Satun Geopark · 542 Ma ago there was an explosion of lives starting from a few kinds of simple...
Transcript of Satun Geopark · 542 Ma ago there was an explosion of lives starting from a few kinds of simple...
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Satun Geopark
Thungwa-La Ngu-Manang Geopark
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Education
- High vocational certificate, construction technology, from Ratchamongkol Technology Institute (southern campus, songkhla).
- Bachelor of Civil Engineering from Maha Nakhon University. Bangkok.
- Master of Arts (Political Science) from Ramkamhaeng University.
Working experiences
Mr.Narongrit Thungprue
Chief Executive
Thungwa Subdistrict Administration Organization
Thungwa District
Satun Province
- A member of Engineering Institute of Thailand Under H.M. The King’s Patronage.
- An engineer, Nawarat Pattanakan Co,Ltd (Public).
- Vice President, Thungwa Municipal Council.
- Chief Executive of Thungwa Subdistric Administration Organization.
- President, Thungwa Subdistric Administration Organization Club, Satun Province.
- A member of Satun Geopark Working Group
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Thungwa-La Ngu-Manang Geopark
Stegodon Time transition Phu Pha Phet Cave
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The only Stegodon in Thailand
STEGODON
1.8 Ma fossil of Stegodon, Jaw with teeth no.1 and 3,
has been found in the
area of Thungwa in 2008.
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1.8 Ma RHINO
Fossil of jaw with teeth of Gandatherium has been
found in 2008 in the area of Thungwa.
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THE PALEOZOIC ERA FOSSILS OF SATUN
542 Ma ago there was an explosion of lives
starting from a few kinds of simple forms and evolved into many forms with exoskeleton. Huge
paleo-fishe of more than 5 meters long was
swimming through the tremendous coral belt
spreading in tropical sea. Some forms of lives
evolved to live on land. The barren land had been changed to be the thick forest-land abundant with
several kinds of animal, insects, amphibian and reptile before their mass extinction.
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Ammonoid 400 Ma (paleo-squid)
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Nautiloid 470 Ma (paleo-squid)
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Stromatoltite 470 Ma
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Trilobite 500 Ma
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Brachiopod 450 Ma
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Tentaculites 400 Ma
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Graptolite 430 Ma
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Posidonomya 350 Ma
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Thungwa-La Ngu-Manang Geopark
Stegodon Time transition Phu Pha Phet Cave
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Thungwa-La Ngu-Manang
Geopark
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Geosites in the areas of Langu, Thungwa and
Manang, Satun, Southern Thailand
1. Geoconservation sites/Famous geoconservation sites
1.1 Tham Le-stegodon
The more than 3 km long limestone stream cave with
outstanding geological features and fossils. The cave
comprises beautiful speleothems, stalactites,
flowstones and draperies. Many fossils found in the
cave are a mandible with molars of 1.8 ma-10000 years
Stegodon, a jaw of Elephas and ancient rhino, and dear horn, etc.
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Fossils of Stegodon have been found.
THAM LE-STEGODON
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1.2 Stromatolite at Khao Daeng
Khao Daeng is the outstanding Ordovician reddish
brown limestone mountain. Various kinds of fossils have
been found in the limestone such as nautiloids,
amonoids, sponges and Maclurites (gastropod). The
most interesting is the stromatolites in the limestone.
The stromatolites played an important role on evolution
of lives since they were no free oxygen prior to
Cambrian period but the srtomatolites were the oxygen
supplier for living things during Cambrian period.
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stromatolites Fossils of nautiloids
Stromatolites concentrate
in the zones of dark color in
in limestone
Stromatolites at Khao Daeng
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1.3 Tham Aurai
Tham Aurai is the outstanding ordovician limestone cave located at Khao Aurai. The cave is composed of 3 levels indicating the groundwater level change in the past. The
lowest is a stream cave, Tham Than Lod, of about 100 m long. Higher up next to Tham Than Lod is Tham Sampao
which is a huge room of about 70 m high decorated with
beautiful speleothems such as “Roman” columns, draperies, etc. A layer of the mixing of shells and animal
bones cemented by calcium carbonate has been found at
this level indicating the settling and inhabiting of ancient
human. The top most level is the smallest cave,Tham
Look Sao, with a lot of shells and animal bones and a lot of local legends. Tham Aurai is one of the interesting
place to study.
