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Transcript of Safety Presentations
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Occupational Health and Safety
Overview
Presented By:
Raymond Ilson
Environmental Health & Safety
January 2010
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PEAS Safety Orientation
PEAS Safety Orientation
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
Procedures and Best Practices
RAY ILSON January 6, 2010
www.dal.ca/safety
PEAS Safety Orientation
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The Internal Responsibilty System (IRS) is basis of the Occupational Health and Safety Act
The University has a primary duty under OHSA:
DUTIES AND PRECAUTIONSEmployers' precautions and duties
Procedures and Best Practices
13 (1) Every employer shall take every precaution that is reasonable in the circumstances to ensure thehealth and safety of persons at or near the workplace”
Implicit in legislation and its interpretation by the Supreme Court of Canada
•an employer has a positive duty to
•put in place a proper system to prevent the occurrence of offenses under the Act
•take reasonable steps to ensure the effective operation of that system
PEAS Safety Orientation
Employees’ Rights
Procedures and Best Practices
• Three basic rights under the Occupational Health and Safety Act
1. Right to Participate
2. Right to Know
3. Right to Refuse Unsafe Work
PEAS Safety Orientation
Joint Health and Safety Committees (JHSC)
• Required by the Occupational Health and Safety
Act where there are 20 or more employees
• Made up of worker and management employees
Procedures and Best Practices
who meet regularly to discuss health and safety
issues in the workplace
– Identify hazards
– Perform regular inspections
– Make recommendations to improve health and safety
– Investigate serious accidents
– Investigate work refusals
PEAS Safety Orientation
Reporting Health and Safety Concerns
You have a few options:
• Discuss the matter with your immediate supervisor
• Request your Joint Health and Safety Committee to investigate the
concern
Procedures and Best Practices
• Contact the Office of Environmental Health and Safety for advice or assistance in addressing concerns (Local 2495)
PEAS Safety Orientation
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
SPECIALIST COMMITTEES
• internal committees control and regulate the use of specific hazardous agents
– DALHOUSIEUNIVERSITYRadiation Safety Committee
– DALHOUSIEUNIVERSITYBiosafety Committee
– DALHOUSIEUNIVERSITYChemical Safety Committee
Procedures and Best Practices
– DALHOUSIEUNIVERSITYEnvironmental Protection Committee
• Radiation Safety Committee has executive authority for radiation protection
• Chair of the Radiation Safety Cttee or delegate sits on JHSCttee
• Biosafety Committee has executive authority for biohazard protection
• Chair of Biosafety Committee or delegate sits on JHSCttee
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PEAS Safety Orientation
Chemical Hazards
• Be familiar with hazards and precautions associatedwith the chemicals you use.
– Workplace Hazardous Materials InformationSystem (WHMIS) training
– Reading current Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS)
Procedures and Best Practices
– , ,
– Learn to use proper engineering controls (e.g.fume hoods)
– Learn to use personal protective equipmentproperly
– Follow appropriate emergency procedures
PEAS Safety Orientation
Biological Hazards
Procedures and Best Practices
• Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, animal cells and their toxins
• Biosafety Certificate required for all activities using biological agents
• Labs that use higher-risk biologicals must have a biohazard sign on the door
PEAS Safety Orientation
Ionizing Radiation Hazards
• Radioisotopes, irradiators and x-ray devices used across campus
• Strict requirements are in place to control exposures to radioactive sources
• Radiation Safety routinely monitors labs for compliance with University policies andre ulations
Procedures and Best Practices
• Recognize the radiation material symbol and take appropriate precautions
• Contact Radiation Safety at 902-494-2495 for more information or the Office of Environmental Health and Safety’s website
RADIATIONSYMBOL
PEAS Safety Orientation
Non-Ionizing Radiation Hazards
• Exposure to various forms of non-ionizingradiation must be below allowable levels
– Electromagnetic fields
– Lasers
– Microwaves
Procedures and Best Practices
– Radiofrequency
– Infrared / ultraviolet / visible light
• Laser users must be registered by theLaser Safety Officer
PEAS Safety Orientation
Ergonomic Hazards
• Risk of repetitive strain injury or other discomfortreduced with appropriate office furniture
• Ergonomic tips available on Office of EnvironmentalHealth and Safet ’s website
Procedures and Best Practices
• Contact Occupational Hygiene and Safety Services at902-494-2495 for more information
PEAS Safety Orientation
Emergency Response
Procedures and Best Practices
• Be prepared for an emergency!
• Know where emergency equipment are located, and how to use them: – Fire extinguishers
– Chemical spill kits
– Safety showers, eyewash stations
– First aid kits
• Emergency Contact 4109
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PEAS Safety Orientation
Working Alone Service
University Police provide a Working Alone/WalkSafe Service
Visiting / telephoning you
Contacting you in event of emergency in your area
Procedures and Best Practices
o owng up una e o ma e conac
Tiger Patrol
Emergency 4109
PEAS Safety Orientation
Occupational Health Service
Procedures and Best Practices
• Occupational Health Nurse/Physician being considered – Occupational disease prevention, health risk assessments, medical surveillance
and immunization, hearing tests, spirometry
• Contact 902-494-2495 for more information
PEAS Safety Orientation
DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Students on leaving the University should take with them an attitude of mind whichaccepts good health and safety practice as normal
• University staff set a high standard by personal example
Procedures and Best Practices
• Common misperceptions• safety is just common sense
• most accidents are caused by unsafe actions by the injured person
In fact, accidents generally arise from failures in control, often have multiple causes
Causes lie not with "careless workers", but organizational mgmt failings or oversights
PEAS safety orientation
PEAS Safety Orientation
Procedures and Best Practices
QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
ANDAND
DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
PEAS Safety Orientation
Procedures and Best Practices
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Radiation and Biosafety
Presented By:
Pauline Jones
Environmental Health & SafetyJanuary 2010
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Safety AwarenessSafety Awareness
SessionSessionRadiation & BiosafetRadiation & Biosafet
Presented byPresented by
Environmental Health & SafetyEnvironmental Health & Safety
January 2010January 2010
Biological HazardsBiological Hazards
•• Biohazardous materialsBiohazardous materials
are those materials of aare those materials of abiological origin thatbiological origin thatcould cause harm tocould cause harm tohumans, domestic or wildhumans, domestic or wildanimals or plants.animals or plants.
