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SanctumDaily Study notes – Compilation

SSC/IBPSContents (200 Pages)

Double Fillers

Parajumble – The Economist

Cloze Test – The Economist

Common Error – Pronoun, Adjective, Non-Finite

Fill up the blanks – Phrasal Verb, Preposition

Daily Vocab – The Hindu

Exam Related Reading articles

New Pattern Questions for IBPS PO

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Sanctum English Notes21st August

Contents

1. Comprehension Class2. Cloze Test3. Vocab building Exercise4. Parajumble5. Phrasal Verb6. Double Fillers7. Grammar

The foreign façade

The notion that anything foreign is taboo toour economy is flawed thinking

The incoming head of the NITI Aayog, RajivKumar, recently said in a column in DainikJagran that India is subject to “foreigninfluences”, especially in the economic sphere.He said we must overcome the impact of theMacaulay and Anglo-Saxon world view. It’simportant to analyse this statement and thesweeping generalisations that come with it.

The aim of the NITI Aayog is to develop as athink tank which can make India competitiveand self-reliant in a globalised world. However,the notion that anything “foreign” is taboo to ourecosystem is flawed thinking in an integratedmodern economy. And despite Mr. Kumar’sassertions of “foreign influence” fading away, itis a fact that many prominent and competentpeople in economic policy in the Modigovernment have been educated or have workedabroad, including Mr. Kumar himself! Thisindicates that many Indians who have excelledabroad want to contribute to the economy. In amodern economy like ours, we need people withinternational exposure (to learn from the world’smistakes) rather than armchair unaccountablepseudo-economists giving lectures, under thecover of political ideology, on what has to bedone.

An alternative model

The second problematic notion is of foreign-bound economists being “Anglo-Saxon” inthought and process. While there are severaleconomists with a western world view ofeconomic theory, there are also a substantialnumber who agree with the negative impact ofthe theoretical influences of Anglo-Saxoneconomic thought on our policymaking and wantit to be replaced with something moreindigenous. But what is the alternative? Whilethere are pockets of ideas which glorify oursmall and medium-sized enterprises, we haven’treally established a robust alternative model likewhat Singapore and China have done to suittheir sociocultural tendencies. To establish amodel like that is possible only when we havecompetent people with a broader globalunderstanding of policies and ideas and yet havea unique approach to integrate Swadeshiqualities.

Third, barring one or two Indian institutes, theacademic quality of economists is no match toglobal standards. For example, India wasplunged into an economic crisis in 1991 largelydue to the flawed policies of home-growneconomists who were abiding by the defunctsocialist model of the 1970s and ’80s. TheInternational Monetary Fund, for all its flaws,provided financial support to India to get out ofthe crisis. So what’s the point of criticisingmultilateral institutions when our own policieshad neither the scale nor the vision to take usforward? Should we not pick up usefulrecommendations from these multilateralinstitutions? The focus needs to be on makingcalculated judgments on what suits us and whatdoesn’t rather than on shutting outopportunities.

By adapting such narrow-minded views, we areisolating talented Indians who are willing tocontribute to the country. The NITI Aayog needsto recruit Indian talent to suit the new ideas thatthey think are good for India.





Difficult Words –

Façade – मुखौटा - the way sth appears to be,which mayn’t be realNotion – धारणा - an understanding of sthFlawed – कमी - defect, faultTaboo – विजत बात - forbidden, unmentionableFade away – गरावट होना - decline, decreaseCompetent – यो यता - capable, ableProminent – famous, well- knownIndigenous - वदेशी - nativeGlorify – तार फ - praiseRobust – मजबतू- strongBar – नकालना - exclude, banPlunge – गोता लगाना - dive, crash, go downDefunct – नि य - expired, invalidSummary of the Article

Why should we come to terms with ‘foreign’?- Because there is much to learn from

foreign countries than being in India. It’smore of a political ideology which doesn’thelp the economy.

What are the alternative models suggested bythe writer?

- Integrate our models with foreign ideas.- Accept recommendations from institutes

like IMF

Other Statements- China and Singapore have developed

models to suit their socio-culturaltendencies.

- Thinking that foreign influence is fadingaway isn’t true.

New Pattern Cloze Test – The EconomistMagazine – 29th April

EXECUTIVES at firms selling consumer stapleslike to think of themselves as “marketing gurus”.But how many could actually______(1)_____(support) themselves into the lotusposition, let alone attempt a headstand? Suchfeats are nothing for the top _____(2)____(head)at Patanjali, an Indian purveyor of tooth-paste,cooking oil, herbal concoctions and much else.Fronted by a bona fide guru, the firm’smarketing strategy—play up the benefits ofnatural products, then paint foreignmultinationals as latter-day imperialists—delivers over $1bn in annual sales, up tenfold in

four years. Having _____(3)_____(search) the firmas a fad, the likes of Colgate-Palmolive andUnilever are emulating it. Baba Ramdev, anascetic yogi who is the public face of the brand,makes for an unconventional capitalist symbol.But with Acharya Balkrishna, a devotee of hiswho serves as the firm’s boss and majority-owner, he has built a consumer-goodspowerhouse that is ______(4)____(trying) with thebusiness-school graduates at the multinationals.Starting out two decades ago as an apothecaryof traditional Ayurvedic potions, Patanjali has______(5)____(traded) into personal care, homeproducts, packaged food and more. Mr Ramdev’sbeard and saffron robes are among India’s mostwidely seen corporate _____(6)____(points).Marketing textbooks suggest the firm shouldhave stumbled a while back. Whereasmultinationals such as Procter & Gamble spendheavily to advertise dozens of sub-brands,Patanjali grew by word of _____(7)_____(friend)and sells everything from detergent to cornflakesand hair oil under its own name. Establishedplayers outsource their manufacturing and sellthrough shops owned by third parties; Patanjalihas its own plants and has built a network ofthousands of exclusive, franchised stores acrossIndia. Its head office in Haridwar, in the foothillsof the Himalayas, is not in a place consultantswould recommend. Nor would they havepredicted the success of its formula—goodquality and value plus indignant nationalism.Newspaper ads _______(8)______(entice)customers to shake off the yoke of multinationalfirms in the way their forebears resisted Britain’sEast India Company. A dash of cow urine in ahandful of products, including soap and floorcleaner, burnishes its Hindu credentials.1. (a) find (b) contort (c) let

(d) picked (e) No Change2. (a) man (b) people (c) brass

(d) boss (e) No Change3. (a) dismissed (b) found (c) called

(d) told (e) No Change4. (a) going (b) taking (c) asking

(d) vying (e) No Change5. (a) involved (b) dissolved (c) evoked

(d) expanded (e) No Change6. (a) housed (b) centers (c) changes

(d) emblems (e) No Change7. (a) face (b) word (c) good

(d) mouth (e) No Change8. (a) force (b) requests (c) beseech

(d) takes (e) No change





Vocab Building Exercise 9 –

1. snub (v)a. to ignore b. to avoidc. to shun d. all of the above

2. mercurial (adj)a. changing predictablyb. changing unpredictablyc. made of mercuryd. planet

3. palette (n)a. artist’s brush keeping boxb. artist’s paint mixing boardc. artist’s frame boxd. artist’s planning board

4. shimmer (v)a. to flicker like sunlightb. to shine like sunlightc. to move like sunlightd. all of the above

5. unerring (adj)a. always making a mistakeb. rarely making a mistakec. never making a mistaked. eventually making a mistake

Parajumble – IBPS PO

A. leading to an increase in productivity andoutput. Robots have evolved tremendouslyover the years and are now being widely usedin

B. The first modern-day Industrial Revolutiondates back to 1800s and had manufacturingprocesses for metals, chemicals, textiles andmining;

C. various sectors such as defence, disastermanagement, search and rescue operations,and the entertainment industry in the formof electronically operated toys.

D. with Egyptians using automated water clocksto strike the hour bell and hydraulicallyoperated statues that could gesture andspeak in 400 BC.

E. Subsequently, there have been many suchinstances of robotics in the history ofmankind.

F. The concept of robotics has been in existencefor a long time,

Phrasal Verbs –

Expressions with break

1. The firefighters had to break the door ______to rescue the little girl.A) into B) out C) down

2. The burglar broke ______ the house and stoleall their money and jewelry.A) away B) into C) forth

3. I don’t know why their marriage is breaking______.A) through B) in C) up

4. After two hours of hard work, we decided tobreak ______ for a little cup of coffee.A) off B) up C) into

5. We have to break ______ all our emotionalbarriers to feel free.A) away B) down C) into

6. When he spread the news, panic broke______ in the city.A) in B) away C) out

7. Scientists will break ______ in their search fornew sources of energy.A) up B) through C) out

8. Mary feels miserable, for she’s just broken______ her boyfriend.A) with B) up C) down

Phrasal Verbs with meanings:

Break away – to move awayBreak down –1. To stop working

2. To fail3. To lose control of your feelingsand start crying4. To divide

Break sth down – 1. to make sth fall down2. To destroy

Break in – to enter a building by force

Break into – 1. to enter a building2. To suddenly start running3. To be successful

Break off – 1. to become separated2. To stop doing sth at a time

Break out – to start suddenlyBreak through – to make new and importantdiscoveries





Break through sth – overcome

Break up – to come to an endBreak up (with sb) – to end a relationship

Double Fillers

1. The movie _________ many of the parents of itsyounger viewers by including unnecessary______ in the dialogue.

a. Offended, vulgarityb. Left, verbosityc. Calls, vocalizationsd. Challenges, garishnesse. Speaks, tonality

