Salmon Anchor Habitat and State Forests
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Salmon Anchor Habitat and State ForestsPresented by Bob Van Dyk and Tom Miewald to the Oregon Board of Forestry
September 3, 2008
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Wild Salmon Center 2
Overview and Presentation Context
• Wild Salmon Center mission and the North Coast Watersheds
• State Forests and Salmon
• Data Analysis of Watershed Conditions
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Wild Salmon Center 3
Key Findings and Recommendations• Findings
– North Coast of regional importance for wild salmon
– State Land is the largest landowner on the North Coast and provides vital wild salmon habitat
– Few of the North Coast watersheds score high for watershed condition for salmon; state lands are better condition than private lands
– Few areas in the North Coast are managed with a high conservation emphasis; Salmon Anchor Habitat expiring in 2011-1013
• Recommendations– Extend and Enhance Current Salmon Anchor Habitat Strategy
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Wild Salmon Center 4
Globally Significant Salmon Rivers
Wild Salmon Center is an international science-based organization whose mission is to identify, understand and protect the best wild salmon ecosystems of the North Pacific.
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Wild Salmon Center 5
North American Context• Many salmon runs extinct or
depressed in Pacific Northwest.
• The Wild Salmon Center regional assessment identified salmon strongholds with high abundance and high life –history diversity.
• Tillamook and Nehalem Basins scored among the highest in the Lower 48 contiguous states.
Multi-Species Salmon Population Ratings
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Wild Salmon Center 6
Key Salmon of the
North Coast• Chinook
• Coho
• Chum
• Steelhead
• Sea-run Cutthroat
Draft 08.13.08
North Coast Area
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Wild Salmon Center 7
Coho• 3-6% of historical levels
• Require summer and winter shelter habitat
• Summer shelter habitat are principally in forested streams
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Wild Salmon Center 8
Fall Chinook• Largest run north of Rogue,
appx. 20% of historic levels
• Since 1990 Tillamook Basin among top 3 Fall Chinook runs north of Rogue.
• 2008 Forecast: Largest run north of Rogue.
• World-class recreational fishery.
• Juveniles spend less than one year in river/estuary.
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Wild Salmon Center 9
Chum• Southernmost significant run
in United States
• Small fraction of historic abundance
• Miami and Kilchis support the largest runs in Oregon
• Spawn low in basin
• 2 weeks – 1 month in river
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Wild Salmon Center 10
Steelhead• Salmonberry River is
internationally famous for wild steelhead.
• High gradient reaches of State Forest land are key steelhead production areas.
• Juveniles over winter 2-3 years.
• Substantial but not quantified wild runs throughout North Coast.
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Wild Salmon Center 11
Salmon and Greatest Permanent Value• Protecting salmon habitat also provides…
– Healthy riparian areas for many aquatic and terrestrial species
– Recreation
– Water Quality
– Commercial Fishing
– Long-term, sustainable economic engine
• Protecting salmon is compatible with sustainable timber harvests
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Wild Salmon Center 12
North Coast Context:Planning for Salmon• Oregon Dept. of Forestry is a
key owner on North Coast of key fish habitat– Little federal land north of
the Nestucca River
• Little land in High Conservation Emphasis
Draft 08.08.08
Oregon North Coast Ownership & Location
Draft 08.29.08
Current Oregon North Coast Forest Conservation Emphasis
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Wild Salmon Center 13
Conservation Emphasis and Forest Management• Private forests: more clearcutting
• State lands: more thinning
• Federal: less management
• Key concerns– Shortage of large wood for proper
aquatic function
– Extensive road networks, including legacy roads, contribute sediment
– Temperature
Oregon North Coast Timber Harvest1972 - 2007
1984199520042007 with thinning19722007
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Wild Salmon Center 14
North Coast Context:Current Protection for Salmon• Salmon Anchor Habitats
– Reduce risk that management activities pose to salmon
– Still allow up to 25% of some watersheds to be clearcut in 10 years of the plan
– Expire 2011-2013
– Subject to revision in current consideration of changes to forest plan
Oregon North Coast Salmon Anchor Habitats
Draft 08.13.08
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Wild Salmon Center 15
Assessment of Watershed Condition and Fish Distribution
• Objective of Analysis
Provide insight into the following questions:– Where are key areas for salmon based on latest data and
science?
– What is the current condition of watershed processes across ownerships?
– How to create a conservation plan across the North Coast?
– Better understand implications of changes to Salmon Anchor Habitat strategy.
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Wild Salmon Center 16
Collaborative Decision Support Model
• The analysis was conducted with the expertise and input of:
– Oregon Dept. of Forestry
– OR Dept. Of Fish and Wildlife
– U.S. Forest Service
– Ecotrust
– The Nature Conservancy
– Local Fish Biologists
• The collaboration developed a model to understand regional watershed and fish condition.
• Model is at the landscape scale.
