A Project Report On

EMPLOYEE WELFARE MEASURES IN

The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mill limited, RAJAHMUNDRY

Submitted In partial fulfillment of the requirements

For the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted By

V.S.N.M.KRISHNA 09B21E0060

Under the esteemed guidance of

Miss.A. RASHIMITA,

Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT Of MBA

KAKINADA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY(Affiliated to JNTU, KAKINADA and Approved by AICTE)

Koranga, East Godavari District.2009-2011

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

KAKINADA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DECLARATION

I, sandhya.ch student of Masters of Business Administration from KAKINADA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY KAKINADA hereby declare that I have completed M.B.A project work on “TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN APPM ” as part of the course requirement .

I further declare that the information presented in this project is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

Place: Kakinada

Date: SANDHYA.CH

Regd.no: 09B21E0047

MBA Class of 2011

INDEXCHAPTER 1

Introduction

Need for the study

Objectives

Methodology

Limitations

CHAPTER II

Company Profile

Industry Profile

CHAPTER III

Theoretical background on Recruitment and Selection

CHAPTER IV

Data Analysis

CHAPTER V

Summary

Findings

suggestions

CHAPTER VI

Annexure

Bibliography

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My heartfelt thanks to Andhra Pradesh Paper Mill Ltd, for giving me an opportunity

to learn and complete my dissertation work. I thank APPM from the bottom of my

heart that has given me a valuable chance to be associated with it.

My special thanks goes to Mis.Rashimita ,Mr.subramanym, Mr.Mohan Krishna(Head

Of The Department) for their cooperation and guidance.

I extend my sincere thanks and gratitude towards K.V.N.Sivaram (DY. General

Manager (P&A)) who has showed confidence in me and assigned me a project.

I am also thankful to Mr. Sukumar (Chief Welfare Officer), Mr. Anand (Welfare

Officer) for paring time for me out of their hectic schedule &given me insight on

various issues. I feel honored to have him a my guide thought my project and always

be grateful for his affection and respect. I am very much indebted for his continuous

support and guidance.

I am thankful to Mr. venkata Ramana (H.R.D), Mr. T. prabhakark Rao (manager

audit) for spending quality time with me explaining the framework and intricacies of

HR department.

NATURE AND SCOPE OF HUMAN RESOURCE

In this era of globalization and liberalization of economy, business practices in the

process of getting modified at a greater speed with the change in the policies and

procedure of government. In this context, business education is also witnessing great

transformation which strikes for excellence to meat global standards so that our new

managers are not only able to feel the pulse of those changes but may also be able to

get them absorbed to do the right things at the right time. Therefore HR plays a very

important force in an organization to achieve its endeavor.

Time and again the supremacy of human element cannot b over emphasized. The

success or failure of an organization depends on people, on human beings on their

talent, on their initiative, on their enterprise, on their ability to lead and coordinate

with others, to work as team. It also depends on the ability of the organization to

motivate them to grater heights.

I have taken my project report topic as” Labour Welfare Measures in Andhra Pradesh

Paper Mill Ltd”. I hope this report will prove to be an indispensable companion for all

those who are concerned and who are any anyway interested in the subject matter of

this report.

This was great experience for me during my training period. I wish you will have an

interesting ride in the page ahead.

The study covers all the statutory welfare measures namely canteens,

washing facilities, resting facilities, dress and storing facilities, sanitary

and drinking water facilities and the non – statutory welfare measures

namely education, housing, cooperatives, transport and recreation.

It also includes a study on issues like grievance handling and working

environment, which also have impact on the overall welfare of the worker.

The study is conducted only on employees of The Andhra Pradesh paper Mills

Limited Unit:CP, which forms the universe of this study

NEED FOR THE STUDY

The industrial progress of any country mostly depends on satisfied work force

and in this welfare has been accepted all over the country. The Royal Commission

employee in its report in 1931 emphasized the need for the employee welfare in

Indian industries. Since then the Government and the employees were making efforts

to provide welfare measures to the workers.

Industrial workers today constitutes functionally a very significant and element of all

countries population. The air employee helps to dig and haul coal from the bowels of

the earth to fetch and refine oil is build dams and reservoirs to lay puppies, canals,

lines and roads. Their employee change the raw material into finished products of

necessity as well as luxury if we withdraw the activity of employee from the various

spheres in which they are engaged looking their functional importance, it is the

responsibility of community to provide for the welfare of the workers for working can

work better more productivity and efficiency only if they are maintained in good

health conditions.

Welfare helps in keeping the morale and motivation of the employees high so as to

retain the employees for longer duration. The welfare measures need not be in

monetary terms only but in any kind/forms. Employee welfare includes monitoring of

working conditions, creation of industrial harmony through infrastructure for health,

industrial relations and insurance against disease, accident and unemployment for the

workers and their families.

Employee welfare entails all those activities of employer which are directed towards

providing the employees with certain facilities and services in addition to wages or

salaries.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The Andhra Pradesh paper Mills Limited has defined its own objectives. They are as follows:

To achieve customer satisfaction through quality up-gradation of product, process and services on continuous basis.

To develop individual goals and commitments for achieving the organizational goals.

To eliminate the wrongful working practices

To have optimum utilization of resources or factors of production to achieve the cost effectiveness.

To motivate and encourage the employees and to utilize the available human resources at their optimum capacity.

To maintain and improve the health and efficiency of the workers ,which may in turn responsible for increasing production

To provide and maintain safety and healthy working conditions in the factory environment.

To maintain strict discipline in the factory premises for sustained growth and development.

METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted to study the welfare amenities of The Andhra

Pradesh Paper Mills has been research oriented. The analyzed information has been

collected from the HRD Officials of the Organization. And, the information collected

from the employees and observations on employees working situations during the

visits to various places of the Organization.

The approach in research of the project is of –

Primary data

Secondary data.

Primary data:

The primary data is applied for getting the required and relevant information

directly from the department heads and in course of the discussion with executives.

Primary data is a collected through questionnaire.

Secondary data

Secondary data was collected through records and files of the administration

building of SAOCIL. The data was collected by taking into consideration 50

employees as sample.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

There are many practical problems while undergoing the study on the project

although the personnel of The APPM limited is very co-operative and helpful.

They are bound by their own rules and regulations. Many times concerned

officers are busy in fulfilling their targets and thereby a detailed data could not

be provided to us. However, the extent possible the information was collected

and incorporated in this project.

It was not exposed to very latest and detailed information about Senior Officer

Salaries and perks of the Mill.

The prejudices and biases of the sample respondents may also act as

hindrances to the study.

Due to shift timings, collecting information from some groups of the

employees has become difficult and not possible.

The Organization has imposed some restrictions on security and thereby not

allowed to some places nearest to the machinery to analyze the situations

under which employees are working.

CHAPTER-II

INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

AND

COMPANY PROFILE

History of industrial complex

1940-first work hops of Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill was put into operation .By the end of the year the mill manufactured 100tons of unbleached pulp and over 140 tons of wrapping paper.

With the beginning of the world war two Arkhangelsk paper mill began manufacturing for the army.

1942-ethyl producing factory was put into operation.

1944- Work hop of foundry concentrates was put into operation.

Annually Arkhangelsk paper mill was awarded with a read banner of Narkombumprom for it excellent work during the war.

1946-baced on the decree of the all-union central council of trade unions and ministry of pulp & paper industry, Arkhangelsk paper mill received the read banner of Narkombumprom in the perpetual tenure for it excellent work during the war II.

During difficult post-war year Arkhangelsk paper mill went on expending its capacities increasing sulphite pulp production and mastering production.

1948-production of rayon pulp began.

1954-one-frame sawmill was put into operation.

1955-Production of the cigarette paper was mastered.

1960-the mill began mastering the technology of producing paper type of superior quality, following the launch of the paper mill.

Simultaneously the workshop for purification of the savage was put into operation.

1961- The first export of wood fiberboards.

1962-production of writing paper and base of photographic paper was mastered.

1963-the copybook workshop was put into operation; the first consignment of the writing paper was exported.

1968-sulphate-board production was built and put into operation. Within a year the mill began exporting container boards.

1972- Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill was awarded with the VDNH(exhibition of the achievement of the nation economy)diploma for development of the light board production technology.

1975-blached Kraft pulp factory was put into operation, the first automatic system of production control started functioning.

Ever since that moment Annually Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill has become the largest enterprise in the country and Europe.

1977-pridium of the USSR enacted village Pervomaisky, the location of APPM, to b renamed in Novodvink.

If the seventies may be considered to be the time of mastering the facilities, then the eighties were the time of reconstruction.

1981-bad of the decree of presidium of the USSR supreme soviet , Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill was awarded with Lenin’s order for its progress in increasing the production and improving the product quality.

1983-the millionth ton of bleached craft pulp was manufactured.

1988-the mill was put on a self-supporting basis.

1992- Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill was turned into joint-stock company.

1994-reconstruction of Arkhangelsk paper mill that resulted in creation of 11 independent affiliate’s .The beginning of crisis.

1996-crisis in the domestic industry , Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill was on the verge of bankruptcy.

1997- Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill was turned into company with nearly 100% private capital. The industry and commercial enterprise “Titan” became the owner of it; foreign investors acquired a considerable number of its stock.

1998- The mills management and the organization structure. It resulted in the establishment of the two public corporations.” Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill”, JSC (production) and “Arkhbum” ,JSC(supply and sales).

2000- the 60-th anniversary of Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill.

2001, October 19-the 25 millionth of pulp ha been cooked since 1940.

2003- Pulp mill holding(Austria) has become the managing company of Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill.

2005- The 65-th anniversary of Arkhangelsk pulp & paper mill .

2007- The construction of new wood-treatment is completed.

PROFILE OF PAPER INDUSTRYDefinition:

Paper may be defined as a mat of cellulosic fibers arranged in crises cross

fashion with hydrogen bonds and other forces. The basic unit of paper is cellulose

fiber.

Means of writing in olden Days:In early days of mankind man used clay tablets, copper plates, Tamar patria,

papyrus etc, for recording his thoughts.

Origin of paper:The first sheet of paper was created in china by Tsai Luno, a court official in

2nd century B.C. by using mulberry and other best fibers along with rags and hum

waste. Then it gradually spread along Mediterranean around 1100 A.D. and there after

to Europe and America.

History:Paper is a commodity, which is important in every day’s life. One of the basic

needs that man felt of is the media for written communication. Paper forms the basic

material for written communication.

Man’s earliest attempt to record human activities was made on stone. A little

later BARK leaves were used. Between 2500 B.C. and 2000 B.C. The manufacturing

of paper was begun from tall reed growing along the NILE called ‘PAPYRUS’.

Chinese invented the actual manufacturing of paper about in 105 A.D.

The first paper mill in the world was started in 1336 A.D. in Germany viewing

the tremendous impact of paper industry, mills started in 1556 in Holland and

Switzerland. Later it was spread to allover the world. Firstly in 1789 chlorine was

used for bleaching of paper. In 1779 Robert incholes the French scientist design the

first paper machine in the world. Presently used paper machine was designed by

‘Lages Diddt and Bratman Doukin’ with their continuous effort. Cultural, specialty,

board, industrial culture-writing, printing, bond, Xerox-bond, strawberry, millboards,

fiberboards, boxboard, duplex board

Indians were using copper and iron plates for the purpose of writing before

paper came into existence. The art of paper making reached India through Arabs.

Some Indian Muslims might have learned it directly when they visited Mongolia. But

the families who learned it also known as ‘KAGZIS’ kept this art a closely guarded

secret.

