Ph.D. Entrance Examination

Syllabus

for

Electronics and Communication

(Faculty of Engineering and Technology)

Subject Name: Information Theory and Coding

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks

Course content 1. Basic concept of coding, Unique decodable codes and instantaneous

decodable codes (IDC) Construction of IDC, Krafts inequality and MC Millan’s theorem. Huffman and Shannon-fano code.

2 Entropy, Entropy of sources and their extension. Loss less image compression.

3 Arithmetic Coding 4 Basic of channel coding and Hamming distances, channel capacity and

shannon’s fundamental theorem 5 Linear block codes ; Systematic linear codes and optimum decoding for

the binary symmetric channel; Generator and parity Check Matrices Syndrome decoding on symmetric channels; Hamming codes, cyclic code, Burst errors, BCH Code, Reed-solomon Codes.

6 Convolution codes; Wozencraft’s sequential decoding algorithm, Fann’s algorithm and other sequential decoding algorithms Viterbi decoding algorithm, BCH code.

7 Cryptography

Reference Books: 1. Jiri Adamek, Foundation of coding, John Wiley and sons.

2. A.J. Viterbi and J.K.Ormura, Principal of Digital Communication and Coding,

McGraw Hill

3. Bernard Sklar, Digital communication fundamental and Application, PE India.

4. N. Abramson, Information and Coding, McGraw Hill

5. M Mansurpur, Introduction to Information Theory, McGraw Hill

6. R.B.Ash, Information Theory, Prentice Hall

7. Shu Lin and S.J.Costello Jr., Error Control Coding, Prentice Hall

Subject Name: ASIC Design

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks

Course content 1. ASIC Design flow, Design Methodotogies, Introduction to Hardware

Description Language (VHDL): Stuctural, Behavioral, Data flow modeling, Concurrent and sequential VHDL, RAM and ROM, Test Benches, Finite State Machines, RTL Synthesis Test Methodology

2. Programmable Logic Design, Basics of Programmable logic devices,

CPLD Architecture and its building blocks, FPGA Architectures and its building blocks, Technology mapping for FPGAs

3. Design implementation using CPLD and FPGA, Floor planning and

Placement

Reference Books: 1. D.Perry, BHDL,2nd Ed., McGraw Hill International.

2. J. Bhasker, BHDL, Primer, Pearson Education Asia, Low Price Edition

3. Charles H Roth, Jr., Digital Systems Design Using VHDL, Brooks/Cole

Thompson Learning

4. Z. Navabi, VHDL: Analysis and Modeling of Digital Systems, McGraw Hill

International Editions

5. Michael John Sebastian Smith, Application Specific Integrated Circuits,

Pearson Education Asia.

6. Xilinx and Altera Application Notes on the architecture of FPGAs and

CPLDs.

Subject Name: Advanced Digital Communication

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks

Course content 1 Review of probability and Stochastic Processes. 2 Characterization of Communication Signal and System. Geometric

Representation of Signals and its use in communication. 3 Optimum receiver for Additive White Gaussian Noise, BER calculation. 4 Carrier and symbol synchronization, signal design for Band Limited

Channels. 5 Communication through Band limited Channel, concept of parallel

transmission, Multi channel and multi carrier CDMA system, fading multipath channel, OFDM, Future trends.

Reference Books: 1. Proakis J.J.,D Wozencraft J.M. and Jacobs I.M., Principles of Communication

Engineering, John Wiley.

2. Carison A., Communication System, 3rd ., McGraw Hill.

3. Van Trees H.L., Detection Estimation and Modulation Theory, Vol. 1., Wiley.

4. Blahut R.F., Digital transmission of Information, Addison Wesley.

5. Benedetto S., Biglieri E. and Castellari V., Digital Transmission Theory, Prentice

Hall.

Subject Name: Fiber Optic Communication

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks

Course content 1 Introduction, propagation of light, propagation of light in a cylindrical

dielectric rod, Ray model, wave model. Different types of optical fibers, Modal Analysis of a step index fiber.

2 Optical channel Modeling – Signal degradation on optical fiber due to dispersion and attenuation. Fabrication of fibers measurement techniques like OTDR

3 Optical sources – LEDs and Lasers, Photo-detectors – Pin-detectors, detector responsively noise, Optical link design – BER calculation, quantum limit, power panelities.

4 Optical switches – coupled mode analysis of directional couplers, electrooptic switches.

5 Nonlinear effect in fiber optic links. Concept of self-phase modulation, group velocity dispersion and soliton based communication. Optical amplifiers – EDFA, Raman amplifier and WDM systems.

