Safety Regulation of PBN Operations Filippo Tomasello Rulemaking officer 25 May 2011.
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Transcript of Safety Regulation of PBN Operations Filippo Tomasello Rulemaking officer 25 May 2011.
Safety Regulation of PBN Operations
Filippo TomaselloRulemaking officer25 May 2011
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 225 May 2011
“Specific” approval is not the “normal” solution
Instrument Rated (IR) pilots normally authorized (by law):
FCL.605 IR – Privilegesref. EASA Opinion 04/2010; 27 Aug 2010:
(a) fly aircraft in IFR with minimum DH of 200 ft(b) In case of multi-engine IR, even lower when the applicant has undergone specific training(c) ….
Rule FCL.605 (and all other EASA rules for FCL) is expected to be adopted by the European Commission during 2011… but national rules in the EU, based on JAR-FCL are similar
Underlying assumptions: operations well established in the community; suitable training programmes for IR; airworthiness certification; safe radio-navigation signal; etc….
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 325 May 2011
8 requirements behind privileges
1. Aircraft (and avionics) has airworthiness approval covering the envisaged IFR operations
2. OPS of not challenging complexity3. Concept/systems “mature” (= operationally used
since a sufficient number of years = not “new”)4. Associated risk is tolerable, including
5. Accuracy, integrity, availability and continuity of radio-navigation signals
6. Safety oversight of procedure designers7. Accuracy and integrity of NAV data base
8. Suitable training standards and (periodic) checking procedures for pilots established
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 425 May 2011
MNPS operations were “new” in 1977
FAA AC 91-49 (23 Aug 1977)d. Lateral separation in NAT-MNPS airspace is reduced (1978) from 120 NM to 60 NM = more complexitye. decided by ICAO that all operators desiring to use MNPS must show that equipment and procedures are capable of continuously complying with specificationsU.S. operators to FAA (= to competent authority)
Operators who have long-range navigation equipment installed (and certified) may be issued
Letters of Authorization to operate in NAT-MNPS airspace
Specific Approval (SPA)
The 8 requirements were not satisfied
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 525 May 2011
Authorization, Approval or SPA?
Is the semantics sufficiently standardised?No definitions in Annex 6 for authorization, acceptance, approval or specific approval
a “normal” case seems to exist:Par. 2.2.4.7 of Part II (Intl GA) .. aeroplanes in IFR shall comply with instrument approach procedures approved by the State
“specific” is used in particular cases:Par. 2.2.2.2 of Part II to … fly below aerodrome minima
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 625 May 2011
General authorization through rules
Par 2.3.1.1 Annex 6 Part IIAn aeroplane shall be operated:
a) In compliance with the terms of its airworthiness certificate or equivalent
b) Within the operating limitations prescribed by the certifying authority of the State of Registry
c) …. And of course by a pilot enjoying sufficient privileges
Par 2.4.11 Annex 6 Part II
All turbine-engined …authorised to carry more than nine passengers….
No SPA known for No of pax
The word “authorization” in Annex 6
does NOT necessarily mean SPA
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 725 May 2011
Is “approval” always “specific”?
Par. 3, Attach 3.B to Annex 6 Part IIThe State should indicate through approval of a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) ….
Is the approval of the MEL “specific”?
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 825 May 2011
Authorization for PBN
Par 2.5.2.2 Annex 6 Part IIFor PBN operations, in addition:
a) Equipment compliant with the PBN specification
b) Authorized by State of Registry
Authorization can be issued:Through general rulesThrough OPS spec attached to AOC for CAT operators (of course not for G.A.)As privilege to IR pilots (when all the other requirements are fulfilled), including for aerial work and general aviationThrough a Specific Approval (e.g. letter of authorisation)…..etc.
States have several choices
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 925 May 2011
General rules in EU OPS
Regulation 859/2008 (applies only to operators of CAT by aeroplanes):
1.175 General for air operator certification(c) 3. satisfy Authority that can conduct safe operations(g) 2. procedures for the supervision of operations(l) ensure that every flight is conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Operations Manual(n) ensure that aeroplanes are equipped and crews are qualified for the area and type of operation(o) comply with the maintenance requirements
Many possibilities for approvals/oversight
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1025 May 2011
Appendix 1 to EU OPS 1.175
Contents of the Air Operator Certificate:
(c) Description of the type of operations authorised(f) Authorised areas of operation(g) Special limitations
(h) Special authorisations/approvals e.g.:CAT II/CAT III (including approved minima)(MNPS) Minimum navigation performance specifications(ETOPS) Extended range operation twin engined aeroplanes(RNAV) Area navigation(RVSM) Reduced vertical separation minimaTransportation of dangerous goodsAuthorisation to provide cabin crew safety training
Normal authorization or special approval are almost the same x CAT?
