SAMPLE LESSON PLAN

SAMPLE LESSON PLAN

LENGTH OF COURSE: 4 weeks, now in 4th week

LEVEL OF CLASS:

UPPER-INTERMEDIATE

CLASS SIZE/COMPOSITION: 2 Austrian, 1 Italian, 10 Swiss, 2 German, 1 Luxembourg

AGE RANGE:

17-31

DURATION OF CLASS: 50 minutes

REASONS FOR LEARNING ENGLISH: general wish to communicate effectively and appropriately. Combination of pleasure/jobs or pleasure/studies.

AIMS

To teach:

1. Form of modals can/could/must + have + past participle.

2. To express impossibility/possibility/certainty or near certainty for a Past Event.

3. Pronunciation of contractions needs special attention + practice in this form.

4. Point out the interchangeability of can/could for impossibility in the negative form and how only could can be used in affirmative form to express possibility.

5. To contrast the use of could as above with its use in such questions as What could he have done? in Production SectionIntegration of new form with previous knowledge

ASSUMED KNOWLEDGEThis class has learned:a) can/could for abilityb) must for obligationc) must for certainty in presentd) cant for impossibility in present.

This particular use is completely new to them. They have learnt the present perfect (have + past participle)

LESSON TYPE: Emphasis will be on spoken usage with combined written consolidation.

MATERIALS: Teacher-produced worksheets or pictures for some practices.

PRESENTATION 1.

5 minutes

T.

I found something in the street last night and I took it to the police station. Id like you to guess what it was. Im going to help you: it was one of these things:

a puppy dog

a gold watch

a diamond necklace

write on board

a pair of woolen gloves

an umbrella

1st clue

T. It was very valuable

It cant have been a puppy dog because its not valuable.

It couldve been a gold watch because its valuable.

T. a diamond necklace

S1It couldve been

All Sts repeat

Do all of them in this way. Cross off ones which are not possible.

2nd clue

T.It is worn round the neck

S.It cant have been a gold watch.

S. (helped) It mustve been a diamond necklace.

T. Thats right!

Put Table on board. Fill in after each Presentation. Give out worksheets for students to fill in.

IMPOSSIBILITYPOSSIBILITYCERTAINTY

After

Presentation 1It cant have been a dog.

It couldnt have bee a dog.It could have been a gold watch.

It mightve been

It mayve been It mustve been a necklace.

After

Presentation 2She cant have been careful.

She couldnt have been careful.She couldve been careless

She mightve been careless.She mustve been tired

After

Presentation 3She cant have seen it.

She couldnt have seen it.She couldve seen the film.

She mightve seen the film.She mustve seen the play.

1. Point out contraction and practice

2. Point outcant have

both being possible for IMPOSSIBILITY but not for

couldnt have

POSSIBILITY

PRESENTATION 2

5 minutes

1. T.The necklace had fallen out of a womans bag.

T. (CAREFUL)

T. She cant have been very careful.

T. (CARELESS)

T. She mustve been very careless.

2. T. It was very expensive.

UPSET

S1She mustve been very upset.

3. T.Her husband bought it for her.ANGRY

S1He mustve been very angry.

4. TShe claimed it this morning

RELIEVED

TShe told her husband immediatelyHAPPY

5.T.She gave me 20 reward.

GRATEFUL

Elicit from students.Write it on Table or board.

PRACTICE

1. Deduction Game.

5 minutes

T to S

I share a flat with a girl called Jane. Last night she was out and somebody came to see her. It was one of those people. Can you guess who it is if I describe the person?

Teacher has photo with clues written on it. Give one clue at a time. After each clue hold up pictures one by one, eliciting response until they deduce who it must have been. Repeat if necessary with different persons.

2. Conclusions( on student Worksheet. 5 minutes

Orally first.

Then in PAIRS.

Write in for a few. Finish for Homework.

NBPoint out that form is the same for every person.

Substitution drill:

I cant have been well.

He/She/They/You

I couldve been ill.

He/She/They/You

I mustve been ill.

He/She/They/You

PRESENTATION 3

5 minutes

T. It was Sarahs birthday last week but she didnt receive a card from her boyfriend.

He mustve forgotten / He cant have remembered.

Do you agree?