•• Biohazardous materialsBiohazardous materialsfall under Class D,fall under Class D,Division 3 of WHMIS.Division 3 of WHMIS.
Biosafety LevelsBiosafety Levels
•• Risk Group 1Risk Group 1 – – a biologicala biologicalagentagent unlikely unlikely to causeto causedisease in healthy workers ordisease in healthy workers oranimals ( e.g. E. coli )animals ( e.g. E. coli )
•• Risk Group 2Risk Group 2 – – a biologicala biologicalagentagent which can cause which can cause human or animal disease, buthuman or animal disease, butunder normal circumstancesunder normal circumstancesare unlikely to be a seriousare unlikely to be a serioushazard (e.g. E. coli 0157:H7,hazard (e.g. E. coli 0157:H7,hepatitis, flu, measles, mumps,hepatitis, flu, measles, mumps,chickenpox)chickenpox)
Biosafety LevelsBiosafety Levels
Risk Group 3Risk Group 3 -- a biologicala biologicalagent that poses a highagent that poses a highindividual risk and a lowindividual risk and a lowcommunity risk. These agentscommunity risk. These agentsusuall cause serious illnessusuall cause serious illnessbut do not ordinarily spread bybut do not ordinarily spread bycasual contactcasual contact
Bacillus anthracis,Bacillus anthracis,
Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis
HIV, Yellow feverHIV, Yellow fever
CreutzfeldtCreutzfeldt--Jakob prionJakob prion
Biosafety LevelsBiosafety Levels
•• Risk Group 4Risk Group 4 – – a biologicala biologicalagent that poses a highagent that poses a highindividual risk and a highindividual risk and a highcommunity risk. These agentscommunity risk. These agents
roduce a ver seriousroduce a ver seriousdisease, often untreatable anddisease, often untreatable andmay be readily transmitted.may be readily transmitted.
no no bacteriabacteria
viruses such as Ebola andviruses such as Ebola andLassaLassa
Why we are concerned aboutWhy we are concerned aboutbiological agentsbiological agents
A consequence of A consequence of working withworking withinfectious materials isinfectious materials is
The most commonThe most commonroutes of entry are:routes of entry are:
inoculationinoculation acquiring an infection.acquiring an infection.
inhalation inhalation (dusts, mists) (dusts, mists)
ingestioningestion
contact with contact with mucous mucous membranes membranes
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Routes of uptake in the bodyRoutes of uptake in the body
•• IngestionIngestion
•• InhalationInhalation
•• Absorption Absorption – – inoculation, contact with mucousinoculation, contact with mucousmembranesmembranes
Containment Hood, Clean Bench & Containment Hood, Clean Bench & Fume HoodFume Hood
BiosafetyBiosafety RadiationRadiation
Radiation is the transfer of energy in the form of Radiation is the transfer of energy in the form of particles or waves. Wavelength is the oneparticles or waves. Wavelength is the onecharacteristic of radiation that helps to identifycharacteristic of radiation that helps to identify
..
BACKGROUND RADIATIONBACKGROUND RADIATION Types of radiationTypes of radiation
NonNon--ionizingionizing
radio wavesradio waves
IonizingIonizing
xx--raysraysmicrowavesmicrowaves
infrared (heat)infrared (heat)
visible lightvisible light
ultraviolet lightultraviolet light
gamma raysgamma rays
cosmic rayscosmic rays
beta particlesbeta particles
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Principle of TimePrinciple of Time
•• The less time youThe less time youspend near a sourcespend near a sourceof radiation the lessof radiation the less
receivereceive
•• WORK WORK EFFICIENTLY EFFICIENTLY
Principle of DistancePrinciple of Distance
•• The further you areaThe further you areaaway from a sourceaway from a sourcethe less exposure youthe less exposure you
,,something like thesomething like thefurther you are fromfurther you are fromthe stage at thethe stage at theconcert the lessconcert the less
“noisy” it will be “noisy” it will be
Principle of ShieldingPrinciple of Shielding
•• An appropriate barrier An appropriate barrierbetween you and thebetween you and thesource of radiationsource of radiation
exposure, much likeexposure, much likesitting under a beachsitting under a beachumbrella shields youumbrella shields youfrom the burning raysfrom the burning raysof the sun.of the sun.
Typical Nuclear Substance LabTypical Nuclear Substance Lab
Proper Lab Bench Set UpProper Lab Bench Set Up
•• A proper lab bench A proper lab benchincluding:including:
survey metersurvey meterwhole body shieldwhole body shield
spill traysspill trays
waste containerwaste container
labelinglabeling
etc.,etc.,
Lock it up !!Lock it up !!
•• All nuclear substances All nuclear substancesmust be securemust be secureagainst unauthorizedagainst unauthorized
..stock solutions arestock solutions arelocked awaylocked awaywhenever the lab iswhenever the lab isunoccupied by anunoccupied by anauthorized worker.authorized worker.
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XX--Ray equipmentRay equipment
XX--rays are produced when charged particles arerays are produced when charged particles are
accelerated by electrical voltage. Xaccelerated by electrical voltage. X--ray machines do notray machines do notcontinuously produce x radiation. The machine must becontinuously produce x radiation. The machine must beenergized by an operator turning a key or switch.energized by an operator turning a key or switch.
