Sambar Deer
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Transcript of Sambar Deer
The sambar (Rusa unicolor) is a large deer native to the Indian Subcontinent,
Sambar have a small but dense mane, which tends to be more prominent in males
The tail is relatively long for deer, and is generally black above with a whitish underside
Sambar have lived for up to 28 years in captivity, although it is unlikely that they often survive more than twelve years in the wild
Young male grows antlers at age 2
TAXONOMY
Kingdom : AnimaliaPhylum : ChordataClass : MammaliaOrder : ArtiodactylaFamily : CervidaeSubfamily: CervinaeGenus : CervusSpecies : UnicolorScientific name : Rusa unicolor (Kerr, 1792) New : Cervus unicolor
DISTRIBUTION
India, Sri Lanka, Nepal , South east Asia Africa Introduced to Australia, New Zealand , USA
HABITAT
Open jungles and Grasslands Prefer forested hill-sides near
cultivation Adapt itself to wide variety of
environmental condition In India mainly temperate
forests Prefer water source nearby
FOREST TYPES
Sambar are found in habitats ranging from tropical seasonal forests (tropical dry forests and seasonal moist evergreen forests),
subtropical mixed forests (conifers, broadleaf deciduous, and broadleaf evergreen tree species) to tropical rainforests
FACTS
Coat color : brown with chestnut marks Shoulder height : 130-170 cms Weight : 225-320 kg Life span : 20-25 years(captivity) Age at maturity-male : 4 yrs -female : 2-3 yrs Gestation period : 240 days Litter size : 1 Breeding season : Nov-Dec
Delicious food to Tiger , Asiatic lion
IUCN red data list : Vulnerable The major threats are Habitat
encroachment and Hunting Body temp : 102 F Pulse : 60-80/minute Respiratory rate : 12-20/minute
BEHAVIOR Nocturnal or crepuscular Form small herd of up to 6 individuals Amazing sense of hearing and smell When alarmed all adults screams a
high pitched sound- “pooking” or “belling”
Common communication- Scent making, Foot stamping
Marking by antlers and spraying urine directly in his own face with a highly mobile penis
REPRODUCTION Male becomes solitary ,aggressive and
establishes a territory Polygynous in nature Females moving around breeding
territories seeking male to court Courtship based on tending bonds Gestation probably lasts around eight
months Fawn stays with the mother 1 year
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR Sambar mate and reproduce year-
round, sambar calving peaks seasonally. Estrus lasts around eighteen days. The male establishes a territory from
which he attracts nearby females, but he does not establish a harem.
The male stomps the ground, creating a bare patch, and often wallows in the mud, perhaps to accentuate the colour of his hair
Large dominant stags will defend non-exclusive territories surrounded by several smaller males
When sparring with rival males, sambar lock antlers and push, like other deer, but, uniquely, they also sometimes stand on their hind legs and clash downward into each other
Courtship is based more on tending bonds rather than males vocally advertising themselves.
Females moving widely among breeding territories seeking males to court.
When mounting, males do not clasp females. The front legs of the male hang loosely and intromission takes the form of a "copulatory jump".
The young begin to take solid food at 5 to 14 days, and begin to ruminate after one month.
FOOD HABITS
Feeding habit depends on season, habitat and location
Browse leaves,grasses,herbs Fruits and bamboo buds
DISEASES
Rabies,FMD,HS Tuberculosis,Anthrax,Tetanus,CBPP Salmonellosis,colibacillosis,leptospirosis Dermatophytosis,candidiasis Trypanosomiasis,Sarcocystitis,filariasis Major causes of death-Traumatic
injury, respiratory infection, GIT infection, dystocia
MANAGEMENT IN ZOO
Feeding - Grass,cattle feed,concentrate,bengal gram,green gram,cotton seed,MM,Salt
Deworming- Fenbendazole 5-7.5mg/kg Levamisole 8-10 mg/kg oxyclozanide 10-15 mg/kg
VACCINATION
Vaccination -FMD -HS+BQ 4ml SC To minimize birth in capacity chemical
contraceptive Melongestrol acetate (feed additive) and porcine zona pellucida vaccine are succesfully applied
RESTRAINING
PHYSICAL – squeeze guage ,trap ,crate
CHEMICAL – succinylcholine chloride 0.07-0.14 mg/kg - Xylazine &ketamine combination @
0.75,1 mg/kg respectively -Xylazine 0.7 ml & Etorphine 0.8 ml
(250kg)