saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba dedamiwis megobrebi ...25)2014.pdf · rogorc umniSvnelovanesi...

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gamowvevebi saqarTvelos energo-seqtorSi da mdgradi ganviTareba

saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba/ dedamiwis megobrebi-saqarTvelos da fridrix ebertis fondis organizebiT sastumro Seraton metexi palasSi gai-marTa saerTaSoriso konferencia Tema-ze: „gamowvevebi saqarTvelos energo-seqtorSi da mdgradi ganviTareba“

konferenciis mizani iyo saqarTve-los energo-seqtoris problemebis Se-faseba mdgradi ganviTarebis principe-bis gaTvaliswinebiT, qvey nis energo-balansSi ganaxlebadi energiebis wilis zrdisa da energoefeqturi teqnolo-giebis danergvis xelSewyobisaTvis gze-bis dasaxva. konferencia warmoadgenda Semajamebel RonisZiebas da mas win us-wrebda samuSao jgufebSi CarTuli eqs-pertebis ramodenimeTviani muSaoba, romlis Sedegadac momzadebuli iqna mimoxilvebi, daskvnebi da rekomenda-ciebi zemoaRniSnuli mimarTulebebiT.

konferenciis momxseneblebis mier warmodgenil daskvnebSi araerTxel gaesva xazi im faqts, rom saqarTvelos gaaCnia energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis (hidro, mze, qari, geoTermuli) didi potenciali da rom, maTi mxolod mcire nawilia aTvisebuli. amasTan, qveyanaSi energiis warmoebas didi da-nakargebi axlavs, romelsac emateba ki-dev ufro araenergoefeqturi moxmare-ba. es did zians ayenebs qvey nis ekono-mikas, radgan qveyanaSi moxmarebuli energiis daaxloebiT 60% importire-bulia.

aRiniSna, rom saqarTvelos sxvadasx-va saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT aRe-buli aqvs valdebuleba ganaviTaros energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebi da xeli Seuwyos energoefeqturi RonisZiebebi-sa da teqnologiebis danergvas. ami-tom aucilebelia saxelmwifos mxri-dan drouli da efeqturi qmediTi Ro-nisZiebebis gatareba.

konferenciaze warmodgenilma daskvnebma monawileebs Soris didi in-teresi gamoiwvia. konferenciis dasas-ruls monawileebs daurigdaT spe-cialurad konferenciisaTvis momzade-buli deklaraciis teqstis proeqti, romlis saboloo variantic, xelmo-werili saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo (sazogadoebrivi) organizaciebis, eqs-pertebisa da samecniero wreebis war-momadgenlebis mier, gadaegzavneba Sesabamis saxelmwifo struqturebs.

konferencias eswrebodnen evrokav-Siris delegaciis warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi, aseve, energetikis da ga-remosa da bunebrivi resursebis sami-nistroebis, qalaqis meriis, ara-samTavrobo organizaciebis, diploma-tiuri korpusisa da saerTaSoriso or-ganizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, saqarT-velos parlamentis garemosa da bune-brivi resursebis komitetis Tavmjdomare da komitetis wevri, eq-pertebi.

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konferencia organizebuli iyo ara-samTavrobo organizacia „saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba/dedamiwis megobre-bi-saqarTvelos“ mier, „evropeli qale-bi saerTo momavlisaTvis“ (WECF) TanamS-romlobiT da fridrix ebertis fon-dis finansuri mxardaWeriT.

saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraobis/dedamiwis megobrebi–saqarTvelos mier orga-nizebulma warmomadgenlobiTma saerTaSoriso konferenciam ganixila ra, sakiT-xi – „saqarTvelos energetikis sferos gamowvevebi da mdgradi ganviTareba“ – (Challenges in Energy Sector of Georgia and the Environment), Seafasa saqarTvelos energetikis sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareoba da misi modernizaciis SesaZleblobebi, agreTve sistemis modernizaciis mizniT aRebuli saxelisuflo kursi da mivida daskv-namde, rom sayovelTaod cnobil gamowvevebTan gamklaveba ara mxolod energo-sistemis, aramed mTlianad saqarTvelos saxelmwifosaTvis iqneba urTulesi da yvelaze metad sapasuxismgeblo periodi, radganac qveynis mdgradi energouzrun-velyofis sakiTxi uflebamosil pirTa mier ar aris adekvaturad gacnobierebuli.

ufro metic, konferencia Tvlis, rom aRebuli saxelisuflo kursi mravlad Seicavs saqarTveloSi bolo wlebSi damkvidrebuli kosmetikuri cvlilebebis elementebs, rac saeWvos xdis sasurveli Sedegebis miRwevis perspeqtivas da zr-dis negatiuri ukuSedegebis albaTobas. zemo aRniSniulidan gamomdinare kon-ferenciam miiRo deklaracia.

am deklaraciaze xelmomweri saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo (sazogadoebrivi) organizaciebi, eqspertebi da samecniero wreebis warmomadgenlebi, vgrZnobT ra pasuxismgeblobas da veyrdnobiT ra sakuTar gamocdilebasa da dazustebul in-formacias:

politikuri aspeqtebi:

gamovTqvamT SeSfoTebas im faqtis gamo, rom saqarTvelos energetikis dargis funqcionireba da ganviTareba xorcieldeba erTiani xedvis, politikis, kon-cefciis da Tanamedrove gamowvevebis Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis da mdgra-di ganviTarebis principebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe;

gamovTqvamT ukmayofilebasa da aRSfoTebas imis gamo, rom calkeuli strate-giuli da sakanonmdeblo aqtebis SemuSaveba, agreTve mniSvnelovani gadawyve-tilebebis miReba, xorcieldeba „gasaidumloebul“ viTarebaSi da am procesSi monawileoba ar aris garantirebuli.

