

SMOG

SUNLIGHT

Asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis ,eye irritation and reduced resistance to colds ,lung infections.

Global Energy Impact: CO2 emissions

Source: DTI (2002). Energy: its impact on the environment and society.

CO2 Emissions by Sector,1990-2030

CO2 emissions in power generation and transport are expected to

increase the most

0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

14 000

16 000

18 000

1990 2002 2010 2020 2030

millio

n to

nn

es o

f C

O2

Power Generation Other Transformation Industry Transport Other Sectors

HOW CAN WE PRODUCE ENERGY BY PROTECTING THE ENVIORNMENT?

1 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

2 SAVING ENERGY

Renewable energy sources

1. WIND2. TIDAL3.GEOTHERMAL4. SOLAR5. WATER

1 WIND

worth building wind farms in places that have strong, steady winds

Ranks 5th in the world

• Wind energy in India

Electricity situation in IndiaCurrent Installed Capacity - Around 130000 MWTarget Planned Capacity – 240000 MW by 2020India has been experiencing a large gap between demand and supply of electricity.Peak level shortages exceed 35%.The National Electricity Policy, 2005 expresses the need to use non-conventional energy sources


WIND IS FREE NOT ALWAYS PREDECTABLE

NO WASTE & NO GREEN

HOUSE GASES

LAND IS EXPENSIVE

TOURIST ATTRACTION NOISY

LAND BENEATH CAN BE

USED FOR FARMING

PURPOSE

KILL BIRDS

SUPPLYING ENERGY TO

REMOTE AREAS

AFFECT TV RECEPTION


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2 SUN LIGHT

SOLAR PANEL PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL

Passive solar ; direct and indirect thermal energies

Active solar; sun’s Electro magnetic radiation

http://nanosense.org/activities/cleanenergy/solarcellanimation.html

http://nanosense.org/activities/cleanenergy/solarcellanimation.html

• solar energy in India

Government encouraging Solar

energy investments..

• To help in running of solar projects, there is a subsidy of Rs12/Kwh• Capital subsidy available in case of semiconductor based units• Provisions for Accelerated depreciation available for solar manufacturers• NIL excise duty for manufacturers• Low import tariff for several raw materials and components• Soft loans to users, intermediaries and manufacturers

Grid tie system


SOLAR ENERGY IS FREE DOESN’T WORK AT

NIGHT

HANDY FOR LOW POWER

USE

EXPENSIVE

------------------------------------ NOT RELIABLE


3 TIDES

Combination of the moon and sun’s gravitational forces

TIDAL ENERGY IN INDIA

Potential sites;Gulf of Kutch ,Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat, ,the Delta of the Ganga in the Sunder bans region in West Bengal


FREE POWER AVAILABILITY

ONLY FOR 10 HOUR A

DAY

NO GREEN HOUSE

GASES

BARRIER IS EXPENSIVE

RELIABLE NEEDS WIDE AREA

NOT PREDICTABLE


4 WATER

kinetic energy contained in falling water into electricity

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY IN INDIA

Rank in world;5

Total hydro power potential;84044MW

More than 78%-Himalayan region

Classification; high head & low head

CLASSIFICATION DEPENDING ON THE HEAD

ULTRA LOW HEAD BELOW 3 METRES

MEDIUM HEAD FROM 30–75 METRES

HIGH HEAD ABOVE 75 METRES


VIRTUALLY FREE EXPENSIVE

NO WASTE BUILDING A VERY LARGE

DAM FLOOD A LARGE

AREA

RELIABLE FINDING SUTABLE SITE

IS DIFFICULT

INCREASE TO FULL

POWER QUICKLY

WATER QUALITY AND

QUANTITY

DOWNSTREAM CAN BE

AFFECTED, WHICH CAN

HAVE AN IMPACT ON

PLANT LIFE

CONSTANT GENERATION

OF ELECTRICITY


5 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geo thermal spotDry steam field ,Wet steam field, Hot water,

Geo pressure field, Magma deposits, Hot dry rocks, Volcanoes

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN INDIA

Geological Survey of India, identified350 geothermal energy locations in India

Important location;Pugavalley of Ladakh.

The estimated potential for 10000 MW.


NO POLLUTION LACK OF GEO THERMAL

SPOT

FREE FUEL SOME TIMES A

GEOTHERMAL SITE MAY

"RUN OUT OF STEAM",

PERHAPS FOR DECADES

HAZARDOUS GASES AND

MINERALS MAY COME UP


45

World Total Primary Energy Supply

**Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

46

World Energy Consumption

Oil

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear power

Hydro power

Other renewables

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mto

e

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mto

e

1.How to increase the energy efficiency of a generator?

1. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)2. Combustion optimization using modern control

systems

SAVING ENERGY

1. HVDC2. FACTS Devices3. Gas-Insulated Substations4. Superconductors5. Wide Area Monitoring Systems

2.How to increase the energyefficiency in the Power Grid?

1. Standards and labeling

2. Energy conservation building codes

3. Designated consumers

4. National Energy Conservation Awards

5. Small Group Activities on Energy Conservation

What government can do?

How to save energy in our home?

1. Turn off the lights when you don’t need them!

2. Encourage energy saving light bulbs

3. Use Passive solar water heater

4. leave pc & T v Switch off! Don’t on standby

5. Buy Energy Star appliances

6. Don’t Be a Drip

7. Turn Off and Unplug

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

67%

7%

17%

5%4%

Developing countries

58%

World

End-use efficiency gains

7%

Fuel switching in end uses

20%

Increased renewables in power generation

10%

Increased nuclear in power generation

5%

Changes in the fossil-fuel mix in power generation

Contributory Factors in CO2

Reduction 2002-2030

Advantages of Energy Conservation

(Moralizing)

• Less need to secure oil overseas with attendant military and civilian casualties while costing hundreds of billions of dollars

• Fewer power plants and liquid natural gas ports are needed

• Less air pollution• Less drilling for oil • Less global warming and attendant

environmental destruction

conclusion

• On current policies, world energy needs – and CO2 emissions – will be 60% higher in 2030 than now

• Policies under consideration & faster deployment of technology could substantially save energy

• Urgent & decisive government action is needed

Do support renewable energy plants coming across the world, it is not going to harm you as much as fossil fuel

Depending on renewable energy source together with saving electrical energy is an efficient method to meet our demand without producing pollution”

reference

1.Renewable Energy Sources;D. Elango

Assistant Professor in Civil eng. Hindustan College of Engg. Chennai

2. Energy Efficiency in the Power Grid-www.abb.us

3. Indian Wind Energy Outloo k 2011

4Coal-Fired Power Plants Kristin Scheel,Alejandra Kuhn ,Brianna

Beconovich,Ryan Nester

5 polly well nuclear coal pollution

6 Environmental Sustainability Educational Resources Gregory A.

Keoleian Associate Research Scientist,School of Natural Resources

and Environment

7 ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDIA Shri P M Sayeed, Hon’ble Minister of Power’s article on the occasion of

Energy Conservation Day, on 14th December 2005.

8 Implementation of Energy Conservation Act and BEE Action Plan

9Tidal energy the mighty tidal bose

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Save energy save enviornment ii

Environment

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