2. His neighbors found his ______ manner bossyand irritating, and they ________ inviting him tobackyard barbeques.

a. Insentient, startedb. Magisterial, stoppedc. Reparatory, triedd. Restorative, forgote. Modest, remember

Grammar Concepts:

Common Error

NounType 1 – Correct Use of noun

1. Yogesh knew the (a)/ the value of obedient (b)/too well (c)/ not to anticipate some (d) censure ofhis act. (d)/NE

2. The neglect of women (a)/ costs the world (b)/ agreat deal both in (c)/ economic and in socialterms. (d)/ NE

3. After her retiring (a)/ she established may (b)/institutions to train (c)/ underprivileged buttalented children. (d)/ NE

4. It is truth (a)/ that India is (b)/ the largestconsumer of (c)/ gold in the world. (d)/ NE

5. The long gap needs (a)/ to be bridged soon (b)/because it has created (c)/ a lot of unpleasant.(d)/ NE

6. On a number of occasions, (a)/ we had noticedthat (b)/ those two employees (c)/ were often instate of confused. (d)/ No Error

7. Identifying, nurturing and (a)/ developing anemployee’s talent is (b)/ among the most

important task (c)/ of Human ResourceDevelopment department. (d)/ NE

8. Many residents claim (a)/ that the company has(b)/ taken their land (c)/ without adequatecompensating. (d)/ No Error

9. We informed customers (a)/ that there will be(b)/ no interrupting in (c)/ our bank servicestomorrow. (d)/ NE

10.Three conditions critical (a)/ for growing plantsare soil, temperature, chemical balance (b)/ oramount of moisture. (c)/ NE

AnswersCloze Test: 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6 D 7. D 8. CVocab Building 9 – DBBDCParajumble - : fdebacPhrasal verb exercise : 1-C 2-B 3-C 4-A 5-B 6-C7-B 8-ADouble Fillers Answer: 1. A 2. BCommon Error Answers

1. Yogesh knew the (a)/ the value of obedience(b)/ too well (c)/ not to anticipate some (d)censure of his act. (d)/NE

2. The neglect of women (a)/ costs the world(b)/ a great deal both in (c)/ economic and insocial terms. (d)/ NE

3. After her retirement (a)/ she establishedmay (b)/ institutions to train (c)/underprivileged but talented children. (d)/NE

4. It is a truth (a)/ that India is (b)/ the largestconsumer of (c)/ gold in the world. (d)/ NE

5. The long gap needs (a)/ to be bridged soon(b)/ because it has created (c)/ a lot ofunpleasantness. (d)/ NE

6. On a number of occasions, (a)/ we hadnoticed that (b)/ those two employees (c)/were often in state of confusion. (d)/ NoError

7. Identifying, nurturing and (a)/ developing anemployee’s talent is (b)/ among the mostimportant task (c)/ of Human ResourceDevelopment department. (d)/ NE

8. Many residents claim (a)/ that the companyhas (b)/ taken their land (c)/ withoutadequate compensation. (d)/ No Error





9. We informed customers (a)/ that there will be(b)/ no interruption in (c)/ our bankservices tomorrow. (d)/ NE

10.Three conditions critical (a)/ for growingplants are soil, temperature, chemicalbalance (b)/ or amount of moisture. (c)/ NE





Sanctum Notes 22nd AugustDouble Fillers

1. Rajendra is always ______ about showing upfor work because he feels that _______ is asign of irresponsibility.

a. legible , carelessnessb. tolerable, absenteeismc. punctual, tardinessd. literal, tendencye. belligerent, haughtiness

2. Garvit would ______ her little sister into anargument ________ teasing her and callingher names.

a. Advocate, tob. provoke, byc. perforate, intod. lamente, toe. expunge, for

3. The dress Anuradha wore ______ with small,glassy beads, creating a shimmering__________.

a. Titillated, resultb. Reiterated, consequencec. Scintillated, effectd. Enthralled, repercussione. Striated, result

Parajumble

A. India’s growth engine saw a revival afterindependence in 1947.

B. Liberation from British Raj not only broughtabout political freedom

C. One of the dominant themes of India’sfreedom movement was

D. In less than seven decades since then,India’s per capita income—at constant prices—grew six times, data from The MaddisonProject shows.

E. but more concerted efforts to raise the levelof economic growth and development.

F. Despite hiccups and some inherent flaws inthe plans of India’s new political elites,

G. the economic costs imposed by unfriendlyBritish policies on India.

Phrasal Verbs

Expressions with bring

1. Does this bring ______ memories?A) in B) on C) back

2. She had to bring ______ the children byherself.A) on B) up C) out

3. Did he ever bring ______ that book?A) back B) up C) on

4. Can I bring ______ my friend?A) up B) along C) out

5. Being a teacher doesn’t bring ______ muchmoneyA) up B) back C) in

Bring sth about:- to make sth happen, Cause

Bring sth/sb back – to return sb/sth

Bring sth back – 1. to think about it again2. reintroduce

Bring sb down – defeat, to make sb fall over

Bring sth down – reduce,2. to make a bird fall down

Bring sth forward – to suggest sth for discussion

Bring sb/sth in – to be involved in sth2. to bring sb to a police station3. to introduce a law4. to attract sb to a place5. to give a decision in a court

Bring off – to succeed in doing sth, pull off

Bring sth out – to make sth appear2. to produce sth3. to make sth easy to understand

Bring up – to care for a child- 2. To mention a subject- 3. To vomit


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Cloze TestWHEN some of Latvia’s banks became infectedwith dirty money, all paid the price.“Correspondent” banks—international banksthat clear smaller banks’ foreign-currencytransactions through big financial centres—______(1)_____(chased) detaching from the Balticcountry. JPMorgan Chase withdrew in 2013. Bylast year only Deutsche Bank was_____(2)____(also). It soon stopped serving half ofLatvia’s lenders, and in March began droppingthe rest, leaving them at risk of being unable toconduct dollar-_____(3)____(earned)transactions, from paying remittances tofinancing trade. The _____(4)____(exchange)happened despite Latvia’s improved financialoversight. In the past two years its regulatorsput a dozen banks through stringent anti-money-_____(5)____(earning) audits. The banks____(6)____(shred) 19,000 high-risk clients in thepast year alone. As Deutsche continues itsphased withdrawal, Latvian banks are trying topersuade it to change its mind, while scramblingto find alternatives. A switch to settling in euros,Latvia’s currency, might be an option, but that_____(7)_____(lists) problems in sectors wheregoods are priced in dollars, such ascommodities. Strict new rules on capital andliquidity after the financial crisis have______(8)____(headed) the cost-benefit balanceaway from global banks’ least-profitable clients.But another cause of Latvia’s travails is“derisking”: banks dropping customers in placesor sectors have also been hit. Big banks have“unbanked everyone from porn actors topawnbrokers”, says a regulator. Banks aredriven by fear: fines for aiding financial crimehave shot _____(9)____(through), in both amountand number. A decade ago banks were payingfines in America, the most _____(10)____(happy)country, of tens of millions of dollars a yearbetween them; now they are paying billions. In2014 France’sBNP Paribas stumped up $8.9bnfor violating sanctions on Sudan, Iran and Cuba.Deutsche has been fined several times, including$630m in connection with Russian money-laundering. In some countries a complete shut-out from correspondent banking looms.

1. (a) start (b)began (c) looked(d) set (e) No Change

2. (a) supported (b) left (c) bankrupt(d) arrived (e) No Change

3. (a) dedicated (b) animated (c) related(d) denominated (e) No change

4. (a) exodus (b) change (c) market

(d) management (e) No Change5. (a) arranging (b) sending (c) finding

(d) laundering (e) No Change6. (a) left (b) felt (d) shade

(d) shed (e) No Change7. (a) faces (b) puts (c) poses

(d) throws (e) No Change8. (a) played (b) tilted (c) slightly

(d) slated (e) No Change9. (a) up (b) off (c) down

(d) with (e) No Change10. (a) prominent (b) impunity (c) corrupt

(d) punitive (e) No change

Vocab Building Exercise – 10

1. ology(suffix)a. meaning the study ofb. meaning the center ofc. meaning the father ofd. meaning the mother of

2. geology (n)a. the study of waterb. the study of rocksc. the study of starsd. the study of mathematics

3. sociology(n)a. the study of sportb. the study of rocksc. the study of societyd. the study of diseases

4. archeology (n)a. the study of new culturesb. the study of art and musicc. the study of medicined. the study of historic or prehistoriccultures

5. criminology (n)a. the study of crime and criminalsb. the study of time and crimec. the study of fish and animalsd. the study of old words