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Wild Salmon Center 17
Model Tests for support of the proposition that the watershed is in good condition
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Wild Salmon Center 18
Watershed Condition
Watershed Condition Scores:
Dark Green: High Scores
Dark Red: Low Scores
Riparian condition
Deciduous component: Measures % of riparian zones with deciduous (hardwood) cover with trees> 14” diameter at breast height
Riparian zones for providing shade and nutrients.
Riparian Deciduous Condition Greater than 14’ DBH
Draft 08.13.08
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Wild Salmon Center 19
Watershed Condition
Watershed Condition Scores:
Dark Green: High Scores
Dark Red: Low Scores
Riparian condition
Conifer component: measures % of conifer cover with trees> 20” diameter at breast height
Riparian zones as a source for large woody debris and shade.
Riparian Conifer Condition Greater than 20’ DBH
Draft 08.13.08
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Wild Salmon Center 20
Watershed Condition
Watershed Condition Scores:
Dark Green: High Scores
Dark Red: Low Scores
Floodplain Road Density
Measures miles of road per sq. mile
Roads alter the hydrology of low gradient streams, source of sediment.
Flood Plain/Road Condition Road density in low gradient stream
Draft 08.13.08
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Wild Salmon Center 21
Watershed Condition
Watershed Condition Scores:
Dark Green: High Scores
Dark Red: Low Scores
Fine Sediment
Shows areas with fine sediment that are problematic.
Excess Fine Sediments
Draft 08.13.08
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Wild Salmon Center 22
Areas with low scores:– Tillamook lowlands
– Upper Nehalem
Areas with high scores:– Kilchis, Salmonberry, Little North
Fork Wilson, Nestucca
Oregon North Coast Watershed Condition for SalmonWatershed Condition
This map shows the aggregation of key ecological attributes:
Darkest Green: Data shows high support, watershed is in good condition
Darkest Red: Data shows low support, indicating that watershed is not in good condition
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Wild Salmon Center 23
Watershed Condition by Ownership
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
North Coast Private ODF SAH
Average watershed condition scores by ownershipH
igh S
core
s Lo
w S
core
s Lands
OR Dept. of Forestry
Salmon Anchor Habitat Lands
Lands
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Wild Salmon Center 24
Fish population data
• Data were gathered using the following sources:– Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife Spawning and Juvenile
surveys from 1998- 2007
– Tillamook whole watershed surveys, 2005-2007
– Intrinsic Potential
– Expert Opinion
• Data is incomplete across the whole region.
• Intrinsic Potential
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Wild Salmon Center 25
Multiple Species
• Watersheds draining directly into Tillamook Bay have high diversity and abundances.
– Chum
– Coho
– Steelhead
– Chinook
• Miami, Kilchis
• Little North Fork of the Wilson.
• Current Salmon Anchor Habitat status protects these areas, except the Upper North Fork Kilchis and Lower Kilchis.
Draft 08.13.08
Multispecies Abundance, Density, Diversity from Multiple Surveys
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Wild Salmon Center 26
Synthesis & Conclusions• Few watersheds scored high for overall
condition.
• State Forests have:– Better watershed condition
– High fish abundance and diversity
– High Intrinsic Potential areas for multiple species.
• Salmon Anchor Habitats:– Protect areas that are in better
condition currently.
– Protect multiple species across the landscape.
– Provide the potential for a healthy distribution of good watershed condition across the landscape.
– There are additions to Salmon Anchor Habitats that would enhance protection.
Oregon North Coast Timber Harvest1968 - 2008
Draft 08.13.08
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Wild Salmon Center 27
Synthesis & Conclusions• Few watersheds scored high for overall
condition.
• State Forests have:– Better watershed condition
– High fish abundance and diversity
– High Intrinsic Potential areas for multiple species.
• Salmon Anchor Habitats:– Protect areas that are in better
condition currently.
– Protect multiple species across the landscape.
– Provide the potential for a healthy distribution of good watershed condition across the landscape.
– There are additions to Salmon Anchor Habitats that would enhance protection.
Oregon North Coast Watershed Condition for Salmon
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Wild Salmon Center 28
Policy Recommendations
• Extend and Enhance Current Salmon Anchor Habitat Strategy– Adopt for 20-year planning horizon
– Add specific key watersheds
– Revisit riparian strategies and clearcut caps to ensure protection of salmon habitat while allowing multiple uses
– Aggressively reduce harms from known problems, e.g. road improvements and/or removal
– Identify and protect micro-anchors (reach-scale) across the landscape
• Make salmon protection the highest priority in a subset of anchor habitats at the watershed level– Miami, Kilchis, Little North Fork Wilson, Salmonberry
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Wild Salmon Center 29
Current versus Enhanced Conservation Strategy for Salmon on State Land
Draft 09.02.08
Potential Oregon North Forest Conservation Emphasis
Draft 08.29.08
Current Oregon North Forest Conservation Emphasis
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Wild Salmon Center 30
Comments and Questions