Nothing can be said about the first paper mill in India. But it is said that

WILLIAM CAREY in 1812 started the first paper mill at Serampur (Srirampur) in

west Bengal with the help of kagzis. In 1832 the first u-dryer type machine was

introduced in India. In 1867 it was transfer to ‘Royal Paper Mills’, BALI near

Calcutta, which was virtually absorbed by Titagraph Paper Mills. There they started

the preparation of pulp from bamboo in 1912. The paper milled named India paper

pulp company was started Naihalt, West Bengal in 1918. Later the remaining mills

started one bye one.

In early 1950’s the total number of paper mills were 17 which has increased to

250 by 1980 and to 406 till date.

The domestic output of paper and paper boards grew from 1, 35,000 metric

tones in 1951 to 15, 00,000 metric tones in 1985.

The number of paper mills in the past with production capacity is given in the

following table.

Year Mills Production

(Tones/Annum)

1950 17 1,35,000

1985 250 15,00,000

1995 350 25,00,000

1997 375 28,00,000

The initial development and growth of paper industry till the late 19 th century

was effected by the shortage of soft wood in the country. But in 1914, the

development of a process based on bamboo lead to rapid growth of domestic industry.

By the end of 60’s the capacity for power production lagged demand and

imports increased to approximately 10% of the domestic demand. Most of the

domestic production was concentrated in the hands of few large mills.

By the late 60’s bamboo as an input to paper industry came under short

supply. Taking this into account, the govt. of India started encouraging small units

based on agro-residue waste paper in the 1970. Fiscal incentives were offered. This

lead to an increase in the number of mills with small capacities.

But from the late 80’s industry started facing an over supply situation with

lower price realization and plant closures. The down trend continued till 1992, when

demand supply situation improved. In 1993, in step with the easing of the world wide

recession in the industry investments started increasing. A booming capital market

also helped in rising money for new capacities. The industry was in a jolly mood up to

1996.

Since 1990 the paper industry in India is following global cycle with periods

of over capacity leading to drop in paper prices, lower capacity utilization and slow in

investments in addition to followed by closure of mills, decrease in demands, supply

gap and then increase in paper prices.

Historical Development:

200 B.C Birth of Paper Concept in China by Tsai Luno.

100 B.C Traces of Authentic Paper making process

1798 Patent issue to Nicholas-Louis Robert for first

Continuous paper machine

1803-1807 A.D Patent issued to four drinier brothers for improved

continuous paper machine

1829 Patents issued to John Dickinson for cylinder paper

machine.

1840 Ground wood pulping method developed.

1854 First manufacture of pulp from wood using soda process.

1867 Patent issued to Benjamin Tilghman for sulphite pulping

process.

1884 Invention of Kraft pulping process by Karl Dahl.

1976 Bi-Sulphite pulping and oxygen delignification of agri

residues.

1984 Oregano-salvo pulping of baggage with recovery.

World wide comparative study of Paper Consumption

Country Per-capita consumption

(Kgs)

U.S.A 289

Canada 251

Germany 205

Switzerland 168

Japan 153

England 135

Israel 79

Singapore 60

U.S.S.R 32

Brazil 26

Egypt 10

China 5

India 3.5

Indonesia 3

Size and Capacity of Indian paper industry:The economic size of paper industry is determined by the availability of raw

material and density of markets, availability of power and transport facilities etc., in

the beginning of first five year plan, there were only 19 paper and paper board mills

with a total annual capacity of 1.39 lakh tones.

There are some units well organized and well equipped with a production

capacity of more than 50,000 tones and units too small with a capacity of 1000 tones.

In India the growth of paper industry after independence is satisfactory under

the guidance of 5 year plans. Its growth is reflected by the fact that from major 17

mills with annual capacity of 1.37 lakh tones in 1951, the industry enlarged to 390

mills with annual capacity of 32.31 lakh tonnes at the end of 7th five year plan.

The following table shows the paper and paper board production in India during the

period of 1951-1994.

YearNo. Of

UnitsInstalled Capacity Net Production

Capacity

Utilization

1951 17 1.4 1.3 96.4

1961 24 4.1 2.6 88.8

1971 57 9.5 7.8 82.3

1981 135 18.2 12.4 68

1990 317 32.31 18.75 58

1991 325 33.04 20.6 62

1992 326 33.65 21.11 63

1993 340 35.51 21.28 60

1994 380 37.90 27.21 60

According to the above table there are 380 units with a installed capacity of

3790 lakh tonnes while the production excluding news print is about 22 lakh tonnes.

The lack of large investment in this industry by the private sector forced the

Government of India to setup the Hindustan paper corporation in the public sector to

give importance to the growth of the industry and to meet the requirements of the near

future with effect from March 1987 paper industry. The preview of MODVAT

scheme. The govt. also helped the paper industry to import wood pulp chips and waste

paper by allowing them under open general license and certain excise duty exception.

During the last few years, Govt. has made efforts to reduce the import of news print

and forced the news papers and magazines to use some of the cultural varieties of

paper manufactured by Indian mills.

Geographical Spread of the Industry

State No. Of Mills Installed Capacity

Andhra Pradesh 22 4,14,550

Assam 2 2,20,500

Bihar 4 25,000

Gujarat 68 9,35,800

Haryana 15 1,49,140

Himachal Pradesh 6 53,200

Jammu & Kashmir 1 5,000

Karnataka 14 3,45,000

Kerala 5 2,15,600

Madhya Pradesh 21 2,90,650

Maharastra 71 10,34,050

Nagaland 1 33,000

Orissa 9 2,70,850

Pondichery 1 9,000

Punjab 37 3,72,162

Rajasthan 7 12,195

Tamil Nadu 31 6,39,750

Uttar Pradesh 73 8,70,780

West Bengal 18 2,22,600

Total 406 61,21,327

Development of Paper Industry in India:According to historic records the first paper mill was setup in the year 1812

A.D. It was only after 1870’s manufacturing of paper gained momentum with the

establishment of “ROYAL BASE PAPER MILL” at Hoogly, which was merged with

Titagarh paper mills. From then onwards the production of paper has been constantly

increasing to meet the ever increasing demand of paper in the country at present about

288 paper mills are in function with overall instilled capacity of 24.50 lakh tonnes out

of this huge amount of production capacity 40% of the production are from small-

scale mills and only two Mills are Giant undertakings.

Only 47 mills have an annual installed capacity of 10,000 tonnes. According

to recent survey, it was quite clear and evident that INDIA is in the back seat when

compared to countries like America, Canada, Sweden and Japan

Industry position:Paper industry is highly fragmented with a capacity of mills ranging from less

than 10 tonnes to 600 tonnes per day. There are around 406 paper mills, which are

producing paper in our country.

The rate of growth of paper industry is around 6% per annum. The overall

installed capacity is around 44 lakh tonnes while the production is around 32.5 lakh

tonnes out of 32.5 lakh tonnes of paper production, 29 lakh tonnes is paper and paper

boards and 3.5 lakh tonnes companies of newsprint.

Raw materials being used by these paper mills around 43% of the production

are dependent on wood 28% is dependent upon agro and the remaining 29% is

dependent upon the waste paper.

By the year 2000 the consumption of paper has increased to 5kgs with an

expected growth rate of 6 to 7 % per annum over the next 5 years. Paper consumption

in India is likely to reach 6.9 million tonnes by 2010. The capacity utilization of the

industry at present is 67%.

Paper Industry in Andhra Pradesh:Andhra Pradesh is one of the most developed states in terms of paper

production. It often provided excellent platform for the development of paper mills.

The state now contains 21 paper mills scattered allover the state. Andhra Pradesh

stands 5th in the number of paper mills it contains. In Andhra Pradesh out of the 21

mills it possesses, 15 mills are functioning quite efficiently and the remaining has

been an exception of work excellence, as they remained closed these days.

Andhra Pradesh is contrast to its fifth position in terms of number of paper

mills stands 2nd in terms of installed capacity. The installed capacity of Andhra

Pradesh is 4.48 lakh tones per annum. The different paper mills situated in Andhra

Pradesh and their installed capacity are clearly mentioned in the table given below:

Name Location Capacity

(M.Tones)

Charminar paper Ltd Medak 3,000

Circar paper mills Ltd. Nellore 10,000

Coastal papers Ltd Kadyam 10,000

Delta paper Ltd Vendra 18,000

Guardian paper Mills Ltd Bammurlu 10,000

Vamsadhara Paper Mills Ltd Srikakulam 7,500

ITC Paper Boards Ltd Bhadrachalam 83,923

Jyothi cellulose Ltd Medak 2,700

Kolleru Paper Mills Ltd Eluru 10,000

Pennar paper Mills Ltd Cuddapah 10,000

Rayalaseema paper mills Kurnool 42,000

Nagarjuna paper mills Ltd Patancheruvu 10,000

Sandeep paper mills Ltd Patancheruvu 4,950

Shree paper mills Ranagampeta 4,000

Sri Lakshmi Saraswati paper Ltd Bodhan 15,500

Surya Chandra paper mills Ltd Mandapeta 6.000

The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Ltd Rajahmundry 1,01,447

Coastal Chemicals Ltd Gauripatnam 16,000

The Sirpur paper mills Ltd Sirpur 71,000

Telangana Paper Mills Ltd Khammam 10,000

From the table it is quite clear that the leading paper mills in terms of

production are:

The APPM Ltd

Sirpur Paper Mills

Sri Rayalaseema paper mills

ITC paper boards Ltd.

The APPM Ltd & ITC paper boards Ltd are considered to be largest operating

mills in the state. The expansion plans of ITC Paper Boards Ltd. will no doubt make

Andhra Pradesh, the leader in production of paper in India.

Industry Scenario:Paper industry supplies various types of paper boards specially paper to a

number of end users. These end users include Govt., education, companies involved

exclusively in packaging, news paper, magazines etc use of paper and paper product

is intimately linked with cultural and economical development of the country.

The demand for paper depends on a number of intangible factors such as

population, national income, growth of literacy and spread of education into distant

parts of the country, standard of living and industrial production.

Products of Indian paper industry are mainly paper and paper boards. These

include glassine papers, grease proof paper, vegetable parchment papers, art card,

cigarette paper, carbon papers, insulation papers, and coated boards, duplex board,

triplex board, straw boards, paper boards, ticket boards, check papers, lottery papers,

Xerox papers, decorative papers, computer stationary etc.,. These different products

are used in different industries like printing of news print, processed foods and

tobacco packing corrugation, carbon making bags, socks industries, textile industries

and many more industries.

Paper Products:The products of paper industry can be broadly classified into two types:

1. Paper and paper board

2. Newspaper

Product Classification Of Indian Paper IndustryIndian Paper Industry

Indian Paper Industry

Every paper mill in India does not produce all products of the Indian paper industry. The

number of mills producing various products is clearly explained below:

Product No. Of Units Open No of Units Closed Total

Board 43 7 50

Cultural 136 41 177

Industrial 165 21 186

Specialty 12 3 15

News PaperPaper &Paper Board

Standard Glassed

Industrial Board Specialty Cultural

Writing Printing Wrapping Packing Straw Bond

Cream move Map litho offset Pasts Craft Mill Micro

Azureliad Photocopier Tea yellow Media Gray Electrical

Cream bid Cover Laminate Base Magmata Linear Brown Tissue

Bond Cool Print Bond APSR Sac Kraft Duplex

file

Airmail

Duplicate Pulp Twist

wrap

It is quite clear from the above table that out of all the different types of

products available in Indian paper industry, industrial paper is most sought after

product and is being produced by large number of paper mills.

Newspaper:Newsprint is a special type of paper used for printing newspapers and

magazines. Though newsprint is a type of paper, very few paper units manufacture

both newsprint and other varieties of paper.

In India there are 4 mills engaged in the production of newspaper 3 of them

situated in south India and one in central India. The four units produce about 2.41

lakh tonnes of newspaper. In order to meet the growing demand for newspaper, 16

letters of intent have been issued for a total capacity of 7.46 lakh tonnes. With the

proliferation of newspapers and magazines over the past two decades, demand for

newspaper production is around 3.4 lakh tonnes per annum. Capacity utilization is

also satisfactory high at over 90% demand for newspaper is estimated to go up from 6

to 7 lakh tonnes in 1990-91 to 10 lakh tones by 2004-05.

