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Page 1 TEACHER MANUAL CONTENTS PAGE A Rationale & Introduction to Systematic, Synthetic Phonics Page 2 B Identifying students, grouping, teachers & timetabling Page 3 C Assessment & Progress tracker Page 4 D Programme structure – 3 phase summary Page 5 E Detailed phase overview Page 6 F Itemised resources list for each phase Page 7 G Phase 2 template lesson plan Page 8 H Stepbystep guide to planning a session Page 9 I Session planning sheet Page 10 J Recommended session structure Page 11 K English alphabetic code chart Page 12 L Huddle navigation guide Page 13 M Glossary of terms Page 14 N Frequently Asked Questions Page 15

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 TEACHER  MANUAL  CONTENTS  PAGE  

     

A   Rationale  &  Introduction  to  Systematic,  Synthetic  Phonics   Page  2  

B   Identifying  students,  grouping,  teachers  &  timetabling     Page  3      

C   Assessment  &  Progress  tracker           Page  4  

D   Programme  structure  –  3  phase  summary       Page  5  

E   Detailed  phase  overview             Page  6  

F   Itemised  resources  list  for  each  phase         Page  7  

G   Phase  2  template  lesson  plan           Page  8  

H   Step-­‐by-­‐step  guide  to  planning  a  session       Page  9  

I   Session  planning  sheet             Page  10  

J   Recommended  session  structure         Page  11  

K   English  alphabetic  code  chart           Page  12  

L   Huddle  navigation  guide             Page  13  

M   Glossary  of  terms               Page  14  

N   Frequently  Asked  Questions           Page  15  

             

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       RATIONALE    PiXL  CODE  reading  accuracy  intervention  has  been  designed  in  response  to  the  lack  of  reading  programmes  available  for  older  struggling  readers  who  need  support  in  Key  Stages  3  &  4.      This  course  provides  a  personalised,  systematic  approach  to  learning  to  read,  drawing  on  evidence-­‐informed  methods  to  help  students  retain  knowledge  in  the  long-­‐term.  It  is  diagnostic,  enabling  students  enabling  students,  with  the  continued  support  of  the  teacher,  to  target  areas  that  are  personal  to  them.    SYSTEMATIC  SYNTHETIC  PHONICS  (SSP)    It  is  widely  recognised  that  reading  accuracy  is  best  taught  through  systematic,  synthetic  phonics.  While  this  pedagogical  approach  is  recommended  by  the  government,  it  has  not  been  compulsory  in  recent  years.  As  a  result  of  varied  teaching  methods  between  different  boroughs,  schools  and  even  classrooms  nationwide,  as  well  as  other  contributing  factors  such  as  poor  literacy  in  the  home,  a  slower  processing  speed,  arriving  into  the  UK  with  English  as  an  additional  language  etc.,  some  students  arrive  at  secondary  school  without  a  basic  understanding  of  how  to  read.    The  systematic,  synthetic  phonics  (SSP)  method  advises  that  reading  should  be  taught  explicitly  through  discrete  sounds,  rather  than  whole  words.  The  English  Alphabetic  Code  contains  26  letters,  around  45  sounds  (‘phonemes’)  and  over  150  ways  to  spell  those  sounds  (graphemes).  During  this  programme,  students  will  be  introduced  to  these,  gradually  building  a  ‘toolkit’  over  time  that  will  help  them  to  successfully  decode  familiar  and  unfamiliar  words.    In  contrast,  the  other  two  phonic  approaches  are:  

1. Analytic  Phonics:  emphasis  is  on  the  initial  sound  of  a  word,  with  students  attempting  to  read  the  whole  word  before  learning  each  individual  sound.  Drawback:  attempt  the  first  sound  of  a  word  but  guess  the  rest  –  often  incorrectly,  unhelpful  for  students  with  EAL  

2. Embedded  Phonics:  emphasis  is  on  the  meaning  of  the  word,  taught  in  the  context  of  stories/texts  Drawback:  read  around  the  word  and  attempt  with  contextual  clues  –  words  cannot    be  decoded  in  isolation  

 Benefits  of  the  synthetic  phonics  approach  include:  

• Students  learn  to  blend  sounds  together  when  reading  • Students  learn  to  segment  words  in  order  to  spell  them  • Students  cannot  guess  a  word  based  on  context/images/clues  so  have  no  other    

option  but  to  learn  the  sounds    In  light  of  this  knowledge,  PiXL  CODE  has  been  designed  to  teach  reading  through  a  synthetic  phonics  approach.  

INTRODUCTION  

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IDENTIFYING  STUDENTS      

• This  programme  is  designed  to  target  your  weakest  readers  in  KS3  &  4.  Students  are  identified  through:    a)  baseline  testing  (school’s  own)    b)  a  diagnostic  test  (provided)  

• Students  should  be  selected  for  this  programme  if  they  have  a  standardised  reading  accuracy  score  of  85  or  below.  

• This  standardised  score  of  85  is  one  standard  deviation  below  the  ‘average’  score  of  100  and  so  is  considered  in  the  ‘below  average’  range,  or  even  lower.  

