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Table of content1 Sales and Distribution (SD)1.1 Basic Functions and Master Data in SD Processing (SD-BF)1.2 Pricing and Conditions (SD-BF-PR)1.3 Availability Check and Requirements in Sales and Distribution Pr1.4 Credit and Risk Management (SD-BF-CM)1.5 Output Determination (SD-BF-OC)1.6 Sales (SD-SLS)1.7 Scheduling Agreements for Component Suppliers (SD-SLS-OA)1.8 Customer Service Processing (SD-SLS-OA)1.9 Foreign Trade / Customs (SD-FT)1.10 Billing (SD-BIL)1.11 Payment Card Processing (SD-BIL-IV)1.12 Sales Support: Computer-Aided Selling (CAS)1.13 Electronic Data Interchange / IDoc Interface (SD-EDI)1.14 Shipping (LE-SHP)1.15 Transportation (LE-TRA)1.16 Reports and Analyses (SD-IS-REP) 1 Sales and Distribution (SD)


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1 Sales and Distribution (SD)

1.1 Basic Functions and Master Data in SD Processing (SD-BF) 1.2 Pricing and Conditions (SD-BF-PR) 1.3 Availability Check and Requirements in Sales and DistributionProcessing

Availability Check in Sales and Distribution Processing

Requirements in Sales and Distribution Processing

Availability Check in Shipping

Availability Check against Product Allocation

Available-to-Promise on the Internet

1.4 Credit and Risk Management (SD-BF-CM)

Credit managementPurpose

Outstanding or uncollectible receivables can spoil the success of the company greatly. Credit Management enables you to minimize the credit risk yourself byspecifying a specific credit limit for your customers. Thus you can take the financial pulse of a customer or group of customers, identify early warning signs, andenhance your credit-related decision-making. This is particularly useful if your customers are in financially unstable industries or companies, or if you conductbusiness with countries that are politically unstable or that employ a restrictive exchange rate policy.

Integration

If you are using the Accounts Receivable (FI-AR) component to manage your accounting and an external system for sales processing, Credit Managementenables you to issue a credit limit for each customer. Every time you post an invoice (created in FI-AR), the system then checks whether the invoice amountexceeds the credit limit. Information functions such as the sales summary or early warning list help you to monitor the customers credit situation.

If you are using both the Accounts Receivable (FI-AR) component to manage your accounting and the Sales and Distribution (SD) component for salesprocessing, you can also use Credit Management to issue credit limits for your customers. You can make settings in Customizing to decide the scope of thecheck and at what stage in the process (for example, order entry, delivery or goods issue) a credit limit should take place. General information functions are alsoavailable for use with credit checks.

Features

If you are using both the SD and FI-AR components, Credit Management includes the following features:

Depending on your credit management needs, you can specify your own automatic credit checks based on a variety of criteria. You can also specify atwhich critical points in the sales and distribution cycle (for example, order entry, delivery, goods issue) the system carries out these checks.During order processing, the credit representative automatically receives information about a customers critical credit situation.Critical credit situations can also be automatically communicated to credit management personnel through internal electronic mail.Your credit representatives are in a position to review the credit situation of a customer quickly and accurately and, according to your credit policy, decidewhether or not to extend credit.You can also work with Credit Management in distributed systems; for example if you were using centralized Financial Accounting and decentralized SD onseveral sales computers.

You can find information about where to make Customizing settings for Credit and Risk Management inSettings for Credit and Risk Management

Risk Management for ReceivablesSeeRisk Management for Receivables in SD for information about managing risks for receivables.

1.5 Output Determination (SD-BF-OC)

PurposeThe Output Determination component offers output functions for sales, shipping, transportation, and billing to help you manage sales transactions with yourcustomers and within your company. You can create sales activity output (for example, customer telephone calls, mailing campaigns) and group output (forexample, freight lists). Your company employees can send and receive output. Output is directly linked to the corresponding sales transaction (for example, the


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system automatically sends an order confirmation via Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) as soon as the employee creates an order).

IntegrationThe output determination component is used for output control. Output control is used to exchange information with internal and external partners.

Output control includes the following functions, described in the cross-application (CA) - Output Control documentation:

Output Determination

Output Processing

FeaturesThe system can automatically propose output for a sales and distribution document. You can change this output in the sales and distribution document.

The system uses the condition technique to determine output. For more information on the condition technique, see

Conditions and Pricing.See also:

For further information on output, refer to the following documentation:

Application Documentation

Basis-Services SAP Internet Mail GatewaySAP Communication: Configuration (BC-SRV)

Cross-Application Components CA Output ControlBC - SAP Business WorkflowSD Sales and Distribution: Workflow-Scenarios

For information on Customizing settings and examples, refer to

Output Control Customizing in Sales and Distribution (SD) in the CA - Output Control documentation.