The central Govt. raised the foreign exchange allocation for newspaper import

in the financial year of 1988-89 by Rs.95. crore over the above Rs.220 crore already

allocated. This was expected to meet the industry’s full requirement of important

newspaper. The state-trading corporation has been asked to give priority to small and

medium newspapers. The requirement of important newspaper is estimated to be 2.55

lakh tonnes of standard variety and 30,000 tonnes of glazed variety. The per capita

consumption of newspaper in India which is at present at 0.65 kg is expected to

increase to 1.10kg during the current decade a stark contrast to 5.6kg in developed

countries. In the guide lines of industries (1988-89) the industrial ministry has

estimated the demand for newspaper to go up to 6.68lakh TPA and to 8.91 lakh TPA

by the turn of the 2004-05. According to the experts newspapers constituted 70% of

the variable costs of news print.

Employment Opportunities:The main motives that make people run after development of industries is the

employment that these industries provide. The employment in case of paper industries

is better because it employs 25-30 employees directly for production of 1000 tonnes

of annual capacity because, very large number of workers are employed for cutting

trees in forest and other related works. The employment potential based on

agricultural residues is 50-70 per 100 tonnes of annual capacity.

Consumption of Paper in India:The per capita consumption of paper in India is at a low condition since it is a

very poor level is 5 kg at present. This is the lowest level, in Asian continent. The

average paper per capita consumption in Asia is 18kg where as it is only 5 kg in case

of out India. But hopes are alive that Indian per capita consumption is likely to

increase by 6-7% by the end of 2010. This rise in demand is attributed to conditions,

that there is going to be utilization of about 75%. If the above hopes are fulfilled, the

demand is likely to increase to about 32 lakh tonnes per annum, to meet the demand;

the paper industry’s installed capacity is expected to be around 42.5 lakh tonnes.

Consumption of Paper & Paper Boards:

Year Total paper &

Paper Board

Cultural

Paper

Warping

packing

Paper

Boards

Specialty

Paper

1989 1.672 0.877 0.465 0.298 0.372

1990 1.748 0.912 0.493 0.303 0.376

1998 2.184 1.103 0.661 0.389 0.397

2000 2.720 1.334 0.887 0.497 0.420

Waste paper recycling:A careful study of the factors involved in paper production makes it clear that

nature plays a prominent role in paper production. By cutting down trees for a large

amount of paper production can create much impact on the balance in nature. Driven

by strong environmental pressures, Government legislation and customer preferences,

the paper industry worldwide are resorting the recycles fiber for its raw material

needs. Public support for recovery of waste paper needs to be mobilized. Adoption of

technologies in practice else were for processing domestic waste is a pre-requisite to

improve waste paper use. In particular adoption of drinking technology for newsprint

manufacture should be top priority. Recycled fiber is used in printing and writing

purpose as well.

Present Status:In 1974 Govt. of India introduced the paper control order to regulate the prices

and quantities of paper and paper boards with the withdrawal of paper control order,

the industry has received some respite and it hopes to achieve higher profitability by

producing these blends of paper and paper boards which are supported by viable

demand.

A significant turn around has been achieved by a large number of units during

the past two or three years. However, the paper industry put a lot of emitting

conflicting signals during 1992.

The Govt. has taken the following steps to encourage & enhance production of

paper and paperboard in the country.

1. Paper units based on the use of minimum 75% pulp derived form

bagassee, agricultural residues and other non-conventional raw material

have been exempted form industrial licensing subject to locating angle.

2. manufacture of writing and printing paper and unquoted craft paper

containing not less than 75% by weight of pulp made from rice & wheat

straw, jute, bagassee, mixture of two or more pulps of the above

mentioned material is exempted form excise duty.

Types of Raw Materials:Production of paper is mainly dependent on 3 types of raw materials. The

different types of raw materials that are used in production of paper and different

paper products are

1. Wood

2. Agros

3. Waste

Out of different types of raw materials available for production of paper &

paper products in India, agros are most favorably used by the industries. The selection

of raw materials is dependent upon the conditions prevalent in and around the

industry.

External Factors:The external factors that effect the selections of raw materials are those related

to the surroundings the plant possesses. The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Ltd because

of the availability of a lot of forest areas around Rajahmundry where the plant is

located, Andhra Pradesh Paper Mils Ltd has successfully adopted the technology of

paper production where the raw material is wood. By using wood, the mill can reduce

the cost of transportation. Therefore it is quite clear and evident that raw material

selection is purely dependent upon many external factors.

Internal factors are totally dependent upon the type of raw materials used. For

e.g. In case of Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Ltd., where the raw material is wood, it

has to introduce a process called “Crushing Process”, which is essential only in case

the raw material is wood.

Therefore raw material can be a deciding factor for a slot internal factor, such

as production strategies, production technologies and many more other factors.

Out of different types of raw materials available, agro is use by fourteen

companies in Andhra, while only four companies are using wood a their raw material.

The remaining three are using waste as their raw material.

Emphasis On Clear Production:In the recent summit organized by the institute of environment and

development it was decided that the paper industry would lay emphasis on the key

aspect of cleaner production.

Cleaner production is nothing but a continuous application on an integrated

preventive e strategy to improve operations to reduce usage of resources and costs.

The main objective behind this cleaner production is to reduce risks to human and

environment.

Another major aim of using cleaner production methods is to reduce risks to

human and environment and to reduce the amount of energy consumed eliminating

use of toxic materials and also reducing emission of toxic materials. The Govt. also

helped paper industry in importing wood-pulp chips and waste paper by allowing

them wider open general license and certain excise duty exemptions. During the last

few years efforts have been made by the government to reduce the import of

newsprint and force the newspapers and magazines to use some of the cultural

varieties of paper manufactured by indigenous mills. But the newspapers and

magazines have not approved this decision, as it would lower the quality of printing

of presentation.

Price Of Paper:Being a house hold utility, prices of paper production are well controlled.

This controlling is essential because of the e3xtent of the competition in the market.

Prices of paper products are generally restricted or influenced by the restrictive

imported polity 1957. In case of abnormal price deflections government then refers to

Bureau of Industrial Prices and Costs (BICP), to get proper recommendations.

Depending upon these recommendations, govt. plans its actions in order to regulate

the process of paper products.

It is well-known fact the demand for a paper product is very severe and it is

likely to increase over the next few years.

Price Control:

The paper control order, 1974 adversely affected the efforts of developing new

varieties of papers and board and distributed the production of certain stabled

varieties. Under this order, the mills are required to manufacture 30% of their total

output in the form of white printing paper and sell the same to allot at confessional

rate of Rs.2, 750 per tone, which is non-remunerative. However due to poor of take y

the respective consumers, the industry had to carry huge stock of this variety of paper,

accounting 57% of total output. Following the representation made by the industry,

the govt. permitted open marketing

Sales and this concession were available up to the end of 1976. Burt in Nov

1976, the govt. has asked to set up immediately the open market sales as it felt that the

market conditions improved. The industry circles estimate that an excess production

of 40,000 tonnes will be available even in the case of other varieties of paper. The off

take was poor and price dripped by Rs.600 a tone on an average.

Under the paper control order 1979, promulgated with printing paper but also

brought its distribution under control. Hindustan Paper Corporation arrange for the

supply of paper bulk consumers publisher and printers. The latest control on the

paper industry has followed sharp increase in the price of common varieties of writing

& printing paper. These were reports of trade charging premises over & above the

listed price of most common varieties of paper.

Even the white printing paper that was under control was often found to be

sold in the open markets at rates much higher than stipulated.

Under the paper control order 1979, promulgated on June 30 1979 the

exfactory price of white printing cream covers paper was fixed at Rs.3000 per tone

and Rs.3875 per tone respectively. This order also empowered the union government

to issue directions to the manufacturer regarding disposal of their stocks of both these

varieties on the term and conditions specified by the government. Thus under the

latest control order, the government not only increased the price of white printing

paper but also brought its distribution under control.

Problem Of Paper Industry: Many environmental issues are associated with the paper industry. The Indian

paper industry is blamed for using too much of water& large discharge of colored

effluent, presence of chlorinated by products in the effluent system, odour control ,

acid deposition and stack emission, soiled waste.

The Indian paper industry is blamed for cutting down of trees, which could

create economical imbalance. The Indian government has not taken effective steps in

encouraging the industry to use other sources of raw materials. The govt. on the other

side took steps and decisions to control cutting down of trees. This created a sort of

discontent in paper industry. Innovative plans are in progress to associate sugarcane

mills with the paper mills. This plan has come into existence. So as to avoid extra

pollution being incurred by the paper mills it will be used by the sugarcane mills,

which are associated with them.

Future Prospectus Of The Paper Industry:The industry should be helped to optimize capacity utilization through

renovation& modernization of existing large mills. In this connection, the price fixed

by the govt. for various types of paper

Were unrealistic and did not provide for reasonable returns on capital. As a

result the industry was hard put to plough back funds for expansion and

modernization with the removal of prices and distribution controls on which printing

paper in 1988, paper industry was able to get remunerative price.

One of the most serious problem is facing the paper is the rapid depleting of

fibrous raw materials. Bamboo continues to be the main stay although some success

has been achieved in the use of mixed hard woods baggage and other agricultural

residue. As bamboo cultivation is becoming uneconomical reliance has to be placed

on unconventional raw materials such as hard wood. Paper mills may have to under

take plantation, forests in their surrounding areas.

In recent years, the production of paper & paperboard has recorded moderate

but steady progress. India is now self sufficient in the product9on of most varieties of

paper & paperboard. Only certain varieties of paper & paperboard are being

imported. However a majority of paper mills still use out-dated technology

machinery.

To help the industry, the govt, has taken various measures, which include

excise rebate to small units, abolition of custom duty on the import of paper grade

pulp & wood chips removal of statutory control over production.

Price & distribution of white printing paper & providing infrastructural

support, by way of increased allocation of coal & wagons.

COMPANY PROFILE

The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited:The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited situated on the bank of river

Godavari is one of the oldest and at the same time most modern paper units in the

country today.

The history of the APPM ltd dates back to 1924. In 1921 a retired

Forest officer proposed to set up the paper mill in Rajahmundry before there

was no paper mill in Andhra Pradesh and southern region also. The construction

work was going in 3 years i.e., up to 1924 it started its production with a capacity of 1

tone per day under the name of ‘“CARNATIC PAPER MILL AND COMPANY

LIMITED”. After the independence it came under the state govt. in 1953 and

functioned as “The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited” with 10 tonnes per day

capacity under the reigns of the A.P government during 1956-64. On June 29 th 1964

it saw incorporated as one of the first joint sectors companies under the stewardship of

the Bangur group with its present popular name “The Andhra Pradesh Mills Limited”.

The mills quality system was certified to ISO 9002-1994 international quality

management system standard in December 1988 by M/s DET NORSKE VARITAS

(DNU), NETHERLANDS. A certificating body accredited by the Dutch accreditation

council RAAD VOOR DE ACCREDIATATIE (RUA).

It has celebrated its silver jubilee year in 1989. APPM look forward into the

future with one guiding philosophy “Leadership through Quality”. The mill initially

started a far back as in twenties of this century has a long and required career. It has

changed several hands before it was taken over by the A.P.Govt., in 1956. In June

1964, M/s The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited was formed to take over the unit

with participation of the Andhra Pradesh state government prominent Bangur group

of industrialists and public, perhaps the first joint sector projects in the country.

