Safety of Dangerous Goods and Security

City AtriumVooruitgangstraat 56

1210 BRUSSEL

info@mobilit.fgov.bewww.mobilit.fgov.be

ADR Road Checks

1773

989

2024

570

2015

904

2153

1264

2301

1534

2211

1766

2046

2087

3926

1252

4975

901

4635

827

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Number of inspected vehicles

SPF Mobility & Transport Police

T:2762 T:2594

T:2919

T:3417

T:3835T:3977

T:4133

T:5178

T:5876

T:5462

ADR Road Checks

SPF Mobility & Transport + Police

  Country groups

Total

2010Belgium

Other EU members

Non EU members

Number of vehicles inspected 3050 2371 43 5464

% of inspected vehicles with infractions 25% 19% 23% 22%

% of vehicles immobilized   9% 6% 12% 8%

Number of infractions per inspected vehicle

Cat. 1 (heavy) 0,10 0,07 0,12 0,09

Cat. 2 (medium) 0,11 0,07 0,09 0,09

Cat 3 (light) 0,21 0,15 0,14 0,18

% of vehicles where sanctions were taken

Warning 1% 0% 0% 0%

Fine 2% 19% 23% 10%

Other (PV) 24% 0% 0% 13%

ADR Road Checks

140

179184

7276

52

87

70

52

63

50

3339

21

3424

1715

1710

1116 13

91111

810

3 4 512 12

16

29

13 13 15 13

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

(7.3.7) (13.1) (1.2) (1.1) (6.4) (2.2) +(2.1)

(6.1) (7.1.2) (7.1.1) (6.2) (13.2) (13.3) (3.1+3.2)

Most frequent heavy infractions

2008 2009 2010

ADR Road Checks

68

59 58

99

53 5460

24

1715

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ADR vehicle approval certificate (2.1/ 2.2 (/2.3))

ADR Road Checks

41

24

32

19

28

33 33

1315

13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ADR driver certificate (3.1/ 3.2/ (3.3))

ADR Road Checks

5249 50

53

49

3329

16 13

9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

non UN tested packaging (7.1.2)

ADR Road Checks

267

234

259

224

280

242 240

132

8397

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Labels and orange placards (6.1/ 6.2/ 6.3/ 6.4/ 6.5/ 6.6/ 7.2.1/ 7.2.2)

ADR Road Checks

45

38 38

49 4947

29

20 2018

0

10

20

30

40

50

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Leakage or damaged packaging (7.3.1/ 7.3.2/ 7.3.9/ 8.2.2/ 9.2)

ADR Road Checks

141

158175

211

255

163

194

140

179 184

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Load securing (7.3.7)

ADR and Cargo Securing

ADR enforcement bodies informal meeting Brussels 7/7/2011

Overview1. Introduction2. Legislation: ADR & European Guidelines3. Cargo securing principles4. Calculations5. Recommendations6. Discussion

1. Introduction

1. Introduction 25% of accidents involving trucks

attributed to inadequate cargo securing Consequences: Personal losses, traffic

jams, economical losses,… Long standing issue in road traffic leading

to widespread initiatives and measures Different approaches and enforcement

practices between different ADR contracting parties

2. Legislation ADR section 7.5.7 until 2005

7.5.7 Handling and stowage7.5.7.1 The various components of a load comprising dangerous goods

shall be properly stowed on the vehicle or in the container and secured by appropriate means to prevent them from being significantly displaced in relation to each other and to the walls of the vehicle or container. The load may be protected, for example, by the use of side wall fastening straps, sliding slatboards and adjustable brackets, air bags and anti-slide locking devices. The load is also sufficiently protected within the meaning of the first sentence if each layer of the whole loading space is completely filled with packages.

2. Legislation ADR section 7.5.7 from 2007 (as currently and taken

over from the UN Model Regulations)7.5.7.1 Where appropriate the vehicle or container shall be fitted with

devices to facilitate securing and handling of dangerous goods. Packages containing dangerous goods and unpackaged dangerous articles shall be secured by suitable means capable of restraining the goods (such as fastening straps, sliding slatboards, adjustable brackets) in the cargo transport unit in a manner that will prevent any movement during transport which would change the orientation of the packages or cause them to be damaged. When dangerous goods are transported with other goods (e.g. heavy machinery or crates), all goods shall be securely fixed or packed in the cargo transport units so as to prevent the release of dangerous goods. Movement of packages may also be prevented by filling any voids by the use of dunnage or by blocking and bracing. Where restraints such as banding or straps are used, these shall not be over-tightened to cause damage or deformation of the package.

