Sarvesh singh bhati MSc-Interior Design (Lighting Project )
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Transcript of Sarvesh singh bhati MSc-Interior Design (Lighting Project )
Student:-
Sarvesh Singh Bhati
MSc Interior Design
Commercial space designer
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
LIGHTING DESIGN
LIGHTING DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL AND
RESIDENTIAL SPACES
WHAT IS LIGHT
Light is a form of energy manifesting itself as electromagnetic
radiation and is closely related to other form of
electromagnetic radiation such as Gamma rays, X-rays, UV
rays, IR rays, Microwave rays and Radio rays.
CANDELA : It is equalent to the illumination of one standard candle.
FOOT CANDELA : It is the amount of illumination on a surface from a
light source of on candela that is a foot away from the surface.
ONE FOOT CANDELA =1 Lumen /Square foot.
ONE LUX : It Is the amount of illumination created by a light source of
one candela which is one meter away from the surface .
1LUX=1 Lumen /Square meter.
UNITS OF LIGHT
COLOR TEMPERATURE
OUTDOOR/INDOOR
Color temperature is a characteristics of visible light. In
practice, color temperature is only meaningful for light
sources that do in fact correspond somewhat closely to
the radiation of some black body.
The color temperature of the electromagnetic radiation
emitted from an ideal black body is define as its
surface temperature in KELVINS.
Color temperature over 5,000K are called cool colors
(blueish white), while lower color temperatures (2,700-
3000K)are called warm colors (yellowish white through
red).
Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in
terms of whiteness
Higher the color temperature = whiter/cooler the light
source
Unit measurement = Kelvin (K)
Color temperature:
COLOR TEMPERATURE
OUTDOOR/INDOOR
LUMINOUS EFFICACY
Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source
produces visible light. The luminous efficacy of radiation
describes how well a given quantity of electromagnetic
radiation from a source produces visible light.
COLOR RENDERING INDEX (CRI)
The color rendering index (CRI), sometimes called color rendition index, is a
quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of
various objects faithfully
in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.
Color rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the color appearance of objects by
conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a
reference illuminant.
Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and/or daylight)
which will actually be used in interiors.
Color rendition depends on lamp color spectrum, reflective property of surfaces
and context and condition in room.
Judgment of apparent surface color depends also on the experience of
expectations of an individual with normal color vision.
Color Temperature in Kelvin (K) Degrees
How does Color Temperature affect the appearance of a room?
Warm light Cool light Daylight
light
LIGHTING FIXTURES
Light fixtures is integral part of building electrical
System, transforming energy into usable Illumination.
Light fixtures requires: electrical connection (power
supply), lamp holder, lamp (design to diffuse, Reflect,
focus light).
Form of lighting fixture, lighting sources, light
Illumination: point sources, linear sources, planar
sources, volumetric sources.
LIGHTING LUMINARIE
An assembly used to house one more light sources.
Also called lighting fixture.
1. Light socket
2. Light lamp
3. Luminaries
4. Light switch
CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES
Recessed
Ceiling Mounted
Track Mounted
Wall mounted
Suspended
Architectural
Portable
Pole Mounted
Bollard
Outdoor
Wall washer
Ceiling washer
Floor washer
Uplighters
Down lighters
Spotlights
CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES
CATEGORIES OF LUMINARIES
Direct: 90 – 100% download
Semi direct: 60 – 90% downward
General diffuse: 40 – 60% both
downward and upward
Direct – indirect: little light is emitted in
the horizontal plane
Semi – indirect: providing 60 – 90% of its
output upward
Indirect: providing 90 – 100% of its
luminous output upward
FOCUS ON OBJECT OR AREA GREAT
BRIGHTNESS
CONTRAST HIGHLIGHT, SPARKLE OR
RHYTHM
POINT LIGHT SOURCE
LINEAR LIGHT SOURCE
GIVE DIRECTION, OUTLINE SHAPES
EMPHASIZE THE EDGES
PLANAR LIGHT SOURCE
SURFACE REPETEAD LINEAR
DIFFUSED ILLUMINATION OF AREA
LIGHT AS VOLUMETRIC ILLUMINATION
EXPAND THROUGH TREE – DIMENSIONAL
FORMS OF LAMPS
VOLUMETRIC LIGHT SOURCE
LIGHT SOURCE
LAMP HOLDER
CONNECT TO
SUPPLY
DESIGN OF LAMP
TYPES OF LIGHTING
General Lighting
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Task Lighting
Accent Lighting
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Decorative Lighting
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Kinetic Lighting
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Up Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Down Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Wall Wash Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Floor Wash Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Ceiling Wash Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Spot Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING
Integral luminaries
TYPES OF LIGHTING
ARTIFICAL LIGHT SOURCE
Incandescent lamps
Fluorescent lamps
High – intensity Discharge
Lamps
Mercury Lamps
Metal Halide Lamps
High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
Electrodeless Lamps
Compact arc xenon & Mercury
Lamps
Electroluminescent Lamps
Light Emitted Diodes (LED)
Carbon arc lamps
Gaslights
INCANDESCENT LAMP
WHAT?