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Tham Sampao
Tham Than Lod
Shells and animal bones layer
cemented by calcium carbonate.
Tham Aurai
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1.4 Khao Thanan
Khao Thanan is a rare Permian limestone mountain exposed in Ordovician limestone terrain. It is an isolate mountain surrounded by water and comprises a 200 m long cave decorated with stalagmites and stalactites. The cave is the
inhabitant of huge herd of bat allowing villagers to utilize the
bat excretion. Fossils of crinoid stem, corals and large
brachiopod have also been found in this area. At the base of
Khao Thanan is concave indicating the erosion by paleo- sea level.
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Khao Thanan The concave base indicates
the paleo-sea level.
Khao Thanan
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1.5 Ko Lidi-Ko Wahin
Located in the area of Petra Archipelago National Park. There are geo- and biodiversity within this small area. There are stream cave, Ao Jic, gravel beach and Ao Paad
which continuously won the annual beach contest for 3
year from the Department of Pollution Control. The most
fascinating natural phenomenon is tombolo which connect the 2 islands. The tombolo comprises sand and
gravel of different sizes, shapes and colors indicating the
abrasion by wave. During the low tide walking along the
tombolo and watching marine animals, corals and algae are possible . Fossils of brachiopod, burrows and
sponges are also found at Wahin island.
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Tombolo connecting Ko Li
Di and Wahin island.
BURROWS
Fossils of sponges
Ko Li Di- Ko Wahin
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1.6 Tham Phu Pha Pet
The biggest limestone cave in Thailnd. The cave
comprises more than 20 rooms of different sizes. The
total area of the cave is about 50 rai (20 acres). The most
fascinating are stalagmites and stalactites which there
are still dripping water all year round indicating live cave. connect the 2 islands. Stromatolites are found at some
parts of the cave wall indicating the Ordovician limestone
deposited in shallow water where sunlight can reach.
Human skeletons together with pieces of earthenware are
found coated by calcium carbonate indicating the inhabitant of prehistoric human.
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Tham Phu Pha Pet
Stromatolites (black layers) The growing stalagmites
Tham Phu Pha Pet
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1.7Tham Ched Khod
Tham Ched Khod is a zigzag stream cave of 10 km long.
The cave comprises 7 features of beautiful glittering
speleothems which the name derived. The 7 features are
overturned lotus, lion head, diamond drapery, rocky rose
field, sunlight channel, Buddha image and map of Thailand.
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Overturned Lotus Huge stalacmite at the cave exit.
Tham Ched Khod
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1.8Wang Sai Thong Waterfall
The waterfall forming as cascading small swimming
pools by precipitation of calcium carbonate and
sediments transported by- and suspended in the streams
flowing through limestone to the low plain areas. The
precipitated materials comprises calcium carbonate stain
and deposition of suspended sediment which form the
wall of swimming pools. The surface of waterfall is porous enable the walking without slipping.
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Wang Sai Thong Waterfall
Calcium carbonate stain coating roots.
Low plain areas where the suspended Sediment deposited.
Wang Sai Thaong Waterfall
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1.9 Algae Rock
The Algae Rock is an geoconservation site of type
section class comprising reddish brown Ordovician
limestone of Pha Kae Formation, the uppermost part of
Thungsong Formation, interbedded with very thin
mudstone. The rock occurred from alternative binding
together the other fragments of calcium carbonate by
blue green algae resulting in stromatolitic structure which looks similar to the ancient Khmer palace.
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หนสาหราย
หนปนสแดงเรยงตวเปนชนๆ เกดจากการกอตวของ
สาหรายสโตรมาโตไลท ภาพขยายของสาหรายสโตรมาโตไลท
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1.10 Time Transition Zone
Time Transition Zone is a geoconservation site of
structure class, fault. It is the contact between the
interbedding of Cambrian sandstone and shale and
Ordovician limestone. There are also glittering stalactites and flowstone in small caves.
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The hanging wall is Ordovician limestone of Thungsong Group.The foot wall is interbedded sandstone and shale of Tarutao Group.
