Sai Kumar Swamy, PGPM, IIMB Israel Palestine Conflict.
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Transcript of Sai Kumar Swamy, PGPM, IIMB Israel Palestine Conflict.
Sai Kumar Swamy,
PGPM, IIMB
Israel Palestine Conflict
The Arab Story
The Arab Empire – 700-850 AD
The Ottoman Empire – 1500-1918
Arab States
Events of 1915-1918World War IOttoman empireMcMahon-Hussein Correspondence - 1915 -
1916McMahon - Arab revolt against Ottoman empire Hussein - Creation of Arab state
Balfour Declaration – 2nd Nov 1917"His Majesty's Government view with favour the
establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object”
Sykes-Picot AgreementZionism - ZO
What this led toPalestinian Riots
19201921
Hebron Massacre23rd August, 192967 Jews killedRumors of Jewish occupation of Holy LandsSimilar attacks everywhere
1936-1939 Arab RevoltWhite paper of 1939
Renounced Britain’s intent of creating a Jewish home in Palestine
Confiscated all weapons from Arab population
The story of the Jews
The story of the JewsDisplaced peopleHistory of Attacks
1648 Ukraine 1821 Ukraine - The first riot actually called a ‘pogrom’
1881-84 Russia Few deaths, but much fear and property destruction
Zionist Movement1903-6 Russia
Many deaths Much Jewish emigration to Europe and the USA
1918 Poland - 1919 Argentina - 1927 Romania1933 Germany
The Holocaust1945 Arab states such as Libya
HolocaustNazi Germany and Hitler
Perpetrated the worst ‘Pogrom’ in living memorySystematic elimination of Jews
Factory-like processConcentration Camps
Jews - identified, labelled, herded, moved, stored, abused and finally killed
ResultOver 6 million Jews died
Exodus to safe countriesUSA preferred destination
The Germans did not succeed in eliminating the Jews
RESULT :: Need for a SAFE homeland - Emigration
UN Action - Inaction
UN Action2 State theory
Palestine & IsraelIsrael – 55%Palestine – 45%
Rejected by Palestinian ArabsJewish settlers welcomed it – Ben GurionMay 15, 1948 – End of British RuleMay 14, 1948
Palestinians move inJews retaliateIsrael declares independence
Arab League declares warEgypt, Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon plan
invasionsIDF defeats the Arab forces
Result of the WarGains
JordanEast JerusalemWest Bank
Egypt Gaza strip – Coastal Strip
Elsewhere the Arabic forces were all pushed back
1949 the United Nations declared a cease-fireIsrael signed armistice agreements with all the
Arab statesIsrael had expanded by another 25%!Arab exodus into neighboring countriesJewish refugees flood Israel, USABen Gurion – national hero
1948-1973Suez Crisis - 19566 day war – 1967
Israel draws water from River JordanRestoration of national pride – Egypt (Gamel
Abdel Naseer)Israel recaptures
East JerusalemWest BankGaza Strip
Captures new territorySinai
Yom Kippur War – 1973
PLO & IntifadaPLO
Formed – 1964Aim : Palestine, with its original Mandate borders, is
the indivisible homeland of the Arab Palestinian peopleYasser ArafatGuerilla TacticsFatah Movement
Intifada : Arabic word Stands for shaking off or shivering because of fear or
illnessIt also means abrupt and sudden waking up from sleep
or unconcerned status. Politically the word came to symbolize the Palestinian
uprising against the Israeli occupationCivil Disobedience
1st – 1987 2nd – 2000
HamasFormed in 1987
1st IntifadaDestroy Israel – Establish Palestinian stateDenies Holocaust occurred
Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Abdel Aziz Rantissi and Mohd. Taha
ActivitiesSuicide bombingsRocket attacks (Qassam)Schools, hospitals, libraries and Social activities
Wins parliamentary elections – 2006Hamas -76 seats; Fatah- 43 seats Conflict between Hamas and FatahHamas defeats Fatah
Hamas – Contd.Hamas offers 10 year truce
Withdraw from West Bank & East JerusalemRight to return for PalestiniansIsrael doesn’t respond
17th June 2008 – Informal truce between Hamas & IsraelNov 4th – 6 Hamas gunmen killed by Israeli forcesHamas responds with rocket attacks on Israeli border
townsIsrael launches operation ‘Cast Lead’
Weed out Hamas militants and smash arms hideouts and safe houses
1000+ civilians deadLimited Hamas casualtiesHuman shields and blending into population during
conflict
Peace ProcessOslo Accord – 1993Camp David – 2000
Key FeaturesAriel SharonMohd Al Durrah Incident
Mitchell report – Basis of the Road Map for peaceSharm El-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Report
an immediate cessation of all violence rebuilding confidence by a full-scale effort by the
Palestinian Authority to prevent Terrorism, the freezing of Israeli settlement activity, ... and other confidence-building measures
resumption of negotiations
TodayThere is still much dispute and fighting over land and
bordersHamas and the PLO are still in conflict with IsraelIsrael has control over 78% of the former Palestine,
rather than the 55% allocated under the UN partition plan
Possible SolutionsMany moderate Arabs want Israeli withdrawal to
pre-1967 bordersHamas (who is in power currently) does not want a
peace agreement, rather desires a single Palestinian state
2 state-solution1 state solutionIsrael’s “land for peace” deals
Annexure
Balfour Declaration
Zionist MovementBaron Edmond de Rothschild
‘the struggle to put an end to the Wandering Jew, could not have as its result, the creation of the Wandering Arab’
Theodore HerzlDer Judenstaat – The Jewish State – 1896
the only solution to the "Jewish Question" in Europe, including growing antisemitism, was through the establishment of a Jewish State
1897 - Zionist Congress"If I were to sum up the Congress in a word – which I shall
take care not to publish – it would be this: At Basle I founded the Jewish State. If I said this out loud today I would be greeted by universal laughter. In five years perhaps, and certainly in fifty years, everyone will perceive it."
Chaim WeizmannRosh Pinna – First Settlement
Zionist Conference – Basel (1897)
Weizmann
Rosh Pinna
Cave of the Patriarchs
Western Wall
Al-Aqsa
Western Wall – Al Aqsa
Foundation Stone
Arab forces
Haganah – Jewish Self Defense Group
Palestine in 1947Jewish Settlements in orange
Palestinian-Arab settlements in Yellow
Holocaust-1
Herding of Jews
Concentration Camps-1
Concentration Camps-2
Jewish Immigrants - Palestine
Partition Plan - MapPink – Palestine
Orange – Israel
Blue – International Zone
Palestine in 1947Jewish Settlements in orange
Palestinian-Arab settlements in Yellow
Invasion Plan
Map – After the 1948 War
Israel before and after the six-day war 1967
Lebanon
Syria
Israel
Jordan
Egypt
Suez Canal
Golan Heights
The End of the Yom Kippur War -Green marks Israeli gains
Railroad Cars
Bus - Jewish
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Oslo Accord
Current Settlements
Durrah Incident
Story in Pictures
Tel Aviv
Story in Pictures
Israel- The people
Because of its location, and long history, Israel has a large mixture of peoples. They are different faiths, appearance, skin colour etc etc.
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Story in Pictures
Suicide Bombing
Is this the END?