gamovTqvamT ukmayofilebas imis gamo, rom erTis mxriv, evrokavSirs da evro-pis atomuri energiis gaerTianebas da maT wevr saxelmwifoebsa da meores mxriv, saqarTvelos Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis teqstic sajaro gaxda mxo-lod misi parafirebis Semdeg, roca ukve SeuZlebeli iyo dokumentSi raime cv-lilebis Setana;

saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo (sazogadoebrivi) organizaciebis,

eqspertebisa da samecniero wreebis warmomadgenlebis deklaracia

`saqarTvelos energetikis sferosa da mdgrad ganviTrebaze~



kategoriulad moviTxovT, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam dauyovnebliv SezRu-dis erTi iuridiuli pirisaTvis miniWebuli eleqtroenergiis generirebisa da distribuciis, agreTve sxva SeuTavsebeli uflebamosilebebi da es ganaxorcie-los sakanonmdeblo doneze;

ukmayofilebas gamovTqvamT saxelmwifo (sabiujeto) seqtoris mier da zoga-dad moxmarebuli energoresursebis aRricxvis, agreTve statistikuri infor-maciis xelmisawvdomobisa da gamWvirvaleobis saqmeSi arsebuli biurokratiuli barierebis gamo;

miuReblad vTvliT saxelisuflo struqturebis mxridan energoefeqturobis, rogorc umniSvnelovanesi energetikuli resursis, ignorirebis faqts;

ar veTanxmebiT samTavrobo argumentebs imis Taobaze, rom energoefeqturi RonisZiebebis gatarebisa da naklebad energotevadi teqnologiebis danergvis mizniT damavaldebulebeli sakanonmdeblo normebi zedmetad daamZimebs moqa-laqeebis socialur da qvey nis ekonomikur mdgomareobas;

migvaCnia, rom energiis racionaluri moxmareba da energoefeqturoba prio-ritetuli unda gaxdes, energiis generireba-moxmarebis yvela mimarTulebiTa da yvela etapze;

moviTxovT, rom umokles vadaSi miRebuli iqnas energoefeqturobasTan dakav-Sirebuli da saerTaSoriso Taname-gobrobis winaSe aRebuli valdebu-lebebis Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo baza yvela sferosaTvis (transpor-ti, Senobebi, teqnologiuri proce-sebi da sxva);

e nergoefeqturobasTan dakav-Sirebul axal sakanonmdeblo bazaSi intensiurad da efeqturad iqnes da-nergili administrirebis, ekonomi-kuri, finansuri da sxva meqanizmebi energoefeqturobis donis mudmivad mzardi dinamiuri procesis xelSe-sawyobad;

energetikis sferos marTva, energoefeqturoba:

vTanxmdebiT ra imaze , rom mdgradi energouzrunvelyofa qvey nis usafrT-xoebis erTerTi umTavresi komponentia, migvaCnia, rom saqarTvelos energosiste-ma moiTxovs fundamentur sistemur, m.S. radikalur institucionalur cvlile-bebs, romelTa mizani unda iyos marTvis sabWouri meTodologiis sruli demon-taJi da sakuTari, erovnuli energetikuli politikis Camoyalibeba, demokra-tiuli, sajaro da obieqturi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis garantiebis Seqmna.

viziarebeT ra, evrokavSirs da evropis atomuri energiis gaerTianebas da maT wevr saxelmwifoebsa da meores mxriv, saqarTvelos Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis energetikis da garemosdacviT sferoebTan dakavSirebul debulebebs, vTvliT rom umokles vadaSi unda dasruldes sakanonmdeblo vakuumis pirobebSi dargis „dreifis“ etapi da saqarTvelos energosistemis marTva (ganviTareba) unda ganxorcieldes qvey nis mdgradi ekonomikis ganviTarebasTan mWidro kavSirSi kargad gaTvlili grZelvadiani politikis, samoqmedo gegmisa da amave xelSekru-lebiT aqcentirebuli sakanonmdeblo normebis safuZvelze bunebriv garemoze zianis miuyeneblad.

moviTxovT, rom saqarTvelos energetikisa da wyalmomaragebis maregulirebe-li erovnuli komisia gaTavisufldes politikuri, monopoliuri da yovelgvari sxva zewolisagan.



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gamoTvqvamT SeSfoTebas zogierTi ganaxlebadi (mze, qari, geoTermuli da sxva) energiebis mimarT tradiciis ucvlelad gagrZelebis gamo da moviTxovT, rom 2015 wlidan saqarTvelos mTavrobam prioritetulad gamoacxados mzis, qa-ris, geoTermuli energiebis efeqturad moxmareba, SeimuSaos specialuri progra-ma da es programa yovelwliurad uzrunvelyos saTanado finansuri resursebiT.

ver vurigdebiT saqarTvelos tyis resursis gadaWarbebiT intensiurad moxma-rebis faqts da saqarTvelos mTavrobisagan moviTxovT:\

• dauyovnebliv gaataros iseTi mravalmxrivi reformebi, rom siRaribis, umuSe-vrobis, gaTbobis da sxva socialuri promlemebis umtkivneulod mogvarebis `gzebi ar gadiodes tyis masivebze~;

• daaCqaros da 2015 wels daasrulos saqarTvelos regionebSi soflebis gazi-fikaciis procesi;

• SemuSavdes ukve gaCexili da degradirebuli tyeebis aRdgenis saxelmwifo programa da gamoiricxos am procesis kampaniuroba.

aratradiciuli ganaxlebadi energiebis efeqturad moxmareba

bolo wlebSi sruliad ganadgurda an degradirda energetikis sferoSi momu-Save instituciebi, m.S. kadrebis aRzrdis mimarTulebiTac, ramac ganuzomeli negatiuri gavlena iqonia dargSi inovaciebisa da axali teqnologiebis war-moCineba-danergvis kuTxiT.

aRniSnulis gamo gamovTqvamT SeSfoTebas da migvaCnia, rom energetikis sferos samecniero potencialis amaRleba da kadrebis saTanadod momzadeba unda iyos dargis ganviTarebis politikis sakvanZo sakiTxi.

1. saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba/dedamiwis megobrebi-saqarTvelo;2. saqarTvelos energo-resursebis efeqturad gamoyenebis asociacia;3. soflad TemTa ganviTarebis saagento;4. eqspertTa kavSiri mdgradi energia da garemo;5. saqarTvelos ekolog-miwaTmoqmedTa asociacia (sema);6. sazogadoebrivi ganvi-

Tarebis axalcixis cen-tri;

7. garemos dacvisa da md-gradi ganviTarebis cen-tri;

8. garemosdacviTi kvlevebis saerTaSoriso centri;

9. imereTis regionis axal-gazrduli samecniero-sa-informacio asociacia „asa“;

10. saqarTvelos saerTaSori-so ganviTarebis saagento;

11. baadur CxaiZe stu profe-sori.

energetikis sferos samecniero da sakadro potenciali



gaerTianebuli erebis genaralurma assableam 2014-2020 wlebi gamocxada sa-erTaSoriso aTwleulad - mdgradi en-ergetika yvelasaTvis, riTac xazi gaus-va ekologiurad mdgradi enengodamzo-gi sferos mniSvnelobas, rogorc siRa-ribis daZlevis da saerTod ganviTare-bis donis amaRlebisaTvis. 2015 wlidan 2030 wlamde mdgradi energetikis Ziri-Tadi amocanaa energefeqturobis do-nis gaormageba. investireba energoefe-qturobaSi qmnis axal samuSao adgi-lebs, astimulirebs ekonomikur zrdas da qmnis qvey nis energousafrTxoebas, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT sakuTari ener-getikuli resursebi.

energoefeqturoba da energodazogva perspeqtivebi da problemebi

e nergoefeqturobis amaRleba kar-gadaa Seswavlili da misi danergva miR-wevadia da ganxorcieleba mTlinad gamarTlebulia. mTavrobebs aqvT am problemebis gadawyvetis saSualeba Tu isini gaatareben gonivrul, Tanamimde-vrul da gaazrebul ekonomikur, ener-getikul da ekologiur politikas.

deklarilebulia, rom saqarTvelo iswrafvis gaxdes evropul faseulo-bebze dafuZnebuli qveyana da moaxdi-nos evropasTan politikuri da ekono-mikuri integracia.

aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis damokidebuleba energoefeturobasa da

energodazogvis mimarT

e nergo-efeqturobisadmi saxelmwi-fos damokidebuleba ufro negatiu-ria, vidre pozitiuri. saxelemwifo stuqturebis moxeleebi cdiloben Ta-vidan aicilon energoefeqturobisa da energodazogvis xelSewyobisa da gan-xorcielebis valdebulebebi. zog Sem-TxvevaSi xdeba garkveuli RonisZiebebis gatareba Tumca xSirad isini atareben mxolod saCve nebel xasiaTs. aseTad SeiZleba ganvixiloT merebis SeTanxme-ba, romelzec saqaTveloSi ukve aris rva xelmomweri qalaqi-Tbilisi(2010), baTumi (2011), rusTavi (2011), quTaisi (2011), gori (2012), foTi (2012), zugdidi (2013) da Telavi (2014); maT Soris oTx qalaqs aqvs samoqmedo gegma (SEAP) - Tbilisi, baTumi, gori, rusTavi. unda aRiniSnos, miuxedavad imisa, rom samo-qmedo gegma arsebobs am qalaqebis xe-lmZRvaneli pirebi ar arian daintere-sebulebi, an ar floben Sesabamis kom-pe ntecias ganaxorcielon es samoqmedo gegmebi.

e nergodazogva warmoadgens qvey nis erT-erT mniSvnelovan rezervs. am re-zervis sarealizaciod saWiroa muSao-ba warimarTos ramdenime ZiriTadi mi-marTulebiT, esenia:

• arsebul SenobaTa SemomzRudi konstruqciebis Tboizolacia da mSenebare SenobebisaTvis norma-tivebis Seqmna;

• e nergomomxmarebeli sistemebis modernizacia;

• optimaluri siTbosa da ganaTe-bis wyaros SerCeva.

e nergoefeqturobisa da energoda-zogvisadmi saxelmwifos midgoma yo-velTvis TvalsaCinod aisaxeba arqiteq-turaSi. Cve ni qveyanac ar warmoadgens am mxriv gamonakliss da bolo wlebis arqiteqtura (romliTac xSirad iwo-nebdnen Tavs Cveni politikosebi) aris TvalsaCino magaliTi finansuri saxs-



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rebis uyairaTo xarjvisa da qvey nis imijs ayenebs seriozul dartymas. qve-moT moyvanilia ramodenime magaliTi.

Tanamedrove samSeneblo teqnolo-giebi iZleva saSualebas moxdes nebis-mieri iersaxis Senobis aSeneba, magram erT-erTi ZiriTadi moTxovna yvela sa-xis SenobisaTvis gansazRvrulia sani-tarul-higienur normebiT. Cvens qveya-naSi es moTxovnebi ar arsebobs. Sesaba-misad es Senobebi Tavisi klimaturi

pirobebiT emsgavseba qvemoT moyvanil saTburebs - maRali tenianobiT da ma-Rali temperaturiT. garda amisa Zviri jdeba zamTarSi siTbos, xolo zafxul-Si sigrilis SenarCuneba. Senobis Se-momzRudi Seminuli konstruqciebi Za-lian dabali Termuli winaRobiT xasi-aTdebian, radgan xSir SemTxvevaSi ami-saTvis gamoyenebulia Cveulebrivi mi-mapaketebi.

