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Satellite Design WorkshopIIT Delhi

CanSat: Can sized Satellite

TEAM GARUDARUNNERS UP

INTERNATIONAL CANSAT COMPETITION

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Session 1

What is a Satellite-Intro to satellite

- Subsystem of a satellite-Intro to CanSat

INTRO TO CANSAT

• CanSat Is a Simulation of a Real Satellite• It Performs a Mission and Collects Data• Typical Missions Can Be Atmospheric Measurements, Video• Capture, Picture Taking, Communications, or Navigation• The Missions Can Be Simple or Complex• The Only Requirement Is that the Mission Must Fit in a Twelve Ounce Soda Can

• This Program will introduce you to How CanSat is Built

• It Includes most subsystems found in Satellites

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TYPICAL CANSAT CONDITIONS

• CanSat Shall Be Built to Fit in a Standard Soda Can– • Diameter Is 130+/- 2 mm• Weight is usually less than 700 gms.

• No Parts of the CanSat Shall Extend Beyond the Surface of the Soda Can Until Deployed• CanSat Shall Operate off of Battery or Solar Power• CanSat Can Use Communications(usually RF communications)– Antennas Should Be Flexible.• A Parachute Shall Be Properly Secured to One End of the CanSat.

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LAUNCH OF CANSAT

• CanSat Is Launched on a High-Powered Model Rocket– The Rocket Is 4” in Diameter andAbout 7’ Tall– Capable of Reaching Over a Mile inAltitude– CanSat Is Stowed in the UpperAirframe Below the Nose Cone• The Rocket Is Launched and When ItReaches Apogee, the Rocket BreaksApart to Eject the Main Parachute– This Causes the Upper Portion ofthe Rocket to Point Down• The Nose Cone Will Fall Out and theCanSat Will Fall Afterwards• The Parachute Brings the CanSatGently Back to Earth

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(If You Want) INTRO TO SATELLITE• “Satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor” -

Wikipedia• “An artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to

collect information or for communication” – Oxford Dictionary

• Various Definitions for satellites have been given. • Main concepts for the satellite –

• Orbit around the planet.• Collects information for sending back to ground station.

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(If You Want) SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS

• A Satellite Is Made Up of Six Major Subsystems:• Power Subsystem• Data Handling Unit/Ground Control Systems• Communications Subsystem• Sensor Payload or Subsystems• Structure• Attitude Control Subsystem

• Following slides will explain each subsystem in larger detail and will use <satellite name> as reference

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(If You Want)POWER SUBSYSTEM FOR SATELLITES

• The Power Subsystem Provides Electrical Power to the Satellite. Usually, this is provided using solar panels.

• Solar Panels Are Comprised of Solar Cells, i.e., Semiconductor Devices Called Photovoltaic.

• Designers Select the Types of Solar Cells to Meet Their Power Requirements, Budget, Mass and Size.

• Various types of Batteries used in the power system are – • Ni-Cd.• NiH2

• Li-Ion.• The main precautions required in the design of the power system is the fault

detection unit.

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(If You Want)DATA HANDLING UNIT FOR SATELLITES

• The Data Handling Unit (DHU) Is a Computer That Controls the Flow of Data and Instructions.

– It Controls Payloads and Collects Data From the Payloads– It Accepts Commands Received by the Communications System and Sends Data to the Communications System for Transmission to the Ground Station– It Is the Brains of the Satellite.

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(If You Want) COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM

• The satellite usually contains a radio receiver for transmitting data to the ground system and receiving commands from the ground station.

• The Spacecraft Has a Transmitter Used to Send Telemetry (i.e.,the Name for Data Sent or “Down-Linked” From the Spacecraft).

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(If You Want) SENSOR PAYLOAD AND SUBSYSTEMS

• Payloads on a Satellite Are Generally Some Type of Sensor• It Can Be a Radio Receiver Designed to Detect Certain types of

Signals• It Can Be a Camera Used to Take Pictures of the Earth in Various

Light Spectrums.• It Can Be Radiation Detectors, or Any Type of Sensor to Detect

Something.• The sensors are responsible for the navigation and control system.

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(If You Want)STRUCTURE AND ATTITUDE CONTROL

• The structure of satellite is generally made of Al or other light-weight material.

• Attitude Control Systems Allow the Orientation of the Spacecraft to Be Controlled.

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Cansat Quiz

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CANSAT QUIZ

•Time Limit: 45 minutes

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Session 2Real NASA footage for launch to MARS

Components of CanSat

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(If You Want) BASIC PARTS OF CANSAT SYSTEM

ElectricalSubsystem

Software Analysis

Mechanical Design

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(If You Want) ELECTRIC POWER SUBSYSTEM

CanSat Batteries

Kill switch/signal

P&T Sensor(3.3V)

Motor Driver(3.3V)

SD card(3.3V)

Buzzer(5V)

Voltage Measurement Hardware(9V)

Radio Transceiver(3.3V

GPS(3.3V)

Arduino (9V)

3.3 V

Motor Driver(5V)Motor(9V)

9V 9V

9V

5V

5V

on/off

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(If You Want) ELECTRIC POWER BUDGET

• The power budget is the allocation of power to be consumed by the components of the system.

• This requires the analysis of the power requirement of each of the components and is an integral part of the design of the power system.

• This is required to determine the distribution of power and total power required in the system.

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(If You Want) ANTENNA DESIGN – LINK BUDGET

• The Antenna selection is done on the basis on Link Budget.• Link Budget equation –

PRX = PTX + GTX + GRX – LTX – LRX – 20log(4πd/λ)

• P: Power• G: Gain• L: loss in transmission or receiver• The last term accounts for channel loss

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(If You Want) SENSOR SUBSYSTEM

GPS Data(Sampling Rate: 1

Hz)

SD Card

BMP 085 (T&P sensor)

Sampling rate: 50 KHz

Xbee Radio

Battery Voltage

Electromechanical Deployment

Mechanism + Aero-braking structure

FSW written on

Arduino Nano(Payload)

Read GPS DataSt

ore

data

Data Read

At 400m

Gather Data

MMA 7361 (Accelerometer)

(Sampling rate: 100 Hz)

after payload has landed

Impact Measurement

Transmit Data to Ground

‘START’ to activate telemetry

Buzzer

To re

trieve

CanSat

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(If You Want) COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

• The Communications Subsystem Is a Transmitter Radio Used to transmit telemetry Which Is the Data Collected in the CanSat.

• This system allow the CanSat to send the data back to the Ground Station that can process the data to get relevant information.

• This is one of the most critical parts of the CanSat design that requires the knowledge of the CanSat, the Ground System as well as the channel.

• The following are the selection criterion:• Gain• Range• Frequency• Price

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(If You Want)MICRO-CONTROLLER SELECTION

• The micro-controller is the main data handling unit for the CanSat.• We are using an Arduino as the microcontroller unit for the CanSat.• The selection is done considering the following outlined requirements:

Arduino Uno Arduino Mega 2560 Arduino Nano

Processor Speed(MHz) 16 16 16

Operating Voltage 5 5 5

Data Interface (D/A) 14/6 54/16 14/8

Size(cm x cm) 6.5x5.2 10.1x5.2 4.3x1.85

Flash Memory(kB) 32 128 32

Price(in USD) 25 65 50

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(If You Want) SENSOR TRADE & SELECTION

Factors affecting sensor selection for a CanSat system: (in priority order)

1) According to the desired operation2) Operating Frequency, accuracy, sensitivity, range of operation3) Data interface required4) Power Consumption5) Weight, cost and dimensions

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