Navigation and remote sensing payloads and methods of the ...
Satellite Navigation & Sensing: A Match Made in...
Transcript of Satellite Navigation & Sensing: A Match Made in...
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Satellite Navigation & Sensing: A Match Made in Heaven
Jade MortonUniversity of Colorado Boulder
Satellite Navigation and Sensing Lab
Stanford PNT Symposium 10/30/2019 1
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Society’s Increasing Dependence on GNSS
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Satellite Navigation ModernizationGPS GLONASS BeidouGalileo QZSSIRNSS
SBAS
1 Civil Signal 6 Civil Signals, 3 frequencies
2023: >160 navigation satellites> 400 signals
Now: 25~35 satellites in view
PNT: Need 4 SVs in view
Position, Navigation, Timing3
, & Sensing (PNTS)
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University of ColoradoBoulder
GNSS and Propagation Environment
Multipath reflection
Ionosphere
TroposphereGNSSRadio Occultation GNSS
Reflectometry
Interference
Propagation effects: • Absorption• Bending• Delay • Reflection• Scattering
What GNSS has to offer: • Free• Large number• Distributed • Well-defined • Diversity
The Last 5% of the Trip
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University of ColoradoBoulder
GNSS Receiver
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• Foliage• Indoor/urban• Interference• Ionosphere• Multipath• TropospherePlatform
• Aircraft• Spacecraft• UAV• Ground
Sensingand
SituationAwareness
Characterization
InformationRetrieval
PNTunder
Challenging Conditions
Impac
t
Mitigati
on
Techniques
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Classification of GNSS Receiver Challenges
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• Indoor/Urban• Interference• Foliage• Multipath• Ionosphere• Troposphere
Weak Signal
• Aircraft• Spacecraft• UAV
Dynamic Platform
ScintillationAmplitude Fluctuation
Phase Fluctuation
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Ionosphere
Water vapor
Volcano plumes
Scintillation: amplitude, frequency, phase
fluctuation
What Do Ionosphere, Troposphere, Foliage, and Multipath Have In Common?
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Low-elevation satellites suffer more but contain more information
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University of ColoradoBoulder
A Simple Simulation: Sum of 2 Rays
Singapore Multi-GNSS Update 8
!"!#
= 0.95)" − )#= -1Hz
!"!#
= 1.1)" − )#= 1Hz
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Example: Ionosphere Scintillation
Singapore Multi-GNSS Update 9
L1L2
L5
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University of ColoradoBoulder
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Mountain Top Data Collection ExperimentHaleakala Summit: 10,023 ft
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University of ColoradoBoulder
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Elevation
Troposphere Scintillation & OceanMultipath Reflections
5/6/2017HaleakalaMaui
L1L2
L5
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University of ColoradoBoulder
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A Closer View at 21-22 min
L1
L2
L5
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University of ColoradoBoulder
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L1
L2L5
Multipath On L5 Disappears As SV Elevation Increases
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Application Objectives
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PNTunder
Challenging Conditions
Sensingand
SituationAwareness
Disturbance signaturesRange accuracy
RobustnessMaximize MaximizeMaximize Don’t CareMinimize Maximize
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Two Challenges in GNSS Sensing Applications
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1. Data availability
2. Data quality
• RX lose lock in challenging propagation environments
• Discontinuity in measurements• Noise
• Need more robust RX architecture
• Need better filter design and better aiding mechanisms
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Multi-Domain GNSS Receiver Processing
• Adaptive tracking• Inter-frequency aiding• Vector processing• Semi-open loop• Open loop• Array processing
Parameter optimizationFrequency diversitySignal spatial diversity
Receiver diversityEnvironment informationTemporal diversity
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Commercial ISM Receiver
RF Front End 1
RF Front End 2
RF Front End N
Space Weather Events
Data Collection and Control Server
Space Weather Event Monitoring & Trigger
Software
Circular Buffer
Circular Buffer
Circular Buffer
Data
Storage
VPN
Data Center at Home Institution
Inte
rnet
Receiver Signal Processing Algorithm Library
Ionosphere Studies
ImproveGNSSReceiver
Event-drivenDataAcquisitionSystem
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Software-Defined GNSS NetworkToolik Lake
Poker FlatGakona Greenland 1
Andoya, Norway
Hong Kong
Singapore
McMurdo
Chile
Peru
Puerto Rico
Svalbard, Norway
EthiopiaAscension Island
Hawaii
Boulder
Ecuador
India
South Korea
Resolute Bay
Greenland 2
Funded, to be deployed by 2020
Existing
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University of ColoradoBoulder
GNSS Event-Driven Data Acquisition System (EDAS)
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Three Application Examples
• Ionosphere: – Ground-based GNSS Network for Space Weather Monitoring
• Troposphere: – Radio Occultation Detection of Planetary Boundary Layer
• Surface: – Coherent Reflection for Precise Ocean Altimetry
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University of ColoradoBoulder
September 7-8, 2017 Storm Impact on PPP
Storm Commencement
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University of ColoradoBoulder
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Spatial-Temporal Machine Learning Architecture
⋯
Input"#$% "#$%&' "#Forecast
"#&(
Spatial Fusion
Fused Featuresat "#$%
Spatial Fusion Spatial Fusion
Fused Featuresat "#$%&'
Fused Featuresat "#
Temporal Fusion
PNT Impact
Forecast
Machine Learning Framework
Forecast Model
⋯
⋯ External Features (e.g. Sunspot #, F10.7, etc.)
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University of ColoradoBoulder
GNSS Radio Occultation
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cosmic.ucar.edu
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Large Errors in Lower Troposphere
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Altit
ude
(km
)
Refractivity Error
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Mountaintop Radio Occultation Experiment Concept
GNSS LEO
High gain antenna
Multipath reflection/scattering from ocean surface
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University of ColoradoBoulder
RO Application Example: Planetary Boundary Layer Height
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Carrier phase à bending angle à refractive index à refractivity gradient à minimum gradient à PBLH
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32Time (min)
Sig
nal I
nten
sity
(dB
)
40
20
PBL
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University of ColoradoBoulder
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Dense Data Samples
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University of ColoradoBoulder
CYGNSS: A NASA GNSS Reflectometry Mission
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Zenith Antenna GPS L1 (RHCP)
2 Nadir Antenna (LHCP, up to 14dB Gain)
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Machine Learning for Wind Speed Retrieval
University of Michigan 3/28/2019 30
2 Challenges:• High wind speed• Wind direction
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Coherent vs. Non-coherent Reflections
31
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University of ColoradoBoulder
CYGNSS Raw IF Data Coverage
136 DatasetsAug 2017 – Apr 2019
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Processed by CYGNSSRaw IF (Gain<0dB)Raw IF (Gain>0dB)
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Rain Forest
Bolivia
1/28/2018
University of Michigan 3/28/2019 33
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University of ColoradoBoulder
University of Michigan 3/28/2019 34
Open Ocean
Java Sea
2/7/2018
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Java Sea 2019-01-10 01:52:44UT SPIRE SVN 86 & GPS 15
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University of ColoradoBoulder
Conclusions• Satellite navigation applications go far beyond PNT.• Navigation satellites offer signals-of-opportunity for a wide range
of high impact sensing applications.– Low cost, low power, small volume, distributed– Ionosphere, troposphere, land cover, ocean surface, urban area, EM
• Synergy between satellite navigation and sensing:– Sensing capability improves navigation solutions– Navigation signals enable sensing
• Challenges and opportunities– Sensing on dynamic platform, computation resources, data assimilation