SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY BALAGHAT (M.P.)

SYLLABUS

Ph. D. Entrance Test (Academic Session 2018-19)

The Question paper of the Entrance test will have two sections A and B, each

consisting of 50 objective type compulsory questions. The section A will represent a

component of “Research Methodology” whereas section B shall be “Subject

Specific”. Each question will carry one mark.

(i) There will be no negative marks

(ii)The duration of the Entrance test will be Two hours.

(iii)The candidate must score minimum 50% marks in the Entrance test to qualify for

the interview.

(Time 2 Hours) PART –A & B (Max Marks 100)

PART –A

Research Methodology (common to all discipline)

Unit 1

Basic Concept of research: Rationale of research, Research Problem, Research Objectives, Types of

Research Fundamental, Applied, Action Quantitative/Qualitative and other types of research

Unit 2

Literature Survey/ Review: Primary Sources Secondary Sources Searching e-resources: Using search

engines, searching databases Authenticity of e-resources Writing Literature Review

Unit 3

Research Problem: Identification of research problem Defining research problem

Unit 4

Research Methodology: Types of research methods: Survey method Experimental method (variables,

designs) Historical method Content Analysis Hypotheses: Meaning Types of Hypotheses Formulation of

Hypothesis

Unit 5

Sampling: Concepts of population, sample Sampling Techniques Probability Sampling techniques Non-

Probability Sampling techniques

Unit 6

Data Collection methods, tools and techniques: Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Collection

e.g. Questionnaire, interview schedule, focus groups etc.)

Unit 7

Data analysis techniques: statistical analysis techniques, qualitative analysis techniques, Hypothesis

Testing etc.

Unit 8

Report Writing/ Documentation: Title, Subtitle, Formatting etc. Citation References Bibliography

Unit9

Research Ethics: Environmental impacts, Ethical issues, ethical committees, Commercialization – Copy

right, royalty - Intellectual property rights and patent law, Reproduction of published material, Plagiarism

- Citation and acknowledgement, Reproducibility and accountability.

Unit 10

E Resources in Research: Use of Internet in Research – E Journal, E Library, INFLIBNET.

PART-B

1. CHEMISTRY

Unit 1

Inorganic Chemistry : Chemical periodicity, Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear

molecules (VSEPR) , Concepts of acids and bases, Main group elements and their compounds,Transition

elements and coordination compounds, Organometallic compounds: synthesis, bonding and structure, and

reactivity. applications. Analytical chemistry- Chromatography, Spectroscopic, Electro-analytical

techniques ,Bioinorganic chemistry ,Nuclear chemistry

Unit 2

Physical Chemistry: Atomic Structure ,Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operators ,

Chemical bonding in diatomics, Chemical applications of group theory Molecular spectroscopy: IR and

Raman and its application., Chemical thermodynamics , Physical Photochemistry , Electrochemistry ,

Chemical kinetics , Colloids and surfaces. , Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg’s law and applications;

band structure of solids.

Unit 3

Organic Chemistry : IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules, Stereochemistry: Nomenclature

,Aromaticity: Aromatic, Non-aromatic, Antiaromatic. ,Organic reactive intermediates. ,Organic reaction

mechanisms: addition, elimination and substitution reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical

species. ,Common named reactions and rearrangements. ,Organic transformations and reagents: oxidizing

and reducing agents. ,Pericyclic reactions – electrocyclisation, cycloaddition, sigmatropic

rearrangements. ,Chemistry of Biomacromolecules: Carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, nucleic acids,

Organic Spectroscopy: IR, UV-Vis, 1H &13C NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques.

Unit 4

Interdisciplinary topics : Chemistry in nanoscience, Green chemistry and Environmental chemistry

,Medicinal chemistry.

2. PHYSICS

Unit 1

Mathematical Methods of Physics:Dimensional analysis, Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear

algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem Eigen values and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential

equations of first & second order, Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre function).

Fourier series and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis, analytical functions, Taylor &

Laurent series, poles, residues and evaluation of integrals. Elementary probability theory random

variables, binomial. Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.

Unit 2

Classical Mechanics: Newton’s laws, Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis,

Central force motions. Two body Collisions –Scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid

body dynamics moment of inertia tensor. Non- inertial frames and pseudo forces. Variational principle.

Generalized coordinates, Largrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion. Conservation

Laws and cyclic coordinates. Periodic motion : small oscillations, normal modes. Special theory of

relativity Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and energy equivalence.

Unit 3

Electromagnetic Theory: Electromagnetics Gauss’s law and its applications Laplace and Poission

equations, boundary value problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s theorem.

Electromagnetic induction. Maxwell’s equations in free space and linear isotropic media: boundary

conditions on the fields at interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials,gauge invariance. Electromagnetic

waves in free space. Dielectrics and conductors. Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law,

interference, coherence, and diffraction. Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform

electromagnetic fields.

Unit 4

Quantum MechanicsWave–particle duality. Schrodinger equation (time-dependent and time –

independent). Eigen value problems (Particle in a box. harmonic oscillator, etc)Tunneling through a

barrier. Wave-function in coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and Heisenberg

uncertainty principle. Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential: orbital angular

momentum, angular momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular moment: Hydrogen atom, Stern.

Gerlach experiment. Time independent perturbation theory and applications. Variational method. Time

dependent perturbation theory and Fermi’s golden rule, selection rules, Identical particles, Pauli

exclusion principle, spin–statistics connection.

Unit 5

Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics: Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences.

Thermodynamic potentials. Maxwell relations, chemical potential, phase equilibria, phase space, micro –

and macro-states. Micro-canonical, canonical and noise reduction, shielding and grounding. Fourier

transforms, lock–in detector, box–car integrator, modulation techniques.

Unit 6

Electronics and Experimental Methods: Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field

effect devices, homo-and hetero-junction devices), devices structure, devices characteristics, frequency

dependence and applications, Opto-electronic devices (solar cell, photo detector, LEDs).Operational

amplifier and their application. Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and

similar circuits).A/D and D/A converters, Microprocessor and Microcontroller basics.

Data Interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors. Least

squares fitting, Linear and non linear curve fitting, Chi-square test, Transducers (temperature,

pressure/vacuum, magnetic fields, vibration, optical and particle detectors). Measurement and control

Signal conditioning and

recovery. Impedance matching, amplification (op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback).filtering

and noise reduction, Shielding and grounding. Fourier transforms, Lock-in detector, box–car integrator,

modulation techniques, High frequency devices (including generators and detectors).

Unit 7

Atomic & Molecular Physics:Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of

helium and alkali atom. Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure

and isotopic shift, width of spectrum lines. LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark effects.

Electron spin resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon principle. Born-

Oppenheimer approximation. Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules,

selection rules. Lasers spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A &

B coefficients. Optical pumping, Population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and coherence length.

Unit 8

Condensed Matter Physics:Bravais lattices, Reciprocal lattice, Diffraction and the structure factor.

Bonding of solids. Elastic properties, phonos, lattice specific heat. Free Electron Theory and Electronic

specific heat. Response and relaxation phenomena. Drudge mode of electrical and thermal conductivity.

Hall effect and thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids,

Matter, Insulators and semiconductors, Superconductivity, type–I and type- II superconductors.