Rebooting India-Nepal Ties:-Nepal is run by a revolving door of politicalleaders who have weakened the polity andeconomy over the years, but who did battle theodds to promulgate a new Constitution. India,meanwhile, has a Chief Minister-turned-PrimeMinister who has had to learn geopolitics on thejob. Prime Minister Narendra Modi would haverealised the limits of optics in geopolitics, andNepal serves as a marker of adventurism goneawry.With global geopolitics on the boil, and theHindi-Chini relationship in free fall, it should bein India’s interest to secure its ownneighbourhood, and that can only be throughletting national politics and governance of thesmaller neighbours evolve without interference.Impediments, implausibilitiesNew Delhi must use the visit of Nepal’s newlyanointed Prime Minister, Sher Bahadur Deuba,on Wednesday as an opportunity to hit the resetbutton on Nepal-India relations. Such arebooting requires a cold and hard look at howNepal was handled over the past decade,exemplified by the impediments placed in thewriting, adoption and implementation of theConstitution.True, India played a valued role in ending theMaoist insurgency in 2006, but the periodthereafter was marked by escalating micro-meddling in Nepal’s internal affairs. InConstitution-writing, there were attempts todefine the new provincial boundaries accordingto Indian dictates — pushing first an unwieldyand unworkable plains-only province, then atwo-province formula.The presence of India’s heavy hand contributedin numerous ways to the distortion ofconsensual governance needed in transitionaltimes. Kathmandu’s civil society waspreoccupied with managing the fallout, andmuch time has been spent rallying around theflag rather than stabilising the new republicandemocracy, trying to end ‘bhagbanda’ share-the-spoils politics, and working to ensure that the

inclusion enshrined in the Constitution isobserved in practice. (The scarcity of Madhesifaces in the recent appointment of ambassadors,judges and government appointments is a casein point.)For reasons best known to South Block, India‘noted’ rather than welcomed the Constitution. Asociety trying to emerge from the April 2015Great Earthquake was slapped with the punitiveGreat Blockade. Even today, New Delhi seemsuneasy with the recognition of Maithili, Bhojpuriand Avadhi in Nepal, and prefers the elevation ofHindi as in India.While keeping silent for years on Nepal’s post-conflict transitional justice process, in November2015 India’s representative in Geneva cynicallyutilised the forum of the Human Rights Councilto influence government change in Kathmandu.A year ago, Indian interlocutors pushed theNepali Congress to renege on its promise tocontinue in coalition with the mainstream leftCommunist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), and engineered what is theimplausible current embrace of the Congresswith the Maoist party of Pushpa Kamal Dahal.At the tactical level, New Delhi’s motives behindthe heavy-handedness of the recent past mayhave to do with electoral calculations related tothe Bihar and Uttar Pradesh polls. On theConstitution, the idea of a ‘buffer’ province isthought to have been floated either to preventthird country militant infiltration or to controlnational-level politics in Kathmandu. Some pointto an agenda to try to take Nepal back to ‘Hindustate’ constitutional status.For the long term, Indian strategists may beseeking ways to get Kathmandu to allow theconstruction of high dams and deep reservoirson Nepal’s rivers — for flood control, navigation,urban use and irrigation in Bihar and UttarPradesh. A particular federal demarcation mightmake Kathmandu more amenable, goes this lineof thinking.In trying to push some or all of these goals, NewDelhi made deep inroads into Nepal’s politicalclass, but none did it use more than theMadhesbaadi parties. Besides the fact that thishas done great injustice to the plains-basedMadhesi citizens of Nepal, the Madhesbaadileadership is presently incensed that after all its





goading New Delhi now seems to bebacktracking — a recent example of this ‘useand throw’ policy is seen in how theMadhesbaadi leaders were made to standagainst local government elections, followed by avolte-face of the Indian Embassy urging them tojoin.As Mr. Deuba deplanes, indeed there areindications of a scaling back of Indianinvolvement. Hopefully this is a response to agrowing realisation in New Delhi that a peaceful,stable Nepal that evolves of its own volition isgood for India, and especially for the centralGanga plains.From the Kathmandu perspective, politicallymicromanaging Nepal could not have butbackfired. Take the Great Blockade, whichforced the Kathmandu political leadership toreach out to Beijing and sign a slew of trade,transit and infrastructural agreements with it.Few know that Nepal is today better connectedby air to Chinese cities than to India.Pending mattersOnce Nepal and India get past the era ofinterventionism as but a bad memory, the twocan concentrate on the numerous matters thatneed concentration and resolution. An importantissue is the open border itself, which is a uniquejoint heritage of the two countries. While it isNepal’s Left that has traditionally demandedrestrictions on the border, the call now risesfrom the Indian security establishment.

Due to domestic political instability more thananything else, over the years Kathmandu lost itsconfidence in dealing with the Dilli Durbar. Withthe self-assurance that comes from Nepalmoving towards normalcy under its newConstitution, and with India seemingly changinggears on its Nepal policy, one hopes for athreshold of maturity in relations between SouthAsia’s oldest nation-state and its largestdemocracy.

Difficult Words

Bilateral – वप ीय - involving two sidesEvolve – वक सत होना- develop gradually

Impediment – कावट - sth that delays theprogressImplausibility – असंगत - not reasonableEscalate – बदतर होना - to make sth greater, worse,more seriousUnwieldy – भार भरकम - difficult to controlbecause of its sizeFallout – हार - bad results of a situationScarcity – कमी - shortagePunitive – दंडा मक - intended as punishmentRenege – यागना - to break a promiseAmenable –आ ाकार - easy to controlTo make deep inroads – create a noticeable effectIncense – गु सा दलाना - to make sb very angryVolition – इ छा शि त- free willInundation – बाढ़ - floodSummary of the Article

1. India has created problems for Nepal in past.If it wants a good neighbourhood. It muststop interfering to internal matters of Nepal.

2. When their PM visits India tomorrow. It’stime to better the relation. Hit the resetbutton.

3. India has played a role in bringing downMaoist govt in 2006, but now they arecrossing their limits in constitutionpreparation.

4. India may want to construct dams, reservoirson the Nepal rivers that will be helpful.

5. Border issues must be sorted out if any. Weshould keep the border as it is.

6. We must help Nepal more than it needChina. Trade should be looked after.





Noun: singular or pluralToday’s questions are based on followingconcepts. Go through these and attemptthe 25 questions provided.

1. Plural Noun – Singular verb

None of Either of Each of Neither of Everyone of One of The number of

2. Plural Noun – Plural verb

Many of Some of Several of A number of

3. After these expressions, we’ll use plural noun

Several Some All Various Many Most Numerous

Note: - Make sure you check that after anarticle, singular pronoun is used. A bacterium A criterion

Note: - There is a concept of uncountable noun.We use them after Amount, much, little – uncountable noun Number, many, few – countable noun

Note: maths digit + Plural noun Two boys Five houses Ten cars

1. A number of boys are (a)/ reading this novel (b)/because this is one of the most (c)/ importantnovel of India. (d) / NE

2. The book is (a)/ popular and the sale (b)/ isquite brisk in (c)/ all major city. (d)/ NE

3. His company is (a)/ one of the few company (b)manufacturing this product (c)/ in the wholecountry. (d)/ NE

4. On my way (a)/ to the railway station I met (b)/one of your friend named Neeraj. (d)/ NE

5. Inspite of four letter (a)/ we have sent, (b)/ wehave received (c)/ no answer from the authority.(d)/ NE

6. In spite of having received (a)/ all the necessarydata (b)/ he did not take any decision (c)/because of extraneous reasons. (d)/ NE

7. Our housing society comprises (a)/ six block andthirty flats (b)/ in an area of (c)/ about thousandsquare metres. (d)/ NE

8. One of my most (a)/ widely spread (b)/ bad habit(c)/ is the use of tobacco. (d)/ NE

9. One of the sergeant (a)/ came (b)/ runningforward (c)/ the captain with (d)/ a massage. Allcorrect (e)

10. I am totally opposed (a)/ to the statement (b)/ ofsome of our manager. (d)/ NE

11. In his opinion (a)/ every senior citizens (b)/ willbenefit (c)/ form the new rule. (d)/ NE

12.Despite the progress (a)/ we have achieved in(b)/ the field of medicine, many (c)/ million ofpeople die of malaria. (d)/ NE

13.The success of the project (a)/ depends on how(b)/ much efforts each (c)/ team member putsin. (d)/ No Error

14.One of the important lesson (a)/ he taught mewas to save (b)/ at least thirty percent (c)/ of mygross income. (d)/ NE

15.There are only (a)/ a few company (b)/ that canhandle (c)/ projects of this magnitude. (d)/ NE

16.None of the student (a)/ in the class (b)/ scoredbelow the (c)/ given cut-off marks. (d)/ NE

17.He is (a)/ one of the tallest boy (b)/ in the class.(c)/ NE

18.Without a doubt, (a)/ Manoj is the most (b)/sincere of all the (c)/ student in the class. (d)/NE

19.Their failure to inspect (a)/ our factories is a (b)/clear indications that our (c)/ licence will not berenewed. (d)/ NE





20.The manager of that city branch (a)/ can nothandle it with the help of (b)/ only two personnelas (c)/ business has increased substantially.(d)/ NE

21.Reena came early on (a)/ Monday because shehad (b)/ to plan out the team’s schedule (c)/ forthe whole weeks. (d)/

22.All this document (a)/ have been destroyed (b)/in the fire (c)/ which occurred last month. (d)/NE

AnswersDouble Fillers: -

1. C 2. B 3. C

Parajumble:- cgbefad

Phrasal Verb - 1.-C 2.-B 3-A 4-B 5-C

Cloze Test – BBDADDCBAD

Vocab Building Exercise – 101.a 2.b 3.c 4.d 5.a

Common Error

1. One of the most important novels2. all major cities3. one of the few companies4. one of your friends5. four letters6. No Error – all the necessary data. Plural of

data is data7. B. Six blocks8. B. Bad habits – after one of plural noun is

used9. A. One of the sergeants10.Some of our managers11.Every senior citizen – Every + singular noun12.Many millions – Many + plural noun13.How much effort – effort is uncountable

noun14.One of the important lessons15. a few companies – few + plural noun16.None of the students17.One of the tallest boys18.all the students – all + Plural Noun19.a clear indication – article + singular noun