saqarTveloSi Catarebuli erTeuli energoauditis Sedegebi gvaZlevs war-modgenas Tu ra raodenobis energia SeiZleba daizogos saxelmwifo sao-fise SenobebSi es ricxvi moxmarebuli energiis 50%-60%-ia, Tumca aranairi RonisZieba am mimarTebiT ar ganxor-cielebula, saxelmwifo nebis ararse-bobis gamo. sainteresoa im gamWvirvele Senobebis energoauditis Catareba, romlebic intensiurad Sendeboda bolo xanebSi. aris meore problema - umravles SemTxvevaSi aseT SenobebSi ar arsebobs centraluri kondicireba, anu ar xdeba haercvla, rac Tavis mxriv iwvevs adamianTa Sromis nayofierebis mkveTr gauaresebas. aseve problemas warmoadgens munucipaluri da saxelm-wifo marTvis dawesebulebebSi zamTris periodis temperaturuli reJimi.

nani mefariSvili asocirebuli profesori



cnobilia, rom energiiT uzrun-velyofa warmoadgens sazogadoebis ar-sebobis da ganviTarebis erT-erT Ziri-Tad aucilebel pirobas. energiiT uz-runvelyofa ar niSnavs mxolod ele-qtroenergiT uzrunvelyofas. sazoga-doeba Tavis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze sxvadasxvagvarad ikmayofilebda Tavis moTxovnilebebs energiaze, dawy-ebuli SeSidan da cxovelebis fizikuri Zalidan damTavrebuli atomuri ener-giiT. mas Semdeg rac adamianma miagno wiaRiseul saTbobs (qvanaxSiri, navTobi da bunebrivi airi) da aiTvisa maTi ga-moyenebis teqnologiebi, mkveTrad gai-zarda teqnikis ganviTarebis tempebi, romelic Tavis mxriv iwvevs energiaze da Sesabamisad saTbobze moTxovnile-bis da misi mopovebis zrdas. energiis moxmarebam msoflioSi 2010 wels miaR-wia 13 mlrd t.n.e-s anu 150 000 mlrd kvtsT-s. eleqtroenergiis wili moxma-rebul energiaSi Seadgens 15%-s. ener-getikis aRniSnuli problemebis ga-daWris erT-erT ZiriTad gzas warmoad-gens energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis TandaTanobiTi da farTo masStabebiT aTviseba.

e nergiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis aT-visebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba calkeuli qvey nebis energousa-frTxoebisTvis. qvey nis energousafrT-xoebis donis ZiriTadi indikatorebia: arsebuli energoresursebis potenci-ali da misi gamoyenebis efeqturoba da done; importirebul energoresursebze damokidebulebis done da misi impor-tis safrTxeebi; saxelmwifo reguli-rebis struqtura da samecniero teqni-kuri potenciali. am mxriv saqarTvelo arc Tu saxarbielo mdgomareobaSi imy-ofeba.saqarTvelos organuli energo-resursebis Sida samrewvelo maragebis potenciali (garda qvanaxSirisa) sakma-od mwiria da mopovebuli produqciis moculoba ki umniSvnelo. uaxloes mo-

energetika da energousafrTxoeba

mavalSi maTi mopovebis zrda naklebad savaraudoa. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis energiiT uzrunvelyofaSi eleqtroe-nergiis wili Seadgens daaxloebiT 20%-s. 30%-is uzrunvelyofa xdeba im-portirebuli bunebrivi airiT, kidev 30%-is SeSiT, danarCeni ki isev impor-tirebuli sawvaviT da umniSvnelo ra-odenoba adgilobrivi qvanaxSiriT.

2013 wels saqarTveloSi importire-buli iqna 1,9 mlrd kub.m bunebrivi airi (300 mln lari) da daaxloebiT 740 aTasi tona satransporto sawvavi. am-rigad, saqarTvelos energouzrunvely-ofa mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli energoresursebis importze. es gare-moeba im gareSe safrTxeebis pirobebSi, romelic arsebobs regionSi mniSvne-lovnad amcirebs qvey nis energousa-frTxoebis dones. rac Seexeba SeSas (moixmareba daaxloebiT 5-6 mln kub.m), misi mopovebis done daaxloebiT 7-jer aRemateba arsebul potencials. SeSis aseTi tempebiT moxmarebis pirobebSi da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom SeSis wvis dros gamoiyofa didi raodenobiT jan-mrTelobisTvis mavne nivTierebebi (me-Tanoli, ZmarmJava, acetoni da sxva) sul mokle droSi saqarTveloSi mi-viRebT ekologiur katastrofas.

msoflioSi mopovebuli energore-sursebis daaxloebiT 40-50% ixarjeba sayofacxovrebo pirobebSi da sxva-dasxva eqnologiur procesebSi 50-150C temperaturis misaRwevad. es aris is sfero sadac pirvel rigSi SeiZleba en-ergiis ganaxlebadma wyaroebma Caanacv-los sxva tradiciuli wyaroebi. msoflio energetikaSi arsebuli pro-blemebis analizis Sedegad eqspertebi da mravali qvey nis mTavrobebi mividen im daskvnamde, rom energetikis mdgra-di ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia en-ergiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis farTo masStabebiT aTviseba.



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hidroenergetikuli potenciali. saqarTveloSi egw-s kategoriaSi gani-xileba mcire hesebi, romelTa simZla-vre ar aWarbebs 13 mgvt-s. mravali kv-levis Sedegad dadgenilia, rom mcire mdinareebis Teoriuli energetikuli potenciali Seadgens 40 mlrd kvtsT/weli, teqnikuri ki ≈ 20 mlrd kvtsT/weli. dRevandel pirobebSi, ekonomi-kuri da realurad miRwevadi potenci-ali ki specialistebis SefasebiT Sead-gens ≈ 5 mlrd kvtsT/weli. aqedan ga-momdinare, egw-s aTvisebis realuri gegmis SemuSavebis dros gaTvaliswine-buli unda iqnas es cifri. aqve gasaT-valiswinebelia is garemoeba, rom hi-droeleqtrosadgurebis maqsimaluri gamomuSaveba modis gazafxul-zafxul-ze, rodesac saqarTvelos eleqtroe-nergetikul sistemaSi isedac arsebobs Warbi energia.