Josephson junctions. Superfluidity, Defects of dislocation. Ordered Phases of matter: translational and

orientational order, Kinds of liquid crystalline order, Quasi crystals.

Unit 9

Nuclear and Particle Physics: Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin and

parity. Binding energy, semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear force, form

of nucleon –nucleon potential, charge –independence and charge–symmetry of nuclear forces. Deutron

problem. Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, Its validity and limitations. Rotational

spectra. Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules. Fission and fusion.

Nuclear reactions, reactions mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions.

Classification of fundamental forces. Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin parity, isospin, strangeness, etc,) Gellemann- Nishijima formula. Quark model, baryons and mesons. C,P, and T invariance. Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions. Parity non-conservation in

weak interaction. Relativistic kinematics.

3. MATHEMATICS

Unit 1

Real Analysis: Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence, power series, functions of

several variables, maxima, minima; Riemann integration, multiple integrals, theorems of Green, Stokes

and Gauss; metric spaces.

Unit 2

Functional Analysis: Banach spaces, Hahn-Banach extension theorem, open mapping and closed graph

theorems.

Unit 3

Complex Analysis: Contour integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem,

Maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, Open mapping theorem,Calculus of residues. Conformal

mappings, Mobius transformations.

Unit 4

Algebra: Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups,

permutation groups, Sylow theorems.

Unit 5

Linear Algebra: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Matrix representation of

linear transformations. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis. Reduction and classification of quadratic

forms.

Unit 6

Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs): Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value

problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of

first order ODEs. ODEs of higher orders.

Unit 7

Partial Differential Equations: Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy

problem for first order PDEs. Classification of second order PDEs, General solution of higher order PDEs

with constant coefficients.

Unit 8

Numerical Analysis : Finite differences, Lagrange, Hermite and spline interpolation, Numerical

differentiation and integration, Numerical solutions of ODEs using modified Euler and Runge-Kutta

methods.

Unit 9

Calculus of Variations: Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, Necessary and sufficient

conditions for extrema. Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinaryand partial

differential equations.

Unit 10

Linear Integral Equations: Fredholm and Volterra integral equation, Solutions withseparable kernels.

Characteristic numbers andEigenfunctions, resolvent kernel.

Unit 11

Differential Geometry: Space curves-their curvature and torsion; Serret-Frenet Formula; Fundamental

theorem of space curves; Curves on surfaces; First and second fundamental form; Gaussian curvatures;

Principal directions and principal curvatures.

Unit 12

Fluid Mechanics: Equation of continuity in fluid motion; Euler’s equations of motion for perfect fluids;

Two dimensional motion complex potential; vorticity.

Unit 13

Linear programming: Infeasible and unbounded LPP’s, alternate optima; Dual problem and duality

theorems, dual simplex method and its application in post optimality analysis; u -v method for solving

transportation problems; Hungarian method for solving assignment problems.

4. MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Unit 1

Organisational behavior: The concept and significance of organisational behaviour – Skills and

Roles in an organisation – Classical, Neo – Classical and Modern Theories of Organisational

Structure – Organisational Design – Understanding and Managing individual behaviour personality –

Perception – Values – Attitudes – Learning – Motivation.

Unit 2

Human Resource Management: Concepts and perspectives in HRM; HRM in changing

environment, Human Resource Planning – Objectives, Process and Techniques, Job analysis – Job

Description, Selecting Human Resources. Induction, Training and Development. Exit policy

3: Financial Management Nature and Scope, Valuation Concepts and Valuation of Securities,

Capital Budgeting Decisions – Risk Analysis, Capital Structure and Cost of Capital, Dividend Policy

–Determinants, Long – Term and Short – Term Financing Instruments, Mergers and Acquisitions.

4: Marketing Management Marketing Environment and Environment Scanning; Marketing

Information Systems and Marketing Research; Understanding Consumer and Industrial Markets;

Demand Measurement and Forecasting; Market Segmentation – Targeting and Positioning; Product

Decisions, Product mix, Product Life Cycle; New Product Development; Branding and Packaging;

Pricing Methods and Strategies. Promotion Decisions – Promotion mix; Advertising; Personal

Selling; Channel Management. Customer Relation Management; Uses of Internet as a Marketing

Medium – Other related issues like branding, market development, Advertising and retailing on the

net. New issues in Marketing.

5: Quantitative methods & Techniques Overview of Statistics, Classifying Data to convey

meaning, Measures of Central Tendency –

Mean, Median & Mode, Measures of Variation – Range, Average Deviation, Standard Deviation,

Probability Theory; Probability distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Normal and Exponential;

Correlation and Regression analysis; Sampling theory; Sampling distributions; Tests of Hypothesis;

Large and small samples; t z, F, Chi – square tests.

5. COMMERCE

Unit 1

Business Environment: Second Generation reforms, Privatization and Globalization, Planning Policy,

Meaning and definition of Business Environment, Liberalization, Legal Environment of Business in

India, Industrial Policy, Industrial Growth and Structural Changes, Environment protection, Economic

Policy, Economic Environment, Consumer Protection, Competition Policy

Unit 2

Financial and Management Accounting: Valuation of Shares, Responsibility Accounting, Ratio

Analysis, Partnership Accounts, Liquidation, Financial Statements, Cost and Management Accounting,

Capital and Revenue, Basic Accounting Concept, Advanced Company Accounts

Unit 3

Business Economics: Utility analysis, Price determination in different Market Situations, Nature and

Uses of Business Economics, Laws of Variable Proportion, Laws of Returns, Elasticity of Demand,

Demand Analysis, Concept of Profit and Wealth Maximization

Unit 4

Business Statistics and Data Processing: Sampling Errors, Data types, Data Processing, Data Collection

and Analysis, Correlation and Regression, Computer Application to Functional Areas, Analysis and

Interpretation of data

Unit 5

Business Management: Staffing, Principles of Management, Planning Process, Organizational Culture

and Structure, Organising, Leadership and Control, Decision Making, Business Ethics and Corporate

Governance

Unit 6

Marketing Management: Product decision, “Pricing, Distribution and Promotion”, Marketing Planning,

Marketing Mix, Marketing Environment, Evolution of Marketing, Concepts of Marketing

Unit 7

Financial Management: Working Capital Management, Financial and Operating Leverage, Dividend

Policy, Cost of capital; Capital Budgeting, Capital Structure

Unit 8

Human Resource Management: Training and Development, Succession Planning, Role and Functions

of HRM, Recruitment and Selection, Performance Appraisal, Industrial Relations, HR Planning,

Compensation

Unit 9

Banking and Financial Institution: Reserve Bank of India, NABARD and Rural Banking, Importance

of Banking to Business, Types of Banks, E Banking, Development Banking, Banking Sector Reforms in

India

6. SOCIOLOGY

Unit 1 Classical Sociological Theory: The socio-historical and intellectual background of Sociology; August

Comte (Sociology ─ Positivism ─ social evolution); Karl Marx (historical and dialectical materialism ─

class conflict ─ capital ─ base and super structure); Emile Durkheim (social Fact ─ methodology ─ social

solidarity ─ social change ─ religion and society); Max Weber (social Action─ methodology─ authority

─ class, status and power ─ religion and economy)

Unit 2

Modern Sociological Theory: Conflict Theory and Neo-Marxism (Lewis Coser ─ Ralf Dahrendorf ─

Antonio Gramsci ─ Louis Althusser ─ Habermas) Functionalism and Neo-Functionalism (Talcott

Parsons─ Robert Merton ─Jefferey Alexander) Interpretative Sociology (G.H. Mead ─ Harold Garfinkel

─ Erving Goffman ─ Alfred Schutz ─ Peter Berger ─ Luckmann)

Unit 3

Social Research Method: Meaning and nature (social phenomena ─ scientific enquiry ─ objectivity and

subjectivity ─ fact and value); Quantitative methods (survey ─ research design ─ hypothesis ─ sampling

, techniques of data collection: observation, questionnaire and interview); Qualitative methods

(participant observation ─ case study ─ content analysis ─ oral history ─ life history); Statistical tools

(measures of central tendency─ measures of dispersion ─ correlation ─ test of significance ─ reliability

and validity).