20. two personals - digit + plural noun21. for the whole week - Here she is planning

for only one week.22.All the documents – all + Plural Noun





Flood and FamineTO THE untrained eye, the satellite photos ofnorth-west Ethiopia on July 10th may haveseemed benign. They showed a relatively smallpool of water next to an enormous building siteon the Blue Nile, the main tributary of the Nileriver. But the project under construction is theGrand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which ismore than halfway complete. And the water iswhy it is so controversial. Since Ethiopiaannounced its plan to build the dam, it hasinspired threats of sabotage from Egypt, whichsits down-stream and relies on the Nile forelectricity, farming and drinking water. Egyptclaims that it is entitled to a certain proportionof the Nile’s water based on colonial era treaties.Ethiopia dismisses those agreements. The poolof water in the photos suggested that it wasbeginning to fill the reservoir behind the dam,reducing the river’s flow. That turns out not tohave been the case. The pool was deemed byEgypt to be a result of construction andseasonal Nile flooding. But the alarms it raisedare indicative of how sensitive negotiationsbetween Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan havebecome. Talks over such things as how fast tofill the reservoir and how to operate the damhave stumbled. And a potentially hugecomplication looms over any discussion of theNile’s future: climate change. By 2050 around abillion people will live in the countries throughwhich the Nile and its tributaries flow. Thatalone will put enormous stress on the watersupply. But according to a study by MohamedSiam and Elfatih Eltahir of MIT, potentialchanges to the river’s flow, resulting fromclimate change, may add to the strain. MessrsSiam and Eltahir conclude that on currenttrends the annual flow could increase, onaverage, by up to 15%. That may seem like agood thing, but it could also grow more variable,by 50%. In other words, there would be more(and worse) floods and droughts. There is, ofcourse, uncertainty in the projections, not leastbecause differing global climate models givedifferent numbers. But the idea that the flow ofthe Nile is likely to become more variable is lentcredibility, the authors argue, by the fact thattrends over decades seem to agree with them,and by consideration of the effects of El Niños.These colossal climatic oscillations, driven bychanges in the temperature of the Pacific, arecorrelated with the Nile’s flow, and climate-change studies suggesting more extreme El

Niños in years to come thus bolster the idea of amore variable Nile. More storage capacity will beneeded to smooth out the Nile’s flow. But unlikeEgypt’s large Aswan Dam, which was built withstorage in mind, the new Ethiopian one isdesigned for electricity production. Once waterstarts gushing through its turbines, it isexpected to produce over 6,000 megawatts ofpower. It is unclear, though, if the structure hasthe necessary flexibility to meet downstreamdemands in periods of prolonged drought. Thetalks between the three countries seem to beglossing over the potential effects of climatechange. The filling of the reservoir is beingnegotiated in terms of years, but nature may notco-operate with their timeline. The countrieswould be better off focusing on how much wateris needed downstream, which will vary in wetand dry years, say experts. Similarconsiderations will need be taken into accountwhen running the dam. “Nowhere in the worldare two such large dams on the same riveroperated without close coordination,” saysanother study from MIT. But so far co-operationis in short supply. The latest round of talks hasbeen postponed. Even the methodology of impactstudies is cause for wrangling. Once the dam isup and running, the Nile’s variability will becontrollable for some 60 years, say Messrs Siamand Eltahir. That assumes the dam is flexibleenough and that the countries work together.Even then, storage would have to be increasedby about 45% to keep things steady for the next60 years. So the countries have time to buildnew dams; but that will need even greater co-operation.Benign – दयालु - kindRenaissance – पनुजागरण - revivalSabotage – तोड़ फोड़ करना - deliberate damageDeem – वचार करना - considerStumble – लड़खड़ानाLoom – संकट मंडराना - to appear threateningStrain – तनाव - pressureColossal – बड़ा - extremely largeOscillation – दोलन - regular movement betweenone position and anotherBolster – सहारा देना - to improve sthGushing – भावुक - expressing so muchenthusiasm that it doesn’t seem sincereGloss over - छपाना – to avoid talking about sthunpleasantVary – अंतर होना – differ





Summary of the article

- Ethopia is building a dam on the river Nile.- Egypt has complains about it.- Writer has referred to a study about the

variations of Nile.- There is another dam in Egypt.- Writer thinks that both the countries should

co-operate with each other.- Many lives depend on it.- Dam has the capacity to provide water

stability for 60 years.- Countries are undermining the effects of

climate change.- They must talk with each other for better

results.

Cloze Test

OF THE world’s three great commercialcentres—New York, London and Hong Kong—two are on the defensive. London faces a______(1)_____(chapter) with the EuropeanUnion, which wants to seize the City’s euro-related activities and shift them inside thecurrency zone. In Hong Kong the fear is ofdeeper _______(2)_____(thoughts) by main-landChina, followed by irrelevance. Entrepots, afterall, can become obsolete. Venice once______(3)_____(loaded) with merchants, nottourists. Yet while London’s problem iscomplacency, Hong Kong’s pessimism seemsoverdone. It remains vital both to China and tothe country’s trading partners—the adaptor thatconverts the mainland’s financial and legalvoltage into the one used by the rest of theworld. Today’s gloom partly reflects a fear ofChinese _______(4)_____(intricacy). DuringSchumpeter’s recent visit, Xi Jinping, China’spresident, in town for the 20th anniversary ofthe resumption of mainland rule, warned that,while the constitutional structure of “onecountry, two systems” remains intact, HongKong must not cross any political “red lines”.Business folk have three worries: that HongKong will be _____(5)____(replaced) by Shanghai;that it can no longer claim to be a pan-Asianhub; and that it is a laggard in technology.Hong Kong has serious clout. It hosts theworld’s fourth-biggest stock exchange andcurrency market. It is a hub for cross borderloans. About half of China’s outward directinvestment flows through it.

1. (a) capture (b) rupture (c) conjecture(d) structure (e) No Change

2. (a) trepidation (b) arcane (c) rife(d) assimilation (e) No Change

3. (a) teamed (b) tamed (c) teemed(d) talked (e) No Change

4. (a) democracy (b) autocracy (c) oligarchy(d) aristocracy (e) No Change

5. (a) topple (b) usurped (c) left(d) used (e) No Change

Parajumble

A. It is also the benchmark for financialcontracts reckoned to be worth $350trn.

B. But plenty of asset-management products,as well as corporate loans and mortgages,are based on LIBOR

C. Derivatives depend on it most.D. For five currencies and seven maturities,

from overnight to 12 months, it is theaverage, trimmed of outliers, of up to 20banks’ estimates of the interest rate at whichthey can borrow from other banks.

E. Every working day, shortly before noon,British time, the London Interbank OfferedRate, or LIBOR, is published.

F. and similar rates, notably EURIBOR, aninterbank rate for euros.





Double Fillers -

1. Leela unknowingly ______ the thief byholding open the elevator doors and_________ his escape.

a. Coerced, makingb. Proclaimed, doingc. Abetted, ensuringd. Sanctioned, helpinge. Solicited, supporting

2. I had the ______ experience of sitting__________ to an over-talkative passenger onmy flight home from Brussels.

a. Satisfactory, alongb. Commendable, withc. Galling, nextd. Acceptable, bye. Acute, beside

3. Prince Ram Pratap had to choose: marrythe woman he loved and ______ his right tothe throne, or marry Lady Gaytri andinherit the crown.

a. Reprimand, getb. Upbraid, findc. Abdicate, inheritd. Winnow, receivee. Extol, praise

Grammar Concepts:

Noun: Case

1. You know it well that your success in lifedepends not on my advice but on somebody else.No error.

2. The building’s roof needs repairing otherwise itmay fall down and result into many persons’death. No error.

3. I visited John’s and Mary’s house twice butfound the couple absent. No error.

4. A ton’s weight is too heavy for anyone to carryon his head. No error.

5. He did not approve of his son raising stupidquestions and thereby vexing the teacher. Noerror.

6. America’s problems are, however, not so seriousand awful as India. No error.

7. Your tone of speaking as well as your friends isreally extremely sarcastic yet we never take itseriously. No error.

8. The Finance minister boasts of improving theeconomic condition of the country’s. No error.

9. The life of the rich is not in many ways aspeaceful as that of the poor’s. No error.

10.The expert mason reported to the owner of thehotel that there was no question of the wall’sfalling down. No error.

11.The officer said that he appreciated his staffscoming on time and co-operating him. No error.

12.As we are told this idea of Mrs. Gandhi’s wastotally valid in the present condition of India. Noerror.

13.The teacher said to us that one ought to workhard in order to attain one goal. No error.

14.Being sure of his success he told his friends thathe would never forget even his enemies names.No error.

15.The survey gives us much knowledge of thepublic opinion on the matter of terrorism. Noerror.

16.Very few soldiers dared to turn a deaf ear totheir commander’s –in –chief orders. No error.

17.Your son’s in law’s friend is seriously ill and hewants you to see him as soon as possible. Noerror.

18. I have read many plays of Shaw’s who is calledthe Shakespeare of our age. No error.

19.Unfortunately for me the root cause of myfrustration lies in the governments dubiouspolicy. No error.

20.He suggested to me that I should go to thenursery to bring some beautiful summer’sflowers. No error.

21.He came to his wits end when he found that hisyounger brother had slapped his wife. No error.

22. It was India’s past glory that attached a numberof invaders in the remote past. No error.





23.Everybody should be careful to fulfill thesociety’s demands and thereby show hisattachment to it. No error.

24.Everybody’s business is nobody’s business’ saidthe teacher to the students. No error.

25.He told her that he had ever seen her with hismind’s eye. No error.