Reference Books: 1. J. Keiser, Fiber Optic Communication, McGraw-Hill

2. J. Gower, Optical Communication systems, Prentice Hall, India.

3. G. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics, Academic Press.

4. G. Agrawal, Fiber optic Communication systems, John Wiley and sons.

5. J. Senior, Optical Fiber Communication.

Subject Name: Image Processing

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks Course content 1 Introduction – Image as a 2D data, Image representation – Gray scale and

Color images, image sampling and quantization. 2 Frequency domain processing – Two dimensional orthogonal transforms:

DFT, FFT, WHT. Haar transform, KLT, DCT. 3 Image enhancement – filters in spatial and frequency domains,

histogrambased processing, Homomorphic filtering. 4 Edge detection – non parametric and model based approaches, LOG

filers, localization problem 5 Image restoration – PSF, circulant and block circulant matrices,

deconvolution, restoration using inverse filtering. Wiener filtering and maximum entropy- based methods.

6 Mathematical morphology – binary morphology, dilation, erosion, opening and closing duality relations, gray scale morphology, application such as hit-and-miss transform thinning and shape decomposition.

7 Image communication – JPED, JPEG 2000, MPEGs and H.26x standards packet video, error concealment.

8 Image texture analysis co-occurrence matrix, measures of textures, statistical models for textures, principal component analysis.

9 Misc. topic such as – Hough Transform, boundary detection, chain coding, and segmentation, thresholding methods.

Reference Books: 1. R. Gonzalez and E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, PHI

2. A. K. Jain, Fundamentals of digital image processing, Prentice Hall of India.

3. W. K. Pratt, Digital image processing, Prentice Hall

4. Rosenfold and A. C. Kak, Digital imag processing, Vol 1 & 2, Prentice Hall.

Subject Name: Embedded System Design

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks Course content 1 Embedded Micro controller Cores, Embedded Memories, SRAM, DRAM

Controllers. 2 Embedded System Design Aspects: 3 Interfacing between analog and digital sections, signal conditioning,

Interfacing with external systems, User interfacing. 4 Software aspects of Embedded Systems: 5 Real time programming languages & operating systems for Embedded

Systems, Embedded programming in C/C++, Scheduler, Multitasking, Threading concepts and implementation,

6 Serial Communication Interface: UART, SCI applications, Modern Serial Interface Standards, Modems, SPI, I2C, USB, Introduction to JTAG Port

7 Case study of Embedded Applications .

Reference Books: 1. J. W. Valvo, Embedded Micro computer system, Brooks/Cole.

2. K. J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Pernam Intl.

3. Jack Ganssle. The art of designing Embedded Systems.

4. sDaniel W. Lewis, Fundamentals of Embedded Software

Subject Name: RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks

Course content 1 INTRODUCTION 2 Conceptual understanding of wave propagation in the guided media such

as transmission lines, rectangular and circular waveguides; Various characteristics and parameters such as wave velocity, dispersion, mismatch effects; voltage - current - field distributions.

3 Poynting Power / Vectors Theorem and Uniqueness Theorems, Maxwell time varying equations, Smith chart applications to RF and Microwave Engineering,

4 RF and MICROWAVE ANALYSIS 5 Impedance and Admittance Matrix, Hybrid matrix, Scattering matrix,

ABCD Matrix, Discontinuities and Modal analysis, Signal flow graph representation, Various excitation and coupling methods to the waveguides.

6 MICROWAVE COMPONENTS 7 Understanding the in-depth principle, working, analysis and design of

ferromagnetic: 8 Passive components such as microwave resonators, power dividers and

couplers, filters and impedance transformers – Chebyshev, Binomial and Tapered.

9 Ferromagnetic components such as isolators, phase shifters, circulators. 10 MICROWAVE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS 11 Conceptual understanding the principle, working and applications of

microwave circuits and active devices such as: Mixers, Detectors, Microwave Integrated Circuits, Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits, Microwave Amplifiers, Oscillators and Synthesizers.

Reference Books: 1. Pozar D M, Microwave Engineering, Wiley

2. Mishra Ravindra, RF and Microwave Communication, Wiley

3. Gupta K C, Microwaves, New Age International Publn

4. Collin R E, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, McGrawHill International

5. M. Golio & J. Golio, RF and microwave Technologies:Vol I,II,III,CRC Press

Subject Name : Satellite communication

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks

Course content

1 Introduction, Kepler’s First, second and third Law, Definitions of Terms for Earth-orbiting Satellites, Orbital Elements, Apogee and Perigee Heights, Orbital Perturbations, Effects of a Non spherical Earth, Atmospheric Drag, Inclined Orbits, Calendars, Universal Time, Julian Dates, Sidereal Time, The Orbital Plane,

2 Antenna Look Angels, The Polar Mount Antenna, Limits of Visibility, Near Geostationary Orbits, Earth Eclipse of Satellite, Sun Transit Outage, Launching Orbits, Attitude Control, Spinning Satellite Stabilization, Momentum Wheel Stabilization, Station Keeping, Thermal Control, TT&C Subsystem, Transponders, Demultiplexer Power Amplifier, Antenna Subsystem.