Unit 4

Sociology of India: Approaches to the Study of Indian Society (Indology ─ Civilizational ─ Functional ─

Marxist ─ Subaltern); People of India (groups and communities─ unity and diversity ─ pluralism); Caste

structure and change (Tribe and Caste─ forms of caste ─ caste and social institutions ─ changes in caste

system); Rural social structure (village community ─ change in village community); Family, kinship and

marriage; Religion in India (ideology ─ organization ─ religious movement)

Unit 5

Social Stratification: Theories of social stratification (social class ─ class, status, and party ─ cultural

stratification); Issues in stratification (difference ─ hierarchy ─ equality and inequality); Forms of

stratification (caste ─ class ─ gender ─ ethnic); Stratification and social mobility in India.

Unit 6

Economy and Society: Theories on economic social relationship; Features of industrial society (factory

system ─ division of labor─ bureaucracy ─ rationality─ production relations ─ surplus value ─

alienation); Relationships (labor ─ management ─ conciliation ─ adjudication ─ arbitration─ collective

bargaining ─ trade unions ─ Joint management councils ─ quality circles); Agriculture, Industry and

service sectors; Industrialization and social change in India; Industrial planning.

Unit 7

Political Sociology: Approaches to the study of politics; Concepts (power and authority ─ consensus and

conflict─ elites and masses─ state and stateless societies); Local, everyday power and wider political

system; State and society under capitalism; Citizenship and the welfare state; sovereignty and institutional

autonomy; state and society in India; Civil society and social mobilization.

Unit 8

Sociology of Development: Conceptual perspectives (economic─ human ─ social ─ sustainable ─

ecological notions of development); Theories of underdevelopment (Max Weber ─ Gunnar Myrdal ─

Frank ─ Samir Amin ─ Wallerstein); Paths of development (modernization ─ globalization ─Socialist ─

Mixed ─ Gandhian); Social structure and development; Culture and development

Unit 9

Family, Kinship and Marriage: Theories; family (types ─ characteristics) kinship (incest taboo ─ honor

─ descent, residence and inheritance); Marriage patterns (exchange ─ alliance ─ bride-wealth ─ dowry ─

social reproduction ─ monogamy ─ plural marriages); Culture, law and economy; Indian case.

7. ENGLISH

Unit 1

British Literature from 14th century to 20th century (25 marks) [Chaucerian Age – Elizabethan Age –

Puritan Era – Metaphysical Poets – Restoration Age – Augustan Age – Pre Romantic & Romantic Ages –

Victorian Age – Twentieth century – 1950s onwards]

Unit 2

American & Non-British Literature (20 marks) [Introduction – New Poetry – American Literature –

Indian Writings in English (Pre-Independence Era) – Indian Writings in English (Modern Writings,

Partition Literature, Dalit Literature, Feminist Writings, Diasporic Writings, North East Indian Literature,

Literatures in Translation) – Commonwealth Literature]

Unit 3

Contemporary Literature (10 marks) (Familiarity with contemporary writers, their works, literary award

winners, new movements in literature)

Unit 4

Literary Theory and Criticism (15 marks) (Classical Age – Renaissance, 17th & 18th Centuries –

Romantic Age – British Liberal Humanists & New Criticism – Structuralism, Post Structuralism &

Deconstruction – Postmodernism – Feminism – Marxism - Postcolonialism Theories)

Unit 5

English Language Teaching (Language related theories – Methods – Approaches – Techniques) Refer

Geetha Nagaraj’s English Language Teaching: Approaches, Methods, Techiques.• Published by Orient

Longman Pvt. Ltd, 2008 (2nd edition). Unit 6: Grammar and Vocabulary.

8. HISTORY

A. General Awareness – Questions will be on issues pertaining to social, economic, political

developments in India in general

B. History as a subject focusing on the following:

1. Historiography

i. Objectivity and Interpretation

ii. Ancient Indian Historiography

iii. Medieval Indian Historiography

iv. Modern Indian Historiography

v. Subaltern studies

2. Ancient India

i. Indus Valley Civilization

ii. Polity in Ancient India

iii. Economy in Ancient India

iv. Social Systems

v. Religious Traditions

3. Medieval India

i. Indian Feudalism

ii. Society & Economy

iii. Polity in Medieval India

iv. Bhakti & Sufi Movements

v. 18th Cent. Debate

4. Modern India

i. Revolt of 1857

ii. National Movement

iii. Economic Impact of Colonial Rule

iv. Social and Intellectual Reform Movements

v. Gandhi and Gandhian Ideology

9.EDUCATION

Objectives : To enable the students to

• Relate philosophy and education

• Explain different sociological theories and its educational significance

• Explain the theories of education as social institution

• Apply theories of learning in classroom situation

• Suggest application of theories for personality development

• Understand the importance, concept, need and components of teacher effectiveness

• Identify strategies for enhancing teacher effectiveness

• Explain the concept of curriculum and process of curriculum development

• Apply models in the development of curriculum.

• Evaluate the curriculum on the basis of appropriate model

• Explain the concept & nature of research in education

• Explain the terms associated with research

• Apply appropriate methods of research in education

• Explain, construct & administer the tools & techniques of data collection

• Select sample by proper sampling methods

• Explain & Select appropriate technique of data analysis to test the hypothesis

• Apply the knowledge of report writing

Unit 1 Module 1: Philosophical Perspectives of Education: Modern concept of Philosophy : Logical Analysis, Logical Empiricism and Positive relativism Epistemology and Education : Nature and types of knowledge, Methods of acquiring valid knowledge with special reference to Analytical Philosophy, Dialectic approach, Scientific inquiry, Nyaya , Yoga Axiology and Education : Concept of Value, Relativity of values Indian schools of thoughts : Vedic, Buddhist, and Islamic period Western schools of thoughts : Humanism, Existentialism, Essentialism, Progressivism

Unit 2 Module 2: Sociological perspective of Education :

Theoretical perspectives to study society : i) Functional ii) Conflict iii) Symbolic

interactionism and its significance to education. Concept of Modernization : individual and social modernity, Role of education in modernization Post modernism and its educational implication. Views of Jean François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida on post modernism, Gender ideology in Society : Meaning, Role of religion, constitution and law in gender ideology Gender differentiation, gender stereotyping gender inequality in the society Women empowerment: concept, aspects of empowerment, Role of education in empowerment - Multicultural education, Media awareness, RTE-2009.