2. Legislation ADR section 7.5.7 from 2009Footnote: Guidance on the stowage of dangerous goods can be found in the

European Best Practice Guidelines on Cargo Securing for Road Transport published by the European Commission. Other guidance is also available from competent authorities and industry bodies.

UN Model Regulations 7.1.1 Note 2Reference to IMO/ILO/UNECE Guidelines for packing CTUs, modal andnational codes of practice

UN Model Regulations 7.1.1.11 (new 2011)Stowage of flexible bulk containers…

2. Legislation European Best Practice Guidelines on Cargo Securing

for Road Transport (started 2002 – published 2006)

Published by the European Commission Non-mandatory Based largely on existing UK and German best

practices, industry standards and European standard EN 12195

Comprehensive review of lashing methods, calculation models, …

2. Legislation ADR 7.5.7.1 devices to facilitate securing & secured by

suitable means “ => EN 12195 + EN 12640

(B) Royal Decree 27/4/2007 art. 1.2 & 7

2. Legislation ADR 7.5.7.1 prevent damage or deformation of the

package” => Examples

(B) Royal Decree 27/4/2007 art 4:“adequate transport packaging”

2. Legislation ADR 7.5.7.1 prevent any movement which would change

the orientation of the packages or cause them to be damaged:

(B) Royal Decree 27/4/2007 art 4

3. Cargo securing principles Forces-> Fg = gravitational force = mass x 9,81 m/s² ≈ [mass in kg] daN

-> Forces of inertia: object in motion naturally stays in motion

-> Friction forces: energy dissipation through heat losses

3. Cargo securing principles-> Cargo securing forces = counterforces applied by securing

For lashings:Lashing capacity = force resistance before rupture of lashing Tension force = actual force exerted by the lashing on the load in a top-down lashing

-> Interaction: Newton’s laws of motion and classical mechanicsThe friction and cargo securing forces must

compensate for the forces of inertia during breaking, turning or acceleration

3. Cargo securing principles Friction-> enhances cargo/surfaceInteraction-> reduces the magnitude ofInertia forces to be compensated-> can be increased artificiallyBy use of friction placemats,…-> friction coefficients are givenIn tables in the European Guidelines, EN 12195, VDI 2700,…

Example:(no friction) – (friction)

3. Cargo securing principles Calculations are based on stable load

units: resist 26° tilt test

Examples: (1) – (2) – (3)

3. Cargo securing principles Load bearing capacity depends on cargo

transport unit (CTU) construction: containers (ISO 1496-1), swap bodies (EN 283), L & XL trailers (EN 12642)

3. Cargo securing principles Load bearing capacity depending on CTU

construction:

Discussion

Cargo secured but lashing has cut into a UN cartboard box: 4.1.1.1 or 7.5.7.1?

Cargo secured by filling voids: visibility of the danger labels?

Cargo secured by lashing not conforming to a standard on vehicle without evidence of EN 12642 approval?

4. Calculations Based on EN 12195-1

Check cargo securing

Visible infractions?

Verify cargo securing according to EN 12195 or

IMO/ILO/UNECE

NO

Report and fine

YES

Post inspection after securing of cargo

Infraction?

NO

Cargo securing OK

YES

4. Calculations Alternative: certificate for standardized

cargo and CTUs

4. Calculations Information needed:

Type of load securing (blocking, lashing,…) Mass and setup of the load units Lashing capacity and tension force Lashing angle Friction factor Vehicle load bearing capacity

4. Calculations Example:8 boxes: 2 x 2 x 1.7m3000 kg/boxStatic friction box/floor: 0.4Lashing: STF = 400 daN

EN 12195-1 IMO/ILO/UNECE-> table: 1 lashing per box

-> (calculation sheet):2 lashings per box

5. Recommendations Emphasis on inspector training Development of guidance material,

calculation tools, … Cross - evaluation of technical

requirements (e.g. for transport packaging between ADR, EN 12195-1, …)

Uniform enforcement approach in the EU

Allow flexibility and alternatives“the perfect is the enemy of the good” - Voltaire

Discussion

Responsabilities after restowing based on inspection?

Calculations in practice for mixed loads? Different results for EN 12195-1 and

IMO/ILO/UNECE?

Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Thank you for your attention