1.6 Sales (SD-SLS)

PurposeSales allows you to execute different business transactions based on sales documents defined in the system.

Four groups of sales documents are differentiated:

Customer inquiries and quotationsSales ordersOutline agreements, such as contracts and scheduling agreementsComplaints, such as free of charge deliveries, credit and debit memo requests and returns

FeaturesDelivieries and billing documents can be created and processed from the sales document. Some sales documents, such as cash sales and rush orders,automatically trigger the creation of subsequent deliveries and billing documents.

1.7 Scheduling Agreements for Component Suppliers (SD-SLS-OA)

PurposeIn the last decade, component suppliers have had to follow the example of the manufacturers they supply: to survive the changing market, they have had toreduce costs, increase quality, and increase speed of delivery.

The push to improve business processes has brought about many innovations in the industry, such as just-in-time processing. SAP has taken these innovationsinto account to provide component suppliers with the functions they need to better manage their business.

IntegrationElectronic Data Interchange (EDI) plays an important role in scheduling agreement processing.

There are two important differences between standard scheduling agreements and scheduling agreements for component suppliers. Scheduling agreements withdelivery schedules:


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Contain schedule lines in the delivery schedule, not in the actual scheduling agreement itemCan be influenced by the customer who requests the release of a specific quantity of materials on a specific day

In standard scheduling agreements, quantities and dates are fixed. Quantites and dates in scheduling agreements with delivery schedules are constantlychanged and updated.

FeaturesWe have added the following to standard scheduling agreements in order to accommodate the component supplier's special requirements:

Control functionsThere are many settings for scheduling agreements, giving the component supplier the flexibility needed to create and control documents to meet acompany's specific needs.

A variety of sales functions for:

Engineering changesPacking proposalsOpen quantitiesReturns

A variety of functions in delivery schedules for:

Intermediate documents (IDocs)Checks on incoming delivery schedulesRequirements planning and deliveryTolerance levelsAnalysisYear changesCumulative quantities

Special shipping, billing, and external agent functionsPlanning delivery schedule processing

The planning delivery schedule, a new type of internal schedule, has been designed to help the component supplier realistically plan requirements.Delivery order processing

The delivery order is based on the pick-up sheet used in the Material Information System (MAIS).

ConstraintsScheduling agreements with delivery schedules are not supported in assembly processing or third-party order processing.

Also, copying control for sales documents does not support copying data from a preceding document into scheduling agreements with delivery schedules. Youcan, however, copy data into other documents from scheduling agreements with delivery schedules using the Create with reference to function.

1.8 Customer Service Processing (SD-SLS-OA)

PurposeCustomer Service enables you to plan and manage a wide range of service scenarios. It includes functions for processing:

Service notificationsWarrantiesService ordersService contractsService quotationsRepair orders

Customer Service (CS) draws on functionality from different SAP application components, in particular Plant Maintenance (PM) and Sales and Distribution (SD).For example, CS involves the planning and processing of external services, such as contracts for the maintenance and repair of equipment that a customer haseither bought or rented. Maintenance planning and servicing is managed in PM; in SD you can create and maintain the relevant service contracts. Contract-relatedcharges that are incurred in PM are passed on in the form of requests for billing in SD.

InReturns and Repairs Processing, you will find a diagram showing the typical events in the day-to-day world of customer service. It also illustrates the interplaywithin Customer Service of SD and PM functions.In the following sections, you will find information on the Customer Service functions in Sales and Distribution.

For information on the Customer Service functions in Plant Maintenance see

Customer Service (CS) under Logistics CS Customer Service.

1.9 Foreign Trade / Customs (SD-FT)


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PurposeAs markets become increasingly more global and business structures more complex, the need for accuracy in handling the foreign trade needs of a business isgaining rapidly in importance. SAPs R/3 Foreign Trade / Customs application (FT) provides the tools you need to compete effectively in todays fast-pacedmarket. It is designed to help you meet the rapidly changing foreign trade requirements of your business.

SAPs R/3 Foreign Trade application enables you to:

Manage import and export processes, integrating them efficiently into the supply chainAutomatically identify licensing requirements for importing and exporting goods based on current regulationsSimplify reporting with automatic procedures for creating, printing and submitting declarationsDetermine which of your products qualify for preference handlingProvide an active interface for sending or retrieving data via internationally available EDI systems and other electronic mediaUpdate or change data in all relevant foreign trade documents at any time prior to the final goods issue. Even after you have posted the goods issue, you canstill change data in the invoice.