LasersLasers
There are four classes of lasersThere are four classes of lasers
– – Class 1, Class 2, Class 3A Class 1, Class 2, Class 3A and 3B, Class 4. Lasers areand 3B, Class 4. Lasers arefound in printers, pointers,found in printers, pointers,grocery scanners to name agrocery scanners to name a
..hazardous.hazardous.
Our biggest concern is theOur biggest concern is theClass 3B and Class 4 systemsClass 3B and Class 4 systemswhich can cause eye damage,which can cause eye damage,burns and other injuries.burns and other injuries.
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Fire Safety
Presented By:
Stephen Ellis
Environmental Health & SafetyJanuary 2010
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The Fire Triangle
Heat
Matches
Sun
Ci arette Butts
Fuel
Wood
Oil
Pa er
A fire must contain
all three elements.
Ignition Sources Gases
Air, Oxygen, or Oxidizers
The Fire Tetrahedron
Heat
Matches
Sun
Ci arette Butts
Fuel
Wood
Oil
Pa er
If one of the three
elements of fire is
eliminated, the fire
will cease.
Ignition Sources Gases
Air, Oxygen, or Oxidizers
ChemicalChain
Reaction
The Fire Tetrahedron
Heat
Matches
Sun
Ci arette Butts
Fuel
Wood
Oil
Pa er
Water:
Eliminates Heat
CO2: Dry Chemical: Ignition Sources Gases
Air, Oxygen, or Oxidizers
Eliminates Oxygen
Gas Shutoffs:
Eliminates Fuel
ChemicalChain
Reaction
Fire Myths and Fire Truths: Visibility
Myth
Visibility is clear.
Truth
Fires are dark.
Kurt Russell in Backdraft
Othergreat Kurt Russell moviesinclude Silkwood,
Tango & Cash, Tequila Sunrise, and Miracle.
Note that the firefighter in thedoorway cannot be seen.
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Fire Myths and Fire Truths: Time
Myth
There is ample time.
Truth
There is little or no time.
Fire Myths and Fire Truths: Death
Myth
People burn to death.
Truth
People die from smoke
inhalation. Carbon Monoxide.
This is why smokedetectors are of greater
value than heat detectors in
most instances.
Class A
Ordinary Combustibles• Paper
• Wood
• Plastics
Class A fires will generally leave an ash.
Class B
Flammable Liquids and Flammable Gases• Gasoline
• Oil
• Acetone
Class C
Class A or B Fires with an Electrical Hazard• Energized Electrical Equipment
• Outlets
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Class ABC
Dry Chemical• Eliminates Oxygen
Class D
Dry Powder• Eliminates Oxygen
Class K (Kitchen)
Wet Chemical• Eliminates Oxygen
Note: Many Class Kextinguishers arealso suitable forClass A fires.
Class AC
Water Mist• Eliminates Heat & Protects Equipment
When To Use?
• When it is absolutelynecessary.
• When the is a fire between you
and your escape route.
• When the fire is relativelycontained; e.g., a garbage can.
• When there is a realistic
opportunity to put out the fire.
YES NO
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Sprinklers
• Individual sprinklers will activate when
heated to the appropriate temperature.• Release about 75 to 150 liters/minute.
INERGEN®; Halon; CO2 Systems
• Deprive fires of oxygen.
• Dangerous for humans in such areas.• LSC, Chemical Stores Facility, Tupper.
Upon Hearing an Alarm
• Exit the room.
• Close the door behind you (leave unlocked).
• Follow the wardens instructions.
.
• Exit the building.
• Keep back from the building (min 50m).
• Wait for instructions from wardens, DalSecurity, or the HRM Fire Service.
If YOU Discover Fire
• Try and put out if it meets previous criteria.
• Close the door to the room and activate apull station.
• Exit the building.
• Give all information to wardens, DalSecurity, or HRM Fire Service.
Persons with Disabilities
• If you have a disability that prevents you
from leaving a building via stairwells, setup a buddy-system.
“ ”- -
areas.
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Re-Entering a Building
• DO NOT re-enter a building until given the
“OK” by the wardens, Dal Security, or theHRM Fire Service.
The Law
• You MUST leave a building upon hearing
an alarm, even in the case of a fire alarmdrill.
people who do not evacuate buildings.
Fires are Dangerous
• Treat fire and fire safety with respect.
• There are rarely second chances.
• Open flames are not permitted atDalhousie unless cleared through the
Safety Office.
Fires are Rare on Campus
• Dalhousie has had fires in the past, but
over the past decade they have beensmall, with minimal damage and no
.
• Small houses and buildings, prevalent atDalhousie, present the highest risk of fire.
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Industrial Hygiene
Presented By:
Raymond Ilson
Environmental Health & SafetyJanuary 2010
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PEAS Safety Orientation
Introduction to Industrial and Occupational Hygiene
Office of Environmental Health and Safety
Procedures and Best Practices
RAY ILSON
January 6, 2010 www.dal.ca/safety
PEAS Safety Orientation
Definition
• “The science and art devotedto theanticipation, recognition, evaluation and
control of factors and stresses (arising in or fromtheworkplaces), whichmaycause sickness, impairedhealth andwell being or significant discomfort, and
inefficiencyamongworkersoramongthecitizensofacommunity”- ACGIH
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Industrial/Occupational Hygienist
• person having university degree or degrees in engineering, chemistry, physics,
health physics, nursing, medicine, or related field, by virtue of special studies,
training,experience, and/orcertificationhascompetencein Industrial Hygiene.