msoflios bevrma qveyanam, rogorc ganviTarebulma ise ganviTarebadma Sei-muSava programebi da axorcielebs en-ergiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis Tanda-TanobiT Tvisebas.

qaris energiis potenciali. mrava-li wlis monacemebis Tanaxmad saqarT-velos teritoriaze qaris Teoriuli potenciali Seadgens 1300 mlrd kvtsT/weli. qaris teqnikuri da ekonomikuri energetikuli potencialis dadgenisT-vis Catarda kvlevebi (prof. g.svaniZis mier). gamovlenili iqna qaris energe-

energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis energetikuli potenciali

saqarTveloSi

tikis ganviTarebisTvis perspeqtiuli ubnebi. am kvlevebis Sedegad dadgeni-lia qaris energetikuli potenciali, romelic Seadgens daaxloebiT 5 mlrd kvtsT/weli.

biomasis energetikuli potenciali. biomasis terminSi igulisxmeba dedami-waze arsebuli mcenareuli safari da cocxali organizmebi. biomasas piro-biTad yofen pirvelad da meorad bio-masad. pirveladSi igulisxmeba mcenareebi, cxovelebi da mikroorga-nizmebi, xolo meoradSi pirveladi bi-omasis gadamuSavebis da moqmedebis Se-degad miRebuli narCenebi.

mcenareuli biomasis saxeebia: SeSa; satyeo-meurneobis eqsploataciis nar-Cenebi; xe-tyis industriis narCenebi; agromrewvelobis narCenebi; energeti-kuli plantaciebis mosavali.

cxoveluri biomasis saxeebia: mec-xoveleobis da mefrinveleobis narCene-bi; gamwmendi mowyobilobebis narCene-bi; qalaqebis da dasaxlebuli punqte-bis myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebi.

saqarTvelos biomasis da biomasis narCenebis energetikuli potencialis srulyofili Sefaseba ar Catarebula. erTerT perspeqtiul mimarTulebad iTvleba zedmetad tenian da naxevrad daWaobebul teritoriebze mravalw-liani kulturis silfias plantacie-bis gaSeneba. dasavleT saqarTveloSi naxevrad daWaobebuli teritoriebis



farTi Seadgens ramdenime aTeul aTass heqtars. silfias mosavali 1 heqtarze Seadgens daaxloebiT 20 tona mSral masas, romlis energetikuli potenci-ali Seadgens 68 000 kvtsT. specialiste-bis gaTvlebiT silfiadan miRebuli bi-odizelis fasi ar gadaaWarbebs 1 lars.

mzis energiis potenciali. mzis sa-Sualo wliuri radiaciis sidided saqarTveloSi miRebulia 1550 kvtsT/m2weli. aqedan gamomdinare, mzis ener-giis Teoriuli potenciali weliwadSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze Seadgens daaxloebiT 1014 kvtsT-s (100 000 mlrd kvtsT). Tbilisis teritoriaze yovel-wliurad mosuli mzis energia Seadgens 700 mlrd kvtsT-s, xolo quTaisis da rusTavis teritoriebze 108 da 93 mlrd

kvtsT-s Sesabamisad. bunebrivia, rom am potencialis (100 000 mlrd kvtsT) Za-lian mcire nawili SeiZleba gamoyene-buli iqnas Tburi Tu eleqtroenergiis misaRebad.

cnobilia, rom bolo 10 weliwadSi, TurqeTSi mzis energiis gamoyenebis donem miaRwia mTlianad gamoyenebuli energiis 0,4%-s da cxadia, rom es ar aris zRvari. Tu am cifrs gamoviyenebT saqarTvelosTvis miRwevadad, miviRebT rom uaxloes wlebSi mxolod cxelwy-almomaragebis sferoSi yovelwliurad daizogeba 13 aTasi t.n.e-is toli ener-gia (151,2 mln kvtsT anu 2,8 mln laris bunebrivi airi).

geoTermili energiis potenciali. saqarTvelos geoTermuli resursebsi temperatura ar aRemateba 1100C. saqarT-velos teritoriaze aRricxulia 250-mde bunebrivi da xelovnuri (WaburRi-li) wyaro, romelTa jamuri debiti Seadgens 60 mln kub.m-s weliwadSi. sx-vadasxva monacemebiT saqarTvelos ge-oTermuli resursebis teqnikuri po-tenciali Seadgens daaxloebiT 1,3 mlrd kvtsT-s. am potencialis 80% Ta-vmoyrilia dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

baadur CxaiZeprofesori

dargebis, sferoebisa da mimarTu-lebebis mixedviT genderuli Tanaswo-robis dacvis mdgomareobis Tvalsaz-risiT, gamonakliss ar warmoadgens ise-Ti dargebi, rogoricaa mosaxleobis energiiTa da usafrTxo sasmeli wyliT uzrunvelyofa.

nebismieri saxelmwifosaTvis, ener-gomatareblebi da sasmeli wyali is strategiuli resursebia, romelTa mi-wodeba gansazRvravs qveyanaSi mosax-leobis cxovrebis dones da TiToeuli moqalaqis keTildReobas.

energouzrunvelyofa da genderuli Tanasworoba

ufro metic, energoresursebi da wyali TavianT strategiul funqcias inarCuneben maTi moxmarebis mixedviT, Tumca arc erTsa da arc meore stra-tegiul resurss saqarTvelos kanonm-deblobaSi ara aqvs daTmobili saTana-do yuradReba.

energoresursebiTa da sufTa sasme-li wyliT mosaxleobis momaragebis md-gomareobis Sefasebas, sust sakanonmde-blo bazasTan erTad, arTulebs saTa-nado informaciisa da statistikuri parametrebis mopovebis saqmeSi arsebu-



11

li biurokratiuli da xelovnuri ba-rierebi, romlebic Seqmnilia rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve am dargebSi funq-cionirebad komerciul struqturebSi.