Unit 3 Module 3: Reflecting on Teaching Learning Process – Learning styles : Kolb’s Learning style, Honey & Mumford’s learning styles Metacognition : Meaning, Difference between cognition and metacognition Models of metacognition by Falvell’s and Brown’s.

Theories of Learning:

a. Ausubel’s meaningful verbal learning theory: Concept of cognitive structure, Types of learning, educational implication

b. Hebb’s neurophysiological theory of learning c. Roger’s theory of experiential learning

Theories of Teaching : Formal theory, Descriptive theory and Normative theory; Difference between theories of learning and theories of teaching

a. Carroll’s model of Mastery Learning – need, assumptions, components, and implications b. Slavin’s QAIT model and its educational implication c. Bruner’s theory of Instruction: Four guiding principles of instruction

Implications of brain research in teaching - Concept and need of inclusion; teaching techniques for inclusive Classrooms.

Unit 4 Module 4: Personality and Adjustment Personality theories

a. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and defense mechanism

b. Big 5 model of personality

c. Roger’s humanistic theory with specific reference to REBT

d. Jung’s theory with specific reference to MBT

Unit 5 Module 5: Reflecting on Teacher Education - National Curriculum Framework (NCFTE) -2009 as

given by National Council of Teacher Education (NCTE) .

Issues, concerns and problems of teacher education .

Difference between andragogy and pedagogy .

Reflective models and practices in teacher education . Concept and characteristics of a profession . Professional ethics and code of conduct for teachers and teacher educators Present status of teaching profession and enhancing the social status of teaching profession

Unit 6 Module 6: Professionalising Teacher Education - Strategies for professional development of

teachers through workshops, seminars, symposiums, panel discussions, conferences, self study, study groups and study circles, book clubs, extension lectures, research colloquium, refresher courses, orientation programmes . Concept, need and components of teacher effectiveness. Strategies for enhancing teacher effectiveness . Current trends and procedures in evaluating teacher effectiveness . Use of sign system, category system, portfolio assessment, academic performance indicators in teacher effectiveness .

Unit 7 Module 7: Curriculum Development - Understanding curriculum as a ( body of knowledge to be transmitted,, product, process, praxis.) . Elements and principles of curriculum development . Models of Curiculum development. a. Hunkin’s Decision- Making model b. Weinstein and Fantini model c. Fink’s model of integrated course design

Unit 8 Module 8: Curriculum Implementation and evaluation – Factors influencing effective curriculum implementation . Criteria for selecting learning opportunities . ICT as a mode of curricular transaction with their strengths and limitation : Computer based learning . Online learning Blended learning . Models of curriculum implementation a. ORC mode l(overcoming resistance to change) b. Linkage model Models of curriculum evaluation a. Tyler’s Goal attainment model. b. Stufflebeam’s CIPP model c. Scriven’s Goal free model d. Kirkpatrick’s 4 level model

Unit 9

Module 9: Concept and nature of research in education Content: - Nature of knowledge, different methods of acquiring knowledge, scientific inquiry, concept of research . Introduction to research in education: Meaning & definitions, Characteristics, Need, Areas. Importance of review of related literature & research Recording of the references, notes taking, use of cards Online, offline references . Different terms : Objectives, Assumptions, Hypothesis-types & characteristics, Variables- types & control, Operational definitions, Limitations & Delimitations Types of Research: Fundamental, Applied, Action . Approaches to research : Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed method . Meaning, Difference and Steps involved . Ethical consideration in research .

Unit 10

Module 10: Research methods

Content : -

Research Methods ( Steps, methods/designs , strengths and weaknesses)

a. Historical b. Descriptive c. Experimental

Unit 11

Module 11: Data collection procedures

Content :

Techniques of data collection : Observation, Interview, projective & sociometric . Tools of data collection : Achievement test, intelligence test, check list, rating scale, anecdotal records, attitude test, Aptitude test, Personality test Questionnaire . Merits & limitations . Reliability & validity of tools & techniques : meaning , types of validity and reliability Sampling : Sample & population – Meaning , Need , sampling error , determining sample size . Probability sampling methods (random—simple, systematic, cluster, stratified, multistage, quota) . Non probability sampling methods (incidental, purposive) .

Unit 12

Module 12: Data analysis & report writing Content: - Types of data Analysis: i) Qualitative ii) Quantitative

I. Quantitative data Analysis

1. Descriptive analysis :

a. Different scales (nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio)

b. Uses of graphs in the analysis of data,

c. Measures of Central tendency (concept & uses)

d. Measures of variability (concept & uses)

e. Correlation-meaning & uses in research

2. Inferential Analysis-

I) Quantitative Analysis

Levels of significance, Degree of freedom, Type I & Type II error, Standard error of mean One tailed &

two tailed test Power of Statistical test and effect size

Parametric tests — T test, analysis of variance, co-variance

Non Parametric tests - Mann Whitney U test, Chi square test, sign test, median test .

II)Qualitative Data Analysis

Data reduction and Classification

Analytical Induction

Constant Comparison .

Report Writing - format, style, content & chapterization References, appendices Characteristics of a

good research report

Module number Weightage in term of marks

Module 1 & 2 20 marks

Module 3 & 4 20 marks

Module 5 & 6 10 marks

Module 7 & 8 20 marks

Module 9 to 12 30 marks

References :

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• Enclave. Anderson, JR (1983) Rules of the mind Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum

• Banrs, JA (1996), Cultural diversity and education: Foundations curriculum and th teaching (4th ed) Boston: Alynand, Becon

• Best JW (1999) Research in Education, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd

• Beyer, LE (Ed) (1996) Creating democratic classrooms: The struggle to integrate theory and Practice New York: Teachers College Press

• Beck, Clive & Clark Kosnik Albany (2006): Innovations in Teacher Education: A Social Constructivist approach. State University of York.

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• Kaul, Lokesh (1984) Methodology of Educational Research New Delhi: Vikas Publications

• Kerlinger, FN (1986) Foundations of Behavioural Research Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Bmce Jovanovich .

• Kirkapatrick, DL (2005) Evaluating training Programmes: The four Levels San Francisco: Brrett-Kochler .

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• Lieber, CM (2002) Partners in learning: from conflict to collaboration Cambridge, MA, Educators for Social responsibility

• McKernan, James (2007): Curriculum and Imagination: Process, Theory, Pedagogy and Action Research.Routledge. U.K.

• Naik, JP (1975) Equality, quality and quantity: The elusive triangle of Indian education, Allied Publications, Bombay

• NCTE (1998): Policy Perspectives in Teacher Education. New Delhi

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• NCERT (2005). National Curriculum Framework-2005, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi.

• Wiles, J.W. & Joseph Bondi (2006): Curriculum Development: A Guide to Practice. Pearson Publication

• Palmer, Joy A, (2001) Fifty Modern thinkers on education: From Piaget to the present Day Routledge Flamer London USA Canada

• Peters, RS (ed), (1975) The Philosophy of education Oxford University Press, London

• Piaget, J (1999) Judgment and reasoning in the child London: Routledge . • Patton MQ (2002) Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage

• Segal, JW Chipman, SF, & Glaser, R (1985) Thinking and learning skills: Relating Instruction to Basic Research (Vol I) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum

• Synder, CR & Shane J Lopez (2007) Positive psychology SAGE Publications UK .