The first phase of expansion project with large capacity paper machine s was

completed in Oct 1966 and March 1967 raising it annual capacity from 3000 TPA to

18,000 TPA. Since then it has been making rapid strides in its growth by taking up

several expansion projects concurrently and attained the status of one of the biggest

paper mills in the country today with installed capacity of 92,500 TPA. The

company uses 80-85% hard wood and 15-20% bamboo as the fibrous raw materials.

Versatile Kraft pulping process is being adopted in this mill. The company has

produced 84,237 tonnes of paper during 1994-95.

The govt. of India in recognition of the excellent capacity utilization has re-

endorsed the industrial license for the expansion of the capacity up to 1, 46,477 TPA.

The Brief History Of A.P.P.Mills Limited Year Wise:1924 - Carnatic Paper Mills Limited

1929 - The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills & Company

Limited

1937-42 - Taken over by Dayaram & Sons

1942 - Handed over to Apte & Sons

1946-53 - Under Closure

1953 - Handed over to Andhra Govt.

1956-64 - The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited,

Run by State Govt.

1964 - Converted into Joint Stock Company

The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited

Vision StatementAPPM by providing competitive value must emerge as the preferred choice

for repeat purchases by an increasing number of satisfied customers. We should

continue to be environmentally friendly and practice good 'corporate citizenship. "We

will follow a result-oriented style of management, encourage meritocracy and

continuously improve on all parameters of operations thereby producing a profit that

improves the ratio of PBT to turnover year on year.

Environmental PolicyThe Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Limited remains committed to:

Adopting environment friendly and non-polluting processes based on techno

economic viability;

Complying with applicable legal and other requirements, to which the

Company subscribes, related to environmental aspects;

Conserving chemicals, coal, lime stone, power, steam and water;

Improving the competence of employees for effective implementation 'of

environmental management system;

Promoting and propagating social and farm forestry; and

Reviewing environmental performance periodically, for achieving continual

improvement.

Occupational Health And Safety PolicyTo provide and maintain safe and healthy working conditions by continually

improving the work environment with the active cooperation and participation of the

employees at all levels.

Mission StatementTo be a powerful force in the Pulp & Paper industry through:

High level of productivity and excellence;,

Continual improvement in the quality of human resources, products, services

and technology;

Customer satisfaction;

Concern for occupational health & safety, and

Commitment to environmental management.

Quality PolicyTo achieve customer satisfaction by:

Meeting the needs and expectations of the customers;

Continually Improving the quality of our products,, processes and services;

Communicating to appropriate levels within the organization, the need for

continued commitment to quality;

Enhancing the awareness and competence of human resources through

training and development processes, and

Establishing and reviewing our objectives for quality for synergy with overall

business goals;

Acquisition of Coastal Papers Limited: In December 2000, the company acquired 42, 60, 000 3equity shares of

Rs.10/- each of coastal papers limited (CPL) representing 71% of its equity share

capital. With the acquisition, CPL became a subsidiary of the company. The object

of acquisition of CPL by the company was to facilitate synergized operations between

both the companies and also to consolidate its market. Share in the paper industry

with a diversified product range of newsprint.

As the company and the CPL are engaged in the similar line of manufacture, it

was proposed to amalgamate CPL with the company with effect from 1-10-2000. So

that the amalgamation will result in the combined operations being carried on more

advantageously & also economically & efficiently. The BOD’s of the company met

on 31-01-2000 & announced an exchange ration of 1:3 for the amalgamation of CPL

with APPM. The scheme was subsequently approved by the share holders of both

APPM & CPL on 26th March 2001, at the respective meeting of the equity share

holders convened as per the directions of the Hon’ble High court of Andhra Pradesh.

Marketing:In APPM Limited marketing is done only through order only. There is no

open market for their product. Paper enters to the market only through orders placed

by dealers. The organization is having a team of 79 reputed dealers who carry on the

operations of marketing and sales of the paper produced by the organization.

APPM Position In Paper IndustryThe APPM Ltd stands 2nd in the poster paper production using wood as the

basic raw material. It also stands 4th in production of craft paper. APPM Ltd is proud

to occupy 5th place in production of superior craft paper. It also stands 2nd in

production of map litho/offset Printing. It stands 5th in production of cream wave

paper. The mill stands 2nd in pulp board cover production. The mill is happy to

occupy 5th in coated paper & boards production. In regard to export of paper

production from Indian paper industry. APPM Ltd occupies 4 th position. The above

information was based on the information provided by the industry.

AwardsThe company receives May Day award for the year 1999 for the best

management for their outstanding organization towards productivity and harmonious

industrial relations and labour welfare. The company won an award from the

chemicals and allied productions export promotion counsel for outstanding export

performance in the year 1996-97.

The award YAJAMANY RATNA was presented in the year 1994-95 for

maintaining a harmonious relation with the employees of organization.

In 1991-92 company won two awards. One is from commerce and export

promotion department, A.P. as best supporter, and second one is special supported

award from chemicals and allied product export promotion counsel, Calcutta.

The company’s forestation activities were recognized by district

administration as well as state government by awarding “Independence day award”

for social forestry and state level “Vana Mithra Award” for excellent contribution in

the field of forestation.

PowerThe mills fire coal fired boilers and chemicals recovery plant can produce

about 230 TPH of team for power generation at 32 kgs/cm2 pressure and 420C. The

usual steam production is about 110 TPH from coat fired boilers and 45 TPH from

recovery boilers. Coal fired boilers 1 and 2 features DCS, which DCS is being

installed in coat-fired boilers.

Conversion to fluidized bed type boilers allowed the mill to reduce fuel costs,

as this technology can use low-grade coal. This cut cost of steam by 30 Rs/Tonne.

There are three steam turbines to generate power

1) Extraction, back pressure ( 5 MW)

2) Pure condensing ( 5 MW)

3) Double extraction condensing

The mill uses 15.5 MW of captive power and 4 MW from the state grid

captive. Power is cheaper than grid power.

Process water for the mill is drawn from Godavari River.

Talent Management

It refers to conscious deliberate approach undertaken to attract, develop and retain people with the aptitude and abilities to meet current and future organizational needs. It involves individual and organizational development in response to a change and a complex operating environment. The purpose is the belief that manager at deferent stages in their careers need to adopt different roles and responsibilities in order to be affective.

Performance Management System

The PMS module is poomata is used to administering the PMS for management cader employee. The silent feature of this model are:

Annual KRA’S & goal setting. Annual appraisal procs. Promotion process.

Time and Payroll Office

Mainly performs two activities (1) Time keeping activity (2) payroll activity.

Timekeeping consist of-

To keep attendance records. To decide the schedule of shift duties. Punch machines are placed in the entrance to register the attendances of the employees.

There are fifteen working shift-

A1 6:00 AM in the morning to 2:00 PM in the afternoon. A2 5:30 AM in the morning to 1:30 PM in the afternoon. A3 9:00 AM in the morning to 5:00 PM in the evening. A4 8:00 Am in the morning to 4:00 PM in the evening. A5 7:30 Am in the morning to 3:30 PM in the evening. A6 7:00 AM in the morning to 3:00 PM in the evening.

B1 2:00PM in the afternoon to 10:00PM in the night. B2 1:30PM in the afternoon to 9:30PM in the night. B3 10:30PM in the night to 6:30AM in the morning. B4 12:00PM in the afternoon to 8:00PM in the evening.

C1 10;00PM in the night to 6:00AM in the morning. C2 9:30PM in the night to 5:30AM in the morning.

General shift

G1 7:00Am-12:00PM & 1:30PM-4:30PM. G2 8:00AM-12:00PM &1:30PM-5:30PM. G3 6:00AM-11:00am & 1:30PM-5:30PM G4 not applicable now.

The leave provided by the organization

A employee is eligible for week holyday when he completes (2A, 2B, 2C) shifts. For general shifts Sunday is holyday.

Working days 24 day in a month. Shift leaves (SL)-8hrs per day & up to 48 hr per week. In January and July 5days sick leave are given. Worker-9 casual leaves per annum. Staff-10 casual leaves per annum.

Payroll Consists

Wages to the workers. Salaries to employees. Bonus &increments. Loan & facilities.

Hospital

Occupational health center is at the APPM near payroll office. Dr.B.M.Sundaram (M.B.B.S) Is the chief medical officer. And an ambulance is available if the situation gets serious.

Training and development

The training facilities are classified into three broad categories:

Behavioral / Managerial training.

Fictional / Technical training.

Support training(quality circle)

Module design for training program:

To decide the objective of the program.

To decide the design of the objective.

To decide the delivery of the objective.

As APPM is a 24hour production the training I also provided on the work spot.

Post training evaluation:

Reaction level evaluation.

Job behavior level evaluation (transfer of learning)

Punctuality and frictionless remuneration I heart of organization. So responsibility of HR department I increased. Statutory compliance of certain acts is preferred duly and efficiently. Management of APPM is making all the necessary efforts towards statutory complaint o various labour laws, however there I a scope for further improvements.

Future development plans:The following are the future development plans of APPM.

1) Modifications of recovery boilers 2&3.

2) Rebuild of PM 5 to increase speed to 650n/min

3) Orders for film press, infrared drying and six kitchens for manufacture of

coated papers.

4) Cascade evaporates to be removed and economize to be added.

Paper Machines1) ASHA machine 1926/1969 (MG) – MG white color posters pink manila and

deluxe ribbed Kraft & ribbed white poster.

2) AGRAJA machine 1969 (MG) MG white & NS cover/board, coating base,

MG plain and deluxe Kraft, MF stiffener and color cover/board.

3) ANUJA m/c 1962/1988 (MF) – surface sized, writing and printing paper,

coating base paper, Azure laid, copier paper, SS white color orders, and

industrial varieties.

4) ABHA m/c 1965/1988 (YANKEE) - MG white & color poster, pink manila.

5) ANUPAMA m/c 1974/1988 (MF) – cream wove, deluxe map litho, SS

multipoint, coating base paper, dyeline & copier paper.

Organization Of The MillThe entire organization of the paper mill is conveniently divided into two main

parts so as facilitate easy communication in the two parts. The organization of the

APPM Ltd is divided into

Administrative section

The technical or the manufacturing section

The organization is run in a scientific manner as the principle of span of

management is followed. There is part amount of delegation & decentralization

followed in this organization. Most of the decision concerning the department is taken

at the departmental level but when the decision involves huge sums, it should get the

approval of the chief executive or the managing director.

Organization Of The Administration SectionThe deputy chief executive of the company leads the administration section of

the paper mill at Rajahmundry. There are eight assistants namely.

Assistant the deputy chief executive accounts officer

Chief forest officer

Purchase officer

Personnel Manager

General administrative officer

Paper godown incharge

Transport officer incharge

Stores controller

The eight departmental heads have vast powers and they are only responsible

to the deputy chief executive. The sub-heads under each head and enumerated as

follows

Purchase Department – there are 3 officers of the purchase Department located

at Bombay, Hyderabad and Rajahmundry.

Forest – there is forest department in the allocated lands by the government.

Accounts-there are seven departments, which report to chief accounts officer.

Company accounts

Cost accounts

Sales accounts

Cash officer

Time officer

Stores accounts

Internal audit

Personnel Department – the Personnel Manager lead the Personnel

Department and the following Departments report to him.

Time office

Welfare

Establishments

Safety & H.R.M

General administration – it looks after the imports of the company

Paper godown – looks after the stocks of paper

Transport – the transport manager reports to the chief executive and he is

in charge of the transport network in and out of the mills.

Stores – the stores controller leads the stores Department & there are 3

stores Departments.

M.S.P. Stores General stores Chemical store

Organization Of The Technical SectionOrganization of the technical section of the APPM Ltd headed by G.M.

( Technical ) who looks after the complete administration of the operation &

maintenance of the plant.

Under Deputy G.M. (Maintenance) there are 3 chief engineers.

Civil & designing

Power block utilities

Mechanical

All the 3 report to the deputy general manager, the superintendents of the

various maintenance Departments in turn assist these three chief engineers.