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1125 May 2011
PBN in EU OPS 1.243
Operation in areas with specified navigation performance requirements
(a) Operator shall ensure that an aeroplane operated where navigation performance requirements have been specified, is certified according to these requirements, and
if required, that the Authority has granted the relevant operational approval(b) Operator shall ensure that all contingency procedures, specified by the authority, have been included in the Operations Manual
Possible non-uniformity
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1225 May 2011
EASA OPS Rules
Apply to:CAT (by aeroplane or helicopter)SPO (= aerial work)NCC = Non-Commercial Operators of “Complex” aircraft (e.g. business or corporate aviation)NCO= Non-Commercial Operators of “non-complex” aircraft (e.g. light and sport private aviation)
NPA 2009-02b proposed SPA (of unlimited validity) for certain types of operations, including:
PBNB-RNAV (RNAV 5)
Much larger scope than EU OPS (= JAR OPS 1)
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1325 May 2011
NPA 2009-02b (January 2009)
OPS.SPA.001.SPN Operations in areas with specified performance based navigation (SPN)
(a), (b) only if the operator has been approved by the competent authority
(c) To obtain approval operator shall:(1) demonstrate navigation equipment functionality … (2) training programme for the flight crew(3) establish operating procedures specifying:
(i) equipment to be carried, including MEL(ii) crew composition and experience(iii), (iv) normal and contingency procedures(v) incident reporting(vi) specific regional procedures, in case of MNPS(vii) navigation database integrity, in case of PBN
Uniform common rules
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1425 May 2011
CRD 2009-02b.4 (November 2010)
Part SPASPA.PBN.100 PBN operations
Aircraft shall only be operated where performance-based navigation (PBN) is established, if the operator has been granted an approval by the competent authority
No specific approval is required for RNAV5 (basic area navigation, B-RNAV)
Opinion to be delivered during 2011Adoption expected in 2012
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1525 May 2011
SPA for PBN in EASA OPS (CRD)
Operation AMC Specific Op. Approval
CAT SPO NCC NCO
RNAV 10 20-12 Y Y Y Y
RNAV 5 (B) 20-4 No No No No
RNAV 2 // Y Y Y Y
RNAV 1 (P) 20-16 Y Y Y Y
RNP 4 // Y Y Y Y
Basic RNP 1 20-XX Y Y Y Y
APCH/LNAV 20-27 Y Y Y Y
APCH/L/VNAV 20-27 Y Y Y Y
APCH/LPV 20-28 Y Y Y Y
RNP AR 20-26 Y Y Y Y
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1625 May 2011
Regional/National safety rules
ICAO SARPs
National competent authority
Air Operator
Contracted NAV Data Provider
Safetyoversight
Safetyoversight
Safetyoversight
Safetyoversight
Data providers contracted
Air Operator
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1725 May 2011
Evolution RNP APCH in Europe (excluding AR)
Requirement Year
No Topic 2009 2011 2013
1 Airworthiness No AMC AMC 20-27 +AMC 20-28
2 Complexity No more complex than ILS Cat I
3 Maturity PBN not explicit in EU OPS
PBN in draft EASA SPA
EASA OPS in force
4 Risks RNP also includes on board monitoring
5 GNSS Signal in Space
No clear legal responsibilities
EGNOS SSP certified
EASA oversight
6 Procedure designers
No common EU provisions
Art 2.2(c)(ii) Reg. 73/2010
7 Data bases Responsibility of operator EASA rules
8 Competence of pilots
No common EU provisions EASA FCL amended
+ OSD
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1825 May 2011
The will of the EU legislator
Whereas:In its Communication of 15 November 2005 entitled “Extending the tasks of the European Aviation Safety Agency – an agenda for 2010”, the Commission announced its intention to progressively extend the tasks of the European Aviation Safety Agency ("the Agency"), with a
view towards a "total system approach", to aerodrome/airport safety and interoperability, Air Navigation Services ("ANS") and Air Traffic Management ("ATM") Recital 1 EASA BR
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 1925 May 2011
Segment Constituents/Elements Responsibility of
AirspaceClassification and borders
of airspace volumesState aviation authority
ATS routes (including instrument procedures)
Airspace designers**
Published AIS AIS Providers*
AirborneNavigation Data Data providers**
Integrated Nav. (avionics) Manufacturers & Air OperatorsNavigation receiver(s)
Space Nav. Signal in Space (SIS) NAV SP*
GroundGround segment
Information to ATCOs ATS provider*
Airport Lights Aerodrome operators**
Certification of avionics not sufficient
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 2025 May 2011
Navigation Service in SES
Regulations 549 and 550/2004
Facilities and services that provide aircraft with positioning and timing (Art. 2.30; 549)
GNSS clearly fells into this definitionNAV providers (= NSP) can be individually
certified (Art. 7.3; 550)
No identical requirement exist for other transport modes
EGNOS initiated before (…. unfortunately!!!!) Planning for certification of Galileo NSP
should initiate as soon as possible …. EASA available to advise
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 2125 May 2011
Regional/National safety rules
SATNAV SP
ICAO SARPs
Regional/National competent authority
Air OperatorCertified Data
Provider
Safetyoversight
Safetyoversight
Safetyoversight
Certified NAV data providers
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 2225 May 2011
Operational Suitability Data (OSD)
GNSS has changed NAVNAV has a tradition for “specific approval” (SPA)SPA has unlimited validityEven COM is evolving (e.g. data link)But for COM no SPA is requiredOSD allows to define (and mandate) specific training requirements:
Whenever there is a relevant change“key elements” under responsibility of the (S)TC holderImplementation of said requirements is checked through regular oversight of pilots/operatorshttp://www.easa.europa.eu/rulemaking/docs/crd/2009/CRD%202009-01%20(EN,%20comment%20response%20summary%20and%20resulting%20text).pdf Rules for OSD in force in 2012
ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop 2325 May 2011
Conclusion
All aviation operations require approval/authorization (“normal” or “specific”)For CAT operators several ways (AOC, OPS Spec, Manual, etc…)For G.A. the easiest way is through pilot’s privilegesWhen the 8 safety requirements … …. are not satisfied SPAOpinion for EASA OPS will follow CRD (= only BRNAV exempted from SPA)…but EASA is drafting Pre-RIA for new task MDM.062 in order to replace the SPA for some PBN OPS (e.g. straight in RNP APCH)OSD is an emerging concept, possibly safer than SPA
Questions?
Thanks for the attention