• Vygostsky L (1986) Thought and language (A Kazulin, Trans) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

• Wiles, J.W. & Joseph Bondi (2006): Curriculum Development: A Guide to Practice. Pearson Publication

10. POLITICAL SCIENCE

For Subject specific Test

Sr. No. Course Title

1 Political Theory

2 Political Philosophy

3 Administrative Theory

4 Issues in Administration

5 Theoretical Aspects of International Politics

6 Issues in World Politics

7 Theoretical Aspects of Comparative Politics

8 Issues in Comparative Politics

For Research Aptitude Test

Course No. Course Title

1 Research Methods for Political Enquiry

Course Content :

Course1 : Political Theory

Units:

1. Nature and Significance of Political Theory

2. Importance and Limitations of the Classical Tradition

3. Modern Approaches: Behaviouralism, Post-behaviouralism and Marxism

4. Civil Society and the State

5. Citizenship & Nation

Course 2: Political Philosophy

Units:

1. Grounds of Political Obligation

2. Political Disobedience and Resistance

3. Democracy, Liberty and Rights

4. Equality and Justice

5. Recent trends: Post Modernism & Feminism

Course 3: Administrative Theory

Units:

1. The Study of Administration: Its Nature and Development

2. Ecological, Decision-Making and Political Economy Approaches

3. Development Administration

4. Bureaucracy and Society: Weberian, Marxist and Feminist Perspectives

5. Public Policy: Theories and Processes

Course 4: Issues in Administration

Units:

1. Administration and Politics: Civil Service Neutrality and Integrity

2. Economic Administration in a Planned Economy and Free Market Economy

3. Administrative Ethics and Accountability

4. Governance: Issues and Challenges

5. Recent Trends: Modernisation of Administration, Partnership with Industry, Non – Governmental

Organisations (NGOs), Disaster Management

Course 5: Theoretical Aspects of International Politics Units: 1. The Study of International Politics: Its Nature and Scope

2. Major Approaches: Realism, Idealism, Systems Theory, Marxism and Feminism

3. The Concept of National Power: Its Constituents and Limitations

4. The Management of Power: Balance of Power and Collective Security

5. The Concept of Non-alignment: Bases, Role and Relevance

Course 6: Issues in World Politics

Units:

1. Foreign Policy and Diplomacy

2. War, Arms Race and Disarmament

3. International Law and Organisation: Achievements, Limitations and Prospects.

4. Regional Organisations: Patterns, Role and Importance

5. Contemporary Challenges: Terrorism, Human Rights, Globalisation and Clash of Civilisations

Course 7: Theoretical Aspects of Comparative Politics

Units:

1. The Study of Comparative Politics: Its Nature and Development

2. Systems and Structural-Functionalist Approaches

3. Marxist and Feminist Approaches

4. Strategies for Comparison

5. Typology of Political Systems

Course 8: Issues in Comparative Politics

Units:

1. Political Culture and Socialisation

2. Political Elites and Classes

3. Political Parties and Elections

4. Interest Groups and People’s Movements

5. Political Development and Revolution

11. HINDI

Unit -1, Hindi Sahitya ka Itihas Aadikal, madhaykal, aadhunik kal---paristhitiyan, pravritiyan,

pramukha kavi, lekhak aur kritiyan.

Unit-2, Hindi Bhasha ka Itihas Sansar ki bhashaonka vargikarn, Hindi bhasha ka udbhav aur vikas,

bhasha ke vibhinna roop, Hindi bhasha ki boliyaan, shab bhandar, lipi ka udbhav au rvikas, bhasha

ki pravritiyaan, bhasha parivartanke karan, bahsha vigyan hai ya kala, bhasha ke ang, dhwani

vigyan, shabda vigyan, artha vigya, vakya,

Unit-3, Bharateeya Kavya Shastra Kavya ke lakshan,kavya ki aatma, kavya hetu aur prayojan, kavya

gun aur dosha, kavya sampraday ( alankar, ras, riiti, vakrokti,auchitya, dhwani) shabda shakati,

kavya ke bhed, mahakavya, Natak.

Unit-4, Paschatya Kavya Shastra Plato ke kekavya sambhandhi Vichar, arstu aur Unake kavya

sidhant,Lojjhainus ke kavya Sidhant, Hores, T.S. Eliot, I.A. Richards, Croche, Coleridge, Myathu

Ornold, Kala kala ke liye, Swachandatavaad, Yathartha Vaad.

Unit.5, Hindi Sahitya ki Gadhya Vidhayen Hindi Kahani - Beesavii Sadi ki kahani aur Pramukha

kahani Aandolan, Hindi ke Pramukha Kahanikar aur unaki Charchit khaniyan, Premchand,Prasad,

Jainedra,Yashapal, Agney,Kamleshwar, BHisham Sahani, Mannu Bhandari, Usha Priyamvada,

Mrudila Garg. Hindi Upanyas - Premchand Purv yug, Premchand Yug,Premchandottar yug ke

pramukha upanyaskar,Jainedra,Agney, hajariprasad Dwivedi, Yashapal, Amritlal Nagar,

Phanoshwarnatha Renu. Hindi Natak – Hindi ke Pramukha Natakkar aur unake Natak, Hindi

Nibandha - Hindi ke pramukha Nibandhakar- Ramchandra Shukala, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi,

Vidyanivas Mishara, Vishanu Prabhakar.

Unit-6, Vishesh kavi,Lekhak aur unaki Kritiyaan. Kabirdas - kabir Grabthavali,kabi

kibhakati,darshnikata, rahasyavaad,kabit ki samajik chetana, ulatbaasiyaan, Tulasidas -Ramcharit

Manas, bhakati, Loknayakatava, Samnwayavaad, Darshnikata, Tulasi ke Ram, Ramrajya ki

parikalpana, Surdas - Bhramargeet, Bhramar Geet Parampara, Sur ki bhakati Kavya Kala,

vagvidagata, Darshanikata, Bihari — Satsai, satsai parampar, srigarikata, kavya kala, bhasha shaili,

Mukatakakar Bihari, Bhakati, niiti. Prasad- Kamayani, Mahakavyatav, roopkatava, Pratikatmakata,

Manovigyanikata, shaivadarshan,aandavaad, Nirala - Rag-Virag, Vidrohi kavi Nirala, Pragatishilata,

Yathartha, Bhasha, shok geet, kavya chetana Naresha Mehata - sanshaya ki Ek raat, Mhaprasthan,