• To  ensure  the  selection  process  is  accurate,  teachers  should  assess  the  reading  accuracy  ability  and  fluency  of  students  on  a  1:1  basis  to  confirm  that  they  believe  students  would  benefit  from  this  programme  (i.e.  as  opposed  to  a  low  score  being  the  result  of  comprehension/range  of  vocabulary).  

 GROUPING    

• Students  should  be  grouped  by  current  reading  accuracy  ability.  Therefore,  where    there  is  more  than  one  group  running,  reading  accuracy  scores  and  fluency  should    be  considered  when  grouping  students.    

• Students  should  work  in  groups  no  larger  than  6  due  to  the  personalised  nature  of  this  programme.  The  ideal  would  be  4  per  group,  although  staffing  must  be  a  consideration.  

 TEACHERS    

• It  is  highly  recommended  that  Teachers  or  Teaching  Assistants  delivering  this  programme  have  teaching  experience  in  SEN/small  intervention  groups.  

• Staff  delivering  PiXL  CODE  will  need  to  dedicate  time  to  thoroughly  reading  the    Teacher  Manual,  as  well  as  exploring  the  training  documents  and  videos  available  before  commencing  the  intervention  with  students.  A  comprehensive  understanding  of  the  programme  is  necessary  in  order  to  deliver  it  well.  

• Teachers  or  Teaching  Assistants  who  lack  confidence  in  their  own  literacy  skills  are  likely  to  have  a  negative  impact  on  students’  learning,  so  it  is  crucial  that  the  right  staff  are  selected  to  deliver  the  programme.  

 TIMETABLING    

• Ideally,  students  should  participate  in  this  intervention  for  1hr  a  day,  4x  a  week.  The  reason  for  this  is  to  ensure  that  information  moves  from  the  working  memory  (sometimes  known  as  the  “short-­‐term”  memory)  into  the  long-­‐term  memory,  and  becomes  secure  over  time.  If  this  is  not  possible,  the  nearest  alternative  is  required.  

• It  is  advisable  to  timetable  sessions  as  the  first  lesson  of  the  day,  preferably  overriding  their  mainstream  subjects.  While  it  is  obviously  not  ideal  for  students  to  miss  core  subjects,  by  prioritising  the  teaching  of  reading  earlier  on  in  the  day,  this  establishes  the  course  as  an  essential  routine  and  prevents  students  becoming  too  tired  to  focus.  

• Where  possible,  the  ideal  scenario  would  be  to  meet  with  relevant  members  of  staff  to  request  that  KS3  core  subjects  are  not  timetabled  for  period  1  of  the  day,  though  there  will  naturally  be  implications  to  overcome  with  this  system.  

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 ASSESSMENT    

• Students  will  have  been  selected  for  this  programme  as  a  result  of  a  baseline  reading  test  and,  where  possible,  a  further  standardised  diagnostic  test,  to  ensure  that  their  area  of  weakness  is  reading  accuracy  rather  than  comprehension.    

• In  between  a  school’s  pre  and  post  standardised  assessments,  formative  phonic  assessments  are  provided  by  PiXL  CODE  (called  the  ‘Sounds  Audit’)  and  will  enable  the  teacher  to  identify  sounds  that  their  students  are  confident  with  and  ones  where  they  still  require  support.  This  is  integral  to  the  individualised  approach  of  this  programme.  

• Once  the  Sounds  Audit  has  been  carried  out  on  a  1:1  basis  by  the  teacher  and  student,  the  teacher  can  then  begin  to  analyse  the  information  prior  to  beginning  the  course.    

• The  Progress  Tracker  has  been  devised  to  enable  teachers  to  track  the  progress  of  students  completing  the  Sounds  Audit  before,  during  and  after  the  intervention.  As  teachers  enter  each  student’s  scores  into  the  cells  on  the  excel  version  of  the  assessment,  final  scores  are  recorded  on  the  last  tab  of  the  workbook,  giving  teachers  the  option  of  an  ‘at  a  glance’  view  of  progress  made.  This  is  an  optional  resource  but  may  be  very  valuable  in  deciding  which  sounds  to  target  first  with  individuals  or  clusters  of  students.    

           

 

   DELIVERY    

The  next  section  of  the  manual  provides  comprehensive  guidance  on  how  to  deliver  the  PiXL  CODE  intervention.      

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Phase   Details  

1:  INTRO  8  sessions  (baseline  assessment  and  initial  sounds  audit)  

Due  to  the  fact  that  students  at  Key  Stage  3  will  have  acquired  different  levels  of  phonic  awareness  at  Key  Stages  1  &  2,  an  initial  assessment  is  required  to  assess  which  sounds  students  have  secured  already  and  which  need  to  be  targeted.  Within  this  phase,  the  basic  alphabet  and  different  spellings  of  the  long  vowel  sounds  are  explored.  It  is  hoped  that,  by  the  end  of  this  phase,  students  will  have  a  stronger  foundation  on  which  to  further  build  in  phase  2.    Session  resources  provided  for  this  phase  include:  an  introduction  to  the  programme;  alphabet  order  tasks;  digraphs,  trigraphs  and  clusters  and  long  vowels.  

