Santalum Album

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Santalum album is a small tropical tree of the Santalaceae family, the most commonly

known source of sandalwood. This species has been utilised, cultivated and traded for

many years, some cultures placing great significance on its fragrant and medicinal

qualities. Sometimes sandalwood often called like sandalwood.

Sandalwood comes from the term in the language sanscrit latin language called

Santalum album L. including the family Santalaceae. Actually there are two types of

sandalwood or red sandalwood Pterocarpus santalinus and white or sandalwood

Santalum album L. Red sandalwood, less fragrant and not good quality because it is

less important for trade. Cendana live in this type of Funan and India. Meanwhile,

white sandalwood have high quality because aromanya and contain a fragrant oil.

White sandalwood growing area in the islands of East Nusa Tenggara islands of

Flores, Sumba, Solor, Adonara, Lomblen, Pantar, Alor, Timor, Rote and Sabu. In the

past two important islands of sandalwood island is the island of Timor and Sumba.

Because as a major sandalwood in the past, the island Sumba Island is called

Sandelwood or sandalwood island. But unfortunately sandalwood is increasingly rare

because of human ulah such as theft of sandalwood and regulations that are less

partisan people.

Sandalwood that grows wherever the land is growing in the country and in the

community property must be by the people. If sandalwood akan mati fined. However,

the results of sandalwood most of the incoming cash to the government.

Cendana biological characteristics

Sandalwood classified Santalaceae family, Ordo Lorantha. Sandalwood is a plant

parasite and a half to obtain food through the wet nurse of the tree root that is

connected through haustori. Elements of the substance taken from the only wet nurse

tree elements N, P and amino element. Through this haustori food absorbed through



RE ION NAME: Candana (Minangkabau) Tindana, Sindana ( ayak); Candana

(Sunda); Candana, Candani (Java); Candhana, Candhana lakek (Madura); Candana

(BeIitung); Ai Nitu; Fund (Sumbawa); Wood Or ( FIores); Sundana (Sangir);

Sondana (North Sulawesi); Ayu luhi ( orontalo); Candana (Makasar); nituk Ai

(Bread); Hau meni, Ai kamelin (Timor); Kamenir (Wetar); Maoni (Kisar)

NAME FOREI N: Santali Lignum; Kayu Cendana. Santali Oleum; Minyak

Cendana. Santali Oleum; Sandalwood Oil.

Ta onomy of Santalum album

Scientific classification

Kingdom : Plantae

ivision : Magnoliophyta

Class : Magnoliopsida

Order : Santalales

Family : Santalaceae

enus : SantalumSpecies : Santalum album

Nomenclature

Sandalwood

The nomenclature for other 'sandalwoods' and the ta onomy of the genus are derived

from this species historical and widespread use. Many languages contain a word that

describes this specific plant. S. album is included in the family Santalaceae, which is

placed in the order Santalales, and is commonly known as White or East Indian

Sandalwood. It is the type species of the genus Santalum, nominated by Linnaeus in

the first botanical description; this was published in Species Plantarum in 7 with



the note "Habitat in India". The species name, Santalum ovatum, used by Robert

Brown in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae ( 8 ) was described as a synonym of

this species by Ale eorge in 984. The epithet album refers to the 'white' of the

heartwood.

The species was the first to be known as Sandalwood, although it is often appended

with a description of a region. Other species in the genus Santalum, such as the

Australian S. spicatum, are distinguished by a regional name.

Habitat

S. album occurs in coastal dry forests at sealevel and dunes or cliff tops up to 7 m.

It normally grows in sandy or stony red soils, but a wide range of soil types are

inhabited. This habitat has a temperature range from to 8°C and annual rainfall

between and mm.

Uses

Young sapling of cendana

S. album has been the primary source of sandalwood and the derived oil. These often

hold an important place within the societies of its naturalised distribution range. The

high value of the plant has led to attempts at cultivation, this has increased the

distribution range of the plant. The ISO Standard for the accepted characteristics of

this essential oil is ISO 8: . The long maturation period and difficulty in



cultivation have been restrictive to e tensive planting within the range. Harvest of the

tree involves several curing and processing stages, also adding to the commercial

value. These wood and oil have high demand and are an important trade item in the

regions of:

Australia

Utilisation of all the Australian Santalum species in has been e tensive;

Santalum spicatum was e tensively harvested and e ported from Western

Australia during colonisation, this was used as a less e pensive alternative to

this species. Commercial Indian Sandalwood plantations are now in full

operations in Kununurra, Western Australia.

Hawaii

A primary e port in Hawaiian societies.India

The use of S. album in India is noted in their literature for over two thousand

years. It has use as wood and oil in religious practices. It also features as a

construction material in temples and elsewhere. The Indian government has

banned the e port of the species to reduce the threat by over-harvesting. In the

southern Indian state of Karnataka, all trees of greater than a specified girth

are the property of the state. Cutting of trees, even on private property, is

regulated by the Forest epartment. The infamous forest bandit eerappan

was involved in the illegal felling of sandalwood trees from forests.

South Pacific

Societies throughout the south pacific has made use of 'sandalwood'.

Sri Lanka

An e tensive history of use.

The harvesting of sandalwood is preferred to be of trees that are advanced in age.

Saleable wood can, however, be of trees as young as seven years. The entire plant isremoved rather than cut to the base, as in coppiced species. The e tensive removal of

S. album over the past century led to increased vulnerability to e tinction.

Utili ation:

PURPOSE



Wood:

y Antiseptic urine channel.

y Dysentery.

y Diarrhea.

y Enteritis.

Leaf:

y Asthma.

Bark / roots Skin:

y Menstruation is not regular.

Ingredients and dosage

Dysentery

Ingredients:

y Sandalwood bark gram grams

y Leaves Patikan China gram grams

y Gambier is few

y Water ml

Ways of making: Made infus.



How to use: drink times a day, morning and afternoon, every time I drank ml.

Duration of treatment: repeated for 4 days.

Enteritis

Ingredients:

y Wood Sandalwood (powder) tea spoon

y Boiling water ml

Ways of making: stir with hot water

How to use: drink times a day, morning and afternoon, every time I drank ml.

Duration of treatment: repeated for 4 days.

Asthma

Ingredients:

y Wood Sandalwood (powder) scientific

y Tanjung young leaves some blade

Ways of making: young leaves Tanjung cutted then dried. Once added a little dry

powder Sandalwood, and cigarettes are made.

How to use: suck like cigarettes.

Composition of Santalum album

Wood: Oil atsiri, Hars, and samak substances.

Oil: Santalol (seskuiterpenalkohol), santalen (seskuiterpena), santen, santenon,

santalal, santalon, and isovalerilaldehida



Classification:

Based on the usage of wood Cendana divided into four quality classes as follows:

y First Quality with the quality of P

y Quality Second quality with D

y Quality Third with quality Q

y Quality of the Fourth with a quality M

Term Raw Material

Cendana wood should be taken from the Sandalwood tree is already cooked tebang

marked with:

. Gubal Thickness of less than . cm, can be seen with the tree before ditebang

drilling . cm deep. drill is used drill riap.

. Cendana Diameter timber at least cm at a height of cm above the

ground.

Santalum Album

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