Pravaad Parva- Mithakiyata, Yudha aur shanti, khand kavya, aadhunikata,kendriya vichar dhara,

bhashagat adhyayan

Unit-7 , Hindi Patrakarita Patrakarita- artha paribhasha aur swaroop,patrakarita ke vividha roop,

bharat mein patrakarita ki prishthabhumi, Hindi patrakarita ke udhabhav aur vikas, Hindi ke

pramukha patrakar aur patrikayen, sampadan kala, sampadak ke gun aur yogyataayen, sampadakiya,

shiirshak,samachar samitiyaan, prishtha sajja, aamukha, vigyapan, cartoon, suchana praudhyagiki

aur Hindi patrakarita, karnatak ki Hindi patrakarita

Unit 8, Prayojanmulak Hindi Prayojanmualak Hindi se abhipraya aur usaki parivyapti,

prayojanmulak Hindi ki prayuktiyan aur usake prayogatmak kshetra. Rajabhasha Hindi ka vikas,

bharteeya samvidhan aur Hidni, Rajbhasha aayog 1955, sansadiya rajbhasha samitti 1957,

rashtrapati aadesha 1960, rajbhasha adhiniyam 1963, rajbhasha samshodhan adhiniyam 1967,

1976,Hindi tatha anya bharteeya bhashaon la sambandha, aalekha aur tippan

Unit-9 , Anuvaad Anuvaad- artha, paribhasha, swaroop aur prakar, anuvaad kla hai ya vigyan ,

anuvaad ka mahatva aur upayogita, anuvaad ki samsyanyen, achche anuvadak ke gun aur

yogtyayen.

Unit-10, Bharateeya Sahitya. Bharteeya sahity aki avadharn evam swaroop, bharteeya sahitya ke

adhyayan ki samsyayen, bharteeya sahity ake vikas ke charan, bharteeya sahitya ka samaj shastra,

bharteeya sahitya meinaaj ke bharat ka bimba, hindi sahitya mein bharteeya mulyan ki abhivyakati

12. CIVIL ENGINEERING

Unit 1

Structural Engineering:Engineering Mechanics: System of forces, free-body diagrams,

equilibrium equations; Internal forces in structures; Friction and its applications; Kinematics of

point mass and rigid body; Centre of mass; Euler’s equations of motion; Impulse-momentum;

Energy methods; Principles of virtual work. Solid Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in

statically determinate beams; Simple stress and strain relationships; Theories of failures; Simple

bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre; Uniform torsion, buckling of column,

combined and direct bending stresses. Structural Analysis: Statically determinate and

indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods; Method of superposition; Analysis of trusses,

arches, beams, cables and frames; Displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution

methods; Influence lines; Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis. Concrete

Structures: Working stress, Limit state and Ultimate load design concepts; Design of beams, slabs,

columns; Bond and development length; Prestressed concrete; Analysis of beam sections at transfer

and service loads. Steel Structures: Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of

tension and compression members, beams and beam- columns, column bases; Connections - simple

and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses; Plastic analysis of beams and

frames.

Unit 2

Geotechnical Engineering Soil Mechanics: Origin of soils, soil structure and fabric; Three-phase

system and phase relationships, index properties; Soil classification system; Permeability – one and

two dimensional flow; flow nets; Principle of effective stress, capillarity, seepage force and

quicksand condition; Compaction in laboratory and field conditions; One dimensional consolidation,

time rate of consolidation; Shear strength; Mohr’s circle, effective and total shear strength

parameters, Dynamic properties of soil and there measurement . Foundation Engineering: Sub-

surface investigations; Earth pressure theories - Rankine and Coulomb; Stability of slopes - finite

and infinite slopes; Stress distribution in soils - Boussinesq’s and Westergaard’s theories, pressure

bulbs; Shallow foundations - Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff’s bearing capacity theories, effect of water

table; Combined footing and raft foundation; Contact pressure; Settlement analysis in sands and

clays; Deep foundations - types of piles, dynamic and static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands

and clays, pile load test, negative skin friction.

Unit 3

Environmental Engineering: Water and Waste Water: Quality standards, basic unit processes

and operations for water treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit

operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and

sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary

treatment of wastewater, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of

characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment. Unit operations and unit

processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal. Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources

and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits.

Municipal Solid Wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes,

engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and

disposal). Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of

noise and control of noise pollution. 12

Unit 4

Transportation Engineering: Transportation Infrastructure: Highway alignment and

engineering surveys; Geometric design of highways – cross-sectional elements, sight distances,

horizontal and vertical alignments; Geometric design of railway track; Airport runway length,

taxiway and exit taxiway design. Highway Pavements: Highway materials – desirable properties

and quality control tests; Design of bituminous paving mixes; Design factors for flexible and rigid

pavements; Design of flexible pavement using IRC: 37-2012; Design of rigid pavements using IRC:

58-2011; Distresses in concrete pavements. Traffic Engineering: Traffic studies on flow, speed,

travel time – delay and O-D study, PCU, peak hour factor, parking study, accident study and

analysis, statistical analysis of traffic data; Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow,

fundamental relationships; Control devices, signal design by Webster’s method; Types of

intersections and channelization; Highway capacity and level of service of rural highways and urban

roads.

10. COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING Unit 1

Discrete Mathematics: Propositional and first order logic.Sets, relations, functions, partial orders

and lattices.Groups.Graphs: connectivity, matching, coloring. Combinatorics: counting, recurrence

relations, generating functions. Probability: Random variables. Uniform, normal, exponential,

poisson and binomial distributions.Mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Conditional

probability and Bayes theorem.

Unit 2

Computer Organization and Architecture

Machine instructions and addressing modes.ALU, data‐path and control unit.Instruction pipelining.

Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA

mode).

Unit 3

Algorithms

Searching, sorting, hashing. Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity. Algorithm design

techniques: greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer , Backtracking, Branch & Bound

, Optimization Technique. Graph search, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths.

Unit 4

Software Engineering

Role of Software, Changing Nature of Software, Legacy Software, Software Myths. A Generic

View of Process: Software Engineering -A Layered Technology, A Process Framework, The

CMMI, Process Patterns, Process Assessment, Personal and Team Process Models, Process

Technology, Product and Process.Test Strategies for Object Oriented Software,Art of Debugging.

Unit 5Theory of Computation: Regular expressions and finite automata. Context free grammars

and push down automata. Regular and contex free languages, pumping lemma. Turing machines and

undecidability.

Unit 6

Operating System: Processes,threads, interprocess communication, concurrency and

synchronization.Deadlock.CPU scheduling.Memory management and virtual memory. File systems.

Unit 7

Databases Management System: ER model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus,

SQL. Integrity constraints, normal forms.File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees).

Transactions and concurrency control.

Unit 8

Computer Network

Reference models, Physical Layer, Multiple access protocols, Ethernet, Routing algorithms,

Congestion control algorithms, Quality of service, Internet working, Network layer in the Internet,

Transport service, Elements of transport protocols, Internet transport protocols: TCP & UDP,

Domain Name System Sexction 10: Web Technology.

Unit 9

WEB Technologies World Wide Web, markup language like HTML, XHTML and XML, dynamic

content generated languages like ASP, JSP and SERVLETS

11. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Unit 1

Materials Science& Metallurgy: Classification of engineering materials, crystallography, solid

solutions, eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic and peritectoid transformations, iron carbon diagrams, TTT

diagrams, alloys and composite materials.

Unit 2

Manufacturing Processes and Machine Tools: Manufacturing Processes: Casting, forging, sheet

metal working, rolling, extrusion, metal joining processes (welding, soldering,and brazing).