Expressions with Come

1. The idea came ______ her while she wasreading “Hamlet”.A) to B) about C) before

2. The farmer himself came ______ theintruders.A) before B) along C) after

3. I came ______ Sachin at that big hotel.A) about B) apart C) across

4. The terrible scene of the crime continues tocome ______ to me now and then.A) back B) between C) down

5. The properties will come ______ him on hisfather’s death.A) after B) to C) on

6. Nobody wants to come ______ as a witness ofthe crime.A) over B) forward C) at

7. The Canadian swimmer came ______ first.A) in B) round C) off

8. I wonder why his experiment never came______.A) from B) upon C) off

9. Look how beautiful it is! All the flowers arecoming ______. It’s springtime.A) out B) off C) down

10.He came ______ with a good solution to theproblem.A) apart B) out C) up

11.He was lucky to come ______ without anyscratches.A) through B) under C) by

12.Be careful! It’s really fragile. I don’t want it tocome ______ in your hands.

A) away B) out C) apart

13.Will the stain come ______ if I wash it?A) out B) in C) up

14.His aunt just died so he will come ______ alot of money.A) out B) up C) into

15.The question didn’t come ______ so I washappy.A) up B) in C) down

16.That book will come ______ very useful.A) up B) in C) down

17.She said she would come ______ and visittoday.A) for B) over C) through

Vocabulary Building Exercise – 11

1. dwelling (n)a. home b. place to livec. abode d. all of the above

2. inhabit (v)a. to live outside ofb. to live in front ofc. to live withoutd. to live in

3. opulent (adj)a. demonstrating great wealthb. demonstrating a bad choicec. demonstrating no wealthd. demonstrating a good choice

4. Spartan(adj)a. simple b. basicc. frugal d. all of the above

5. renounce (v)a. to throw up b. to show upc. to drink up d. to give up





Answers:Cloze Test – BDCBB

Parajumble - Edacbf

Double Fillers – CCC

Grammar

1. somebody else’s2. the roof of the building3. remove ‘s from John4. No Error5. Son’s raising6. India’s7. your friend’s8. Remove ‘s from country’s9. remove ‘s from poor’s10. the falling down of the wall11. staff’s coming12. Remove ‘s from Mr Gandhi’s13. one’s goal14. enemies’ names15. No Error – Public opinion is acceptable andused without ‘s16. commander-in-chief’s17. remove ‘s from son18. remove ‘s from shaw19. Government’s dubious policy20. No Error – Summer’s flowers is exceptionand right21. wits’ end – idiomatic use like at a stone’sthrow22. No Error 23. No Error 24. No Error 25. NoError

Phrasal Verb Answers:

1-A 2-C 3-C 4-A 5-B 6-B 7-A 8-C 9-A 10-C 11-A12-C 13-A 14-C 15-A 16-B 17-B

Vocab Building Exercise 11

1.d 2.d 3.a 4.d 5.d





24th AugustCloze Test -

Which Indian state sounds more likely to repaya loan: Bihar, the country’s poorest, with abudget ______(1)_____(excess) of nearly 6% of itsstate GDP last year and a hole in its financesafter it ______(2)_____(increased) alcohol sales;or Gujarat, a relatively prosperous coastal regionwith a deficit nearer to 2%? According to bondmarkets at least, both are equally good credits,and so pay the same interest rate. As welcomeas such mispricing might be to the Bihariauthorities, it is _____(3)____(steering) troublefor the rest of the Indian economy. Theborrowing _____(4)____(tactics) of Bihar,Gujarat, and India’s 27 other states used to bebelow the radar of all but the pointiest financialeggheads. The indebtedness of India, and itsannual budget deficits—both high by emerging-market standards—could largely be blamed onthe ______(5)______ of the central government inDelhi. But an explosion in the net amountsborrowed by states over the past decade, from154bn rupees in 2006 ($3.5bn then) to anestimated 3.9trn in the fiscal year just ended($60.4bn now), means they now require nearlyas much _____(6)____(sharing) as the centre. Theshift in financial gravity from Delhi to the statesis fraught with problems. For one, there is adata _____(7)____(center): state-budgetdocuments are compiled, if at all, by centralauthorities after over a year’s______(8)_____(advance).

1. (a) estimate (b) outlay (c) revenue(d) deficit (e) No Change

2. (a) allowed (b) declined (c) banned(d) sold (e) No Change

3. (a) in (b) for (c) brewing(d) daring (e) No Change

4. (a) power (b) quota (c) habits(d) plan (e) No Change

5. (a) profligacy (b) intricacy (c) delicacy(d) intimacy (e) No Change

6. (a) fighting (b) caring (c) funding(d) foreign currency (e) No change

7. (a) redundancy (b) limited (c) vacuum(d) play (e) No Change

8. (a) delay (b) profit (c) loss(d) gains (e) No Change

Parajumble

A. “But I want it to be modern GDP, GDP thatcomes without pollution.”

B. On their smartphones, they share images ofthe heavy-eyed man with an easy smile,quoting his words and cheering him on.

C. Rarely has a Chinese city boss had more fansthan Li Dakang, the earnest, drivenCommunist Party chief of Jingzhou.

D. Over the past month tens of millions havetuned in to watch him strive to fulfil thesepromises.

E. His policies have even been immortalised in amusical tribute, “The GDP Song”.

F. “I want development, I want speed and Iwant GDP,” he recently intoned.

Double Fillers:

1. If you will not do your work of your own ______, Ihave no choice but to ________ you if it is notdone on time.

a) Predilection, helpb) Coercion, distractc) Excursion, punishd) volition, penalizee) infusion, cause

2. After ___________ in the sink for several days, thedirty, food-encrusted dishes became ______.

a) Sitting, malodorousb) Letting, prevalentc) Putting, imposingd) Setting, perforatede) Keeping, emphatic

3. Gagan soon discovered the source of the ______smell in the room: a week-old tuna sandwichthat one of the children had ________ in thecloset.

a) Quaint, forgottenb) Fastidious, lostc) Clandestine, keptd) Laconic, lefte) Fetid, hidden





The gene is out of the bottleIf a genetic test could tell whether you are atincreased risk of getting cancer or Alzheimer’s,would you take it? As such tests become moreaccessible, more and more people are saying“yes”. The insurance industry faces a fewheadaches as a result.

Once used only for medical reasons,basic predictive genetic tests can now be orderedonline for a few hundred dollars. One company,23andMe, in California, has collected some4,000 litres of sputum since 2007, enlightening2m people on their ancestry, health risks andwhat they may pass on to offspring. In April itreceived regulatory approval to screen for riskfactors connected to ten diseases and geneticconditions, including late-onset Alzheimer’s andParkinson’s. The ruling could open thefloodgates for others to sell direct to consumers.

“Information is power”, argue many whotake such tests. But insurers fear that withoutequal access to such information, they will loseout to savvy customers. Consumer groups, onthe other hand, fear that if underwriters didhave access to such information, people with“bad” genes might find themselves unfairlyexcluded from cover. Either way, the scientificadvances could well disrupt insurancesignificantly.

Unlike diagnostic genetic tests, predictiveones are conducted on people withoutsymptoms.

Tests might influence financial as well asmedical decisions. A person at in-creased risk ofdying young may want to buy life insurance.Someone likely to contract cancer may buycancer or critical-illness cover, which pays alump sum upon diagnosis. Because predictivetests—unlike diagnostic ones—often need not bedisclosed, the customer can secure anadvantage over a future insurer.

So underwriters warn that predictivegenetic testing could well lead to adverseselection. The New York Times recently reportedon a woman who bought long-term careinsurance after testing positive for ApoE4, amutation of a gene related to increased risk ofAlzheimer’s. The insurer had tested her memorythree times before issuing the policy, but couldnot know about the genetic result. Robert Green,at Harvard University, found that people toldthey have the mutation were five times more

likely to buy long-term care insurance thanthose without such information.

Asymmetry of information—when thecustomer knows more than the insurer—is theindustry’s nightmare. If predictive tests furtherimprove and become more common while non-disclosure rules stay in place, some insuranceproducts might eventually die out. Eitherinsurers would go belly-up, or premiums wouldbecome prohibitively expensive. Hence, arguesome insurers, if the customer knowssomething relevant about their health, so shouldthe insurer.

But tests might also help insurers.Christoph Nabholz, from Swiss Re, areinsurance giant, is most excited about teststhat spot early signs of cancer or cardiovasculardisease. For life and health insurers, who wantto keep people alive and well, such informationcould be invaluable. Discovery, a South Africanhealth insurer, plans to offer customers a testthat maps part of their genome. The focus is on“actionable data”, where medical intervention orlife-style change could mitigate risk, explainsJonathan Broomberg from Discovery.

This might help people who are alreadyinsured. But it worries those seeking newpolicies, who fear that underwriters may usepredictive information to discriminate. Somemight lose access to insurance. This raisesethical questions about when, if ever, geneticdiscrimination is acceptable. Moreover, since therelative role that genes play in the developmentof diseases is still being studied, some peoplemight be unfairly and wrongly penalised.

Unpredictability rules

So regulations today often protect consumersfrom the mandatory disclosure of predictivetests. But the rules are patchy. In Britain theindustry has agreed to a blanket moratorium,renewable every three years, on using predictivegenetic information. The sole exception isHuntington’s chorea, where a test of one gene isinfallible and has to be disclosed to an insurerfor life cover worth more than £500,000($662,000). In America the Genetic InformationNon-discrimination Act bans health insurers(and employers) from using such results, but issilent on other types of insurance. In severalcountries life insurers may already ask fordisclosure of predictive genetic tests for policiesover a certain value.





But testing is rarely cut-and-dried.Ronnie Klein from the Geneva Association, aninsurance-industry think-tank, says that, unlikeHuntington’s, most illnesses stem from anumber of factors, including life-style andenvironment, and a combination of genes. Forexample, although the ApoE4 allele increasesthe risk of Alzheimer’s, many without it still getthe disease.