arsebuli situacia bevrad arTu-lebs sazogadoebis monawileobas ener-giisa da wylis resursebis marTvaSi, rac warmoSobs bevr gaugebrobasa da daZabulobas, problemebis arasrul-fasovnad warmoCinebasa da xels uwy-obs sazogadoebis winaSe mTavrobis an-gariSvaldebulebis daqveiTebas.

qveyanaSi ar arsebobs raime maregu-lirebeli aqti arc energoefeqturo-bis sferoSi da arc energiis dazogvisa da momWirneobiT xarjvis stimulire-bis mizniT.

msgavsi damokidebulebis gamo, msoflios mravali qvey nis fonze, saqarTveloSi arsebuli situacia ga-moiyureba arasaxarbielod:• saqarTvelo erT sul mosaxleze el-

energiis moxmarebis doniT, yofil sabWoTa kavSirs CamorCeba 2,3-jer, arabeTis naxevar kunZuls 2,8-jer, dasavleT evropas 3,68-jer, avstra-liasa da axal zelandias 5,7-jer.

• 6-jer vuswrebT Tanamedrove evro-pul normas 1 kv.m. farTis ener-gouzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT;

• Cve ns mier, sayofacxovrebo piro-bebSi moxmarebuli energiis struq-turuli suraTi radikalurad gansxvavdeba mTeli civiluri msoflios mier moxmarebuli ener-giis msgavsi struqturuli suraTi-sagan;

• da sxva.

samewarmeo procesSi da nebismieri sxva samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesru-lebisas energoresursebisa da wylis miwodebasa da moTxovnilebas Soris disbalansi TiTqmis Tanabrad uaryofi-Tad aisaxeba genderul WrilSi.

magram, sayofacxovrebo sferoSi, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis absoluturi umravlesobis cxovrebis wesidan ga-momdinare, aseTi disbalansi mizezi xdeba genderul WrilSi kidev ufro meti disbalansisa, rac pirdapir ais-axeba qalTa uflebebis uxeS darRveva-sa da maTi Sromis pirobebis gauarese-baze.

garemo da sayofacxovrebo pirobe-bisadmi qalis uflebebis dacvis aseTi mgrZnobiare damokidebuleba gamomdi-nareobs im realobidan, rom saqarTve-los mosaxleobis absoluturi umrav-lesobis (religiis, eTnosis, socialu-ri fenis miuxedavad) cxovrebis wesis mixedviT ZiriTadad qals akisria sa-yofacxovrebo saqmianobis (sanitaria, higiena, kveba da sxva) warmarTva (Ses-ruleba, realizeba) da xSir SemTxvevaSi saojaxo meurneobis warmarTvac ki.

arsebuli realobidan da qvey nis ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdi-nare, soflis saSualo ojaxi Tavs uf-lebas aZlevs TveSi moixmaros saSu-alod 150-200 kvt*sT, anu dReSi saSu-alod 5-6 kvt*sT eleqtroenergia.

SedarebisaTvis, 5 kvt*sT eleqtroe-nergia, saukeTeso eleqtrogamaTbob-lis SemTxvaveaSic ki sakmarisi iqnebo-da mxolod 70 litri wylis gasacxe-leblad 70–75 gradusamde.



naTelia, rom moxmarebuli mTeli energiis wylis gasacxeleblad koncen-trirebis SemTxvevaSic ki, aseTi rao-denobis cxeli wyali sakmarisic ar aris 4 suliani ojaxis cxel wyalze moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad.

„gamosavalis“ saxiT – soflad mc-xovrebi ojaxebis umravlesoba ele-qtroenergias saerTod ar moixmars wy-lis gasacxeleblad.

soflis ojaxSi eleqtroenergia moixmareba eleqtromowyobilobebis (isic SezRuduli raodenobiT) gamoye-nebis mizniT (radio, televizori, kom-piuteri da sxva) da aseve SezRudulad, ganaTebisaTvis.

anu, saqarTvelos soflebSi ele-qtroenergiis moxmareba mkacrad Sez-Rudulia da moixmareba mxolod kon-kretuli daniSnulebiT da au-cileblobis SemTxvevebSi. xSirad soflad mcxovrebi qalbatonebi Tbi-li wylis misaRebad iyeneben SeSas rac kidev ufro amZimebs maT Sromas da arTmevs did dros.

eleqtroenergiis paralelurad, saqarTvelos soflebSi moixmareba bunebrivi gazi, Txevadi gazi, SeSa da sxva biosawvavi, Zalian iSviaTad naxSi-ri da navTobproduqti.

bolo wlebis saxelmwifos prero-gativas warmoadgenda saqarTvelos yve-la dasaxlebul punqtamde bunebrivi gazis miyvanas, magram es gegma ar gan-xorcielebula, gazificirebulia mxolod garkveuli nawili.

bolo wlebSi aseve mravali eqspe-rimenti ganxorcielda mosaxleobaze sawvavi SeSis Tanabrad da samarTlia-nad gadanawilebis mizniT, magram ar-cerTma am mcdelobam ar moitana sa-surveli Sedegi da SeSaze moTxovnile-bis saTanado resursis ar arsebobis gamo, udidesi ekologiuri ziani adge-ba saqarTvelos isedac degradirebul tyeebs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos energobalansSi SeSis wili 65%–ze me-tia da es resursi ZiriTadad xmardeba soflis mosaxleobas, mainc ver xerx-deba soflis mcxovrebTa energobalan-

sis Sevseba. rac uaryofiTad aisaxeba socialur mdgomareobaze da damate-biT sazrunavs uqmnis rogorc mamakacs, aseve qals.

mamakaci, rogorc wesi, zrunavs en-ergobalansis Sesavsebad misTvis xel-misawvdomi energomatareblebis xarj-ze, rac moiTxovs damatebiT saojaxo finansebs da TviT mamakacisagan dama-tebiT fizikur Sromas.