IntegrationThe Foreign Trade/Customs (FT) application component is integrated with Materials Management for handling imports and with Sales and Distribution forexports. In the area of documentary payments, it is also integrated closely with the Financial Accounting application.

The following graphic illustrates where FT data is integrated into the R/3 environment:

FeaturesWhat can SAP's Foreign Trade / Customs system do?

The capabilities of the SAP Foreign Trade application are illustrated and described in each of the following component descriptions:

Basic FunctionsCommunication/Printing


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Legal ControlPeriodic DeclarationsPreferenceDocumentary PaymentsImport Processing

See also

Benefits of Using SAP Foreign Trade/Customs

The Situation Within Your Own Country

1.10 Billing (SD-BIL)

1.11 Payment Card Processing (SD-BIL-IV)

PurposePayment cards frequently replace cash as a means of payment, becoming indispensable to customers and valuable tools for businesses. The importance ofpayment cards requires their integration into modern business processes.

Payment card processing in the R/3 System offers you a wide range of functions in Sales and Distribution, Retail point of sale, Financial Accounting, and Internetcommerce. It contains the basic tools you need to handle payment cards in a variety of business environments.

IntegrationSales and Distribution (SD)

Install the SD component to process payment card data in master records, sales orders, and billing documents. With this component, you can:

Integrate payment card activities into the sales, delivery, and billing processesExchange information with clearing houses for authorizationManage complicated sales scenarios involving payment cardsHandle procurement cards

Payment cards play an important role in Risk Management. As of Release 4.0, you can use payment cards to secure payment guarantee for yourreceivables.

To configure payment card functions, choose Billing Payment cards in Customizing for Sales and Distribution.

Financial Accounting (FI)

Install the FI component to carry out settlement and payment functions to complete your activities in Sales and Distribution, and process payment card data inaccounting documents. With this component, you can:

Set up an open item-managed, general ledger account for each clearing houseRecord processing fees charged by the clearing house for its servicesManage information sent back by clearing houses to accept or reject card transactionsCarry out bill-back processing when a customer disputes a transaction

Retail

Install the Retail component to process payment card transactions from point of sales (POS) systems. With this component, you can:

Carry out authorization from external systemsImport data into the R/3 System from external systemsProcess POS data in billing and accounting documents

Internet Application Component (IAC)

Install the IAC component to do business on the Internet. With this component, you can:

Automate order entryHandle electronic payment

Human Resources (HR)

Install the HR component to process walking cards. This is not a new function, however. Walking card processing has been a part of the standard systemin Travel Expenses since Release 3.0D.

ConstraintsAlthough banks and purchasers are included in the payment card concept, this first phase of payment card processing has been designed specifically formerchants.

1.12 Sales Support: Computer-Aided Selling (CAS)

PurposeThe Sales Support component provides a wide range of functions for opportunity management. It helps your sales and marketing department to support yourexisting customers and, at the same time, to develop new business. Within the Sales Support environment, all sales personnel in the field and in the office canshare valuable information about customers, sales prospects, competitors and their products, and contact people.


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The Sales Support component is:

a source of information for all areas of Sales and Distributiona tool for lead generation, lead qualification, and lead tracking

Figure 1

FeaturesIn the Sales Support environment, you can create direct mailings to develop new business as well as to consolidate the existing customer base. Using salesinformation you already have stored in the system, you can create address lists of customers and sales prospects you wish to target with a direct mailingcampaign. Background information on customers, sales prospects, and competitors, as well as on products and sales materials, is stored as master data. Morespecific information, such as previous contact with a customer, is stored in documents known as sales activities.

1.13 Electronic Data Interchange / IDoc Interface (SD-EDI)

PurposeThe Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) component in Sales and Distribution consists of an Intermediate Document (IDoc) interface. You can use this interface to

send messages (outbound processing) such as an order confirmation through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)receive messages (inbound processing) such as a sales order through EDI

IntegrationMany large companies (such as automotive suppliers) require their vendors to use EDI.

For information on EDI in the components supplying industry, refer to

Intermediate Documents for Scheduling Agreements.In Sales and Distribution, output determination is initiated during outbound processing.

For information on output determination in Sales and Distribution, see

Output Determination (SD).For information on output (or message) control in general, see

CA - Message Control in Cross-Application Components .

FeaturesDuring outbound processing in Sales and Distribution, the system determines output using the output determination component. The system converts the data intoan IDoc and issues it using the IDoc interface.