Some regulators, such as Germany’s,have outlawed direct-to-consumer tests. Butnothing stops Germans from ordering fromabroad, and, just as it became normal for lifeinsurers to ask for family history, so insurerswill surely eventually have access to relevantgenetic information. The question will be whatthey are allowed to do with it. When blood testsfor AIDS first appeared, insurers also frettedabout adverse selection. Many jurisdictionsruled they could not be used for calculatinghealth premiums, as these were a basic good,but could be used for life policies. As genetictesting spreads, society and insurers may facemany similar difficult assessments.

Difficult words

Screen (v) – to examine people for diseaseStem from sth(v) – to be the result of sthFret (v) – to be worriedMitigate (v) – to reduce

Summary Of the Article

- Now it’s possible to predict the health of aperson related to some diseases.

- Insurance companies will be atdisadvantage if they are not shared theinfo.

- Patient will be at disadvantage if theinsurance companies know the future ofhis health.

- Regulators must protect the rights ofindividuals.

Daily Vocab – The Hindu Editorial – 24th Aug

Prolong – ल बा खींचना - to make sth last longerAnxiety – चतंा - the state of feeling worriedPeremptory – आदेशपूण - to be obeyed withoutquestionVolte face – प प रवतन - a complete change ofopinion,Ordinance - अ यादेश - order

Take a dim view – अ वीकार करना - to disapproveof sth/sbManoeuvre – चालबाजी करना - to control,manipulateEarmark - allocateStrike down – to decide that sth is illegalFlip side – other sideFiasco – disaster

Expressions with Down1. To be hit by a car or bus is the same as to be

______ down.A) cooled B) marked C) knocked

2. To reduce the amount you do something isthe same as to ______down.A) cut B) tear C) fall

3. To fail to do something when someone isrelying on you is the same as to ______ downsomeone.A) let B) quieten C) sit

4. To let something become less hot is the sameas to let it ______down.A) lie B) cool C) tone

5. If it is raining very heavily, it is the same asto ______ down rain.A) pour B) cut C) tear

6. To have a lot of stress is similar to being______ down by a lot of problems.A) poured B) cut C) weighted

7. To pass things from father to son is the sameas to ______ down from generation togeneration.A) calm B) hand C) climb

8. To relax from stress is the same as to ______down.A) wind B) lie C) let

9. To write a note is the same as to ______down something.A) jot B) scale C) tie

10.To make something appear less serious thanit is the same as to______ down something.A) slam B) set C) play





Common Error – Noun

1. The professor tried (a)/ his best to clear all (b)/their doubts on the subject (c)/ after hislecturing. (d)/ NE

2. There was a huge (a)/ crowded in front (b)/ ofthe actor’s (c)/ house on his birthday. (d)/ NE

3. I like (a)/ the poetries (b)/ of Byron and Shelley.(c)/ NE

4. The manager put forward (a)/ a number ofcriterions (b)/ for the post.(c)/ NE

5. The devastating experiences (a)/ of many warstaught some countries (b)/ the necessary ofpursuing peace (c)/ at the expense of nationalistegos. (d)/ NE

6. The infection which causes (a)/ gums to bleedand teeth to fall out (b)/ results from the build-up of (c)/ a particular bacteria that is commonto most mouths. (d)/ NE

7. In times of crisis, (a)/ the Bhagavad Gita giveslight (b)/ and guide to the mind tortured bydoubt (c)/ and torn by conflict of duties. (d)/ NE

8. Deplete of the Ozone layer (a)/ and thegreenhouse effect (b)/ over two long-term effects(c)/ of air pollution. (d)/ NE

9. The Indian government (a)/ should make surethat (b)/ men and women are (c)/ given equalopportunities. (d)/ NE

10.There are so many filths (a)/ all around (b)/ theplace. (c)/ NE

11.Children enjoy listening to (a)/ ghosts stories(b)/ especially on Halloween night. (c)/ NE

12. I (a)/ have (b)/ many works to do. (c)/ NE13.Mother and I (a)/ generally go to the store (b)/

and pick up food items (c)/ for the charitable.(d)/ NE

14.Mritunjay prefers (a)/ extra (b)/ sugars in (c)/his tea. (d)/ NE

15.All the child playing (a)/ at the beach ran (b)/towards Sam when (c)/ they heard him shout.(d)/ NE

Answers:

Cloze Test – 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. C 8.AParajumble – cfadbeDouble fillers – daePhrasal Verbs - 1-C 2-A 3-A 4-B 5-A 6-C 7-B 8-A9-A 10-C

Answers – Common Error1. (d)- After his lecture2. (b) crowd3. (b) poetry4. (b) a number of criterion5. C. The necessity (noun will be used –

necessary = adjective)6. D. A particular bacterium7. C. And guidance – (guide is verb, guide is

noun also but only when we say tour guide)8. A. Depletion9. No Error10.A. So much filth – (uncountable noun)11.B. Ghost stories ( in compound noun only

the second part is changed into plural)12.C. Much work to do – (work is uncountable

noun – we’ll use much before it13.D. Charity (noun is needed here. Charitable

is adjective14.C. Sugar (sugar is uncountable noun)15.A. All the children (all + Plural Noun)

Correction –On 22nd – Wrong answer for a question wasgiven.

Question is –

The manager of that city branch (a)/ can nothandle it with the help of (b)/ only two personnelas (c)/ business has increased substantially.(d)/ NE

Answer – No Error

Personnel is a plural noun. No need to change it.

Our apologies.

Thank You





25th August

Double Fillers

1. After making ______ remarks to thePresident, the reporter was not ________ toreturn to the White House pressroom.

a) Hospitable, allowedb) itinerant, availablec) enterprising, let itd) chivalrous, acceptede) irreverent, invited

2. With her ______ eyesight, Radha spotted atrio of deer on the hillside and she___________ the speed of her car.

a) Inferior, increasedb) keen, reducedc) impressionable, brought downd) ductile, kept upe) conspiratorial, increased

3. With a(n) ______ grin, the boy quickly slippedthe candy into his pocket without hismother’s ________.

a) Jaundiced, careb) Nefarious, knowledgec) Stereotypical, attentiond) Sentimental, interventione) Impartial, care

Parajumble39

1. There was a hole in it.2. It was last summer.3. Grandfather repaired the roof the same day.4. I lived in the country with my grandparents.5. One day grandfather saw that the roof of the

house was not good.401. He behaved so badly that soon everybody in

London knew him.2. In 1830 there lived a man whose name was

Hooligan.3. Do you know that Hooligan was an English

name?4. When somebody behaves badly people call

him hooligan.5. Thus when somebody behaves badly people

say he is a hooligan.

Cloze Test

Nick Gillard earns a living working as astuntman on films and TV shows but his first__(1)__ of show business was trick-riding circushorses when he was just 12 years old. Fouryears later he got the chance to __(2)__ in hisfirst film. ‘I really enjoyed working on the film,’Nick remembers, ‘so I started asking how I’d__(3)__ becoming a stuntman.’ Nick couldn’t just__(4)__ as a stuntman straight away. First hehad to get __(5)__ by the British Stunt Register,which represents stunt professionals in Britain.To do this he had to reach instructor __(6)__ insix sports including skiing, riding andgymnastics. Since qualifying __(7)__ the age of19, Nick has worked on many movies and hehas doubled for some of the biggest stars inHollywood. Safety and timing are all-importantfor stunt professionals – they plan everythingdown to the __(8)__ detail. ‘We take the utmost__(9)__. It’s not like being an actor where youcan __(10)__ the shot again if it goes wrong. It’sgot to work first time.’ Nick has __(11)__ someterrifyingly dangerous stunts. For one film hejumped across a bridge in a speed boat, and inAlien 3 he was __(12)__ on fire, without air, formore than two minutes. Filming on location__(13)__ him all __(14)__ the world, often formonths __(15)__ a time.1. A) lesson B) experiment C) attempt D) taste2. A) play B) practice C) perform D) show3. A) go on B) go about C) go by D) go for4. A) put up B) establish C) set up D) introduce5. A) applied B) allowed C) agreed D) accepted6. A) line B) level C) measure D) mark7. A) in B) on C) at D) by8. A) tiniest B) lowest C) least D) lightest9. A) caution B) care C) attention D) guard10. A) have B) make C) give D) take11. A) made B) done C) led D) given12. A) put B) caught C) set D) lit13. A) takes B) brings C) flies D) fetches14. A) about B) through C) across D) over15. A) at B) on C) for D) in





Don’t fear the trade deficit

Irrational fears over trade with China or anyother country must be put to rest

Amidst rising political tensions between Indiaand China, trade relations between the twocountries have come under some pressurerecently. India’s trade deficit with China, whichstands at over $50 billion, has been projected bymany on the Indian side as an economic evilthat needs to be curbed by all means. To thisend, they have demanded heavy tariffs and banson Chinese imports. The trade deficit withChina, in effect, is seen as a loss to India and again to the Chinese economy. So, naturally,steps to curb it are seen as justified.

Union Commerce and Industry Minister NirmalaSitharaman, for instance, held talks with herChinese counterpart earlier this monthdemanding greater access for Indian goods tothe Chinese market. While the idea ofunrestricted cross-border trade sounds great,the focus of her talks was on trimming the tradedeficit rather than promoting free trade. Suchfear of the trade deficit, however, makes verylittle economic sense. This is because, contraryto popular belief, the prevalence of a tradedeficit, or a trade surplus for that matter, saysnothing about whether a country benefits orloses out from trade. In fact, since free tradebetween countries happens on a voluntary basis,where individuals try to improve their lives, it isalways beneficial to all sides. This is also thefundamental logic behind the overwhelmingsupport for free trade among economists.