Two superintendents assist the Deputy General Manager (process). He looks

after the

Paper machine

Chemical plant

These two superintendents are in turn assisted by Deputy Superintendents of

the various process Departments.

Control laboratory

Research centre

Quality control

Chemical recovery plant

Power house

Work shop

Transport Department

DEPARTMENT CHART

Deputy General Manager (P& A)

(Sri G.KANNA RAO)

Assistant Manager (P & A)

(Sri G.NAGESWARA RAO)

Human Resources Development Department Head

(Sri N.V.S.R. MURTHY)

Incharge (Training & Development) Incharge (ISO & OHSAS)

Sri S.P.N.DORA Sri T.PRABHAKARA RAO

Senior Clerk

(N.V.RAMANA)

Record Keeper

(K.BHASKAR)

Labour And Employee Profile In APPM Ltd organization labour & employees are the

important factor of production. In this organization the total number of employees working in

this organization is about 3000.

Employees

1 Spl. Grade 175

2 Highly Skilled-I 317

3 Highly Skilled-II 236

4 Skilled –I 232

5 Skilled –II 139

6 Semi Skilled-I 123

7 Semi Skilled-II 145

8 Un Skilled 83

9 Others 229

10 Junior Staff 278

11 Senior Staff 361

12 Badli 14

13 Contract 681

Total 3013

Employee Welfare And Social SecurityThe Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Ltd., is provided all welfare facilities to

employees as per factories Act 1948.

They provide statutory & non-statutory facilities.

Washing facilities

Facilities for strong and drying clothing

Facilities for sitting

First aid appliances

Canteen

Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms

The A.P.P.Mills provide canteen facilities to their employees on the basis of

no profit & no loss. The APPM Ltd was given the subsidy nearly 3,00,000/- per

month. These amounts used only for material cost. In 1989 the canteen prices are

decided. Still now there is no change in price. The APPM Ltd has the canteen

committee. The committee consists of 10 members, 5 members from employee side

and 5 members from management side.

Totally 60 members are working in canteen workers 54 & staff 6 members.

Non – Statutory Facilities

Housing

Colony shops

Sports, games, cultural activities

Uniforms

Postal savings

Funeral expenses

Family planning

Cycle stand

Meal carrier

Distribution of sweet packets on birthday

Arranging exercise notebook

Furniture advances (only senior staff)

Arranging of schoolrooms vacant quarters for marriage and other functions

Area maintenance (collect 5 per month)

Screening of film shows

Water coolers.

Process Of PaperThe main constituent of paper is cellulose. It is mainly available in wood,

cotton, and in agro-residues such as biogases, jute Mestas and straw. Cotton though

easily available in the country is too expensive to be used for producing paper.

Processes involved in paper making

Raw material

Pulping

Bleaching

Additives

Removing water

Final product

Raw materials Of Paper IndustryPaper is made up of the following raw materials

Soft wood – like spruce and pine which have a long fibre

Hard wood – short fiber. Not very suitable for papermaking. Gives trouble in

barking & chipping, eucalyptus, acacia

Albizzia & wattle trees are more suitable hard wood trees for papermaking and

do have a very high rate of growth.

Grasses – several types of long grasses like bamboo, sabai grass, sarkanda etc

are used

Straws-in India rice, wheat straw has been reported as suitable for paper

making.

Cotton linters-it’s a seed hair from cotton plant after extracting cotton only

small proportions of raw cotton in form of short fiber linters comes directly to

paper mills.

Cotton rags-this gives more strength in paper or paperboard.

Linen – linen fiber is derived from the baste tissue of the stem of the flax

plant, cultivated extensively in USA, Russia Hungary, France, Belgium &

Ireland

Manila-fiber occurs in the leaves of a plant of the plantain family that growth

in the Philippines islands

Water paper – the demand of waste paper for manufacturing of paper is

increasing every day. Utilization of this would reduce load on demand of fresh

fiber. About 80% of the waste paper is used in the manufacture of paperboard.

Small-scale units depend almost entirely on waste paper as raw material.

PulpingIt is obtained by removing lignin & other impurities from the wood & other

raw materials used by a cooking process (lignin is the glue that holds the fibers of the

wood in the three form). The cooking process requires wood bamboo or other raw

materials chips. The chips are loaded into a digester and cooking liquor is added.

Then by pressure – cooking, the wood bamboo or other fibers are separated from

other unwanted ingredients. Either batch digester or continuous digesters are used in

cooking.

The chips and liquor are mixed as the chips are pumped to the top of the

digester is pressurized to 160 psi and more. As the chip mass passes downward the

cooking liquor penetrates the chip. After about 45 minutes or more as per raw

material the chips have to be passed through the impregnation zone where hot liquor

(340 degree F) is circulated through the chips for heating. The actual pulping occurs

at 355 degree F in about 90 minutes, a period known as the cooking period. After

passing through the cooking zone, the chips (which have not become pulp) are

washed with weak liquor from washing stages that follow

With the chemical process there are 2 types.

Sulphate process (alkaline

process)

Sulphite process (acid process)

Some hard woods may be dissolved with difficulty by the sulphite process on

the other hand, the sulphate process most of the chemicals are recovered and revised.

BleachingAlthough cellulose fiber is white in colour, due to residual lignin traces

remaining on the fibers the pulp appears creamish. Therefore to manufacture white

paper we need to remove yellowness without physically or chemically damaging the

fiber with improvement in various properties. So the main objectives of bleaching the

pulp can be set out as follows.

We can increase brightness of the pulp by removal of modification of some of

the unwanted elements in the unbleached pulp. These deleterious elements are lignin

traces, resins, metal ions, non- cellulose carbohydrates, etc.

Bleaching for brightness improvement should also help to keep the pulp stable

without turning yellow or lose strength or reduce brilliance – due to aging the lower

viscosity of pulp for optimum flow, during subsequent operations.

Bleaching also should help to reduce the fiber bundles shrives and bark

fragments

Bleaching should be done with minimum mechanical action of fibers, while

dissolving lignin and other unwanted residuals.

Bleaching pulp is normally done in a step- wise sequence using different

chemicals and process conditions at each stage with washing in between stages.

AdditivesAdditives are added to paper pulp. Addition of filers like clay & calcium

carbonate is very common & besides acting as fillers, they add brightness to the

paper. These additives must be finely ground. Additives like dyes & pigments are also

added. Other fillers are titanium dioxide, barium sulphate & zinc sulphide.

Removing Water

Removing water is the next important stage. For this the pulp is passed

through a rapidly moving wire mesh called four driner. The objective is to recover 93-

95% of the water in the finished paper.

As the paper flows along the wine mesh & water is drained along. The way, a

dandy roller near the end helps to smooth out the paper; the dandy roller will improve

the formation of the paper web by application f pressure. When the paper reaches the

end of the wire mesh it is transferred to a felt blanket that conveys it through many

stams heated dryers to remove the excess moisture. In the process the paper gets some

glaze like coating also. Then it is made to pass through a series of calendar stacks.

The calendars are series of polished form rollers stacked one on top of the other,

through which the finished paper will pass to smoother down, the next step is

rewinding on a metal or fiber core.

Final ProductThe last stages after this are sheeting, packing & testing.

Paper manufacturing is highly polluting. Discharge of process water contains

toxic pollutants like bark, fibers, wood debris, lignin & other suspended solids. Air

pollution also takes place at the pulping stage with the release of toxic gases

containing oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and the release of nitrogen & carbon oxides

by burning of coal to produce steam.

The setting up of water treatment plants and chemical recovery systems is

economically feasible only for large plants. Therefore with the stricter enforcement

of pollution control norms by the government of India, many small firms are finding it

difficult to continue operations.

The cost of production for small paper mills is higher than that for large mills.

The latter get the benefit of lower energy costs by using co-generation facility,

chemical recycling etc.

The benefit of lower fixed cost (capital cost) per tone of installed capacity for

small paper mills is more than made up by higher variable operating cost. Further

small units are also more polluting.

Flow Diagram Of Paper Making Process

Raw Material

Chipper House Digester house Screening & Washing

Bleaching

Evaporators

Recovery Boilers Steam to

Power block

Causticizing

Lime KilnLime

Stock Preparation

Paper Making

Converting & Finishing

Hypo

Production Vs Sales Performance

Year Production

(in Units)

Sales

(in Units)

2001-02 83,251 83,187

2002-03 79,861 77,742

2003-04 84,330 84,074

2004-05 91,543 93,072

2005-06 94,344 95,281

2006-07 88,745 86,801

2007-08 1,54,322 1,56,967

2008-09 1,49,874 1,46,125

2009-10 1,51,692 1,49,743

SIGNIFICANCE OF WELFARE MEASURES IN ANDHRA PRADESH PAPER MILLS LIMITED

The main purpose of this chapter is to present a comprehensive welfare facilities profile of the workers working the A.P.P.Mills Ltd., welfare work is essential to improve the health and efficiency of the workers, which in turn responsible for increasing production.

The present study covers following aspect related to “Welfare facilities in

the Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Ltd., Rajahmundry” can be divided into the

following.

A. Intramural welfare:

Facilities provided inside the factory area for employees. Intramural welfare

measures can be classified into the following heads.

a. Health, Canteen, House keeping facilities

b. Safety and Accident prevention measures

c. Social Security provisions etc.B. Extra Mural Welfare

Facilities are provided outside the factory for employees which including

various facilities such as

a. Educational facilities

b. Recreational and Transport facilities

c. Housing facilities

d. Medical and other facilities.

It is observed that the management of A.P.P.M.Ltd., has greatly realized the

importance of labour welfare and implementing number of programs in this regard

right from beginning for the benefit of employees.

The management has established separate welfare offices in the mill to

looking the various welfare activities such as wealth and hygiene provision under

the able guidance of personnel manager to its employees, in and outside the mills.

A. INTRAMURAL WELFARE ACTIVITIES:

The A.P.P.Mills Management provided the following intramural welfare

activities for workers and employees.

1. CLEANLINESS:

As required by the section 11 of the Factories Act, 1948. The management

of the A.P.P.Mills taking lots of care for keeping for plant office and surroundings

neat and clear the following stall is entrusted to maintain general cleanliness of the

Mill under control of chief officer and welfare.

2. LATRINES, URINALS AND SPITTONS:

As per the provisions of the Factory Act 1948, the management of A.P.P.

has provided latrines separately for male and female workers in various places of

factory.

As per the rule of 49 of the A.P. Factories Act, 1950 the management has

made arrangements from continues water supply through pipes all latrines and

urinals located in factory.

3. VENTILATION AND LIGHTING:

The management of A.P.P.Mills has made suitable provisions as per the

section 13 of the factories Act, 1948 for the adequate ventilation for circulation of

fresh air and sufficient lighting in every office and department/work floors as per

the standards prescribed by the Govt.

4. CANTEEN

As required by the Factories Act 1948, under the section 46 has provided

the canteen by the management when factories employing more than 250 workers.

A.P.p.Mills has provided a full pledged canteen for the workers as required by the

section 46 of the factory Act.

The Management supplying electricity, steam, fuel, utensils, furniture etc

on free of cost the canteen for its efficient running. The canteen under charge of a

qualified integrate who is associated b one assistance and five supervisors and in

charge. The canteen is running under guidance of the chief welfare office and

personnel manager.

Subsidy:

This organization Management has provided cheaper rates in the Canteen,

by giving subsidy of 50, 00,000/- per "annum. Canteen committee was conducted

meetings in very 4 months

As per requirement of the Factories Act, 1948 the Management has made a

provision for suitable shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms in a factory where

workers more than 150 in a factory. The management of A.P.P.Mill has provided

these facilities with all amenities for the use of workers.