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Scope of Industrial and Occupational Hygiene
• Anticipation
• Recognition
Procedures and Best Practices
• Evaluation
• Control
PEAS Safety Orientation
Anticipation
• Experience based review of hazards
• Design of process, equipment
• Present and future legislation/regulations
Procedures and Best Practices
• esearc
PEAS Safety Orientation
Recognition
• Raw materials, by-product, products
• Process and operations
• Records of accidents and diseases
• Walkaround –senses, experience, workers etc
Procedures and Best Practices
• Grab samples, data-logged samples
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PEAS Safety Orientation
Evaluation
• Sampling technique and strategy
• Instrumentation (Real time)
•
Procedures and Best Practices
,
PEAS Safety Orientation
Control
• Principle of control measures
• Hierarchy of control measures
• ALAR
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Principle of control measures
Protect at the
• Source
• Path
Procedures and Best Practices
• or er su en
PEAS Safety Orientation
Hierarchy of Controls
• Engineering controls
– Containment
– Ventilation
– Control of release
•
Procedures and Best Practices
– Training
– Timing, shared exposures ….
• PPE
– Last resort except for emergencies
PEAS Safety Orientation
Benefits of IH Program
• Improve health and hygiene
• Reduce compensation for injury/exposure
• Improve job satisfaction
• Reduce absenteeism
Procedures and Best Practices
• Improve productivity
• Improve workers’ attitude/morale
– Health, safety, wellness of worker, family …
PEAS Safety Orientation
Objectives
• Tocreateawarenessamongemployersandworkerson importance of IH/OHpractices in industry to preserve and protect health of workers from beingaffectedby hazardsin workingenvironment
• Toinvestigate effectsofspecifichazardon health ofworkerssothatshort and
Procedures and Best Practices
longtermmeasurescanbetakentocontrol thehazard
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PEAS Safety Orientation
Activities
• Occupational Hygiene Inspection
• Monitoring of occupational hazards• Biological monitoring
• Enforcement
Procedures and Best Practices
• Investigation of complaints / accidents
• Training
PEAS Safety Orientation
Industrial Hygiene Instruments
• Noise level –Dosimeters, SLM
• Lighting – Luxmeter • Heat –WBGT, thermometer
• Gas/Vapour/Fumes –Gas detector, Drager pump, monitors
Procedures and Best Practices
• Dust -particulate samplers
• Biohazards, chemicals, radioactives
PEAS Safety Orientation
Industrial Hygiene Monitoring
Monitoring of occupational hazards
Chemical
Biological
Physical
Procedures and Best Practices
Ergonomic
Mechanical
Psychosocial
PEAS Safety Orientation
Biological Monitoring
• Blood/Urine –Pb, Hg, Cd, radioactives, metabolic products of chemicals etc
• Lung Function Test
• Asbestos, Silica, Textile workers
• Timber processing workers (hardwoods)
Procedures and Best Practices
• HCP
• Chemical respiratory exposures
Audiometric testing
PEAS Safety Orientation
LOCKOUT TAGOUT
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
LOCKOUT TAGOUT
Procedures and Best Practices
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PEAS Safety Orientation
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Controlling Mercury Exposure
• Engineering Controls
– methods of modifying process to minimize the amount of substance in air
• Administrative Controls
– procedures and practices to reduce potential for exposure
– cleaning and maintenance to reduce contamination of individual or workplace
Procedures and Best Practices
– m ng e amoun o me an n v ua s expose o e su sance roug orotation, work/rest cycles
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PEAS Safety Orientation
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Preventing the Growth of Mould
Factors needed for Mould Growth
• Suitable Temperature
– 5-38 °C
• Nutrient Base
Procedures and Best Practices
– wood, paper, drywall, ceiling tiles, backing on carpets, soil or dirt found on other
surfaces, insulation or ductwork
• Water
– humid to damp surface
PEAS Safety Orientation
Slips and Fall Hazards
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
What is noise?
• Sound is what we hear
• Noise is
– “unwanted sound”
Procedures and Best Practices
–
– sound that interferes with meaningful sound
– sound with potential to cause adverse health effects
– e.g. loud music can cause damage even if you enjoy it
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PEAS Safety Orientation
Procedures and Best Practices
From “Practical LossControl Leadership”,FrankBird,1996.
PEAS Safety Orientation
Controlling Noise at the Source
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Controlling Noise Along the Path
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Controlling Noise At the Receiver:Hearing Protective Devices (HPDs)
• properly fitted hearing protection reduces amount of sound entering the ear
• in high noise situations, HPDs help improve ability to understand speech and
hear signals
Procedures and Best Practices
– ow s re uce t e overa soun eve reac ng t e nner ear so t s
less overwhelming for the hair cells and easier to distinguish sounds
PEAS Safety Orientation
Thermal Insulation
Procedures and Best Practices
• Pipe Insulation • Boiler Insulation
PEAS Safety Orientation
Type 3 Operations
Procedures and Best Practices
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PEAS Safety Orientation
Type 3 Operations
• Full decontamination chambers
• Clean and dirty change rooms separatedby shower
• Every worker must remove contaminated
Procedures and Best Practices
water provided) before leaving
PEAS Safety Orientation
Cross Section of Reactor Pool
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Procedures and Best Practices
PEAS Safety Orientation
Procedures and Best Practices
QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
ANDAND
DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
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Flammable or combustible
liquids in amounts in excessof 10 liters present
Any reactive ( as defined by
WHMIS ) present
Compressed gas cylinders
greater than lecture bottle
size normally present
Cryogenic material(s)
normally present
Temperature
Equipment operating at a
temperature in excess of
250 C present
Biohazardous materials
including body fluids,
unfixed cell tissue or org
cultures, viral, bacterial,
rickettsial, fungal or
parasitic agents requiring
BSL 2 or greater presen
Any radioactive material
present
X-RAY
An x-ray emitting device
present
Microwave
Equipment capable of
generating microwave
energy in excess of 10
mWIcm2 averaged over
0.1 hour present
Lasers
Class 3 or Class 4 lasers
present
In Case Of Emergenc Call 4109
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Ultraviolet light
High Voltage
Gloves Required
In Case Of Emer enc Call 4109
Corrosives in excess of
liters or 10 kilograms
present
Toxic chemicals ( as def
. by WHMIS) present in
amounts in excess of 10kilograms
Ultraviolet light sources
operating at a waveleng
capable of germicidal
irradiation present
Exposed electrical ( 11 0
or higher) contacts or a
equipment which operat
at 600 V or above prese
Gloves required
Hearing Protection
Required
Eye Protection Required
Protecting Clothing Required
Any noise source present
which operates at acontinuous noise level of 85
dB(A) or impact noise in
excess of 140 dB.