Any other possibilities?

e.g.sent wrong address

forgotten stamp

T. Peter should be at work at 9.00 am. Now its 9.30 am and hes still not here.

He mustve overslept. / He cant have heard the alarm.

Elicit other possibilities.

e.g. missed the bus / car broken down

Fill in Table or write on board.

PRACTICE

5 minutes

1. Suppositions / Conclusion( on Student Worksheet

a) Look first

b) PAIRS

c) Orally with students

2. Conclusions( on Student Worksheet5 minutes

In groups

Read

Discuss. What conclusions would you draw as the detective. Write a few

Orally whole class.

PRODUCTION

5 minutes

1. Picture of Man who is a Prisoner. He is serving a life sentence.

T. Ask students what they think he could have done.

ELICIT

Could he havestolen a car

been a spy

robbed a bank

hit his boss

killed his wife

parked in wrong place

ELICIT POSSIBILITIES

Tell them that in fact he killed his wife because she had a lover.

How do you think he felt?

Why did he kill her?

He mustve been jealous

e cant have loved his wife.

T. Its a pity hes in jail.

If he hadnt killed his wife, he wouldnt be in jail.

What else could he have done instead?

He couldve talked to his wife / forgiven her / found another woman

Perhaps ROLE PLAY Prisoner (( Psychiatrist

2. ( on Student Worksheet. (Group work)10 minutes

a) Why do you think she did this?

How do you think she felt?

frightened / unhappy / alone / mature / contraceptives

Could she have done something else?

Discuss.kept / adopt

b) unhappy / lonely / bored / terrible

What else could she have done?

c) hated killing

How do you feel about this?

Discuss

Homework

1 minute

Remind to do written HW

Exercises ( and ( on Student worksheet.

Extra-work. If time practice the following functions:

1. DISBELIEF

I won 4,000 on the pools.

I saw a murder last night.

I dropped 20 in the street.

My brother drank 19 pints of beer.

My sister saw 10 monkeys last week

My friend saw a flying saucer last year.

She cant have done that!

2. EXASPERATION

A working wife returns home from her work and finds that her husband who is a house-husband hasnt

a) done the washing

b) done the washing up

c) done the ironing

d) made the beds

e) mown the lawn.

Wife: You couldve done the washing up!

3. SARCASM

1. I didnt pass my exam.

You must have worked really hard!

2. I lost 500 on the horses last year.

You must have been very lucky!

3. I drank 10 pints of beer last night.

You must have been really thirsty!

4. I crashed my car yesterday.

You must have been really happy!STUDENT WORKSHEET

(CONCLUSIONSExample:

a) He fainted.

b) He mustve been very ill. / He cant have been very well.

1.She fell asleep in front of the T.V.

2.He committed suicide.

3. She ran away.

4. They argued all the time.

5. They were in hospital for 6 weeks.

6. He stayed awake all night reading a book.

(SUPPOSITION / CONCLUSIONS1. John arranged to meet Sarah at 8.00 p.m. outside the cinema. Sarah telephoned Johns secretary and asked her to tell him that she couldnt go because she had to work overtime. John went to the cinema and waited for an hour. What do you think happened?

2. The weather forecast said that it was going to rain, but look at Mary. Shes wearing sandals and a summer dress. Why?

3. Rosemarys transistors radio was on when she popped out to the shops but it wasnt on when she got back. What do you think happened?

4. Henry usually beats Andrew at tennis. Last week Andrew easily beat Henry. What do you think?

(CONCLUSIONSThere was a burglary at 10 South Street, Torquay last week. These details were in the police report.

1. The windows were all locked and none of them were broken.

2. There were no fingerprints anywhere.

3. An expensive diamond necklace wasnt stolen.

4. Nobody in the house woke up.

5. They took very heavy, expensive, antique furniture.

6. 1,000 was taken from the safe.What do you think the detective concluded?

(DISCUSSION TOPICS

1. A young 16 year-old girl became pregnant. She had an abortion.

2. An old woman wanted to die because she was old and lonely. Her daughter provided the sleeping pills for her suicide.

3. In every war some men refuse to fight because they do not believe in killing. During the Vietnam War many young Americans refused to fight.

IMPOSSIBILITYIMPOSSIBILITYIMPOSSIBILITY

POSSIBILITYPOSSIBILITYPOSSIBILITY

CERTAINTYCERTAINTYCERTAINTY