SAFETY SERVICESMAY 2009

Employers are responsible forThe health, safety and

welfare at work for their employees and those affected by the work

Assess risks to lone workers

Take steps to avoid or control risk where necessary

Employees are responsible forTaking reasonable care of

themselves, and other people who may be affected by their work

Co-operate with their employers in meeting their legal obligations

Who are Lone Workers?Lone workers are those who work by

themselves without close or direct supervision

No clear definition of ‘lone worker’ but there are a large number of occupations that “lone work”. Eg’s :-Doctors, district nurses, milkmen, salesmen, postmen, meter readers, maintenance workers, lorry drivers etc

NO

There he is!

University Lone WorkersWill include:-

Staff working from home or alone in an office

Security & other mobile staffLecturersMaintenance workersTravellers to conferencesCleanersField workers / researchersStaff carrying out home visits

Can People Legally Work Alone?Legislation does not prohibit lone working, but the

duties of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 apply

• These require:• Identifying the hazards of the workAssessing the risks involved and who is at riskImplementing measures to AVOID or CONTROL the

risk and documenting the assessment

Identifying the HazardsTalk to the people involved as they are a valuable

source of information and advice. Find out exactly what is involved to carryout the task, eg:-Does the workplace present a special hazard?Is the access to, or exit from the workplace safe?Is the lighting and ventilation sufficient?Will other adjacent processes & activities present a

risk?Is any equipment to be used safe & regularly

maintained?What risks would the worker be exposed to?

Control MeasuresControl measures may include:-

InstructionTrainingSupervisionProtective equipmentCommunication devicesSafe working procedures

Employers should take steps to check that control measures are used and review the risk assessment from time to time to ensure that it is still adequate.

Safe Working ArrangementsLone workers face

particular problems. Some of the issues which need special attention when planning safe working arrangements are as follows:-

Safe Working Arrangements – The IndividualIs the person medically fit and

suitable to work alone?• Check that the worker has no

medical conditions which make them unsuitable for working alone.

• See medical advice if necessary.• Consider both routine work and

foreseeable emergencies which may impose additional physical and mental burdens on the worker.

Safe Working Arrangements – training / competency requirementsLone workers need to:be sufficiently experienced and fully

understand the risks and controls,know the set limits of what can and

cannot be done whilst working alone,deal with situations which are new,

unusual or unexpected and to know when to stop work and seek advice from a supervisor,

avoid panic in unusual situations,know how to handle aggression.

Safe Working Arrangements – SupervisionAlthough lone workers cannot be

subject to constant supervision, it is still an employer’s duty to ensure their health and safety at work. Supervision can help to ensure:-Employees understand the risk

associated with their work.That necessary safety precautions

are carried out.Guidance is provided in situations of

uncertainty.

Safe Working Arrangements – Supervision cont’dThis could be carried out when checking the

progress and quality of the workIt may take the form of periodic site visits combined

with discussions in which health and safety issues are raised.

Frequency would depend on competence & experience of lone worker & type of work

Safe Working Arrangements – the extent of Supervision depends on:The risks involved (from the risk assessment)The ability of the lone worker to identify and

handle health and safety issues.The experience of the lone worker.

Is he new to the job?Is it a job with special risks?Are there new situations?

The competence and trustworthiness of the worker.

Monitoring Lone WorkersProcedures will needed to ensure they remain safe. These

may include:-Periodic visits & supervision of lone workersRegular contact between the lone worker & supervisor.Automatic warning devices which operate is specific

signals are not received periodically from the lone worker.Other devices designed to raise the alarm in the event of

an emergency & which operate manually or automatically.Checks that a lone worker has returned to their base or

home on completion of their task.

Emergency situationsWhat happens if

a lone worker becomes ill, has an accident, or some other emergency, arises, like a fire?

Emergency ProceduresLone workers should be capable of responding correctly

to emergencies.Emergency procedures should be established and lone

workers trained in them.Information about emergency procedures and danger

areas in the workplace should be given to them.They should have access to adequate first-aid facilities.Mobile workers should carry a first-aid kit.Occasionally risk assessment may indicate that lone

workers need training in first-aid.

Lone Worker Checklist–Workplace 1Do I need to go?Is there a risk assessment for the task and do I have a

copy?Have I told someone of my intended movements?Have I means of communication?Have I thought through my own ‘what if’ plan?Do I feel confident to go?Does the workplace present a special hazard?Is the access to, or exit from, the workplace safe?Is the lighting and ventilation sufficient?Is equipment safe and regularly maintained?

Lone Worker Checklist–Workplace 2 Will other adjacent processes & activities present a risk? What risks will I be exposed to in the event of equipment

failure? Can I handle substances and goods safely? Do I have the appropriate PPE and have I been trained in

its use? Have I been trained to do the task correctly? Have I demonstrated my ability to do the task

satisfactorily? Am I medically fit to undertake the task? Have I sufficient information about the job, equipment

or substances?