5. UNIFORMS AND SHOES:

The facility has provided by the Management of A.P.P Mills LTD to more

than 85% of the workers in the mill. The mill provides with tight fitting clothes

and Shoes to workers such as fitters, welders, operators, helpers, mechanists,

turners, challis's etc.The A.P.P Mills provide two pairs of terracotta uniforms in every calendar

year our worker and one paid of shoes with socks to all the permanent worker and

Junior members of staff in every year.

6. SAFETY AND ACCIDENTS PREVENTION MEASURE:

The A.P.P.Mills management has established a separate safety department

in the mills. This Department has kept under control of a safety officer who is

assisted by a Assistant safety officer and one clerk. Safety provision as mentioned

in factories Act, 1948 are strictly followed by the management of A.P.P.Mills Ltd.

The management has consisted a safety committee consisting of four

management representatives and four workers representative headed by chairman

who is worker manager of the mills and safety officers and its secretary. This

committee meets periodically and discusses on various safety and accident

prevention co-ordination with other departments to improve upon safety and

prevent accident As per section. 21 of Factories Act Hunching to the machinery

was provided and protection equipment's like helmet, shields, gloves, gum-boots,

masks etc, are provided to the working conditions in A.P.P. Mills. In the

A.P.P .Mills celebrating the safety day in every year on 4 March.

7. FIRST AID APPLIANCES:

As required by the Factories Act, 1948 under section 45 of the

management has provided First Aid boxed in 40 important places of the

factory and filled with dressing cloth, plaster, anti-septic location, burnol,

cotton etc.

8. DRINKING WATER:

Factories Act, 1948 section 18 required that in every factory effective

arrangement are to be made for wholesome drinking water at suitable points for

the convenience of all workers. As; the strength of A.P.P.Mills exceeding more

than 200 the management as canteen, rest hall, all offices and departments for the

supply of cool drinking water.

9. WASHING AND DRYING CLOTHS SITTING FACILITIES

The Management of A P P Mills provided suitable washing facilities

separately for male and female workers in the factory under factories Act,

1948 section 42. And also the management of A.P.P.Mills also provided

cupboards in most of the departments to store the cloth of workers. The

Management also provided suitable sitting facilities with wooden and

metal tools in the every department and security force also. The guards were

provided will stoolstosiatintervals.

10. REMOVING WASTE IN MELIUS PREMISSES:

The Management of A.P.P.Mill made a necessary arrangements to removing

and control of dust and fumes, after and effluents to prevent the adverse effect on

looking health as per the provision of factories Act, 1948. A well laid out drainage

system is existed in the factory as approval by factory inspector. Recently to that

the effluent treatment plant was installed to that the effluent water from impurities

before sending it out.

11. SOCIAL SECURITY PROVISION:

The Management of A.P.P.Mills is implementing various social activities

program of the betterment of its workers and their family members, which can be

broadly divided into two categories.

1. Social Assistance

2. Social Insurance

Workmen compensation, gratuity, Bonus, Production bonus etc- come

under social assistance scheme similarly the employees state insurance provident

fund and family pension can be mentioned under social Insurance

Social Assistance:

Under this scheme employees are not required to contribute any account from

their wages/salaries. The Management of Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills in fully

implementing the Social assistance measures to its employees.

Social Insurance:

ESI SCHEME: The management of A.P.P.MiIls has covered all its

employees who are drawing Rs. 20,000 per annum as and below under this scheme

as per the ESI Act 1948 the workers of A.P.P.MiIls are enjoying all the ESI

benefits of ESI such as

1. Sickness benefit

2. Maternity benefit.

3. Disablement benefit

4. Medical benefit

5. Dependent benefit

6. Funeral benefit.

The Mills has made arrangements to deduct the contribution from the

wages, and salaries of employees and the management also contribution double

amount and depositing the state amount of ESI fund.

In the mills under the personnel department there is a separate ESI section

with the assistance and [he clerks The responsibility of reduction of contribution

towards ESI scheme depositing the same and the correspondence with ESI

authorities is entrusted to this section The- section under the direct control of

personnel officer (time officer). The Management has introduced a group

insurance scheme for employee's drawings more than Rs. 1650/- per month who

are discovered from ESI scheme. They will be paid of them salaries or wage as

medical allowance.

Facilities relating to employment Provident Fund and family Pension.

Scheme:

The Management of A.P.P. Mills has formulated a board of provident fund

trusted in the year 1969. The board consists 3 employees' representatives. All the

employees such as permanent and temporary contract trainee. Badly and casual

who have completed 60 days or 3 months service are eligible to become a member

of the P F Trust. From the eligible employees S% of salary or wage is conducted

towards contribution of the fund. Out of which 05% of deposit to Provident Fund

and 11% is deposited to family pension scheme.

The Management is also contributed an amount equivalent to the employees

contribution towards the provident fund and family pension provident fund and

family pension scheme. The State Bank and postal savings and the interest earned

is credited to the account of the members opportunity. The members were

provided with refundable and nonrefundable loans for such occasions and manage,

House Construction etc.

In addition to the above scheme the group insurance scheme in also is

operation. All member of provident fund are eligible for this scheme if any

employee expires while is in service the legal heirs are eligible to get cash benefit

of Rs 10,500/- under this scheme. The Management has provided a separate office

for operation of the Provident Fund, Family Pension and group insurance scheme.

The provident Fund section is under the control of Accounts department of the

Mills,

B.EXTRA MUAL WELFARE ACTIVITIES:

The extramural Welfare facilities provided outside the factory are voluntary in

nature. The employers are as per their ability to provide the welfare facilities to

the worker and his family outside the voluntary. The Management of A.P.P. Mills

is providing welfare service to its employees and their families with greater

interest than what required by the legislation.

1. EDUCATION FACILITIES:

The Management has started the A.P P. Mills educational and cultural society

in the year 1986 under which it is running school leonine as Model High School

for the children with all amenities such as Library- Laboratory, Fans, Lights,

Water and playground etc. The Main school is located in Mills colony and the

branch school is located at Mills township in Mallayyapeta for the convenience of

the residents of the township. The school giving education from Nursery (LKG) to

10 class(SSC). Employees children are given preference in admission and a little

percentage is given to outsiders.

2. PROFILE OF RECREATION FACILITIES:

The management of A.P.P. Mills has provided various recreational facilities

to its workers. Indoor and outdoor courts are provided for sports and games. It is

sponsoring it employees for various competitions and tournaments Every year the

management is conducting competitions among its employees and member and

their families In games and sports in connection will Republic Day celebration

outdoor games such as Table Tennis. Shuttle. Badminton, Chess etc. and literary

events like essay writing, election and cultural programs such as fancy dresses,

vocal music, instrumental, stage dramas etc., are conducted. Staff elub also

provided by the management with facilities such as reading Rooms, Tennis Court,

Table Tennis, Caroms, etc.

3. CO-OPERT1VE BUILDING SOCIETY:

The management of A.P.P. Mills has started a co-operative building society

in the year 1972 in addition to the residential quarters facility mentioned above

every permanent employee is eligible to become a member in the society. The

society has acquired a land of 21 acres in Ramada's Pet area in Rajahmundry town.

The land is divided into plots and allotted to "its" members The society is making

arrangement to secure loans to its members for construct of house from A.P. co-

operative housing federation is introduced for societies own funds for construction

of house. The management loan to provide housing accommodation slowly to all

its employees.

4. MEDICAL FACILITIES:

Medical consultation rooms are provided by management its calories for

the medical treatment of employee and their member be recognize the importance

of the workers help Ambulance in avoided to shift the patient to hospital

whenever the orders or their family members suffering - from ill health The mills

appointed a lady doctor at Mallayyapet dispensary on part-time The timings of

dispensary is morning 9.00 Am to iO.30 AM evening

6.30 PM it 8 A.M.

5. TRANSPORTATION:

The management of A P.P. Mills is providing vehicles to its managerial

staff whenever required. The company arranged a bus facility to the children of

employees who are going to women's college, scheme school and college BVM

and our model school.

6. CYCLE STAND:

The management has provided 20 sheds in a place attached to the factory to

enable the employees of the mills keep this cycle and scooters at the time of their

duty And another 5 sheds are provided for parking of cycle "and motor cycle.

7. DEATH RELIEF FUND:

The A.P.P.Mills management is generally collecting Rs. 5 from each workment and matching amount will he given by the company. The total amount will be deposited in the company for 3 years in the name if dependents.

8. ASPECTS RELATED TO FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME:

The management of A.P.P.Mills is encouraging its employees and their

families to undergo Vasectomy or Tubectomy operations management is giving

incentives.

CHAPTER III

THEORETICAL FRAME WORK FOR THE CONCEPT

INTRODUCTION

This project I about welfare in The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mill limited

(APPM), Rajahmundry in order to identify the welfare facilities which are

provided to the employees in the organization. The organization follows the rules

as per the Factories Act,1948 and provide welfare facilities accordingly. The aim

of this report is to know how well the organization following the provisions

regarding the welfare facilities.

This report contain five chapters. The topic which the organization

given was “EMPLOYEE WELFARE MEASURES” .As APPM I manufacturing

sector and having more than 1500 workmen and there is every possibility to get

information relating to welfare facilities.

This helps u knowing how to manage the workers by convincing them

with providing the statutory and non-statutory welfare facilities. The report contain

the data which I have collected is through scheduled questionnaire,my observation

and interaction with the worker.

CONCEPT OF LABOR WELFARE:

Welfare is term, which refers to all those conditions of life on the

industrial environment, which influences the well being of the workers. The term

welfare is stated to have been derived from the French phrase “Welfare” that

means fare well.

Labour welfare deals with providing of the opportunities for the workers,

his family and community’s it is vast in its scope and activities, it I difficult to

define the term labour welfare.

The chambers dictionary defines the term welfare as a “state characterized by

happiness, well being or prosperity”. The concept of welfare is necessarily dynamic,

baring and different interpretation from country to country and time to time and even in

the same country, accordingly feeds value system, social institute of industrialization or

general level of social and economic development.

Even within a country its content may be different from region to region in the

Report of labour investigation committee, labour welfare I stated as ‘anything done

For the inter-actual physical and economic betterment of workers”. Whether the

Employees of the government or by other agencies.

Over and above what is laid by law I what is normally expected a part of the

contractual benefits of which the workers may have bargained. According to professor

Murthy the term welfare defines “a state of individual or a group in desirable relation to

the total environment animate and inanimate”.

Labour welfare is the extension of the term welfare and its application to labour. It is true

and labour occupies an important position in every society, but it’s important has not

always received the requisite accreditation and as to remark, “a series of sharply divers

opinion exists for them motives and merits of industrial welfare work”.

“The international labour organization report states that the workers welfare should

be understood” as meaning such services, facilities and emanates which may be

established in the vicinity of under taking to enable the employed in them to

perform their work in healthy, congenial surrounding and provided with emanates

conductive to good health and moral, these includes canteen, recreational facilities,

arrangements to travel to and from the work spot and accommodation of the

workers who are employed at a distance from their home and such other services,

amenities and facilities including social security measures are contributed to improve the

condition under which the workers are employed at a distance from their home and such

other services, amenities and facilities including social security measures are contributed

to improve the conditions and which workers are employed.

According to royal commission on labor in India, the labour welfare bears with

different interpretations in different countries depending upon different social customs,

the degree of industrialization and educational development of the workers.

The field of welfare is so wide that it may include anything and everything for the

well-being of all. Provision of welfare facilities in general means looking after well being

of individuals by improving their living conditions. It consistence of activities, which are

directed towards the betterment of humanity it includes “Everything that brightens the

lives of the people, increases opportunities for health and adds to their joy”.

In the final analysis is the term, Labour welfare includes all activities of

employers, state, trade union and other agencies to help workers and their families to

derive greater satisfaction from life and living by creating them better condition of work

and by the making better home and community life possible. Labour welfare also includes

social welfare provided by the employer to his employees.