Static magnetic field in
excess of 1.0 mT (lOG)
present
Hearing protection required
Eye protection required
Protective Clothing
Required
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Dalhousie University is a
Scent-Free and Smoke-Free Environment!
For more information visit:www.dal.ea/seentfree and
www.dal.ea/smokefree
Please do not smoke and avoid
wearing scented personal care
products when you come to
class, to work and to visit
Dalhousie University. Why? We
all breathe the same air.
Dalhousie is a nationalleader among universities for
its scent-free and smoke-free
policies. It's committed to
providing a safe and healthy
environment.
Smoking is prohibited at
Dalhousie and smokers are
asked not to light up on
campus. Fragrances can
trigger asthma attacks,
allergies and other medical
conditions, so the University
asks people to avoid wearing
scented personal care products
to work, in the classroom and
in all shared public spaces,
including at Dalplex, the
libraries and the Dalhousie
Arts Centre.
Thank you for your
cooperation.
We all share the air.
Sincerely,
The Office of
Environmental Health
and Safety
• DALHOUSIE\!7 UNIVERSITY
Inspiring Minds
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IT CAN'T GO DOWN THE DRAIN IF IT IS
(.- INSOLUBLE IN WATER
Includes fats, oils and other petroleum products and most organic
solvents .
. . FLAMMABLE
Includes materials such as alcohols, acetone and similar flammable
liquids .
. .
..
HIGHLY ACIDIC
(pH below 5)
HIGHLY BASICTalfiK
(pH above 10)
. . TOXIC OR NON-BIODEGRADABLE
Includes solutions containing:
- Metals such as arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead, nickel and
silver, mercury, thallium,
- Cyanides, azides and other toxic
materials,
- Toxic organic compounds,
- Dyes and other intensely coloured
materials.
(.- RADIOACTIVE WASTE
MORE INFORMATION
Check www.dal.ca/safety for:
... Dalhousie's Waste Disposal Guides
(i n the Laboratory and Chemical section)
... W-101- HRM's Waste Water Discharge By-Law
(in the Laws and Regulations section)
lUiI DALHOUSIEContact the Safety Office at [email protected] W UNIVERSITY
ill Sj; iri lig Vlil/ ds
B E f O ~ E Tl'iE
{!Iean Novo Scotia -~ " " , , ~ i d twww.dal.ca/safety
Art work provided by Mike Holmes. 2005.
Copyright Clean NS. Used with permissiolL
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Sample Procedure for LI FEPAK® CR Plus Automated
External Defibrillator (AED) (semiautomatic model)
NOTE: If AED is not immediately available, perform CPR until AED arrives on the scene.
Assess scene for safety.
• Determine unresponsiveness.
• Activate system Dial 41 09 (494-41 09)• Open airway (A).
• Check for breathing (B)-if not breathing, or if breathlng is ineffective, give two slow breaths.
• Check for signs of circulation, such as pulse and coughing, or movement (C).
• If no signs of circulation, apply AED immediately.
• Press the LID RELEASE/ON-OFF button to open the lid; this turns on the AED. Follow voice prompts. Do not touch
the victim unless instructed to do so.
• Follow voice prompts to apply electrode pads. Shave chest hair (if it is so excessive it prevents a good seal between
electrodes and skin). If the Victim's chest is dirty or wet, wipe the chest clean and dry.
• Stand clear of victim while machine evaluates victim's heart rhythm.
SHOCK ADVISED:• Clear area, make sure no one is touching the victim. Push SHOCK button when instructed. Device will evaluate the
victim's heart rhythm and shockup to three times. After three shocks device will prompt to check pulse (or for
breathing or signs of circulation) and if absent, start CPR. If pulse or signs of circulation such as nonnal breathing
and movement are absent, perform CPR for one minute. Device will countdown one minute of CPR and will auto
matically re-evaluate victim's heart rhythm when CPR time is over.
NO SHOCK ADVISED: "
• Device will prompt to check pulse (or for breathing or signs of circulation) and if absent, startCPR. If pulse or signs
of circulation such as nonnal breathing and movement are absent, perform CPR for one minute. If pulse or signs
of circulation such as breathing and movement are present, check for normal breathlng. If victim is not breathing
normally, give rescue breaths at a rate of 12 per minute. AED will automatically evaluate victim's heart rhythm after
one minute.
• Continue cycles of heart rhythm evaluations, shocks (if advised) and CPR until professional help arrives. Victim must
be transported to hospital. Leave AED attached to victim until EMS arrives and disconnects AED.
AFTER USE:• AED data will be downloaded within 24 hours (weekdays) with copies sent to: EMS, authorizing physician and envi
ronmental health department. .
• the AED will be wiped clean according to policy.
• Both the QUIK-PAKTM electrode packet and the CHARGE-PAKTM battery charger must be replaced after every use.
• Contents of attached resuscitation kit must be replaced if used.
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University Environmental Health & Safety Office
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
WHMIS is a set of interlocking Federal and Provincial laws and regulations
which give employers and employees information they need to work safely
with chemicals.
Duties of Suppliers of Workplace Chemicals:
. / Assess products against a set of hazard criteria
. / For products which meet one or more hazard criteria,
. . label product as specified by WHMIS
provide customers with Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - documents
which provide detailed information on the produds composition, hazards,
and safety procedures and precautions.
Duties of Employers:
. / Train employees .
. / Ensure containers are labelled with supplier iabels.