2:  PHONIC  AWARENESS  No.  of  sessions  depends  on  student  need/  progress  (interim  sounds  audit)  

During  phase  2,  students  will  begin  exploring  their  own  particular  areas  of  need,  as  identified  in  the  initial  Sounds  Audit  assessment.  This  phase  offers  a  range  of  resources  that  should  be  treated  as  a  menu  of  activities,  employed  to  suit  the  needs  of  each  individual  within  the  intervention  group.      If  there  are  some  sounds  that  are  flagged  on  more  than  one  student’s  Sounds  Audit,  it  may  be  that  the  teacher  decides  to  target  these  as  a  group  to  begin,  until  the  format  of  the  session  is  familiar  to  both  students  and  staff.  It  is  advisable  that  teachers  consult  the  primary  phases  overview  document,  to  understand  the  general  order  of  progression  that  primaries  follow.  Note:  this  order  is  not  obligatory  for  teachers  to  follow,  since  students’  gaps  of  knowledge  will  vary  greatly,  though  may  help  as  a  guide.    Session  resources  provided  for  this  phase  include:  PowerPoints  outlining  all  sound  families  and  their  various  spellings;  reading  passages;  dictation  passages;  word  lists  for  each  spelling  in  the  English  phonic  alphabet;  editable  worksheets;  A5  teaching  cards;  speed  cards;  phonics  games  suggestions  and  additional  materials.    

3:  FLUENCY  Throughout  course,  as  homework  and  on-­‐going  (final  assessment  and  final  sounds  audit)  

Phase  3  is  essential  in  order  for  students  to  consolidate  the  phonic  knowledge  they  learn  during  the  intervention  sessions.  This  phase  highlights  the  importance  of  establishing  a  regular  reading  practice  for  all  students.  This  phase,  while  it  is  listed  after  phase  2,  is  vital  in  offering  students  the  opportunity  to  rehearse  reading  fluency  throughout  the  course,  and  beyond.  Therefore,  appropriate  texts  should  be  decided  in  agreement  with  each  individual  student,  and  reading  should  be  encouraged  as  homework  throughout  the  course.      Greater  investment  from  parents/carers  at  home  in  listening  to  their  child  read  will  result  in  greater  progress.  Therefore,  a  strong  home-­‐school  partnership  with  parents  of  students  on  this  programme  is  highly  recommended.  It  is  in  the  application  of  phonic  awareness  that  students  will  make  the  best,  most  stable  progress  in  the  long-­‐term.      While  this  course  does  not  provide  books  for  this  phase,  recommended  resources  are  listed  in  the  Phase  3  folder  on  Huddle,  in  the  ‘Session  Resources’  section.  

PROGRAMME  PHASE  OVERVIEW  

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RESOURCES  by  Phase    

Phase   Available  Resources  

1  INTRODUCTION  

PowerPoint  slideshows  for:  1.  The  CODE  introduction  incl.  alphabet  basics  and  order  2.  Digraphs,  Trigraphs  and  Clusters  3.  Long  Vowels  Sessions  –  A,  E,  I,  O,  U  Activities  &  worksheets  for  Phase  1  

2  PHONIC  

AWARENESS  

Session  planning  template    PowerPoints  for  each  sound  family  (e.g.  all  spellings  of  ‘j’  sound)  Speed  cards  (quick  recap  cards)  A5  teaching  cards  (for  introducing  a  new  sound/spelling)  Reading  passages  Dictation  passages  Word  lists    Editable  worksheet  templates    Phonic  games  suggestions  and  templates  (PPT  &  PDF)  

3  FLUENCY  

n/a  Texts  selected  by  teacher,  personalised  to  student  interests.  Range  of  genres  and  mediums  (books,  articles,  websites  etc.)  Recommended  sources  listed  on  Huddle  

ASSESSMENT  Sounds  Audit  (teacher  &  student  versions)  PiXL  CODE  Progress  Tracker  Schools  should  carry  out  own  standardised  reading  assessments    

 

RESOURCES  

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HUDDLE  NAVIGATION  GUIDE  

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 5   What  should  I  do  if  I  don’t  recognise  a  spelling  myself,  or  know  how  to  

pronounce  a  particular  sound?    In  the  ‘Training  Videos’  folder  on  Huddle,  you  will  find  a  pronunciation  guide  video,  where  all    sounds  are  pronounced,  with  all  the  possible  spellings  displayed  of  that  particular  sound.  This    can  be  used  as  a  guide  for  teachers  and  teaching  assistants,  but  also  to  be  shown  to  students    if/when  necessary.      6   I  have  read  the  FAQs  but  I  still  have  a  question  regarding  PiXL  CODE.    

How  can  I  find  my  answer?      SUGGESTED  NEXT  STEPS:  

1. Have  you  watched  the  training  videos  available  on  Huddle?  2. Have  you  had  a  refresher  look  at  the  Training  PowerPoint,  also  available  on  Huddle?  3. Contact  the  PiXL  CODE  email  address  with  any  further  queries:  [email protected]  

     

FREQUENTLY  ASKED  QUESTIONS