SCOPE OF LABOUR WELFARE

Labour Welfare not only covers the work life of the employees but also his

family and community. Any activity of amenity provided considering the well being of

the worker will be included in the scope of labour welfare.

The scope of labour welfare needs to be considered pragmatically and has both

dynamic as well as elasticity. Statutory welfare measures in the industry may seam

from the direct concern for efficiently and productivity but to some extent these

measures are employee oriented. Non-statutory measures are those developed in

response to the needs of the employees working in the organization.

It should:

Contribute to the productivity of labour and efficiently of the enterprises.

Enable worker to live a more satisfactory life.

Be in tune and harmony with similar services obtaining in the neighborhood

community where the enterprises are situated.

Be administratively valuable and essentially development in outlook and

Enhance the standard of living worker by indirectly reducing the burden as

their pursue.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LABOUR WELFARE:

The Evaluation of the concept philosophy of labour welfare has to be

reviewed in its historical perspective and against the background of the successive

stages of industrial revaluation.

Just as the Nineteenth century was characterized by scientific and material

progress in industrial production the Twentieth Century brought in its wake a

realization of the needs and rights of industrial workers as well as a scientific

approach to their welfare problems.

The former exploited the latter through long house of work. Bad and

working conditions, low wages, unsafe machines etc. the employees were treated

as more raw-material but also as human beings. The resulted in poverty,

unemployment and social insecurity, this has to be corrected and men and

machines had to be recognition to worth and dignity of human person. At that

time, a reaction look place in the social minded employees and labour welfare

programs were evolved with the object of looking after the interests of the

nineteenth century Robert Owen openly declared he intended a secure formation of

character in his employees through shor hour or wage and providing churches, medical

facilities and sick benefits.

ORIGIN OF LABOUR WELFARE IN INDIA

The Indian industrial development begins in 60's last century. At that time due to

illiteracy and heterogeneous nature of the industrial worker, they were unorganized and

helpless. They were very new to machines in the hands of the profit motivated

employees they were the tools' and were employed by long hours of work, low

wages, child and women employment was common. For protecting the welfare of

workers in general there was no legislation at that time due to economic depression

and affects of first World War which resulted in discontent and industrial unrest in the

country at that time and to some extent due to the moral pressure brought to bear of

them by the work of the international labour office. The Government has the

employer were promoted to take active attention towards labour and in problems.

CLASSIFICATION OF LABOUR WELFARE

According to Prof. R.C. SAXENA, "Welfare Work' is a comprehensive term and

it embraces the worker, his family and the community, A classified the welfare works into

three categories.

1) Statutory 2) Voluntary and 3) Mutual Welfare

Statutory Welfare:

The Government enacts certain rules to preserve the minimum standards of the

workers, which must be abided by the employers. These enactment's are applicable to the

factory establishments and industrials concerns and are empowered to prescribe the

standards.

Non-Statutory Welfare:

Non-Statutory welfare includes all those activities conductive to the welfare of the

workers, which are undertaken by the employers themselves of their own free will. By

providing free welfare facilities voluntarily, there may not be any conflict and production

will certainly increase some social organization also undertaken this type of work

voluntarily.

Mutual Welfare:

To it is nothing but a corporate enterprise of a worker with a view to improve their

lot in a suitable way, trade unions activities which are conductive the welfare of their

members are include in this category.

Thus, welfare activities can be classified into three categories. The Government,

people, trade union and social organizations administer them.

Need for Labour welfare:

Industrial system of production as to presence organized in full on harmful effects

on workers life and actively hinders his normal well being and legitimate social life

further, worker suffer form handicaps both in their work life and the removal of the

handicaps is apart of the function of labour welfare work strain, physical, mental,

generate boredom and monotony resulting in fatigue and annoy. One can easily find the

plight of the working lot and it does not require many arguments. To demonstrate that the

labour is ill paid and unhealthy conditions. In habits dark and dismal quarters and

recreation. It is all stated by the labour investigation committee that for achieving the

maximum results, however, welfare activities have to be undertaken in the right spirit

mainly with a view to make lives of the workers and healthier.

Committed and contended labour force is not fully developed in India generally

villages draw industrial workers here. They have their families and lands at their places

and maintaining connection with them. Their by they are taking the industrial

employment as secondary occupation due to particularly committed nature of the labour

force.

Many problems like house adjustment to new environment, absenteeism will be

removed from his villages and punished into the burnings and uncongenial environment,

they easily become 'victims of drink, gambling, and other vicious, which tend towards

their demoralization and rein’.

Moreover not only labour force is not organized to greater extent but they are also

illiterate and poor. Due to low income and change size of families, they are not in a

position to meet both ends in these hard days in which the cost of living is higher. If they

live their own fate at this stage, their physical as well as mental health will be spoiled and

ultimately results in poor standards of works. Therefore, welfare administration is

necessary on one hand to counter act their handicaps and on the other hand to provide

opportunities and facilities to promote and develop the workers personalities.

Sufficient leisure time is provided to every worker in modern industrial system.

The workers do not know to utilize time and thereby many of them are restoring to

gambling and prostitution workers attention should be diverted form such vicious by

providing procreating and cultural facilities,

Industry is the lifeblood of the modem nation. Most people, during a greater or less

part of their lives spend at least of their working house at work and if society is to be

healthy, cultural and prosperous, no employer can effort to ignore what may be termed

his social obligations to words workers within his own factory work should not regarded

as an inevitable dedication form the happiness. . .

Hence, the labour welfare put forth a real change in the interest of both employers

and workers as parts of an integral whole and contribute to buildup stable and efficient

labour force, welfare should not be considered whither as a luxury or an appendage, but as an

integral part of the industrial order not be considered whither as a luxury or an appendage,

but as an integral part of the industrial order not merely for economic betterment but also for

educational, culture and social advancement.

Agencies for Welfare Work:

In India at present the sources or agencies that are providing welfare facilities to the

workers are the employers, the trade union and voluntarily organization and also the state.

The employer's role is considered greater than the remaining three agencies in providing

welfare to the workers.

Employer:

The measure taken by the employer in providing labour welfare programs have

been increased only after the Second World War. Although a number of welfare items

are now covered by labour legislation, the employer based on enlightened self-interest

provides many progressive measures.

As per the statutory requirements the employers has to provide some minimum

facilities such as canteen, creche, rest shelters etc., inside the factory.

The other important such as housing, recreation are not statutory required to be

provided, but are left to the discretion and ability of the employers. The employer should

utmost care and interest to provide welfare facilities of certain standard, other wise the

ultimate object of providing welfare programs to the workers will fail.

The Role of the State:

The responsibility of the state with regard to labour welfare has increased

considerable especially in a country like India wedded to the principles of welfare state.

In providing welfare facilities to the worker, the state covers next after welfare of the

employer. The function of the state is usually entails action to insure equality of

opportunity, to allievate suffering and hardship to aid in emergencies and to assist the

workers and their families in meeting major social problem. State is also taking an active

part in contributing to the welfare of the workers through welfare centers established in

important industrial centers. These welfare centers are organizing training programs for

the benefits of the workers and their families, they organized sports, cultural activities

such as music, drums and cinema shows both for adults as well as children apart from

educational, medical and occasional training facilities.

The Role of Trade Union:

Trade unions can also play an important role in providing the labour welfare work.

Improvement in financial position and interest. In the constructive end of the trade union

activities will lead to the successful operation programs. In India, trade unions have not

contributed much too so far, towards for the labour welfare work and this is mainly due

to the conditions under which they developed.

It is expected that as trade union movement gather strength, it will able to raise it's

own funds for welfare activities and branch out more vigorously into the fields of co-

operative organization housing etc.,

There are some unions as the Mazdoorsabha of kanpur and Mils Mazdoor union at

Indore that have realized the necessity of labour welfare work and they are provided

amenities our of the funds collected in the form of subscription.

THE ROLE OF VOLUNTARILY ORGANISATIONS:

Employers associations and trade unions rank among the most important sources

of voluntary services. Industrial welfare work can be drawn on the experience of

independent voluntary agencies for assisting the handicapped visiting the sick

community center, friendly societies and cooperative, adult and workers educational

bodies also center into this picture.

All this indicates that industrial welfare is in many ways, the concern of society as

a whole and that there should be close collaboration between all persons and group

seeking to promote the well being the workers and his family.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR WELFARE:

The aim of welfare services is to meet the real needs of workers. It is also very

necessary that the likes and dislikes of the workers should be assessed before hand.

Management should not simply give what they think is welfare but should consult the

workers and provide, what they also appreciate in which case also alone the welfare

program can be consider successful one basis principle underlying all of them is that

careful examination should be made of the nature and extent of these needs as-to

determine the measures needed. This is obviously important, Yet many welfare schemes

have failed because of insufficient knowledge of the actual needs of the workers

concerned or because of the measures were ill suited to their purpose. The location of the

size of the undertaking the nature of the work progress, the composition of the labour

force and many other factors influence the type of welfare service needed. Another basic

principle is that the tastes, customs and traditions of the workers concerned must be

respected as far as practicable of the welfare measures is to be fully effective. This is

particularly important in view of the direct site of national and local customs and tastes,

though it must be remembered that even those can and do change.

The fundamental principle is that workers should be given absolute

freedom to use or not use the welfare services place at their disposal. This

particularly the amenities, as recreational facilities. Workers have a natural

desire to live their lives in freedom and independence and they resent any

outside interference in their private affairs. Thus in come of facilities

designed to encouraged the use of leisure time, it is essential to avoid

making the worker fell that the under any pressure direct or indirect to use

any amenity.

UNDERLYING MOTIVES OF LABOUR WELFARE:

. The various motives have been at work and different philosophies have prevails in

the field of labour welfare. In the earlier stages, paradoxically enough organized about

has of the resented these welfare provisions because they felt that underlying motives

which induce the employees. The motives are as follows:

The philanthropic theory of labours welfare emphasis the importance of human

values on the dignity of labour and respect for individual. According to this, the worker is

not viewed merely as a human person with feeling, attachments aspirations and

individuals needs of physical psychological and social nature. Its objective is to provide

the worker opportunities for richer and fuller life. If the employees are the need of

particular emanate, the employees feels it and their by provides it is a sympathetic

manner over and behind the provisions laid down in status.

PATERNALISM:

According to the paternalistic theory, to the industrialist holds the total industrial

estate, properties and profits many factors were then operated under the close through

with the worker work life. Community life and family life and were able to understand

their problems easily, these motive was responsibility of social and moral character of

employee.

IMPROVEMENT OF WORKERS EFFICIENCY:

This theory is based on the recognition that from the purely economic stand point,

Welfare services many facilities material progress by raising productively and improving

worker cooperation in production, but the main thesis of the this thought lies in the self

interest of the employee since by better welfare measures higher production is to be

achieved. This proper maintenance of personal leads to greater efficiency results in

increased production.

RIGHT TO WELFARE THEORY:

Now a day, worker has a right to demand employer for equal profits and welfare

facilities in every democratic and industrially advanced country. It is a basis responsible on the

part of employer to provide welfare amenities to these employees.

PUBLIC RELATIONS:

According to the public relation theory of labour welfare, welfare programs by employers are necessary for the creation of good will between labour and Management and between Management and public. Certain Management's are provided to advertise their welfare activities and show. them to know the good work they are doing. Thus, it is possible that the company's image so created will tend to' increase the sale of firm products and also improve industrial relations

Chapter IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Methodology

The methodology adopted is both interactive as well as feed back through a schedule and study the various welfare measures extended by “THE ANDHRA PRADESH PAPER MILL LTD”, Rajahmundry unit like housing, safety, medical, health and education. Hence it can be said that it is descriptive in nature.