. / When supplier labels are damaged or not available, ensure that containers are
labelled with 'workplace labels'.
. / Provide employees with ready access to MSDS.
Duties of Employees:
. / Participate in training.
. / Follow prescribed safe work practices.
. / Use required protective equipment.
For more information, see the VVHMIS Handbook available from the
Dalhousie Safety Office or: http://www.dal.ce/safety
Seymour Street. Halifax. Nova Scotia. B3H 3M6 (902) 494-2495 Fax: 494-2996 rANUARY 200
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--
--
WHMIS
Hazard Symbols and Classes
Class This symbol represents ..• This material ... To Protect Yourself ..
• store cylinders in designated_areas,
cylinder may explode if dropped or• poses an explosion hazard as
away from heat and out of direct sunlightA Compressed • ensure all cylinders are securelyeated .
Gas strapped or chained in placemay produce a health hazard if gas(2)• handle cylinder carefully; do not
oil or damage valve or regulator
leaks into a small, unventilated space
• store the material in a cool area poses a fire hazard
®
designt!d for flammable storage
sparks, or flames or as a result of friction• may cause a fire when exposed to heat,
• use the material away from sources ofB Combustibleheat, flames or sparksmay burst into flame spontaneously
and flammablein air or release a flammable gas on
materialcontact with water
• flammable materials ignite at lowertemperatures than combustible materials
@• poses a fire and explosion hazard in the • store in designated areas away from
presence of flammable or .combustible combus tible materials
C materials • use material away from sources of
materialOxidizing
ignitionmay read violently or cause fire when it
comes into contact with combustible • wear the appropriate protective
materials equipment, inc:luding eye, face and
hand protection and protective c:lothingmay damage skin and eyes
• poses a reaction, fire or explosion hazard
• may read with water to release a toxic
or flammable gas
• may explode as a resu It of shock,
friction or heat
• may undergo vigorous polymerization
Poisonous and infectious material
®
• poses a potentially fatal poisoning risk Immediate
• may be fatal or cause permanentand serious
damage if it is inhaled, swallOwedtoxic effects or absorbed through'the skin • store the material in designated areas
• handle the material with appropriatemay damage eyes or skin caution
• poses other hazards including delayed ··
0• wear the appropriate protective
health hazards equipment, induding eye, face and
hand protection, respiratory protedion
D
• may cause death or permanent damageand protective dothings a result of prolonged or repeated
exposureOther
• work in well-ventilated areastoxic effects• may irritate eyes or skin or produce a skin • wash thoroughly after using material
@. . or respiratory allergy
• may cause cancer• may cause birth defects or sterility
• poses a risk of serious infection or • handle biohazardous material carefully
Infectious
Biohazardoususing specialized containment cabinets
and appropriate personal protective
disease
materialequipment and clothing
• poses a direct contact hazard • keep containe rs tightly closed
- • wear all necessary protective equipmentcauses severe eye and skin damageE Corrosive including eye, face and hand protection,
material• may be harmful if inhaled or swallowedr ~ ' ' 1
respiratory protection, and protective
clothing
• use in a fumehood
• store the material in a cool dry area-designed for dangerously reactiveDangerously( ~ \ I i ) materialreactive
• protect from heat, mechanical shockmaterial, - l i ~ and contact with water or other
chemicals
Street. Halifax. Nova Scotia, B3H 3M6 (902) 494-2495 Fax:: 494-2996 JANUARY 20
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[jB) DALHOUSIE Environmental Health and SafetyW UNIVERSITY
Inspiring Minds
COMBUSTIBLES
LIQUIDS
ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT
COMBUSTIBLE
METALS
THE SAFE ZONE
THE ABC's OF .PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Type A Extinguishers
Used on type A fires involving ordinary combustibles such aswood, paper, clothing, fabrics, most plastics and rubber.
Type '8 Extinguishers
Used on type B flammable liquid fires. Included are liquidssuch as gasoline, many paints, cooking oil and other oils.Using water on a type B fire could cause the burning liquid tospread to other areas and ignite other nearby combustiblematerials.
Type C Extinguishers
Used on type C electrical fires including fires in energizedelectrical equipment such as fuse boxes, power bars, motorsand other pieces of electrically energized equipment. Using
the wrong extinguisher on an electrical fire presents anelectrocution risk.
Type D Extinguishers
Type 0 extinguishers are special extinguishers used on
burning metals such as sodium or magnesium. They arefound only in metal working shops and some hazardousmaterial storerooms.
Combination Extinguishers
Also available are combination extinguishers which areeffective against several types of fires. The most commoncombination extinguishers are BC and ABC extinguishers.
Environmental Health and Safety ·1391 Seymour Street· Halifax, Nova Scotia 83H 3M6
902.494.2495' (FAX) 902.494.2996 • [email protected] • www.dal.ca/safety
"We Share the Air" - Dalhousie is a Scent-Free / Smoke-Free Environment
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THE SAFE ZONE CONTINUED . . .
CLASS A Silver extinguishers containing water under pressure.
CLASS BC
CLASS ABC
Red extinguishers with a black flexible hose connected to a largediameter black "horn" or nozzle. These extinguishers containpressurized carbon dioxide which, when released, deprives a fireof oxygen. The carbon dioxide from a BC extinguisher is.verycold . Be careful not to allow the cold gas or chilled metal parts tocontact the skin.
Red or red-orange extinguishers which have a black
hose rather than a "horn". VVhen discharged, ABCextinguishers release a solid powder which smothers aflame.
FIGHT A SMALL FIRE:
1. SOUND THE ALARM to begin the building evacuation.2 . CHOOSE THE CORRECT EXTINGUISHER for the type of ire.3. MAKE SURE YOU ALWAYS HAVE A SAFE ESCAPE ROUTE.
4. GET AS CLOSE AS YOU CAN TO THE FIRE.
PULL the pin that will release the handle. AIM the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire.