To make things simple, the balance of tradereflects how an economy earns its foreignexchange, and how it decides to spend itsubsequently. Take the case of India’s tradedeficit with China. India earns Chinese yuansprimarily from Chinese investors who seek toinvest in assets in the country. At the sametime, India uses these yuans that it receivesfrom Chinese investors mostly to purchaseChinese goods, rather than to invest them inChinese assets. This preference among Indiansfor Chinese goods rather than assets, combinedwith Chinese preference for Indian assets rather

than goods, is what causes India to suffer atrade deficit. If Indians had a greater preferencefor Chinese assets, and the Chinese had agreater preference for Indian goods, the situationwould reverse and India would enjoy a tradesurplus instead. The trade deficit is thus amirror image of a capital surplus, which isformed by the relatively larger inflow of Chinesecapital into India than vice versa.

As one can see, quite obviously, there is verylittle that is wrong with this state of affairs. Aman who sells his assets to his fellowcountrymen to purchase goods from them, forinstance, would suffer a trade deficit and acapital surplus with the rest of the country. Veryfew would argue that the man suffers a loss fromthe trade, while the rest of country gains from it.The same logic holds true when it comes to tradebetween countries as well. It is high timeirrational fears over trade with China, or anyother country, are put to rest once and for all.

Difficult Words

Irrational – not using clear thoughtDeficit – the amount by which money spent orowed is greater than money earned in aparticular timeEvil – bad and cruelCurbed- to control or limit sth, checkTariff – fixed prices by a companyBan – prohibit, to say officially that sth is notallowedCounterpart – opposite numberTrim – to make sth smallerContrary – against sthPrevalence - widespreadSurplus – excess, glut, redundantOverwhelming – very great or very strongSubsequently – laterAsset – a thing or value especially propertyPreference – a great interestSuffer – badly affected





Expressions with Get1. The manager failed to get his ideas ______ to

the employees.A) across B) down C) in

2. I don’t think they can easily get ______ fromprison.A) away B) into C) down

3. She is very well-paid, so she can get ______without any help from him.A) about B) over C) by

4. Ok. It’s time to get ______ to business.A) in B) down C) away

5. I hope you don’t get ______ trouble again.A) into B) on C) in

6. The teacher was lucky to get the truth ______of him.A) up B) out C) away

7. Stop getting ______ my nerves!A) on B) at C) down

8. I doubt she’ll ever get ______ her trauma.A) out B) over C) in

9. I can’t get ______ all this work. I need somehelp.A) about B) away C) through

10.What time do you usually get ______?A) on B) up C) about

11.The rumors of his dismissal will soon get______.A) along B) away C) about

12. If you’re in trouble, get ______ to a lawyer.A) by B) on C) in

Phrasal Verbs - 1-A 2-A 3-C 4-B 5-A 6-B 7-A 8-B9-C 10-B 11-C 12-B

Phrasal Verbs with Get

Get across – to be communicated or understoodGet ahead – to make progress

Get along – to leave a placeGet away – to succeed in leaving a placeGet away with sth

- to steal sth and escape- To receive a light punishement- To do sth wrong and not get punished- To manage with less

Get by – to manage to liveGet down to sth – to begin to do sthGet into sth – to be admitted to a school, collegeGet in with sb – to become friendly with sbGet into sth

- To start a career- To start sth- To develop a particular habit- To become interested- To become familiar with sth, to learn

Get on- To be successful in your career- To survive

Get over sth- Overcome

Get around sb – to persuadeGet around sth – to succeedGet through sth – to complete sthGet up – rise

Common Error

1. All our Zonal office (a)/ have receivedinstructions (b)/ to process loan applications(c)/ within thirty days. (d)/ NE

2. The power supplying in (a)/ many states hasbeen (b)/ badly affected because (c)/ of theshortage of coal. (d)/ NE

3. All this financial institution (a)/ should beregistered with (b)/ Reserve Bank of India tomake sure (c)/ that they function properly. (d)/NE

4. Boldness has (a)/ genius, power and (b)/ magicin it along (c)/ with infinite possibility. (d)/ NE

5. On the surfacing (a)/ she presented herself (b)/as someone in supreme (c)/ control of her life.(d)/ NE

6. The government initiated (a)/ various measure(b)/ to raise (c)/ the living standards. (d)/ NE

7. The astronomer (a)/ who predicts the future (b)/has arrived. (c)/ NE





8. Each business activities (a)/ providesemployment (b)/ to people who would (c)/otherwise be unemployed. (d)/ NE

9. Being able to (a)/ remember a lot of informationsis (b)/ not the same as (c)/ being able to think.(d)/ NE

10. It is believed (a)/ that smoking is (b)/ one of thecause of cancer. (c)/ NE

11.Two millions people (a)/ attended the meeting(b)/ held in parade grounds. (c)/ NE

12.They left (a)/ their luggages (b)/ at the railwaystation. (c)/ NE

13.Hari lost (a)/ a hundred rupees not (b)/yesterday. (c)/ NE

14.Speakers after speakers (a)/ came on the stage(b)/ to perform. (c)/ NE

15.My friends are (a)/ not allowed to, (b)/ go outwithout (c)/ their parents’ consenting. (d)/ NE

16.The government has signed (a)/ a memorandumof understanding with (b)/ the company to setup (c)/ a plant in the state. (d)/ NE

17.With inflation at 11 percent (a)/ companies needto come up (b) with innovative ways to (c)/ getcustomers to buy its good. (d)/ NE

18.My father gave me (a)/ a pair of binocular on mybirthday (b)/ NE

19.My friend Bharat (a)/ is one of the best tennisplayer (b)/ in the country. (c)/ NE

20.The cattles (a)/ are grazing (b)/ the fields. (c)/NE

Double Fillers – EBBParajumble – 39 – 24513

40 – 43215Cloze Test – 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C 8.A 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A

Common Error1. A. All our zonal offices2. A. The power supply3. A. All these financial institutions4. D. infinite possibilities5. A. On the surface6. B. Various measures7. A. The astrologer8. A. Each business activity9. B. a lot of information10. C. one of the causes11. A. Two million people12. B their luggage13. B a hundred rupee note14. A. Speaker after Speaker15. D. Parents’ consent16. NO Error17. D. its goods18. B. a pair of binoculars19. B. one of the best tennis players20. A. The cattle





26th AugustCloze Test with adverbs

She put the key in the keyhole as quietly as shecould but she found it __(1)__ as the door wasold and rusty. As she __(2)__ opened the door, itsqueaked __(3)__ on its old hinges. ‘I wish they’doil the thing a bit more _(4)__,’ she muttered toherself __(5)__. She closed the door __(6)__behind her and then tiptoed __(7)__ across theroom. Unfortunately, this time it was thefloorboards that betrayed her as they creaked__(8)__ with every step she took. It had been so__(9)__ since the old house had been built - ithad __(10)__ been about two hundred yearsbefore and for all Helen knew they had __(11)__replaced the original floorboards. Helen’s heartbegan to beat __(12)__. It was one o’clock.Helen’s parents must have gone to bed __(13)__.This was most unusual. Rarely __(14)__ to bedbefore she got home. No sooner had she put herfoot on the first stair __(15)__ she heard amuffled voice call out, ‘Who’s there? Is that you,Helen?1. A) hardly B) easy C) hard D) easily2. A) slowly B) loudly C) careful D) noisy3. A) lightly B) noisily C) softly D) gently4. A) frequent B) oftener C) sooner D) frequently5. A) with angry B) angry C) angrily D) fromanger6. A) shyly B) efficiently C) carefully D) fast7. A) softly B) gentle C) finely D) shortly8. A) aloud B) loud C) loudly D) allowed9. A) along B) long time C) long D) a long time10. A) probably B) certainly C) definitely D) maynot11. A) rarely B) scarcely C) never D) occasionally12. A) fastly B) more faster C) more fast D) faster13. A) early B) more earlier C) the earliest D)more early14. A) they went B) they did goC) they have gone D) did they go15. A) then B) than C) that D) there

Double Fillers

1. Her ______ display of tears at work did notimpress her new boss, who felt she shouldtry to __________ her emotions.

a. Maudlin, controlb. Meritorious, showc. Precarious, expressd. Plausible, statee. Schematic, feel

2. Anil argued, “If you know about a crime butdon’t report it, you are ______ in that crimebecause you allowed it to ___________.”

a. Acquitted, takeb. Steadfast, occurc. Tenuous, take placed. Complicit, happene. nullified, come

3. The authorities, fearing a ______ of theirpower, called for a military state in the hopesof ___________ order.

a. Subversion, restoringb. premonition , creatingc. predilection , makingd. infusion , findinge. inversion, mixing

Parajumble

A. many faced difficulties in the two days priorto the extended deadline of 25 August to paytaxes and file returns for the month of July.

B. Tax practitioners have urged the governmentto grant more time for filing tax returns andinvoices for the month of July,

C. Those seeking credit for taxes paid prior to 1July under the earlier tax regime have timetill 28 August to file GST returns.

D. While many firms managed to file returnswithout any glitch,

E. the first month since the roll-out of the goodsand services tax (GST), as businesses andtraders strive to adjust to the new indirecttax system.

F. By 2 pm on Friday, 2.93 million assesseeshad filed returns on the portal of GSTN, thecompany that processes GST returns, aperson familiar with the development said oncondition of anonymity.

