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    Santorini island

    Greece

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    Santorini

    Santorini (Greek: , pronounced *sadorini+), classically Thera (play /r/), andofficially Thira (Greek: *ira+), is an island in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200km (120 mi) southeast from Greece's mainland. It is the largest island of a small, circulararchipelago which bears the same name and is the remnant of a volcanic caldera. It formsthe southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands, with an area ofapproximately 73 km2 (28 sq mi) and a 2001 census population of 13,670. Themunicipality of Santorini comprises the inhabited islands of Santorini and Therasia andthe uninhabited islands of Nea Kameni, Palaia Kameni, Aspronisi, and Christiana. The total

    land area is 90.623 km2 (34.990 sq mi). Santorini is part of the Thira regional unit.

    Santorini is essentially what remains after an enormous volcanic explosion that destroyedthe earliest settlements, on a formerly single island, and created the current geologicalcaldera. A giant central, rectangular lagoon, which measures about 12 by 7 km (7.5 by 4.3mi), is surrounded by 300 m (980 ft) high, steep cliffs on three sides. The main islandslopes downward to the Aegean Sea. On the fourth side, the lagoon is separated from thesea by another much smaller island called Therasia; the lagoon is connected to the sea intwo places, in the northwest and southwest. The caldera being 400m deep makes itpossible for all but the largest ships to anchor anywhere in the protected bay; there is,however, a newly built marina in Vlychada on the southwestern coast. The principal portis called Athinias. The capital, Fira, clings to the top of the cliff looking down on thelagoon. The volcanic rocks present from the prior eruptions feature olivine and have anotably small presence of hornblende.

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    It is the most active volcanic centre in the South Aegean Volcanic Arc,though what remains today is chiefly a water-filled caldera. The volcanicarc is approximately 500 km (310 mi) long and 20 to 40 km (12 to 25 mi)wide. The region first became volcanically active around 34 million yearsago, though volcanism on Thera began around 2 million years ago with theextrusion of dacitic lavas from vents around the Akrotiri.

    The island is the site of one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recordedhistory: the Minoan eruption (sometimes called the Thera eruption),which occurred some 3600 years ago at the height of the Minoancivilization. The eruption left a large caldera surrounded by volcanic ashdeposits hundreds of feet deep and may have led indirectly to the collapse

    of the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete, 110 km (68 mi) to thesouth, through a gigantic tsunami. This theory is not, however, supportedby chronology, in that the collapse of the Minoan civilization did not occurat the date of the tsunami, but some 90 years later.[citation needed]Another popular theory holds that the Thera eruption is the source of thelegend of Atlantis.

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