Machine Tools: Lathe machine, drilling machine and grinding machine (basic elements, working

and types of operations).Non-conventional machining methods, Introduction to NC, CNC, and

DNC.

Unit3 Introduction to Thermodynamics: System, process, properties, specific properties, concept

of mechanical work & heat, heat engine, heat pump and refrigerator, efficiency and COP terms,

Laws of Thermodynamics (Zeroth, First and Second laws) , various power cycles, refrigeration and

air-conditioning.

Unit 4

Energy Producing Devices/Thermal Engineering Devices: Boilers, working principle of two

stroke and four stroke ICengines (diesel and petrol).

Power absorbing devices: pumps (reciprocating and centrifugal, rotary pumps), compressors

(reciprocating and centrifugal compressors), fans, blowers.

Unit 5

Design of Machine Elements: Design Fundamentals: Design concept, need, design considerations,

design of machine elements. Mechanisms: Kinematic link, kinematic pair, kinematic chain,

mechanisms (four barand slider crank).Machine Elements: Shaft, axle, keys, coupling (rigid &

flexible), drives (belt, chain & gear), brakes.

Unit 6

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery: Fluid statics, dynamics and kinematics, dimensional analysis

and model testing, water turbines, pumps, and hydraulic couplings, computational fluid dynamics.

Unit 7

Industrial Engineering: Productivity, method study and work measurements, types of production

systems, plant layouts, aggregate planning, master production scheduling, materials requirement

planning, facility layouts, sequencing and scheduling, CPM and PERT, inventory management and

quality control.

12. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

Unit 1: Digital electronics: Variables and Functions , Inversion, Truth Tables , Logic gates and

Networks, Boolean Algebra , Synthesis Using AND ,OR,NOT , NAND and NOR Gates. Design

Examples – Karnaugh Map – Strategy for Minimization, Minimization of product of Sums forms,

Combinational Circuits Building Blocks – Multiplexers, Decoders – Encoders Code Converters,

Arithmetic Comparison Circuits – Flip flop, Registers, Counters

Unit 2: Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT): Frequency domain sampling and reconstruction of

discrete time signals. Fourier Series and transform, DFT and its Properties, Circular convolution IIR

filter design: Characteristics of commonly used analog filters – Butterworth and Chebysheve filters,

analog to analog frequency transformations. Design of IIR filters from analog filters (Butterworth

and Chebyshev) - impulse invariance method, Bilinear transformation method FIR filter design:

Introduction to FIR filters, design of FIR filters using - Rectangular, Hamming, Barlet and Kaiser

windows, Implementation of discrete-time systems: Structures for IIR and FIR systems-direct form I

and direct form II systems, cascade, and parallel realization.

Unit 3:Electromagnetic fields: Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic fields, Sparameters, basic

Transmission line equations, impedance transformers, basics of antennas, antenna specifications

Digital communications : sampling – quantization – encoding – aliasing – Nyquist rate - Modulation

schemes PAM, PCM,PSK, FSK, QAM and higher order of modulation techniques and their error

performance – pulse shaping, matched filter.

13 SYLLABUS FOR LIFE SCIENCES

1. MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTION RELAVENT TOBIOLOGY

A. Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds.

B. Composition, structure and function of bio molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,

nucleic acids and vitamins).

C. Stablizing interactions (Vander Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic

interaction etc.).

D. Principles of biophysical chemistry (pH, buffer, reaction kinetics,

thermodynamics, colligative properties).

E. Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer,

biological energy transducers.

F. Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of

enzyme catalysis, isozymes.

G. Conformation of proteins (Ramachandran plot, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure;

domains; motif and folds).

H. Conformation of nucleic acids (A-, B-, Z-, DNA), t-RNA, micro-RNA).

I. Stability of protein and nucleic acid structures.

J. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins.

2. 2. CELLULARORGANIZATION

A. Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane

protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, ion pumps, mechanism of sorting and

regulation of intracellular transport, electrical properties of membranes.

B. Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: Cell wall, nucleus,

mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles,

chloroplast, structure & function of cytoskeleton and its role inmotility.

C. Organization of genes and chromosomes: Operon, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of

chromatin and chromosomes, unique and repetitive DNA, heterochromatin, euchromatin,

transposons.

D. Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, and control

of cell cycle.

E. Microbial Physiology: Growth, yield and characteristics, strategies of cell division, stress

response.

3. FUNDAMENTALPROCESSES

A. DNA replication, repair and recombination: Unit of replication, enzymes involved,

replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extra chromosomal

replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms.

B. RNA synthesis and processing: Transcription factors and machinery, formation of

initiation complex, transcription activators and repressors, RNA polymerases, capping,

elongation and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, polyadenylation,

structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport.

C. Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation

factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code,

aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, translational

proof-reading, translational inhibitors, post- translational modification of proteins.

D. Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: Regulation of

phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression, role of chromatin in

regulating gene expression and gene silencing.

4. CELL COMMUNICATION AND CELLSIGNALING

A. Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like

bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by

pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and

plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells.

B. Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-

protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation

of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component signaling systems, bacterial

chemotaxis and quorum sensing.

C. Cellular communication: Regulation of hematopoiesis, general principles of cell

communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions,

extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation.

D. Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes,

cancer and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer, metastasis, interaction of cancer cells

with normal cells, apoptosis, therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth.

E. Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and

adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes,

structure and function of antibody molecules, generation of antibody diversity,

monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC

molecules, antigen processing and presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T

cells, B and T cell receptors, humoral and cell- mediated immune responses, primary and

secondary immune modulation, the complement system, Toll-like receptors, cell-

mediated effector functions, inflammation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, immune

response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections,

congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, vaccines.

5. DEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGY

A. Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction,

competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and

cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants;

imprinting; mutants and transgenics in analysis of development.

B. Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development: Production of gametes, cell

surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and

double fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation, embryonic

fields, gastrulation and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis,

establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination.

C. Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Cell aggregation and differentiation in

Dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in Drosophila, amphibia and chick;

organogenesis – vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans; eye lens induction, limb

development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic

development-larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal

development; sex determination.

D. Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical

meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to

flowering, floral meristems and floral development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum.

E. Programmed cell death, aging and senescence.

6. SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY - PLANT

A. Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport;

photoprotective mechanisms; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and CAM pathways.

B. Respiration and photorespiration: Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron

transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway.

C. Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis.

D. Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport; physiological effects

and mechanisms of action.

E. Sensory photobiology: Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes,

cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological

clocks.

F. Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Uptake, transport and

translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across

membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration; mechanisms of loading and

unloading of photo assimilates.

G. Secondary metabolites - Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds

and their roles.

H. Stress physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic

(water, temperature and salt) stresses; mechanisms of resistance to biotic stress and

tolerance to abiotic stress

7. SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY -ANIMAL

A. Blood and circulation: Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma

function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity,

haemostasis.

B. Cardiovascular System: Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart,

specialized tissue, ECG – its principle and significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump,

blood pressure, neural and chemical regulation of all above.

C. Respiratory system: Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical

considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural and

chemical regulation of respiration.

D. Nervous system: Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal

cord, central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and posture.