G. However, they have to remit their taxes by 25August, taking into account their eligible taxcredits.





Lessons not learnt: Onswine fluThe high H1N1 flu toll points to a failure toput necessary systems and precautions inplace

The number of influenza A (H1N1) virus casesand deaths reported from across India this yearhas already crossed 19,000 and 900,respectively. These are lower than the 2015 tollof 32,000 cases and 2,000 deaths, but therevived spread is alarming. In the last month orso there has been a sharp increase in thenumber of cases and deaths — over 6,000 and300. Gujarat is the worst-affected, with about250 deaths recorded so far: Rajasthan, Punjaband Maharashtra and Delhi too have been badlyhit. The number of H1N1 cases in the southernStates is also high compared with last year, withTamil Nadu reporting nearly 3,000 cases about amonth ago. According to the Pune-basedNational Institute of Virology, the virus has notundergone any significant mutation and thevirulence has remained nearly unchanged. It hashowever undergone point mutations whichresulted in a new strain — the Michigan strain— replacing the California strain that has beenprevalent since the 2009 pandemic. While bothstrains were co-circulating last year, as persurveillance data only the Michigan strain hasbeen circulating this year. The increasedcaseload and mortality this year compared withlast year could be because pre-existingimmunity through exposure to the Californiastrain is no longer effective, and people aretherefore not immune to the new strain. Moreresearch is needed to fully understand theepidemiology of H1N1 caused by the Michiganstrain, and who may be more vulnerable.

Despite the high numbers, there is no system inplace to release data periodically and frequently.Compare this with the regular updates providedby the U.S. Centers for Disease Control andPrevention, especially during an epidemic. Therehas also been a near-complete failure on thepart of governments to spread awareness aboutprevention strategies. Uptake of influenzavaccination by people, especially by thosebelonging to the high-risk category, has beenextremely poor, with only about 10,000-12,000doses of H1N1 vaccine sold in the last sixmonths by the Pune-based vaccinemanufacturer. Since the 2009 pandemic, H1N1

has become a seasonal flu virus strain in Indiaeven when the temperature soars during thesummer months. Vaccination of health-careworkers and people in high-risk categories is theonly way to reduce the toll. That guidelines forH1N1 vaccination of people belonging to high-risk categories such as pregnant women, veryyoung and old people and those with certainunderlying illnesses were released only lastmonth by the Health Ministry is evidence thatIndia has not learnt any lessons from the 2015H1N1 epidemic. Urgent measures are needed toramp up preparedness in dealing withepidemics.

Difficult Words:

Precaution - सावधानी - protectionRevive – पुनज वत करना - to become strong againAlarming – चतंा - causing worry and fearMutation – बदलाव - change in cellsVirulence – जानलेवा - extremely harmfulPrevalent - या त - commonPandemic – वैि वक - a disease that spreads over awhole country/world

Summary of the Article

The spread of H1N1 virus is alarming Virus has remain unchanged A effective system isn’t in place The uptake of vaccination is also low Urgent action is needed

Immunity – तर ा - body’s ability to avoiddiseaseVulnerable – कमजोर/ असुर त - weak and easilyhurtUptake – the process by which sth is taken intoa body or systemEpidemic – थानीय - local, a large number ofcases in a particular communityRamp up – बढ़ाना - to make sth increase inamount





Common Error1. When I was passing through the forest (a)/ I

happened to see (b)/ a number of deers. (c)/ NE2. The introduction of job-oriented courses (a)/ in

the self-financing colleges (b)/ attract manystudents. (c)/ NE

3. Patience as well as perseverance (a)/ arenecessary (b)/ for success. (c)/ NE

4. In Singapore (a)/ my brother-in-law with his wife(b)/ were present at the function. (c)/ NE

5. He is one of those writers (a)/ who has wonacclaim (b)/ the world over. (c)/ NE

6. The items I liked most (a)/ were the rosewoodcarvings (b)/ and the teak-wood furnitures ofDutch design. (c)/ NE

7. One of my desires (a)/ are to become (b)/ adoctor. (c)/ NE

8. The strain of all (a)/ the difficulties andvexations and anxieties (b)/ are more than hecould bear. (c)/ NE

9. The introduction of tea and coffee (a)/ and suchother beverages (b)/ have not been without someeffect. (c)/ NE

10.Nine tenths (a)/ of the pillar (b) have rottedaway. (c)/ NE

Expressions With give

1. The little boy was forced to give ______ to hisbrother’s wishes.A) in B) for C) down

2. I give ______. This problem is too difficult tosolve.A) down B) away C) up

3. He gave ______ all his fortune to charities.A) down B) away C) up

4. Don’t forget to give my books ______. I needto study for my exams.A) out B) back C) up

5. After a week camping, all our food suppliesgave ______.A) down B) out C) in

6. Remember to give all your papers ______ byMonday morning so that I can grade them.A) in B) up C) out

7. This must be a special type of writing paper,for it gives ______ a very pleasant smell.A) on B) off C) up

8. His time after school was given ______ tosports.A) in B) over C) down

Give sth away – to give sth a gift4. To allow sb to have an advantage5. Betray

Give in – to admit that you have been defeated6. To agree to do sth that you don’t

want to doGive on to – to have a view of sthGive up – to stop trying to do sthGive out – to come to an endGive off sth – to produce sth such as a smell

Answers:Cloze Test - 1-C 2-A 3-B 4-D 5-C 6-C 7-A 8-C9-C 10-A 11-C 12-D 13-A 14-D 15-BDouble Fillers – ADAParajumble - bedacdg

Common Error

1. C. A number of deer2. C. Attracts ( the subject is introduction here.Introduction = singular so we will use ‘s/es’ withthe verb.3. B. is necessary. Patience = singular noun.4. C. was present. My brother-in-law is subject.In case, when a subject is connected with ‘aswell as’, ‘with’, the verb will be according to thenoun before these words.5. B. who have won.6. C. teak-wood furniture7. B. is to become8. C. is more than9. C. has not been10. C. has rotted

Phrasal Verbs –1-A 2-C 3-B 4-B 5-B 6-A7-B 8-B





Sanctum Study Notes28th August

Cloze TestTime is running out for Donald Trump to make______(1)_____(by) his mind about the Irannuclear deal of 2015. Before May 17th PresidentTrump must decide whether to continue BarackObama’s ________(2)_____(expression) ofnuclear-related sanctions—Iran’s reward forconstraining its nuclear programme. If MrTrump does not issue a______(3)____(programme), sanctions will snapback. The other signatories to the deal will seeAmerica as the aggressor. Unless Iran goes on to______(4)____(follow) the deal flagrantly, they willnot follow suit. The chances are that Iran wouldthen slowly crank its programme up again. Thatwould be a terrible ______(5)____(plan). The JointComprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), as thedeal is known, has got Iran to mothball most ofits uranium-enrichment centrifuges andredesign its nuclear reactor at Arak to producemuch less plutonium. Before the JCPOA, Iranwas just a few months away from being able tomake an atom bomb; that has been pushedback to a few years. Mr Trump’s words suggestthat he thinks the agreement is already dead.What Mr Obama saw as his greatest foreign-policy achievement, his successor has branded“one of the worst deals I’ve ever seen”.

1. (a) for (b) up (c) to(d) against (e) No Change

2. (a) action (b) prevention (c) suggestion(d) suspension (e) No Change

3. (a) letter (b) order (c) waiver(d) relax (e) No Change

4. (a) violate (b) vitiate (c) initiate(d) vituperate (e) No change

5. (a) outcome (b) match (c) play(d) sense (e) No Change

6. (a) working (b) dead (c) slow(d) died (e) No Change

Parajumble

A. The process is starkly visible in theshrinkage of the ice that covers the Arcticocean.

B. On current trends, the Arctic ocean will belargely ice-free in summer by 2040.

C. In the past 30 years, the minimum coverageof summer ice has fallen by half; its volumehas fallen by three-quarters.

D. There is no need to pore over records oftemperatures and atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations.

E. Those who doubt the power of human beingsto change Earth’s climate should look to theArctic, and shiver.

Double Fillers

1. It is difficult to believe that _________ 20% on anoutstanding credit card balance isn’t ______!

a. Take, bankruptcyb. Charging, usuryc. Taking, noviced. Fining, kleptomaniae. Interest, flagrancy

2. The ______ weather patterns of the tropicalisland meant tourists had to __________ bothumbrellas and sunglasses.

a. Impertinent, buyb. supplicant , findc. preeminent, packd. illustrative, looke. kaleidoscopic, carry

3. Wedding ceremonies often include the exchangeof ______ rings to _______ the couple’s promisesto each other.

a. Hirsute, idolizeb. Acrimonious, ensurec. Plaintive, proved. Deciduous, takee. Votive, symbolize





That old spark: Nepal PrimeMinister’s visit brings bilateral hope

At a time when the Doklam stand-off hadfocussed attention on Himalayangeopolitics, it was impossible to miss thesignificance of the visit of Nepal’s PrimeMinister Sher Bahadur Deuba to India. Thiswas his first foreign visit as Prime Minister,and it confirmed Kathmandu’s abidinginterest in strong ties with India. Therecovery of bilateral warmth has taken somedoing on both sides. Mr. Deuba is Nepal’s10th Prime Minister in a decade, and itsfourth since its Constitution waspromulgated in 2015. India had mountedstrong opposition to the Constitution withdemands that it be made more inclusive,especially vis-à-vis the Madhesis in theTerai area, sending ties with

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Transcript of Sanctum · 睷眮獡湣瑵浥湧汩獨n 㤹㠲〱㤹㘳†䝯灡氠灵牡Ⱐ䩡楰畲 Sanctum...