qali ki, sakuTari energiis xarjze abalansebs da kompensacias ukeTebs en-ergobalansis deficitis pirobebSi warmoSobil Tu gaRrmavebul iseT pro-blemebs, rogoricaa:

• uaresdeba ojaxis wevrTa janmr-Telobis mdgomareoba da Sesaba-misad izrdeba diasaxlisis mzrun-velobis sfero;

• SeuZlebeli xdeba ojaxSi sanitari-uli da higienuri mdgomareobis mowesrigeba;

• rTuldeba sakvebis momzadeba;• rTuldeba recxvis, dalagebisa da

dasufTavebis procedurebi;• zogadad yofa mimdinareobs arak-

omfortul garemoSi, rac TavisTa-vad xdeba mizezi mravali negatiu-ri emociisa;

• da sxva.

asaxuli mdgomareobis Sesabamisi socialuri da genderuli fonis mi-uxedavad, stimulirebuli da xelSewy-obili ar aris individualur doneze mainc alternatiuli ganaxlebadi wya-roebidan energiis generireba, Tun-dac mxolod cxeli wylis miRebis miz-niT mzis energiis gamoyeneba da saxe-lisuflo da samTavrobo struqturebi pasuzs ar cemen kiTxvas, Tu ratom ar gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos klimatidan gamomdinare mzis energiis udidesi po-tenciali. saqarTveloSi mziani dReebis raodenoba meryeobs 250-dan 280-mde, mzis wliuri jamuri energia regione-bis mixedviT 1 kv.m. farTobze meryeobs 1250-1800 kvt.sT diapazonSi, xolo sa-Sualo energia, igive 1 kv.m. farTobze utoldeba 4,2 kvt.sT dReSi.



13

1979 wels klimatis cvilebisadmi miZRvnil pirvel msoflio konferen-ciaze aRiares, rom klimatis cvlile-ba warmoadgens safrTxes kacobrio-bisTvis da saWiroa efeqturi Ronis-Ziebebis gatareba, mosalodneli sa-frTxeebis Tavidan acileblad.

globaluri daTboba es aris atmos-feroSi „saTburis gazebis“ emisiebis (gafrqvevis) da Sesabamisad „saTburis gazebis“ koncentraciebis zrda.

globaluri daTbobis ZiriTad mi-zezs warmoadgens, dedamiwaze haeris miwispira temperaturis Tanmimdevru-li zrda, romelic ukavSirdeba adami-anis sameurneo saqmianobas, romelic gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda me-20 sauku-nis meore naxevridan. ZiriTadad ki es problema ukavSirdeba energetikis sfe-ros (daax. 65%) da zogadad adamianis mzard moTxovnilebas energiaze. am-denad, klimatis cvlilebis Serbile-bis procesSi udidesi roli akisria energiebis swor da racionalur gamo-yenebas.

globaluri daTbobis SesaCereblad saWiroa ganxorcieldes saTburis gaze-bis Semcirebisa (Serbileba) da adap-taciis (Segueba) zomebi.

klimatis cvlilebis procesebis Serbilebisa da adaptaciis mimarTule-biT swori politikis gatarebisaTvis aucilebelia Sesabamisi erovnuli mo-qmedebaTa gegmebis SemuSaveba, romelic Seesabameba qvey nis SesaZleblobebsa da iTvaliswinebs adgilobriv Tavisebure-bebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT klimatis cvlilebis iniciativis farglebSi Se-muSavebuli iqna specialuri meqanizmi e.w. NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Ac-tions) qvey nebisaTvis mizanSewonili kli-matis Semarbilebeli qmedebebi-emSq, romelic miznad isaxavs ganviTarebadi qvey nebis daxmarebas ganaviTaron kli-matis cvlilebis Semarbilebeli sxva-dasxva masStaburi da maRalefeqturi proeqtebi, romelTa Sedegebic iqneba

erovnulad misaRebi Serbilebis qmedebebi--emSq (NAMA)

gazomvadi, angariSgebadi da damowme-buli.

emSq-s (NAMA) Seqmnis mTavari miza-nia, daxmareba aRmouCinos iseT ganvi-Tarebad qvey nebs, romlebiT gamoirCe-vian gansakuTrebuli aqtivobiT klima-tis cvlilebis Serbilebis sakiTxebSi da cdiloben mokle vadaSi ganaxorcie-lon masStaburi da maRalefeqturi iniciativebi.

emSq (NAMA-s) instrumentis Seqmnis iniciativa ekuTvnis germaniis feder-aluri respublikis garemos dacvis, bunebis SenarCunebisa da birTvuli usafrTxoebis saministros (BMU) da britaneTis gaerTianebuli samefos en-ergiisa da klimatis cvlilebis de-partaments. SeTanxmeba aRniSnul sa-kiTxze, Sedga 2012 wlis 6 dekembers, gaeros klimatis CarCo konvenciis mxa-reTa Sexvedris konferenciaze dohaSi - yataris samefoSi. am qvey nebma emSq (NAMA)-s fondSi imTaviTve ganaTavses 55 milioni funti sterlingis odeno-bis Tanxa (daax. 70,000,000.00 evro).

kopenhagensa da kankunSi, gaeros klimatis cvlilebis CarCo konvenciis mxareTa konferenciebis dros, kon-ve nciis mxareebi SeTanxmdnen, rom gan-viTarebulma qvey nebma 2013 wlidan 2020 wlamde erToblivad yovelwliurad, moaxdinon 100 miliardi aSS dolaris mobilizeba da Tanxebi mimarTon ganvi-Tarebadi qvey nebis saWiroebebisake n. finansebis akumulireba moxdeba sxva-dasxva wyaroebidan.

erovnulad misaRebi Serbilebis qmedebebi saSualebas iZleva ganviTar-des kompleqsuri midgomis proeqtebi da igi uzrunvelyofs, rogorc teqni-kuri daxmarebis gawevas, aseve SesaZ-leblobebis gasaZlierebeli saqmiano-bebis dafinansebas (sagranto proeqte-bis saxiT). dafinansebis moculoba ga-nisazRvreba individualurad qvey nis saWiroebisamebr.

14 www.ecovision.ge www.cleanup.ge www.greens.ge


rogorc emSq-s (NAMA) iniciatore-bi, germaniis federaluri respublikis garemos dacvis, bunebis SenarCunebisa da birTvuli usafrTxoebis saministro (BMU) da aseve britaneTis gaerTiane-buli samefos energiisa da klimatis cvlilebis departamenti warmoadgenen ZiriTad gadawyvetilebis mimReb sabWo-ebs -- specialurad Seqmnili organos - teqnikuri daxmarebis jgufis (TSU) meSveobiT an maTze daqvemdebarebuli saagentoebis daxmarebiT, isini ganixi-laven saproeqto winadadebebs da ga-moitanen gadwyvetilebas.

marTvis struqtura

proeqtebis SerCeva

e mSq-s (NAMA) fondi daafinansebs yvelaze ambiciur da kompleqsuri midgomis mqone proeqtebs. amisaTvis, SerCevis procedura aris sakmaod gam-Wvirvale da demokratiul principeb-ze damy arebuli. aucilebelia, rom NAMA- s saproeqto winadadeba mowone-buli da SeTanxmebuli iqne s mTavroba-sTan da masSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas konkretuli qvey nis realuri saWiroe-bebi raTa miRweuli iqnas maqsimaluri efeqti.

a/w 28 noembers, sastumro `redi-sonSi“ gaimarTa proeqti `davasufTaoT saqarTvelos“ farglebSi Catarebul konkursSi `sufTa regioni“ gamarjve-bulTa dajildoeba.

regionebSi rva Tvis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli dasufTavebis aqciebis Se-degebis SejamebiT gamovlinda 2014 wlis gamarjvebulebi Semdeg nomina-ciebSi:• `sufTa regioni“ gaarjvebuli – sa-

megrelo-zemo svaneTis regioni;• `sufTa municipaliteti“ gamarjve-

buli – axmetis municipaliteti;• `sufTa sofeli“ gamarjvebuli sof.

WiTawyari (zugdidi municipalite-ti);

konkursi sufTa regioni

gamarjvebulebs specialuri sigele-bi da simboluri saCuqrebi gadasces SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos xelmZR-vanelma eva smedbergma da garemos dac-visa da bunebrivi resursebis mini-strma batonma elguja xokriSvilma.

konkursi `sufTa regioni~ Caatara, Sedegebi Seajama da dajildoebis Ro-nisZiebas organizeba gaukeTa proeqtis – `davasufTaoT saqarTvelo“ ganmaxor-cielebelma arasamTavrobo organiza-ciaTa konsorciumma (`saqarTvelos mw-vaneTa moZraoba/dedamiwis megobrebi-saqarTvelo, mdgradi ganviTarebis kav-Siri `ekoxedva/ecovision~ da saqarTvelos bunebis mkvlevarTa kavSiri „orqisi“). proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis mTavro-bis finansuri mxardaWeriT.

www.ecovision.ge www.cleanup.ge www.greens.ge


15

mimdinare wlis 9 dekembers, saqarT-velos mwvaneTa moZraobas daarsebidan 25 weli Seusrulda. am dResTan dakav-SirebiT mwvaneTa moZraobis wevreba ga-marTes saiubileo Sexvedra mweralTa saxlSi.

saiubileo Sexvedra wamodgenda erTgvar Semajamebel RonisZiebas, sa-dac prezentaciebis saxiT warmodgeni-li iyo saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZrao-bis mier, 25 wlis manZilze ganxor-

saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba 25 wlis gaxda!

cielebuli garemosdacviTi saqmiano-bebi. moewyo foto gamofena. Sexveras eswrebodnen is adamianebi romlebsac sxvadasxa wlebSi Sexeba qonda mwvaneTa moZraobasTan da iyvnen organizaciis wevrebi. RonisZiebaze stumrebma ixiles istoriuli kadrebi imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor iwyebda saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraobis istoria 1989 wels. naCve ne-bi iyo organizaciis pirveli yriloba da sxvadasxva aqtivobebi.

organizacias daarsebidan 25 wlis iubile miuloces garemosa da bune-brivi resursebis dacvis ministrma b-ma elguja xokriSvilma, garemos dac-visa da bunebrivi resursebis komite-tis Tavmjdomarem b-ma giorgi caga-reiSvilma, sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizaciis wevrebma.

Sexvedraze gaformda urTierTT-namSromlobis memorandiumi saqarTve-los mwvaneTa moZraobasa da zurab Jva-nias fonds Soris.

Sexvedris bolos gaiWra saiubileo torti.

saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba/dedamiwis megobrebi - saqarTvelo

saqarTvelo, Tbilisi, gr. muxaZis q. #16, 0162tel/faqsi: (+995 32) 2306221; el-fosta: [email protected]

Web-gverdi: www.greens.ge www.cleanup.ge

publikaciis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba, masSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ar unda iqnes miCneuli

donorTa mosazrebebad

redaqtori: lela yaWeiSvili gamocemaze muSaobdnen: lela yaWeiSvili, rusudan simoniZe, avTandil gelaZedizaini: irakli guledani

publikacia momzadda da gamoica proeqtis „qalTa rolis gaZliereba yvelasaTvis“ farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba niderlandebis

mTavrobis finansuri mxardaWeriT - „evropeli qalebi saerTo momav-lisaTvis WECF-is TanamSromlobiT. proeqts axorcielebs arasamTavro-bo organizaciaTa koalicia saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba/dedamiwis megobrebi-saqarTvelo, soflad TemTa ganviTarebis saagento, saqarTve-los ekologiur miwaTmoqmedTa asociacia „sema“, axalcixis ganviTare-

bis centri da qalTa organizacia „farosi“

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