Lone Worker Checklist–Workplace 3 If cash is being handled, is there a risk of violence? Do I know my limitations - be reliable and seek help

when I reach the limit of my knowledge /experience? Do I need supervision to carry out the task? What first-aid provision will I require and is it available? Do I know what are the arrangements in the event of

an emergency?

If the answer to any of the above is ‘NO’ then you should speak to your line manager before continuing.

Tracing Systems 1 – Are You Covered?Consider the following statements: -My colleagues will know where to start looking should I

not return to base on time.If I decide to change my plans during the day someone

would be aware of this.There is a clear procedure to follow in case someone

does not return at the expected time.There is a system to raise the alarm covertly in case of an

emergency while working alone.I am confident that an appropriate person will pick up

the phone if I call the office in an emergency.

Tracing Systems 2 – Are You Covered?When (if) I am lone working out of office hours, there

is a system to monitor my safety.There is information available so that my line

manager could contact my partner/family (to ensure my safety) should I fail to return from an appointment/

My partner/family have contact details of a colleague should I fail to return from work, even out of normal working hours.

Well – are you covered?

Practical Strategies for Travelling -PLANPREPARATION – Plan your journey, your route, take a

personal alarm, contingency plans, etc.

LOOK CONFIDENT – Confident body language means you are less likely to run into trouble.

AWARENESS – Be aware of your surroundings and be alert to your body responses to situation.

NEVER ASSUME ......

Lone Worker Checklist – Useful Pointers For Managers 1Carry out informal inspections of the workplace and access on

a regular basis to make sure it is safe, and that people are working safely.

Ask yourself would you feel working there?How will I communicate with the worker to ensure their well

being?Check equipment is being maintained correctly & records kept.Ensure CoSHH assessments are available for all substances

used and stored on the premises.Ensure risk assessments of all processes and activities are

available for workers to refer to and the that Safe Working Procedures are available.

Ensure your workers are fully aware of local rules, especially those related to working out of normal business hours.

Lone Worker Checklist – Useful Pointers For Managers 2Where relevant, check the ‘out of hours’ signing in book to

ensure people are signing in and that they have the Head of Departments permission to work ‘out of hours’.

Periodically speak to those who work alone informally and find out if they have any concerns that can be dealt with easily.

Ensure they know you do not want them to put themselves at risk.

Ask them how the job could be made safer.Ensure you have a reliable system for contacting the lone

worker and establishing that they are free from harm.Consider what emergency situations could arise and make

sure that procedures are in place to cover them.

Useful Pointers For Lone Workers 1Ensure someone knows where you are and establish a

contact system so that you can tell someone when you’re at work and when you’re leaving.

Don’t do anything which you feel might put you in danger – report any dangerous incident or situation to your supervisor and seek advice.

Don’t ‘cut corners’ or rush the work, set yourself a reasonable target and work towards it.

Useful Pointers For Lone Workers 2If you start to feel tired either stop for a short break,

take a walk outside in the fresh air, or go home after contacting your supervisor and/or signing out.

Ensure you know and follow, relevant safe working procedures and guidelines for operating equipment and handling and using substances.

If you don’t know how to do something – don’t do it – leave it until someone is around to help you.

Useful Pointers For Lone Workers 3

If you get injured stay calm, use your training, and if you need assistance contact the Emergency Control Centre on 0114 222 4444 or, if off campus, dial 999 giving clear instruction to the Emergency Services of where you are and the nature of the incident.

Home Visits & Meeting the Public 1Have your lone workers: -

Been fully trained in strategies for the prevention of violence?

Been briefed about the areas where they work, or will work?Been made aware of attitudes, traits or mannerisms that can

annoy clients?Been given all available information about the client from all

the relevant agencies?Left an itinerary?Made plans to keep in contact with colleagues?The means to contact you?The relevant telephone numbers?A sound grasp of your organisation’s preventative strategy?Authority to arrange an accompanied visit, security escort, or

use of a taxi?

Home Visits & Meeting the Public 2Do your lone workers: -

Carry forms for reporting incidents, including violence or threats of violence?

Understand the importance of previewing cases?Appreciate the need for this procedure and use it?Know your attitude to premature termination of interviews?Know how to control and defuse potentially violent

situations?Appreciate their responsibility for their own safety?Understand the provisions for support by your organisation?

Lone Workers – Remember!Greet clients politely and with eye contact.Be aware of body language, signs of anger, tension, stress, etc.Avoid invading other people’s personal space or touching them.If attacked your voice is your best defence, shout a positive

command or yell loudly to ‘Stop’.Have a mobile phone for emergencies but keep it secure and out

of sight with a number pre-programmed for emergency use.Procedures for call-in should be in place together with those for

non-arrival.If using car parks in busy areas, use ones which are well lit at night.Don’t leave anything visible in the car. Lock all doors.Trust your intuition, if the situation feels unsafe, or you feel

uneasy – use a plausible excuse and leave.Consider meeting clients in public places – e.g. hotels etc