SQUEEZE the handle.
SWEEP the nozzle from side to side moving forward as you extinguish theflames.
5. WATCH that the fire does not re-ignite from a hot spot.
Environmental Health and Safety ·1391 Seymour Street· Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3M6902.494.2495 • (FAX) 902.494.2996 • [email protected] • www.dal.ca/safety
"We Share the Air" - Dalhousie is a Scent-Free / Smoke-Free Environment
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DALHOUSIE Environmental Health & Safety Office
University
THESAFE ZONE
BASIC COMPRESSED GAS SAFETY
USING COMPRESSED GASES:
1. Limit quantities of compressed gases present in the laboratory. Ensure that cylinders are always labelled
2. Treat all cylinders as full. Keep them in the upright position, secured to a wall or bench.
3. Never allow a cylinder to fall or bang against another cylinder.
4. Position the cylinder so you can easily reach the cylinder valve and regulator.
5. Select the correct regulator for the gas. Never adapt a
regulator designed for use with a different gas.
6. Use only manufacturer approved regulator lubricants.
Under pressure, gases such as oxygen, react dangerously
with oil or grease lubricants.
7. Ground all flammable gas cylinders.
8. Only use the regulator to control pressure. Do not try to control flow rate with a regulator alone.
9. Check distribution system for leaks daily. A 50% glycerine/water or a soap solution works well except with
oxidizing gases.
10. Never transfer gases between cylinders.
11. Do not pressurize glass equipment.
12. When gas will not be used for several days, remove the regulator and replace the cylinder cap.
13. Do not completely drain high pressure cylinders. When pressure falls to 30 psi, discontinue use, close value,
remove regulator, replace cap, mark “MT” and return cylinder to supplier.
1391 Seymour Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3M6 (902) 494-2495 Fax: 494-2996 JUNE 2002
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THE SAFE ZONE CONTINUED . . .
STORING COMPRESSED GASES:
1. Store compressed gas cylinders in the upright position, secured to
a wall or a bench.
2. Do not store cylinders - even empty ones - in corridors
or stairwells.
3. Store cylinders in a fire-resistant, well-ventilated area,
away from sources of heat and out of direct sunlight. Protect
from temperatures above 30
o
C.
4. Store gases which support combustion (i.e. oxygen, fluorine,
chlorine) well away from fuel gases (i.e. hydrogen, methane,
carbon monoxide).
5. If possible, store flammable gases outdoors, connected to a
piped distribution system.
TRANSPORTING COMPRESSED GASES:
- Within Dalhousie Buildings
1. Always use a cylinder cart to move cylinders.
Chain cylinder to the cart.
2. Ensure that the cylinder cap is in place before
moving a cylinder.
- Off-Campus
1. Do not transport compressed gases on public roads
without Safety Office authorization.
2. Do not move compressed gases in closed vehicles.
3. Secure cylinders in the upright position.
1391 Seymour Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3M6 (902) 494-2495 Fax: 494-2996 JUNE 2002
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DALHOUSIE Environmental Health &Safety Office
University
SAFEzONEHE
TOOLSHand tools are designed to do a particular job. Using the wrong tool orusing the tool improperly, can damage the tool, the work, or even cause
an injury.
Before You Start
• Don't work alone.
• Dress properly to reduce the chances of an entanglement injury. Keep long hair
tied back and sleeve cuffs buttoned. Don't wear loose clothing.
• Don't service electrically energized equipment. Disconnect the power cord orshut o ff the circuit breaker.
• Check materials for defects. Check wood for knots, nails or staples. Checkmetal pieces for burrs.
Choose the Correct Tool
• Metal snips are designed to make either straight cuts or to cut to the left or right.
• Hand saws are made for ripping or cutting across the wood grain.
• Different types of hammer and mallets are not interchangeable.
• Don't use screw drivers or knives when you need a pry tool.
• Don't use pliers when you need a wrench.
• Don't use chisels to remove paint or as a replacement for a screwdriver.
Choose Ergonomically Designed Tools to Reduce the Likelihood of Injury
• Select hammers that are designed to protect your wrist from harmful shock andvibration.
• Choose saws and similar tools that don't require you to bend your wrist.
• Look for tools, such as pliers and cutters, that are sized to your hand.
• Select ratchet-type tools to reduce the injury that can result from repetitiveforceful wrist movements.
1391 Seymour Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3M6 (902) 494-2495 Fax: 494-2996 MA Y 2003
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THE ZONE CONTINUED . . .AFEUse Tools Properly
• Don't use damaged tools. Don't use striking tools (such as hammer or cold
chisels) if the head is cracked or "mushroomed". Don't use tools with cracked orloose handles.
• Don't use excessive force. The need for excessive force probably means youare using the wrong tool. Don't strike the handle of a wrench with a hammer tofree a tight nut. Get a longer wrench or use penetrating oil.
• Secure the work piece. Use a clamp or a vice if necessary.
• Use a hammer so that the striking face is parallel to the surface being struck toavoid the hammer glancing off the target. causing injury. Don't hit one hammerwith another.
• Use hand saws properly. Apply pressure on the downward stroke. Keep ripsaws at a 60 degree angle to the wood. Use cross cut saws at a 45 degreeangle.
• Don't cut towards your body unless you are using a tool such as a draw knifespecially designed for that use.
• Install the blade of a hacksaw with the teeth pointing forward. Keep the bladetight and frame of the saw properly aligned while you cut.
• Be conscious of the risk of fire when using soldering irons or other hot tools.Keep flammables away and unplug the tool immediately after you have finishedusing It.
• Keep cutting tools sharp. Sharp tools work better and you are less likely toinjure yourself with a sharp tool than with a dull one.
• Never carry sharp or pointed tools in your pocket. Use a tool belt.
Store Tools Properly
• When possible, use a tool rack.