TITLE OF THE TOPIC:

The title of the present topic is “EMPLOY WELFARE MEASURES IN ANDHRA PRADESH PAPER MILL LTD”, Rajahmundry unit.

DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPTS:

Any program taken up for well being bring people and generally to improve their quality of life. For the present study, the definition cover’s the provision extended through housing, safety, medical, health and education to the employees an there families in APPM, Rajahmundry.

Labour welfare may be viewed s a total concept, a a social concept and I a relative concept.

The total concept I a desirable state of existence involving the physical, mental and emotional well being. These four elements together consists of the structure of welfare on which its totally is based.

The social concept of welfare implies the welfare of ma- his family and his community. All these aspects are interrelated and work together in the three dimensional approach.

The relative concept of welfare implies that welfare is relative in time and place. It is dynamic and flexible concept and hence its meaning and content differ from time, region, industry and country to country.

Aims & Objectives

The aim or objective of welfare activity is partially humanitarian. To enable workers to enjoy a fuller and richer life and partially Economic – to improve the efficiency of the workers-and also partly civic-to develop among them a sense of responsibility and dignity and thus make them worthy citizens of the nations.

Need for welfare work:

The need for the welfare lies in the fact that the industrial workers today constitute functionally a very significant and important part of country’s population their labour help to dig and soul from the lower of the earth to the fetch to solid done and reservoirs to lay pipes canals, lines of roads. The labour creates a transit power and through various passengers of manufacture pattern raw material onto finished product of necessity as well as luxury. we are getting so much accustomed to multifarious and manifold amenities characteristics of modern way of living and thinking whether in the contests of the term of the factory house of the council hall whether is travel at work or at rest the continuation of civilization appears to depend on the labout of workers. If we withdraw the activities of labour from the various shepherds in which they are engaged. We would perhaps plunges back into the barber stat in which average life was or nasty brutish and short. Civilized life a it is today is possible on account of the coordinated labout of millions of workers working in factories and work shops and other industrial workers play a very useful and important role in the community.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

To know the welfare facilities provided by Andhra Pradesh Paper Mill.

To compare the satisfaction level between the Manager & Labours with the Welfare Facilities

provided by Andhra Pradesh Paper Mill.

To provide some suggestions to improve the satisfaction level of the manager and the labour.

SAMPLE

The survey was conducted in APPM where around 1200 workmen were engaged. Out of total workmen 80 members of workers were taken s random.

DATA COLLECTION:

The questioner were asked among the workers of the various departments.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

The data thus collected through questioner I tabulated and analyzed by using statistical methods such as percentage.

STUDY ON LABOUR WELFARE AND ITS EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY

QUESTIONNAIRE

Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening. I am IV semester MBA student of Kakinada Institute of engineering and Technology (KIET), Korangi. I am doing my project in HR on the topic LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES TOWARDS WELFARE PROGRAMS IN PUBLIC SECTOR UNITS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO YOUR COMPANY. For the completion of the project I kindly request your valuable opinions and suggestions and I expect your co-operation also to fill the questionnaire given below.

All the instructions (or information???) gathered will be kept strictly confidential.

Only aggregate results will be collated and detailed in the report.

Name: Sex:

Age: Marital status:

Field of work: Length of service:

PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: PLEASE TICK

1) How often first aid box with prescribed contents is available?

Every time mostly sometimes only

2) With how much time the injured worker is given treatment? Immediately within 15 mints within ½ hr More than 1 hr

3) How much time it takes to take a heavily injured/ suffering worker to The nearest hospital in case of mishap? Or how readily ambulance available

Immediately within 15 mints within ½ hr

more than 1 hr4) Are the sitting arrangements within the plant and canteen Satisfactory?

Very much Somewhat neutral Not at all

5) How nutritious is the food provided to you? Highly nutritive Some what nutritive Least nutritive

6) How does the food affect your health? Very positively Not really Adversely

7) Are you satisfied with the food/snacks/drinks provided to you at different intervals? To the highest Somewhat higher neutral Somewhat low to the lowest

8) How often you come across grievances regarding food and other facilities? Almost always Often Sometimes rarely never

9) How successful is the canteen managing committee in handling issues related tocanteen?

To a great extent Satisfactory Need improvement

10) How frequently you take rest in between working hours?After every………..

5----15mints 1/2hr-------1hr 2------3hrs 3-----4hrs

11) Do you move out of work place due to suffocation or other disturbance? Yes No

12) Are you satisfied with the drinking water facilities provided? Yes If no, why?_________________________________________

13) Are there sufficient number of latrines and urinals at convenient places? Yes No

14) Which welfare activity is most important for you? Training health and safety other welfare measures.. If yes which___________________________________

15) Are you satisfied with the welfare activities conducted by company? Yes No

16) Are you happy with the trade union activity? Yes No

17) Is the educational allowances provided by the company is satisfactory? Yes No

18) Are the recreational activities arranged by the company is satisfactory? Yes No

19) Are you satisfied with the activities at Dassera and Diwali and other festivals? Yes No

20) What type of grievances affects your performance?

21) Recreational facilities: (Clubs, parks, Community welfare centers)

Very good Good Satisfied Poor

22) Education facilities for employees’ children: Very good Good Satisfied Poor

23) Motivational schemes: (Incentives, rewards, schemes and etc) Very good Good Satisfied Poor

24) Operation group personnel accidents Schemes (G.P.A.S):

Very good Good Satisfied Poor

25) Payment of bonus: Very good Good Satisfied Poor

26) Leave facilities:(EL, HDL, CML&IOD Leave) Very good Good Satisfied Poor

Do you expect any new welfare measures to be introduced in VSP for the improving the quality of work life for the benefit of employees?

Suggestions if any_________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

(Signature of the employee)

CHAPTER IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1) How often first aid box with prescribed contents is available?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Every time 60 75

mostly 20 25

sometimes only 0 0

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Through this I know that every first aid box contains all the items necessary.

2) With how much time the injured worker is given treatment?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Immediately within 15 mints 78 97.5

within ½ hr 02 2.5

More than 1 hr 0 0

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: The injured workers ar immediately given tretement.

3) How much time it takes to take a heavily injured/ suffering worker to The nearest hospital in case of mishap? Or how readily ambulance available

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Immediately within 15 mints 0 0

within ½ hr 62 77.5

more than 1 hr 18

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: The company has a doctor inside the company and if the situation gets serious they can b shifted to the hospital in the available ambulance in the company.

4) Are the sitting arrangements within the plant and canteen Satisfactory?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Very much 37 46.25

Somewhat neutral 30 37.5

Not at all 13 16.25

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Many of them say that they have all the setting facilities but some workers say that thy are mare wok oriented and they do not need any

5) How nutritious is the food provided to you?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Highly nutritive

16 20

Some what nutritive 52 65

Least nutritive 12 15

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: The subsidy system is giving very satisfaction to the employs and most of them are also satisfied with the quality of the food also.

6) How does the food affect your health?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Very positively 23 28.75

Not really 57 71.25

Adversely 0 0

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Most of them think that there are no adverse affect but a very one they prefer food from house.

7) Are you satisfied with the food/snacks/drinks provided to you at different intervals?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

To the highest 72 90

Somewhat higher neu tral 05 6.25

Somewhat low to the lowest 03 3.75

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Most of them have shifts and they ar comfortable with the timing at which they are offered food.

8) How often you come across grievances regarding food and other facilities?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Almost always 00 0

Often 00 0

Sometimes rarely never 80 100

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: They do not have any grievances regarding the canteen food.

9) How successful is the canteen managing committee in handling issues related tocanteen?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

To a great extent 56 70

Satisfactory 24 30

Need improvement 00 00

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation:Tthere a no problem but if some small problems arises then the committee handles them mot efficiently

10) How frequently you take rest in between working hours?After every………..

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

5----15mints 21 26.25

1/2hr-------1hr 52 65

2------3hrs 03 3.75

3-----4hrs 04 5

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: The employees are satisfied but some do not even want the seating facility as their payment I based on how fast they perform, the people in the counting department.

11) Do you move out of work place due to suffocation or other disturbance?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes2 2.5

No 78 97.5

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Literally nobody move out of the work place but some people get out because of the chlorine smell.

12) Are you satisfied with the drinking water facilities provided?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 80 100

If no, why? 0 00

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: The employee are very satisfied with the water facilities some even aid the water is purer than the municipal water available outside.

13) Are there sufficient number of latrines and urinals at convenient places?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 76 95

No 04 5

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Most of them are satisfied with the facilities but some are not at all satisfied

14) Which welfare activity is most important for you?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Training 26 32.5

health and safety 48 60

other welfare measures 06 7.5

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Every welfare activity was important for them but safety was the most preferred.

15) Are you satisfied with the welfare activities conducted by company?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 68 85

No 12 15

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Every body were satisfied but some people thought the if a another pain of shoes are given the it woo be nice.

16) Are you happy with the trade union activity?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 58 72.5

No 22 27.5

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: The trade unions have good relations with the management as well a the workers they are satisfied with the trade unions but some were saying that thy are there for themselves only.

17) Is the educational allowances provided by the company are satisfactory?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 76 95

No 04 05

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Mostly every one is happy with the education allowances that were provided to the meritorious student.

18) Are the recreational activities arranged by the company is satisfactory?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 72 90

No 08 10

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Every one of them are happy but some senior employees are not aware of it.

19) Are you satisfied with the activities at Dassera and Diwali and other festivals?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 52 77.5

No 28 22.5

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: the bonus of the year is given on this occasion, they are satisfied

20) Do the grievances affects your performance?

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 00 00

No 80 100

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Every body have no grievances that effect their work conditions , even if they are there they are solved by the immediate supervisor.

21) Recreational facilities: (Clubs, parks, Community welfare centers)

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Very good 62 77.5

Good 12 15

satisfied 06 7.5

poor 00 00

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Near eighty percent of the employees are satisfied with the recreational facilities provided by the management.

22) Education facilities for employees’ children:

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Very good 76 95

Good 02 2.5

satisfied 01 1.25

poor 01 1.25

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: cool are provided by the management and also money for the merit students in the EMCET exam.

23) Motivational schemes: (Incentives, rewards, schemes and etc)

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Very good 64 80

Good 35 43.75

satisfied 01 1.25

poor 00 00

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: The appraisal system is good in the company.

24) Operation group personnel accidents Schemes (G.P.A.S):

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Very good 80 100

Good 00 00

satisfied 00 00

poor 00 00

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Everybody is satisfied with the accident insurance schemes provided to them.

25) Payment of bonus:

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Very good 55 68.75

Good 25 31.25

satisfied 00 00

poor 00 00

Total 80 100

Graphical Representation:

Interpretation: Bonus is paid early once and employees are satisfied with it.

]

25) Leave facilities:(EL, HDL, CML&IOD Leave)

RESULT RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Very good 12 15

Good 10 12.5

satisfied 50 62.5

poor 08 10

Total 80 100

Interpretation: They were satisfied but asking for more.

CHAPTER V

FINDINGS

The welfare facilities provided to the employ in the organization are adequate.

The workmen are given proper training before entrusting them in new work practices.

The work environment in the organization is provided with proper ventilation, lightining

and temperature.

The employees are co-operative with the management and with union members in the

organization.

The housing facilities provided to the employees are in the mills colony by the

organization.

The organization is running English medium school to provide education facilities to the

children of the employees in the organization.

As the mill is in the city with all the facilities the company is operation only consultancy

dispensaries both in township and mill premises colony.

The organization is taken necessary care whenever warranted regarding ventilation,

circulation etc. in order to provide hygienic working conditions at work place.

The organization conduct various entertainment programs at weekends to employees

and their family members.

SUGGESTIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.theoriginof,com/html

www.rcom.co.in

www.referenceforbusiness.com

www.baselinemag.com

http://industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/employee-welfare.html

www.termpaperwarehouse.com

Human resource management by aswathappa.