หนทรายและหนดนดานสแดงในกลม หนตะรเตา ยคแคมเบรยน
Dark grey Ordovician limestone of Thungsong Group
Time Transition Zone
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1.11 The Tiny Saws in Black Shale
The Tiny Saws in Black Shale is a geoconservation site of
fossil class. The tiny saws are graptolite which indicate
early Ordovician to Silurian period, more than 400 ma ago
and have been found in black to blackish brown shale of
Wang Tong Formation, Thong Pha Phum Group. The
graptolite is a tiny flat invertebrate with zigzag edge resemble to a tiny saw.
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Widec angle view of the exploration area. Graptolites in black shale
The Tiny Saws in Black Shale
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1.12 Than Sawan Waterfall
The waterfall is originated as the stream flowing through
limestone terrain carrying calcium carbonate solution
with suspended sediments and deposited in the area of
the waterfall resulting in what resemble to cascading
dams coated with flowstones (calcium carbonate). The
highest level is 6 m and 50 m wide. The forest in the vicinity of the waterfall is still flourish.
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The biggest level of the waterfall
Stalactites
Kayaking is available.
Than Sawan Waterfall
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2. Geosites / geotourism sites
2.1 Than Plew Waterfall The waterfall is in Ordovician limestone, 470 ma. The water
from the mountain source separately spout down to the
basin and again collectively flow further down. Than Plew
waterfall is rather small and originated as the stream
flowing through limestone terrain carrying calcium
carbonate solution with suspended sediments and
deposited in the area of the waterfall resulting in what
resemble to cascading dams coated with flowstones (calcium carbonate).
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Than Plew waterfall
Ordovician limestone with stromatolite
Than Plew Waterfall
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2.2 Tham Buddha Khiri (Tham Buddho) The limestone cave is located within the area of dhamma
retreat, Khao Banthat Wildlifes Sanctuary. The cave
entrance is 40 m high and 20 m deep. There are various
respective Buddha Images inside the cave other than
speleothems which are flowstones, stalagmites and
stalactites formed by deposition of calcium carbonate
during flowing of water through limestone terrain. At the
lowest part of the cave a stream flows through outside the
cave. This cave is the combination of cave and stream cave.
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Cave stream
Stalactites, stalagmites and flowstones. The concrete stair way to the entrance.
Tham Buddha Khiri (Tham Buddho)
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2.3 Tham Khanti Pol The Ordovician limestone (470 ma) live cave is located
within the area of Buddist monk residence. The
speleothems in the cave are of various kinds such as
small limestone “dam”, bacon liked drapery, etc. Visiting
inside this cave requires standard cave exploration tools
and professional cave explorer because of the narrow,
steep and tough trials. Visitors have to spend at least 3 hours to thoroughly visit the cave.
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Stair way to the entrance. A huge stalactite at the entrance.
Tham Khanti Pol
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2.4 Tham Khae The small Ordovician limestone (470 ma) live cave of 50 m
deep. The entrance is 4 m high and 6 m wide. The
speleothems in the cave are of various kinds such as
columns, stalactites along the cave ceiling fractures, etc.
Tham Khae is a high biodiversity site for its inhabitant of
horseshoe bats, amblypygi, hairy snail, curve-toed gecko and cave dwelling snakes.
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Stalactites aligning along the fractures of cave ceiling.
The cave entrance.
Tham Khae
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2.5 Stromatolites at Ban Pa Phang This Ordovician reddish brown limestone exposes besides
a small stream along the road side at Ban P Phang. 2 kinds of nautiloid and crinoid stem fossils have been found.
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Stromatolite in Ordovician
reddish brown limestone.
A crinoid stem (left)
and nautiloid (right).
Stromatolites at Ban Pa Phang
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2.6 Ao Noon The half circle beach bound by Tho Ngai and Ao Noon
mountain for a distance of 800m and comprises small cave of various sizes. The caves are developed in
Ordovician reddish brown limestone by wave action. The
cave ceiling and ground have been prolong eroded and
weathered until their surfaces are polished and reveal the
fossil existed such as nautiloids, crinoid stems, and stromatolites, etc.
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Ao Noon decorated with reddish brown Ordovician limestone.
The polished cave ground.
Ao Noon
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2.7 Haad Gasing The 4 km long pale brown gentle slope beach on Ko Bo
Ched Look is one of the tourist attraction of Satun. Tourist
facilities are available such as camping tents, boy scout
camp and picnic areas. There is an underwater cave at the
south of the beach formed by weathering and erosion of
rock at the base of the mountain. The local way of life in
fishery is still active in order to conserve the reproduction cycle of the expensive donax.
