Introduction

Presented by Priyantha Sunendra

What is the Health • Health according to W.H.O is

physical and Mental well being

What is Safety

Safety is not status of not experiencing both physical and

mental health

Who is the safety man ?

• S – Skills• A – Attitude • F – Friendliness • E- Efficiency , Effective • T – Thoughtfulness• Y – You and Your brother keeper

Safety and Health at work

• being mentally and physical The concern for an employees well

• Methods or way to keep employees healthy and safe

• Employers concern • Employees concern

What is Hazards • Hazards are item and issues in the

work environment witch can cause an illness or injury

What is Risk • Risk is the chance of meeting with an

accident / Injury and Illness due to a hazard

Type of Hazards

• Physical Hazards• Chemical Hazards• Mechanical Hazards• Electrical Hazards• Psychological Hazards• Ergonomics Hazards

Physical Hazards • Noise • Vibration • Lighting • Climate• Lifting • Dust • House Keeping

Physical Hazards

Noise

• Due to the long term exposure of high level of noises

• More than 85 db per 8 hour working day

Effects of Noise Exposure

The table below shows noise levels and how long a person can be exposed without hearing protection before there is damage to the ear.

Noise Level Allowable Exposure Time

• 85 decibels 8 hours• 90 decibels 4 hours• 100 decibels 1 hour• 105 decibels 30 minutes• 110 decibels 15 minutes• 115 decibels 0 minutes

Daily Allowable Exposure Times to Noise

Physical Hazards

• Lighting 300 Lux Rough Work

500 Lux Middle Work 1000 Lux Precision work

• Climate Minimum 24 Cº

Humanity 53% to 58%• Dust Level

0.3 µm to 5 µm

Physical Hazards

• Lifting ( One Man )

Max Total load 25 Kg

Physical HazardsHouse Keeping

• Cleaning • Clear Passage ways • Work station good order • Tool & Equipment good order • Disposal of debars & Litters

Disposal of debars & Litters

International Color cord for debars & letter dustbin

• Steel Brown • Paper / cardboard Blue • Polyethylene Orange • Glass Red • Garbage Green

Reduce the volume of waste

• Reduce : Generate waste through more efficient practice

• Reuse :Re use waste material in their original form

• Recycle : convert waste back into a usable material

• Recover : extract material or energy from waste fro other use

Mechanical Hazards

• Rotating functions • Power Transition functions• Shear point • Other moving & lifting parts

Other moving & lifting parts

Periodic Test requirement under factories ordinance No. 45 of 1942

Machinery Examine Period

• Hoist & Lift Every 12 months• Chains , Ropes & Every 6 months lifting Tackles • Cranes & other lifting machine Every 14 months• Air receivers Every 24 Months • Gas Receivers Every 12 months

Electrical Hazards • Bad design of apparatus• Bad Maintenance• Improper use of apparatus• Temporary connection• Unauthorized power supply• Lack of PPE

What is hazardous chemical

• Toxic or very toxic• Corrosive• Harmful• Irritant• Cancer causing• Explosive• Radioactive• Flammable

Chemical HazardsHuman contact • Actual effect• Chronic effect• Local effect• Systemic effect Property Damage • Fire • Explosion Environmental Contamination• Air• Green• Water

Type of Chemicals

How to improve chemical safety

• Identification• Evaluate• Organizing • Controlling

Identification

Labels Minimum Requirement

• Legible • Name of Chemicals • Warning

NFPA Diamond

MSDS

Symbols and Indications of danger Chemicals

• Toxic

• Corrosive

Symbols and Indications of danger Chemicals

• Harmful

• Oxidizing

Symbols and Indications of danger Chemicals

• Highly Flammable

• Explosive

Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards

• Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury

• Employers must:Use all feasible engineering and work practice

controls , administrative controls to eliminate and reduce hazards

Then use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards.

• Remember, PPE is the last level of control!

Engineering Controls If . . .• The machine or work environment can

be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard,

Then . . .• The hazard can be eliminated with an

engineering control.

Engineering Controls …(contd)

Example

• Initial design specifications

• Substitute less harmful material

• Change process

• Enclose process

• Isolate process

• Ventilation

Work Practice Controls If . . .• Employees can be removed from

exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs,

Then . . .• The hazard can be eliminated with a

work practice control.

Work Practice Controls Examples

• Use of wet methods to suppress dust• Personal hygiene• Housekeeping and maintenance• Job rotation of workers

PPE Personal protective

equipment is A physical material or

equipment that is placed between the

employee and workplace hazards to

reduce the injury potential of the

hazard

Example of PPE

• Eye - safety glasses, goggles• Face - face shields• Head - hard hats• Feet - safety shoes• Hands and arms - gloves• Bodies - vests• Hearing - earplugs, earmuffs

Eye Protection

What are some of the causes of eye injuries?

• Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust

• Molten metal that might splash• Acids and other caustic liquid

chemicals that might splash• Blood and other potentially infectious

body fluids that might splash, spray, or splatter

• Intense light such as that created by welding and lasers

Safety Spectacles• Made with metal/plastic safety frames• Most operations require side shields• Used for moderate impact from particles

produced by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling

Goggles • Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the

facial area immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes

• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses

Face Shields Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared

or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter,

and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting.

Head Protection

What are some of thecauses of head injuries?

• Falling objects• Bumping head against fixed objects,

such as exposed pipes or beams• Contact with exposed electrical

conductors

Type of hates Class A• General service (e.g., mining, building construction,

shipbuilding, lumbering, and manufacturing)• Good impact protection but limited voltage

protection (2200 V)Class B• Electrical work• Protect against falling objects and high-voltage

shock and burns (22000V)Class C• Designed for comfort, offer limited protection• Protects heads that may bump against fixed

objects, but do not protect against falling objects or electrical shock

Hearing Protections

Hearing Protection – when is it required?

protection is mandatory; however, a good rule

of thumb is that hearing protection should be

used if you have to shout at someone standing

3 feet away from you to be heard over the noise.

Examples of Hearing Protectors

Ear Muff Ear Plug Cane capes

Hearing Protection – when is it required?

• Hearing loss from noise exposure is usually not noticed because it is so gradual.

• Usually a person loses the ability to hear higher pitches first.

• Often the first noticeable effect is difficulty in hearing speech

Effects of Noise Exposure• The damage from exposure to

noise occurs in the inner ear.

• There are tiny hair cells in this part of the ear that are flattened out when exposed to noise.

• If the exposure is short, the hair cells raise back up. If the exposure is long or extremely loud, the hair cells don’t recover and hearing ability is reduced.

• • When all the hair cells are

damaged, complete deafness occurs.

• “People who say they are “used to the noise” often have already lost some of their hearing.”

Inserting Foam Earplugs Foam EarplugsFoam type earplugs are one-size-fits-all and must

be inserted properly into the ear.

The technique for inserting earplugs is to first, roll the earplug into a small cylinder, pull the ear up and back, this opens the ear canal. Push the ear plug into the ear canal and hold there for a few seconds until it

expands and fills the ear canal. This will provide the tightest fit and greatest protection

Inserting Foam Earplugs Foam Earplugs

Earplug incorrectly inserted Earplug Insert correctly

The left picture shows plugs only partially inserted into the ear canal – a common mistake.

Safety Shoes • Have impact-resistant toes

and heat-resistant soles that protect against hot surfaces common in roofing, paving, and hot metal industries

• Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds

• May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards

Foot Protection

•Toe box impact resistance•Toe box compression resistance•Metatarsal protection when required•Electrical protection•Sole puncture resistance

What are some of the hand injuries you need to guard

against?• Burns• Bruises• Abrasions• Cuts• Punctures• Fractures• Amputations• Chemical Exposures

Body protections

What are some of thecauses of body injuries?

• Intense heat• Splashes of hot metals and other hot

liquids• Impacts from tools, machinery, and

materials• Cuts• Hazardous chemicals• Contact with potentially infectious

materials, like blood• Radiation

RespiratorsPrevent pesticide exposure

through the respiratory system

When should a respirator be used?

• When the label requires it

• When exposed to spray mist

• When using dusts, gases, vapors, or fumigants

Always select equipment approved by

• National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

• Make sure the cartridge or filter is rated for the chemical you are using

• Read the label.

Use and Care of Respirators

• MUST have tight seal!

• Fit-check and make sure it works before every use.

• after the initial purchase

• whenever a different face piece is used

Get to Fresh Air Immediately

if...• You smell or taste contaminants• Your eyes, nose or throat become

irritated• Your breathing becomes difficult• The air you are breathing becomes

uncomfortably warm• You become nauseous or dizzy

Prohibitive SignsColor – Red Meaning • Stop• ProhibitedContrast Color• WhiteColor of Graphic Symbol• Black Application Example • Stop , Emergency Stop• Prohibitive sign • Fire fighting Equipment

Warning SignsColor – Yellow Meaning • Caution • Potential Danger Contrast color• BlackColor of Graphics symbol• BlackApplication Example• Notice of Hazards• Notice of Obstructions

Information SingsColor - GreenMeaning • Information Contrast Color • White Color of Graphics or symbols• WhiteApplication Examples• First Aid• Emergency Exit

Mandatory SignsColor – BlueMeaning• Mandatory Notice Contrast Color • WhiteColor of Graphics Symbol• White Application Examples• Requirement of wear

PPE

Wear Safety Glasses

Wear Ear Protection

Wear Safety Shoes

Wear Protective Gloves

Wear Protective Clothing

Wear Face Protections

Wear Hard Hat

Wear Protective Mask

Follow Instruction

First Aid

Fire Assembly point

No Fire / Open Flame or Smoking

Do not Wear Chain & Bracelet

Operating with Long Hair Prohibited

Warning Combustible Material

Danger High Voltage