3 Receive-Only Home TV Systems, Master Antenna TV System Community Antenna TV System, Transmit-Receive Earth Stations, Equivalent Isotropic, Radiated Power, Transmission Losses, Free-Space Transmission, Feeder Losses, Antenna Misalignment Losses, Fixed Atmospheric and Ionospheric Losses, Link Power Budget Equation, Overall System Noise Temperature, Carrier-to-Noise Ratio, Input Back Off, Combined C/N .

4 Pre assigned FDMA, Demand-Assigned FDMA, SPADE System. Bandwidth-limited a Power-limited TWT amplifier operation, FDMA downlink analysis. TDMA : Reference Burst; Preamble and Postamble, Carrier recovery, Network synchronization, unique word detection, On-board signal Processing, Satellite switched TDMA.

5 Introduction, Orbital Spacings, Power Rating and Number of Transponders, Frequencies and Polarization, Transponder Capacity, Bit Rates for Digital Television

Reference Books:

1. Timothy Pratt – Charles Bostian & Jeremy Allmuti, Satellite Comm. , John Willy &

Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. 2004.

2. Dennis Roddy, Satellite Communications, McGraw-Hill Publication

3. Third edition 2001.

4. Wilbur L. Pritchars Henri G.Suyder Hond Robert A.Nelson,

5. Satellite Comm. Systems Engg., Pearson Edu.Ltd., 2nd edition 2003.

6. Richharia : Satellite Communication Systems (Design Principles Macmillan Press

Ltd. Second Edition 2003.

Subject Name: Antenna Engineering and Design

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks

Course content

1 INTRODUCTION TO ANTENNAS Review the fundamental theory of

antennas: Reciprocity theorem, Antenna equivalent circuit, Classification of antennas, Brief understanding of special types of Antennas.

2 Gain a thorough understanding of the important concepts: Radiation Impedance, Radiation Pattern, Antenna Impedance, Bandwidth, Directivity, Gain, Antenna efficiency, Radiation Efficiency, Antenna Polarization, Antenna Apertures, Antenna temperature, near-field and far-field concepts, and radiation mechanism.

3 ANTENNA SYNTHESIS, ANALYSIS and OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES Introduction to various methods of antenna synthesis such as Schelkunoff Polynomial, Fourier transform, Woodward Lawson.

4 Introduction to antenna analysis methods: Integral equation method, Moment method, Finite Difference Time Domain methods; Applications of these methods to the practical antennas such as dipole, loop, helical, microstrip patch, and PIFA.

5 Various optimization techniques (OT) such as Genetic algorithm, Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy logic. Comparative analysis of the OT’s for particular application and antenna type.

6 ANTENNA DESIGN Various impedance matching techniques such as Quarter wavelength transformer, T-match, Gamma Match, Omega match, Baluns and Transformers.

7 Analytical comparative study of wire type and aperture type, narrow band and wide band, element and antenna array antennas.

8 Designing an antenna with a set of given specifications using standard software.

9 Material selection for antenna to be designed, understanding the specifications – errors responses – corrections methods.

10 Concepts of antenna coupling, coupling methods, interferences and effects on performance of the antenna system.

11 SPECIAL TOPICS FOR ANTENNA DESIGN and MEASUREMENT Techniques to miniaturize an antenna for wireless LAN and Blue tooth applications, Wide-band and multi-band antennas, Mobile antennas and antenna diversity, Reconfigurable antennas, Practical consideration in designing antennas for wireless communications (such as the interaction between mobile antenna and human body).

Reference Books:

1. Balanis C A, Antenna Theory: design and applications, Wiley

2. Hohnson R C and H Jasik, Antenna Engineering Handbooks, McGraw Hill

3. Sadiku N O Mathew, Elements of Electromagnetics, Oxford Univ Press

4. Harrington R F, Time harmonic Electromagnetic Fields, McGraw Hill

Subject Name: Digital Signal Processing and Applications

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks

Course content 1 Discrete Time Signals: Sequences representation of signals on orthogonal

basis: Sampling and Reconstruction of signals; 2 Discrete systems: attributes, Z-Transform, Analysis of LSI systems,

Frequency Analysis, Inverse Systems, Discrete Fourier Transform (DTF), Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, Implementation of Discrete Time Systems.

3 Design of FIR Digital filters; Window Method, Park-McClellan’s method. 4 Design of IIR Digital Filters: Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptic

Approximations; Lowpass, Band pass, Bandstop and High Pass Filters. 5 Effect of finite register length in FIR filter design 6 Parametric and non-parametric spectral estimation, Introduction to

multirate signal processing. Application of DSP to Speech and radar signal processing.

7 Overview of DSP Processors, Harvard modified Harvard Architecture, MultiBus architecture, Floating point Vs Fix point dsp processor. Case Study.

Reference Books: 1. A.V. Oppenheim and Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing, Prentice Hall

2. John G.Proakis and D.G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principle, Algorithms

and Applications, Prentice Hall

3. L.R. Rabiner and B. Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing,

Prentice Hall

4. D.J. DeFatta, J.G.Lucas and W.S. Hodgkiss, Digital Signal Processing, J Wiley and

Sons, Singapore.