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Haad Sing
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2.8 Khao Khuan Tang Khao Khuan Tang is small mountain of 40 m high and
located besides the road no 4078. The mountain
comprises rocks ranging from Silurian to Carboniferous
(440-300 ma). Fossils of ammonoid, nautiloid, crinoid, brachiopod, coral, etc, are abundant in these rocks. .
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Fossils of nautiloid.
Fossils of coral.
Khao Khuan Tang
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2.9 Tham Rakang Thong Tham Rakang Thaong is the cave developed in Ordovician
limestone. The cave is in the high level of the mountain
and once comprises the fascinating “bell shaped’
stalactite which gave the bell- ring sound when knock on it
but is now destroyed. Other cave in this area is Tham Hoi
which a lot of archaeological evidences have been found
such as shells, pieces of earthenware and animal bones.
Tham Thuad is another cave located at the lower part of
the mountain which is still alive, also comprises various
speleothems, columns, draperies, stalactites, stalagmites, flowstones, etc, and easy to visit.
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Tham Rakang Thong
Stalactites are all around.
Various kinds of speleothem.
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2.10 Haad Pak Bara Tham Rakang Thaong is the cave developed in Ordovician
limestone. The cave is in the high level of the mountain
and once comprises the fascinating “bell shaped’
stalactite which gave the bell- ring sound when knock on it
but is now destroyed. Other cave in this area is Tham Hoi
which a lot of archaeological evidences have been found
such as shells, pieces of earthenware and animal bones.
Tham Thuad is another cave located at the lower part of
the mountain which is still alive, also comprises various
speleothems, columns, draperies, stalactites, stalagmites, flowstones, etc, and easy to visit.
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หาดปากปารา
จากชายหาดปากบาราสามารถมองเหนเกาะเขาใหญ
และชมพระอาทตยตกดนไดอยางสวยงาม
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3. Archaeological sites
3.1 Bo Ched Look
The archaeological site on Bo Ched Look island which is
known Malayu as Laga Tuyo ( Laga and Tuyo mean pool
and seven respectively). According to the local legend,
there were fishermen arrived this island trying to dig a
pond for fresh water but they did not success until they
could get fresh water from the seventh pond which is
the name derived from. There is also a 2 treetop-coconut
tree.
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The archaeloogical site,
Bo Ched Look, and the
2 treetop-coconut tree.
Bo Ched Look
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3.2 Khao Nang Dam
The limestone mountain with 7 caves and evidences of
prehistoric human inhabitant. All the cave entrance are
6-10 m above ground. Several stone age tools and
artefacts of 5000 years made of stone and baked clay
such as flakes tools, stone hammer, whetstone, various
shapes of rock both angular and round, stamped pottery
and beads.
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A stone tool found with
animal bones at the cave
entrance.
A piece of stamped pottery.
Khao Nang Dam
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4.1 Thungwa ancient elephant Museum
The museum is located in the area of Thungwa
Subdistrict Administrative Organization. The museum is
best fossil place for the collection of fossils found in
Tham Le Stegodon and near by areas including
archaeological objects in Thungwa area. They are the
only 1.8 ma -10000 years lower jaw fossil of Stegodon in
southern Thailand and backbone and jaw fossil of
ancient rhinos- Gandatherium and Chilotherium, and the
archaeological objects found in Tham Lan Sue and
Tham Nang Dam.
4. Geological learning center
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พพธภณฑชางดกด าบรรพทงหวา
Fossil exhibition.
Geological exhibition.
Thungwa
ancient elephant Museum.
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4.2 Khampaeng Wittaya School Natural Science
Museum
The purpose of the museum is to allow not only the
Khampaeng Wittaya students to have self- learning
about natural science but also other people who are
interested and public. The museum comprises La Ngu
district systematic collections of reference rock
samples, fossils, and data with information of
biodiversity and geological exhibition. All the displays
are in the order of geological time and easy the learn
and understand.
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Rock and Fossil Exhibition
Activity board of Local Fossil
Study Project.
Natural Science Museum, Khampaeng Wittaya PrimarySchool
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THAHK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION