Satellite Power Station

SATELLITE POWER STATION

Prepared by:Biswajit AcharyaAEIE,M.Tech 1st YearHeritage Institute of Technology

Satellite Power Station

Present Scenario….

30%

1%34%5%

6%

24%

World Energy Consumption By Source

CoalRenewablesPetroleumNuclearHydroNatural Gas


Satellite Power System Concept…


Why SPS ??? SPS collects solar power in space. It forms the heart of

Space Based Solar Power (SBSP) concept. SPS stores the solar energy in a low orbital satellite which

can provide power to almost any point on earth continuously.

Higher collection rate; More intense sun light can be captured due to absence of

air in space; They convert solar energy into microwaves and minimizes

the losses due to reflection, absorption and other factors consisting of the rotation of the earth.

Environment is not heated because scattering of radiations takes place in space.


The Thought Process… In 1941, science fiction writer Isaac Asimov published a

science fiction short story “Reason”, in which a space station transmitted energy collected from the sun to various planets using microwave beams.

In 1968, the Satellite Solar Power System (SSPS) concept was first brought into limelight.

In 1973, Peter Glaser brought forward a method of transmitting power over long distances using microwaves from a very large antenna.

Between 1978 and 1981, Department of Energy (DoE) and NASA organized the Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program.


The Thought Process Continued.. In 1997 , NASA conducted a study to examine the modern

state of SBSP feasibility. In 1999, NASA's Space Solar Power Exploratory

Research and Technology program (SERT) was initiated.

On Nov 2, 2012, China proposed space collaboration with India so that both can work for long term association with proper funding along with other willing space faring nations to bring space solar power to earth.


Basic Components…

A huge solar collector typically made up of solar cells.

D.C. to Microwave conversion through magnetron.

Microwave transmitting antenna, aimed at earth where rectennas are placed.


Solar Cell…


Solar Cell I-V Characteristics…


Power Conversion…Generally electrical power is transmitted in the form of

microwaves through a SPS. A magnetron is used for this purpose. A magnetron essentially consists of-

A filament to act as the source of electrons;A permanent magnet to set a steady magnetic field;A cathode and anode assembly;A microwave transmitting antenna.


Construction of Magnetron…


Operation of Magnetron…


Waveguides & Launchers… A waveguide is a hollow

conducting tube, through which electromagnetic waves propagate. They are mainly of two types:

-- Rectangular;-- Circular.

A launcher is an initial portion of the waveguide, which couples the microwave energy into the waveguide.

Rectangular Waveguide

Waveguide LauncherSatellite Power Station

Power Transmission….Slotted Waveguide

Antenna

It has narrow slots on the waveguide .

High Gain;Highly Directional;High Efficiency.

Slotted Waveguide Antenna


Power Transmission Contd.….Micro-Strip AntennaMechanically Rugged;Inexpensive;Simple Geometry.

Cross-section of Micro-strip Geometry.

Micro-Strip Antenna


Phased Array Antenna… Phased array is a directive

antenna made with individual radiating sources.

Radiating elements are the slotted waveguides, micro-strip antennas and others.

They are of three types- Linear, Planar, Conformal.

4-Element Micro-strip Phased Array Antenna


The Rectenna…A rectenna is a rectifying

antenna, that is used to convert microwave energy into DC electricity.

It comprises of a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it by rectification into D.C. power.


Rectenna Schematic….


Efficiency of the Rectenna Circuit…

DC-RF conversion efficiency, which includes losses caused by beam forming;

Beam collection efficiency which means ratio of all radiated power to collected power on a receiving antenna;

RF-DC conversion efficiency.Maximum conversion efficiencies anticipated so far are 91.4% at 2.45 GHz and 82% at 5.8 GHz .


Estimation…For the production of 1 GW

power at the ground: 14 GW of power has to be

produced at space. Solar panel of 10 km2

area. Transmitting antenna of

length 2 km. Rectennas of 4km

diameter.


Challenges… It takes large area in space.The large cost of launching a satellite into space (about

$100 to $200 per kg of payload).Microwave power radiation may interfere with

communication line.Effect of microwave transmission on atmosphere, human

being, ionosphere have to be investigated and evaluated.Maintenance of space system is a difficult and expensive

task.The large size and corresponding cost of the receiving

station on the ground.


10MW Class SPS…


Conclusion…


References…. http://es.slideshare.net/niteshmishra05/

wirelesspowertransmissionviasolarpowersatellite Research paper on Wireless Power Transmission for

Solar Power Satellite by T.S. Hasarmani. Research Journal Radio Science Centre for Space and

Atmosphere, Kyoto University, Japan Micro-optical Sensors, A MEMS for electric power

generation. Energy Information Administration, EIA. Microwaves, by K.C Gupta. Conference paper by R. Trykozko on Principles of

photovoltaic conversion of solar energy.


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