During inbound processing, the sender converts the data into IDocs and passes it on to the IDoc interface. These IDocs are stored in the SAP System. In asecond step, the system creates the document data.

SAP does not provide EDI converters.

For more information on the IDoc interface in general, see

IDoc-Interface / Electronic Data Interchange in the cross-application documentation The IDoc Interface (BC-SRV-EDI) .

1.14 Shipping (LE-SHP)


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Implementation OptionsShipping is an important part of the logistics chain in which guaranteed customer service and distribution planning support play major roles.

In shipping processing, all delivery procedure decisions can be made at the start of the process by

Taking into account general business agreements with your customerRecording special material requestsDefining shipping conditions in the sales order

The result is an efficient and largely automatic shipping process in which manual changes are only necessary under certain circumstances.

IntegrationThe Shipping component is integrated under the Logistics Execution component. Shipping is a subsequent activity of the Sales component.

Range of FunctionsThe shipping module supports the following functions, which include but are not limited to:

Deadline monitoring for reference documents due for shipment (sales orders and purchase orders, for instance)Creating and processing outbound deliveriesPlanning and monitoring of worklists for shipping activitiesMonitoring material availability and processing outstanding ordersMonitoring the warehouse's capacity situationPicking (with optional link to the Warehouse Management system)Packing deliveriesInformation support for transportation planningSupport of foreign trade requirementsPrinting and transmitting shipping documentsProcessing goods issueControlling using overviews of

Deliveries currently in processActivities that still are to be carried outPossible bottlenecks

A list of deliveries posted as goods issue in the shipping department could be used to form a worklist for the billing department.

1.15 Transportation (LE-TRA)

PurposeTransportation is an essential element in the logistics chain. It affects both incoming and outgoing goods. Effective transportation planning and processing ensurethat shipments are dispatched without delay and arrive on schedule. Transportation costs play an essential role in the calculation of the price of a product. It isimportant to keep these transportation costs to a minimum so that the price of a product remains competitive. Efficient transportation planning and processinghelps to keep these costs down.

IntegrationAs illustrated in the following graphic, you can use the SAP transportation functions to plan and process:

Incoming shipments in Materials Management based on purchase orders and shipping notifications

Outbound shipments in Sales and Distribution based on sales orders and deliveries

The graphic below illustrates this process:


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Transportation planning and processing is based on the shipment document. This document facilitates the flow of information from the shipper to the customer andto any service agents who are involved in the business transaction.

FeaturesThe transportation component includes basic transportation processing functions:

Transportation planning and shipment completion

Shipment costs calculation

Shipment costs settlement

Shipment costs calculation for individual customers

Billing of customer freight

Service agent selectionManagement of means of transport and utilitiesFollow-up and supervision of shipmentsManagement of shipment costs

These transportation functions can handle planning and processing for both inbound and outbound shipments. You can control and monitor the entire transportationprocess from the planning stage to goods issue at your shipping point (for outbound shipments) or vendor location (for inbound shipments), through to goodsreceipt at the customer location or your plant.

Other available functions include: shipment costs calculation and settlement with the service agent, transfer to accounting, credit memo creation and invoiceverification.

This documentation describes procedures in outbound shipment processing. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the information here also appliesto inbound shipment processing. Differences between the two will be pointed out where necessary.

For information on creating and processing inbound deliveries, see the Confirmations section of the R/3 Library documentation for Purchasing(MM-PUR).

1.16 Reports and Analyses (SD-IS-REP)

PurposeThe SAP R/3 System offers you a wide range of information and analysis tools for sales and distribution. These provide you with a quick overview of your currentbusiness situation.

You want to determine how many orders customer XY issued in the last quarter. To see this information, you can execute the report "List orders".This gives you a list of orders and also contains information on the items, order value etc. You can set the scope of this list yourself.

IntegrationSome reports are created using theSales Information System .This is the only component, which enables you to collect, aggregate and evaluate data from sales and distribution processing.The sales information system is part of theLogistics Informatiom System.


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FeaturesThe following evaluation functions are available:

Lists and evaluations

You can create lists of documents that meet certain criteria such as all the billing documents for a particular payer or all orders for a certain time period.

The system is also able to inform you about credit holds (documents blocked for credit reasons) or orders that have not yet been processed.

Work lists

You can create work lists for different areas, for example, for deliveries that have not yet been billed. You can go directly from the list to process thedocuments.

Functional Analyses

This enables you to display the steps that the system uses to determine prices or accounts.

Information on individual sales documents

You can display information about a sales document, such as the document flow or document status.


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