• Prevent rust. Lightly oil tools that will be stored for extended periods.
• Store knives and other sharp tools in a way which doesn't damage the blade.
Use Protective Equipment
• Wear safety eye wear and safety shoes whenever you are working with tools.
• Wear gloves when working with rough materials or to prevent cut or punctureinjuries.
• Wear hearing protection in noisy situations.
• Wear a mask when working in dusty situations or when exposed to chemical fumes.
1391 Seymour Street, Halifax, Nova ScoUa , B3H 3M6 (902) 494-2495 Fax: 494-2996 MAY 2003
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Sigma-Aldrich - 244279Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
www.sigma-aldrich.com Page
SIGMA-ALDRICH
Material Safety Data Shee
Version 3Revision Date 07/30/20
Print Date 12/11/20
1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Product name : Hydrofluoric acid
Product Number : 244279Brand : Sigma-Aldrich
Company : Sigma-Aldrich Canada, Ltd2149 Winston Park DriveOAKVILLE ON L6H 6J8CANADA
Telephone : +19058299500Fax : +19058299292Emergency Phone # : 800-424-9300
2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Formula : HF
CAS-No. EC-No. Index-No. Concentration
Hydrofluoric acid 7664-39-3 231-634-8 009-003-00-1 48 %
Water
7732-18-5 231-791-2 - 52 %
3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Emergency Overview
Target Organs
Liver, Kidney
WHMIS ClassificationD1AD2BE
Very Toxic Material Causing Immediate andSerious Toxic Effects
Highly toxic by ingestionHighly toxic by skin absorptionHighly toxic by inhalationModerate eye irritantCorrosive
HMIS ClassificationHealth Hazard: 4 Chronic Health Hazard: * Flammability: 0 Physical hazards: 0
Potential Health Effects
Inhalation May be fatal if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of the
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Sigma-Aldrich - 244279Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
www.sigma-aldrich.com Page 2
mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Skin Causes skin burns. May be fatal if absorbed through skin.Eyes Causes eye burns. Ingestion May be fatal if swallowed. Causes burns.
4. FIRST AID MEASURES
General adviceConsult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.Move out of dangerous area.
If inhaledIf breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration Consult a physician.
In case of skin contactTake off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Take victimimmediately to hospital. Consult a physician.
In case of eye contactContinue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes andconsult a physician.
If swallowedDo NOT induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consulta physician.
5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
Flammable propertiesFlash point no data available
Ignition temperature no data available Suitable extinguishing mediaUse water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special protective equipment for fire-fightersWear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautionsWear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel tosafe areas.
Environmental precautionsPrevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.
Methods for cleaning upSoak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers fordisposal.
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
HandlingAvoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
StorageKeep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefullyresealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
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Sigma-Aldrich - 244279Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
www.sigma-aldrich.com Page 3
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Components with workplace control parameters
Components CAS-No. Value Controlparameters
Update Basis
Hydrofluoric acid 7664-39-3 (c) 3 ppm 2.3 mg/m3
2007-01-01 Canada. Alberta,Occupational Health andSafety Code (table 2: OEL)
C 2 ppm 2006-11-29 Canada. British ColumbiaOEL
TWAEV
0.5 ppm 2005-12-17 Canada. Ontario OELs
CEV 2 ppm 2005-12-17 Canada. Ontario OELs
C 3 ppm
2.6 mg/m3
2006-12-29 Canada. Quebec OELs
Remarks A substance which may not be recirculated in accordance with section 108
Personal protective equipment
Respiratory protectionWhere risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. Ifthe respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators andcomponents tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Hand protectionHandle with gloves.
Eye protectionTightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Skin and body protectionChoose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the workplace.
Hygiene measuresAvoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling theproduct.
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance
Form liquid
Safety data
pH no data available
Melting point no data available
Boiling point no data available
Flash point no data available
Ignition temperature no data available
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Sigma-Aldrich - 244279Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
www.sigma-aldrich.com Page 4
Lower explosion limit no data available
Upper explosion limit no data available
Water solubility no data available
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Storage stabilityStable under recommended storage conditions.
Hazardous decomposition productsHazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Hydrogen fluoride
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Acute toxicity
no data available
Irritation and corrosion
no data available
Sensitisation
no data available
Chronic exposure
IARC: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified asprobable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
Potential Health Effects
Inhalation May be fatal if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of themucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.
Skin Causes skin burns. May be fatal if absorbed through skin.Eyes Causes eye burns. Ingestion May be fatal if swallowed. Causes burns. Target Organs Liver, Kidney,
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Elimination information (persistence and degradability)
no data available
Ecotoxicity effects
no data available
Further information on ecology
no data available
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
ProductObserve all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposalservice to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemicalincinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.
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Contaminated packagingDispose of as unused product.
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
DOT (US) UN-Number: 1790 Class: 8 (6.1) Packing group: II
Proper shipping name: Hydrofluoric acidMarine pollutant: NoPoison Inhalation Hazard: No
IMDG UN-Number: 1790 Class: 8 (6.1) Packing group: II EMS-No: F-A, S-BProper shipping name: HYDROFLUORIC ACIDMarine pollutant: No
IATA UN-Number: 1790 Class: 8 (6.1) Packing group: IIProper shipping name: Hydrofluoric acid
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
DSL StatusAll components of this product are on the Canadian DSL list.
WHMIS ClassificationD1AD2BE
Very Toxic Material Causing Immediate andSerious Toxic Effects
Highly toxic by ingestionHighly toxic by skin absorptionHighly toxic by inhalationModerate eye irritantCorrosive
16. OTHER INFORMATION
Further informationCopyright 2009 Sigma-Aldrich Co. License granted to make unlimited paper copies for internal use only.The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as aguide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to theproduct with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of theproduct. Sigma-Aldrich Co., shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact withthe above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale.