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Safety measures during Oil Exploration & Drilling

Dr Naveen Raj

Chief General ManagerCorporate HSE, ONGC, New Delhi

CDIM-20194-6th December 2019, Gangtok

A Typical Reservoir Drive Mechanism

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Integrated: Dominant National Energy conglomerate

3

Domestic E&P

SEZ

Overseas E&P Refinery PowerPetchem, LNG,

DownstreamService and other

(100%)

(49.98%

)

(49.00%

)

(32.72%

)

(26.00%

)

(50.00%

)

(71.62%

)

(51.11%

)

(50.00%

)

(26.00%

)

(49.00%

)

(12.50%

)

(51.11%

)

1.4Reserve

Replacement ratio

(5 yr. avg.)

1863

MMTO

E2P Reserves

> ₹

3622

BnGross

Revenue in FY 18

� Exploration

� Drilling

� Production & Processing

� Storage and Transportation

4

ONGC’s Activities

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E&P Infrastructure

27 Seismic Crew

121Drilling Rig

88 Work Over Rig

107Well Stimulation

Unit

5

E&P Infrastructure

240 Onshore Installations

202Offshore Installations

> 25,000 Km Pipelines

79 Offshore Supply Vessels

6

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Domestic E&P: Resource Base

7* Charter-hire

Seismic Crews: 16+3*

Drilling Rigs: 68+39*

Work-over Rigs:

48+30*

Well Stimulation Units: 126 Well Logging units: 28+65*

Offshore Installation: 289 Onshore Installation: 261

Pipelines: 25,659 Kms

OSVs/ MSVs: 09+59*

Well Stimulation

Vessel: 1+1*

Institutes: 12

Manpower: 31,769

FPSO: 2*

Process Complex: 13

Well Head Platform 237

Plants: 3

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Hazards in oil & gas industry

Safety and Injury hazards

1. Fire & Explosions

2. Slips, Trips and Falls

3. Working inside confined

space

4. Motor vehicle accidents

5. Contact Injury

Health & Illness hazards

1. Chemical

2. Physical

3. Biological

4. Ergonomic

5. Psychological

The aim of SMS is to identify and assess health and safety

hazards at work places and to define appropriate control

and retrieval steps

Risk management in oil & gas industry

Process involves

1. Planning

2. Risk Identification

3. Risk Assesment

4. Risk Recording

5. Risk Control

6. Follow on assessment

7. Monitor & Review

“The essence of risk management

Is to avoid high risks, manage

medium risks, and live with

low risks.”

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Control Measure to prevent Incident

1.Engineering Control (isolation of source, lockout procedure, design, process or procedural changes, monitoring and warning equipment, chemical or material substitution.)

2. Administrative Control (through personnel, management, monitoring, limiting worker exposure, measuring performance, training and education, housekeeping and preventive maintenance, quality purchasing, audits, SOP.)

3. PPE (body protection, fall protection, ensure proper breathing in confined space.)

Seismic survey

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Seismic survey

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PORTABLE MAST RAISING

MOBILE RIG TELESCOPIC RAISING

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Working at Height

Ensure Top man escape device is tested at new location and is working properly.

Also it should be provided with proper landing platform.

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Rig Floor Area

1. Ensure proper house keeping;

� Rig floor should be kept clean and non-slippery.� All un-wanted material should be off loaded from the rig floor.� All drilling handling tools including power tongs, elevators, slips etc.

should be properly arranged.� Ladders and the railings and steps of stairs should be in order.

2. Wear PPE at all times

3. Ensure Top man safety belts are in proper condition.

All guy ropes are properly anchored.

While working on height on derrick/mast safetybelt should be used and properly securedbefore starting the work to avoid any accidentof falling.

Ensure proper illumination of derrick floorand mast.

Ensure IBOP and FOSV are available on therig floor in open position and with requiredcross overs and operating wrench.

Availability of fire fighting system

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MAKING PIPE CONNECTION IN DRILLING

Working in confined space

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Personnel Protective Equipment

� Shoe

� Hand glove

� Helmet

� Dungaree

� Goggle

� Ear Muff / Ear Plug

Preventing Accident to happen

1. Eliminate all unsafe acts or

unsafe conditions

2. Reporting the incident

3. Investigating it’s causes

4. Eliminating it’s causes

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• Safety Management System (SMS)

• OMR-2017

• OISD Standards

• ERP

• DMP

• CDMP

• Permit- To- Work (PTW)

• Job Safety Analysis(JSA)

• Tool Box Talk (TBT)

• Management of Change (MOC)

• Behavior Based Safety (BBS)

• Training

• HSE Audit

• Occupational health monitoring (PME)

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27

2000 meters

Oil Spill Response FacilityOil Containment Boom

Date: 27 July 2005

Location: Mumbai High, Fatality -22 Persons

Mumbai (Bombay) High North Platform

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Emergency response Plan..

� The overall objective of a sound disaster plan is to reduce the possible consequences of the emergency by:

� preventing fatalities and injuries � minimizing damage to buildings, materials, and equipment and � hastening�

� Disaster Management deals with the following aspects: � Command, Control, and emergency communications � Safety of people and other livestock � Protection of company properties and plant � Recovery and Restoration of industrial activity � Administration and Logistics supports � Dealing with community concerns of the resumption of normal

operations.

Regulatory and Mandatory Requirements

30

�Onshore mines operation are regulated by Directorate General of

Mines Safety (DGMS) through Mines Act, 1952. accidents of Onshore

Mines operations are to be reported to DGMS as per the provisions of

the Mines Act,1952.

�Plant operations are regulated by Directorate of Industrial Safety &

Hygiene (DISH) through Factories Act, 1948. accident of Plant

operations are to be reported to DISH as per the provisions of the

Factories Act, 1948.

�Use of Explosives is regulated by Chief Controller of

Explosives(PESO) through Explosives Act, 1884 as per the provisions of

Explosives Act, 1884

�Offshore Operations are regulated by PNG (Safety in Offshore

Operations) Rules-2008. The incidents are to be reported to Oil Industry

Safety Directorate (OISD) as per additional provisions of PNG Rules

2008.

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Health Hazards

ChemicalBiological

Ergonomic

Psychological

Physical

Noise, heat, radiation,

vibration, extreme

temperatures,

Gases, dust, metals, solvents, which may be present in the working environment as gases, vapours, mists/aerosols, fumes, dusts, liquids or solids.

Bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects and mites, moulds, yeast, related to the working environment

Workplace layout, manual

handling, body posture and

movement, RSI, operations,

tasks and jobs

Psychological Stress,

human interactions

workplace relationships.

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Management of Change (MOC)

� Any Changes in Defense Designs, or System Engineering will Require Management of Change– P&ID– Equipment Lists– Inspection/Testing/

Maintenance Procedures– PHA’s

� MOC procedure should ensure that equipment and procedures are returned to their original conditions at the end of a temporary change

� MOC forms/clearance sheets are acceptable control methods of tracking changes

Behavior Based Safety (BBS)• BBS is a process approach to improving safety performance by

helping workgroup to,

– Identify safety-related behaviours that are critical to

performance

– Gather data on workgroup safety excellence

– Provide ongoing, two-way performance feedback

• Why are people unimpressed by safety risks?

– Risk taking – a matter of choice

– Familiarity breeds complacency

– We get what we deserve – work place injuries are fair

– Risky work practices are accepted and becomes the NORM

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SAFETY IN CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

i. Safety and well being of contractor and ONGC employees are

improved.

ii. Improved quality and productivity result from implementation of

a comprehensive contractor safety program which requires that

workers be properly trained for their job tasks, are familiar with

their job requirements and conform to procedures.

iii. Fewer incidents result in more controlled project costs and less

need for regulatory action.

iv. The potential for damage to ONGC facility and contractor’s

equipment are minimized

Risk Management System

IDENTIFY all risk exposures (Hazards)

EVALUATE the risk in each exposure

DEVELOP a plan

IMPLEMENT the plan

MONITOR (Measure, Commend and/or Correct)

Terminate

Avoid or

eliminate the

Loss exposure

Treat

Develop

controls

Tolerate

Acceptable

Level of

risk

Transfer

Insurance

I

D

E

I

M

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Risk Assessment

The process of identifying the HAZARD involved and the RISK

associated with them, estimating the magnitude of risk and

deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable

Hazard Risk

Equivalent to

Cause Effect

Aspect Impact

HAZARD

source or situation with

potential for harm in

term of human injury or

ill health, damage to

property, damage to

the work place

environment, or a

combination of these.

Hazard and RiskRISK

Combination of the likelihood and

consequences of a specified

hazardous event occurring.

(accident or incident).

A risk, always has two elements:

• likelihood that it may occur

• the consequences of the hazardous event

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Job Safety Analysis(JSA)

A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a method that is used for the purpose of the following:

�To identify and analyze the steps involved in performing

a specific job,

�To identify and analyze the existing or potential safety,

health and/or environment hazards associated with

each step, and

�To identify and analyze the recommended action(s)

/procedure(s) that will eliminate or reduce these hazards

and the risk of a workplace injury, illness, or property

loss

Tool Box Talk (TBT)

Why to conduct TOOL BOX TALK?

� To minimise the occurrence of Unwanted Incidents. Main Root causes of Unwanted Incidents are:

� Inactive employees on the job

� Ignorance about hazards associated with the job

� Improvident/imprudent employees

� The best effective tool to address this problem is Tool Box Talk

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Tool Box Talk (TBT):

� The Accident / Incident rate, occurrence of ill Health and Environmental damage in the Industry are

� serious national problems. Continued training is essential to prevent Accidents / Incidents, ill Health and Environmental damage.

� The TOOLBOX TALK programme, if implemented correctly, can play a major part in our continuing effort to create an increased awareness of:

� a) Hazards present in the industry

� b) Precautions which must be taken to eliminate or control them and in doing so will help to reduce unwanted incidents

� Unsafe Act

� Violation of SOP lead to accident

� Common Unsafe Practices:� Operating a tool or some equipment without authority

� Working at an unsafe speed

� Taking short cuts

� Failure to use PPE

� Failure to instruct/warn/secure

� Making safety devices inoperative/ bypassing

� Using equipment improperly

� Using defective equipment

� Improper loading/placement

� Improper lifting

� Servicing equipment in motion

� Alcoholism or drug abuse

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� Unsafe Condition� A hazardous or physical condition which could lead to

accident

� Common Unsafe Conditions:- Inadequate guards or protection

- Defective tools, equipment, substance

- Congestion

- Inadequate warning system

- Fire & explosion hazards

- Sub-standard house keeping

- Hazardous atmospheric conditions(Gases/dust/ fumes, etc)

- Excessive noise

- Inadequate illumination, ventilation