E. Sense organs: Vision, hearing and tactile response.

F. Excretory system: Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine

concentration, waste elimination, regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood

pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance.

G. Thermoregulation: Comfort zone, body temperature – physical, chemical, neural

regulation, acclimatization.

H. Stress and adaptation

I. Digestive system: Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR.

J. Endocrinology and reproduction: Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone

action, hormones and diseases; reproductive processes, neuroendocrine regulation.

8. INHERITANCEBIOLOGY

A. Mendelian principles: Dominance, segregation, independent assortment, deviation from

Mendelian inheritance.

B. Concept of gene: Allele, multiple alleles, pseudo allele, complementation tests.

C. Extensions of Mendelian principles: Codominance, incomplete dominance, gene

interactions, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting, penetrance and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage

and crossing over, sex linkage, sex limited and sex influenced characters.

D. Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers,

mapping by using somatic cell hybrids, development of mapping population in plants.

E. Extra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes,

maternal inheritance.

F. Microbial genetics: Methods of genetic transfers – transformation, conjugation, transduction

and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating, fine structure analysis of genes.

G. Human genetics: Pedigree analysis, lod score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic

disorders.

H. Quantitative genetics: Polygenic inheritance, heritability and its measurements, QTL

mapping.

I. Mutation: Types, causes and detection, mutant types – lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss

of function, gain of function, germinal verses somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis.

J. Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion, duplication, inversion,

translocation, ploidy and their genetic implications.

K. Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombination, including

transposition, site-specific recombination.

9. DIVERSITY OF LIFEFORMS

A. Principles and methods of taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa,

biological nomenclature, classical and quantitative methods of taxonomy of plants,

animals and microorganisms.

B. Levels of structural organization: Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms;

levels of organization of tissues, organs and systems; comparative anatomy.

C. Outline classification of plants, animals and microorganisms: Important criteria used

for classification in each taxon; classification of plants, animals and microorganisms;

evolutionary relationships among taxa.

D. Natural history of Indian subcontinent: Major habitat types of the subcontinent,

geographic origins and migrations of species; common Indian mammals, birds;

seasonality and phenology of the subcontinent.

E. Organisms of health and agricultural importance: Common parasites and

pathogens of humans, domestic animals and crops.

10. ECOLOGICALPRINCIPLES

A. The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic

interactions.

B. Habitat and niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and

realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement.

C. Population ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population

regulation; life history strategies (r and K selection); concept of metapopulation – demes and

dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations.

D. Species interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory,

pollination, symbiosis.

E. Community ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of

species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones.

F. Ecological succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of

climax.

G. Ecosystem: Structure and function; energy flow and mineral cycling (CNP); primary

production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: terrestrial

(forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, estuarine).

H. Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical

zones of India.

I. Applied ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity-

status, monitoring and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity

management approaches.

J. Conservation biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management, Indian

case studies on conservation/management strategy (Project Tiger, Biosphere reserves).

11. EVOLUTION AND BEHAVIOUR

A. Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin–concepts of variation,

adaptation, struggle, fitness and natural selection; Mendelism; spontaneity of

mutations; the evolutionary synthesis.

B. Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules; abiotic

synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; concept of Oparin and Haldane;

experiment of Miller (1953); the first cell; evolution of prokaryotes; origin of eukaryotic

cells; evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis and

aerobic metabolism.

C. Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; eras, periods

and epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale; origins of unicellular and

multicellular organisms; major groups of plants and animals; stages in primate

evolution including Homo.

D. Molecular Evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and

molecular clocks; molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification; protein

and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins; gene duplication and

divergence.

E. The Mechanisms: Population genetics – populations, gene pool, gene frequency;

Hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural

selection, migration and random genetic drift; adaptive radiation and modifications;

isolating mechanisms; speciation; allopatricity and sympatricity; convergent evolution;

sexual selection; co-evolution.

F. Brain, Behavior and Evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behavior;

proximate and ultimate causation; altruism and evolution-group selection, kin selection,

reciprocal altruism; neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep and arousal;

biological clocks; development of behavior; social communication; social dominance; use

of space and territoriality; mating systems, parental investment and reproductive success;

parental care; aggressive behavior; habitat selection and optimality in foraging; migration,

orientation and navigation; domestication and behavioral changes.

12. APPLIED BIOLOGY:

A. Microbial fermentation and production of small and macromolecules.

B. Application of immunological principles (vaccines, diagnostics). tissue and

cell culture methods for plants and animals.

C. Transgenic animals and plants, molecular approaches to diagnosis and strain

identification.

D. Genomics and its application to health and agriculture, including gene

therapy.

E. Bioresource and uses of biodiversity.

F. Breeding in plants and animals, including marker – assisted selection.

G. Bioremediation and phytoremediation.

H. Biosensors.

13. METHODS INBIOLOGY

A. Molecular biology and recombinant DNA methods: Isolation and purification of

RNA, DNA (genomic and plasmid) and proteins, different separation methods; analysis

of RNA, DNA and proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis, isoelectric

focusing gels; molecular cloning of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic

systems; expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal and plant vectors;

isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences; generation of genomic and cDNA libraries

in plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors; in vitro mutagenesis and deletion

techniques, gene knock out in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms; protein sequencing

methods, detection of post-translation modification of proteins; DNA sequencing

methods, strategies for genome sequencing; methods for analysis of gene expression at

RNA and protein level, large scale expression analysis, such as micro array based

techniques; isolation, separation and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules;

RFLP, RAPD and AFLPtechniques

B. Histochemical and immunotechniques: Antibody generation, detection of molecules

using ELISA, RIA, western blot, immune precipitation, flow cytometry and

immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells, in situ

localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH.

C. Biophysical methods: Analysis of biomolecules using UV/visible, fluorescence,

circular dichroism, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, structure determination using X-ray

diffraction and NMR; analysis using light scattering, different types of mass

spectrometry and surface plasma resonance methods.

D. Statistical Methods: Measures of central tendency and dispersal; probability

distributions (Binomial, Poisson and normal); sampling distribution; difference

between parametric and non-parametric statistics; confidence interval; errors; levels of

significance; regression and correlation; t-test; analysis of variance; X2 test;; basic

introduction to Muetrovariate statistics, etc.

E. Radiolabeling techniques: Properties of different types of radioisotopes

normally used in biology, their detection and measurement; incorporation of

radioisotopes in biological tissues and cells, molecular imaging of radioactive

material, safety guidelines.

F. Microscopic techniques: Visulization of cells and subcellular components by light

microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells,

scanning and transmission microscopes, different fixation and staining techniques

for EM, freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM, image processing methods

inmicroscopy.

G. Electrophysiological methods: Single neuron recording, patch-clamp recording, ECG,

Brain activity recording, lesion and stimulation of brain, pharmacological testing, PET,

MRI, fMRI, CAT .

H. Methods in field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants,

ranging patterns through direct, indirect and remote observations, sampling methods in the

study of behavior, habitat characterization-ground and remote sensing methods.

I. Computational methods: Nucleic acid and protein sequence databases; data mining

methods for sequence analysis, web-based tools for sequence searches, motif analysis and

presentation.