HOTWIRE – FILAMENT SEALED IN A GLASS
JAR (BULB)
HOW?
ELECTRIC CURRENT PASS THROUGH THE
WIRE HEATS IT TO INCADESCENCE, AND
THE WIRE EMITS LIGHT . USE STANDARD
VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
INCANDESCENT LAMP
Inside the glass is a gas such as argon
and/or nitrogen. At the center of the lamp
is a tungsten
Filament up to about 2,500 degrees
Celsius. Just like any hot metal, the
tungsten gets “white hot” at that heat and
emits a great deal of visible light in a
process
INCANDESCENT LAMP
1. GLASS BULB
2. VACUUM OR GAS FILLED3. WIRE/FILAMENT
4. 5. LEAD – IN WIRES
6. SUPPORT WIRES
7. NECK
8. 11. ELECTRIC FUSE
9. BASE
INCANDESCENT LAMP
Advantages:
1. Less expensive
2. Easier to dim with rheostats
3. Warmer cooler than fluorescent
and tungsten – halogen lamps
4. Light output is relatively high
5. Excellent color rendering
6. Can be dimmed
Disadvantages:
1. Energy inefficient
2. Short lamp life time
3. Warm source
SHAPE OF LAMPS:
Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes
and sizes.
SYMBOLS:
1st Part = One or more letters indicates the share of bulb
2nd Part = Number indicates diameter or the bulb in eights
of an inch
Example : A19 = Arbitrary shaped, 19/8 inch diameter
INCANDESCENT LAMP
INCANDESCENT LAMP
EXAMPLES:
• General lighting
service (GLS)
•Parabolic Aluminum
Reflector (PAR)
•Metal Reflector (MR)
INCANDESCENT LAMP
Base Identification:
1. Small Base : Bayonet, Bipin, Candelabra, Intermediate,
Miniature, Mini-Candelabra, Twist-And-Lock, Two-Pin.
2. Medium Base
3. Large Base : Mogul Screw, Mogul Bipost.
INCANDESCENT LAMP
INCANDESCENT LAMP
INCANDESCENT LAMP
Lamp Life Time:
1. Standard-Life Lamp : High temperature for the filament to
operates, emits more light, shorter life time – “burns out”
2. Long-Life Lamp : given wattage produces less light, designed for
longer life
Lamp Efficiency = Light Produced (Lumen, lm)/Electricity
Consumed (Watts W)
Light Output : Insert gas (Argon, Nitrogen, Krypton) slows bulb
blackening caused by condensation on the bulb wall
INCANDESCENT LAMP
Bulbs are sold by WATTS – Measure of Power
Consumed
LUMENS tells how much light lamp emits
HOURS OF OPERATION is produced life-time (750-
1000H, up to 2500H for extended service lamps)
ENERGY SAVING LAMPS – reduced wattage, reduced
light output
INCANDESCENT LAMP
LAMPS TYPES:
NON DIRECTIONAL : (emits light in all directions – A, C,
G, P, PS, S and T shapes, requires additional external
elements for brightness, glare and distribution control)
SEMI DIRECTIONAL : (silver bowl or white bowl lamps,
coating on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)
DIRECTIONAL : (complete optical systems: source,
reflector, lens or filament shield R, AR, MR, PAR built-in
beam control.
INCANDESCENT LAMP
LAMPS TYPES:
Silver Bowl Lamp
White Bowl Lamp
PAR Lamp
AR Lamp
INCANDESCENT LAMP
Semi Directional
INCANDESCENT LAMP
LEFT : R reflector
lamp with soft glass
bulb and ellipsoid
reflector with
moderate focusing
power.
RIGHT : PAR
reflector lamp with
pressed glass bulb
and powerful
parabolic reflector
INCANDESCENT LAMP
TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
WHAT?
Selected gas of the Halogen
Family.
How?
Halogen gas combines with
tungsten molecules that sputter
of the filament deposits
tungsten back on the filament
and emitsconstant level of light.
A halogen bulb has a filament
made of Tungsten, which glows
when electricity is applied, same
as a regular incandescent bulb.
The helogen gas removes the
carbon deposits on the inside of
the bulb, caused by the burning
of the tungsten filament, and
redeposit it back on to the
filament, resulting in a light bulb
which can be bruned at a higher
temperature.
TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
High operating
temperature (500C),
High colour
temperature
Quartz instead of
glass
Equiped with outer
bulb, glass cover,
mesh screen.
TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
ADVANTAGES :
High colour temperature make them “WHITER” thanstandard incandescent lamps.
Longer life time
Great efficiency
Compact in share and size
They come in many SHAPES and SIZES, some directionalothers not, some quite small others the size or regularbulbs, some fit into normal sockets other require specialsockets and voltage to work.
TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
There are many different types of (single ended) TH lamp, the
most common ones are the G9 capsule lamp, GU10 spot lamp
and linear halogen lamps which are all domestic mains voltage,
and G4 capsule lamp, (integral reflector) , R16, MR11 spot
lamps which are low voltage lamp.
TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN
LOW - VOLTAGE LAMPS
• LOW-VOLTAGE LAMPS – Incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps thatoperate between 6v and 75V.
• Standard building current of 115V – 125V must be stepped down by theuse of transformer.
• Low – voltage luminaries with integrated transformers are larger in size andbulkier.
• Practical system is line – voltage equipment.
LOW - VOLTAGE LAMPS
LOW VOLTAGE MULTIFACTED
MIRROR REFLECTOR
(halogen lamp)
LOW VOLTAGE PAR56
(halogen lamp)
COLORED LIGHTS BULBS
Colored ceramic enamel
COLORED FILTERS
• HUE(quality in red or green)
• SATURATION( strength or depth of color)
• BRIGHTNESS(quality of light)
GELATIN FILTERS (“GELS”)
Thin transparent coloured plastic sheet in vide variety of colours, as
well as multicolored and diffused sheets. Short service life – colour
fades rapidly.
INTERFERENCE FILTTERS
One or more layers of ultrathin film coating on clear glass that reflects rather than
absorb unwanted wavelength. They transmit one colour, and reflect the
complementary colour.
Reflection and Transmission by Interference Filters
DISCHARGE LAMPS
What?
Gas, phosphor, catode,
discharge
How?
Light is produced by passage of
an electric current through a
vapor or gas, rather than through
a tungsten wire as in
incandescent lamp.
DISCHARGE LAMPS
FLOURESCENT LAMPS
The classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly bythe wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to lightup the tube.
The conventional starter switch is a small discharge bulb,containing neon or some other gas. The bulb has twoelectrodes positioned right next to each other. When electricityis initially passed through the bypass circuit, an electrical arcjumps between these electrodes to make a connection. This arclights the bulb in the same way a larger arc lights a fluorescentbulb.
FLOURESCENT LAMPS
FLOURESCENT LAMPS
Advantages :
Heat is relatively low
Energy efficient
Range from low grade to high grade
Long lamp life
Usually Cool source
Control gears
Disadvantages :
Colour temperature
Require ballast : preheat, instant-start,rapid-start
Requires controlling elements for glarecontrol
Types :
1. Cold Cathode
2. Hot Cathode
Shape :
1. U-Bent Shape
2. Circuline Shape
3. Compact Fluo-Lamp
FLOURESCENT LAMPS
SHAPES
BALLAST/DRIVER
Integrated
Ballast
(CFL)
Magnetic
Ballast
(Traditional)
Electronic
Ballast
Equipment required to control the starting and operating voltages of
electrical gas discharge lights.
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP
Type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means
of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a
translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.
This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates
the arc’s initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates
the metal salts forming a plasma, which greatly increases the
intensity of light produced by the arc and reduces its power
consumption. High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of arc lamp.
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP
When energy efficiency and/or light
intensity are desired.
These areas include gymnasiums,
large public areas, warehouses, movie
theatres, football stadiums, outdoor
activity areas, roadways, parking lots,
and pathways.
Ultra-High Performance (UHP)HID
lamps are used in LCD or DLP
projection TV sets or projection
displays as well.
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP
LED LIGHT
Red and Infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide
Bright Blue is made with GN -gallium nitride
White LEDs are made with yttrium aluminium garnet
There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.
LED LIGHT
BENEFITS OF LED
LED lights are usually around 3mm - 8mm long.
The small size and profile of the LED lights
allow them to be used where other light bulbs
may not fit.
Size of LED
BENEFITS OF LED
2. BENEFITS OF LED
Where other lights give off
more energy by shinning in
different areas, LED lights
only shine in a specific
direction becoming more
efficient.
Efficiency
3. BENEFITS OF LED
35,000 to 50,000 hours, compared to 750 to
2,000 hours for an incandescent bulb, 8,000 to
10,000 hours for a compact fluorescent and
20,000 to 30,000 hours for a linear florescent
bulb.
Life
4. BENEFITS OF LED
LEDs remain cool. In
addition, since they
contain no glass
components, they are
not vulnerable to
vibration or breakage
like conventional bulbs.
LEDs are thus better
suited for use in areas
like sports facilities and
high-crime locations.
Temperature
USES OF LED LIGHTS IN COMMERCIAL
USES OF LED LIGHTS IN HOSPITILARTY
USES OF LED LIGHTS IN RETAIL
USES OF LED LIGHTS IN RESIDENTIAL
USES OF LED LIGHTS IN OFFICE
LED REFLECTORS
LAMPS
Halogen
MR16 GU 5-3
Incandescent
Stan. E27
Halogen
OR111 G53Halogen PAR
E27
LAMPS
PLC compact
fluorescent
lamp
CFL compact
fluorescent lamp
E27
Fluorescent
CFL spiral E27
Fluorescent
megamun
liliput E27
LAMPS
Fluorescent TL
T5
Fluorescent TL
T8
LED MR16
GU5-3
LED Tubular
Lamp
LAMPS
LED
LED StripLED Strip
LED Flexi
Light
LED Strips
(Plat)
LAMPS
LED LinestaLED Tape
LAMPS
Fiber Optics
LAMPS
Cold Cathode
Thank You