Safety, Measurement & Sci Method HW/ClassworkMangano NAME:

A) point the test tube in any directionB) hold the test tube with two fingersC) cork the test tubeD) wear goggles

1. When heating a solution in a test tube, a student should

A) Return the extra 5 ml to the stock bottle andreplace the cap.

B) Pour the extra 5 ml down the drain and rinse the sinkwith cold water.

C) Dilute the extra 5 ml with 100 ml of water and pourit down the drain.

D) Set the extra 5 ml aside in a labeled beaker and askthe teacher for advice.

2. The directions for a laboratory activity call for 50milliliters (ml) of solution A. A student accidentally takes55 ml from the stock bottle. What should the student dowith the extra 5 ml of solution A?

A) A stoppered test tube of leaves and alcohol shouldbe held over a Bunsen burner.

B) A stoppered test tube of leaves and alcohol shouldbe placed into a beaker of alcohol on a tripod over aBunsen burner.

C) A beaker of leaves and alcohol should be placed on atripod over a Bunsen burner.

D) A beaker of leaves and alcohol should be placed intoa larger beaker of water and heated on a hot plate.

3. Chlorophyll can be removed from leaves by boiling them inalcohol, a flammable solvent. In addition to wearingsafety goggles, which is the safest procedure to follow?

A) heat the solution at the lowest temperature possibleon a hot plate

B) stopper the flask tightly to prevent evaporation ofthe solution

C) use a Bunsen burner to heat the solutionD) stir the solution while it is heating

4. Which statement represents an unsafe procedure forheating a nutrient solution in a flask?

A) When holding the test tube, keep fingers closest tothe open end of the tube.

B) Direct the flame of the burner into the open end ofthe test tube.

C) Stopper the test tube with a rubber stopper.D) Wear goggles and a laboratory apron.

5. Which safety precaution is recommended when a liquid isbeing heated in a test tube?

6. Base your answer to the following question on Base youranswer on the diagram below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

A) The flame is too high and the test tube isunstoppered.

B) The opening of the test tube is pointed toward thestudent and the student is not wearing goggles.

C) The test tube is unstoppered and the student is notwearing goggles.

D) The beaker has water in it and the flame is under thetripod.

Which statement describes two unsafe laboratorypractices represented in the diagram?

7. Using one or more complete sentences, describe a laboratory activity during which a person should wearsafety goggles.

8. In preparing to dissect a preserved grasshopper, astudent put on a laboratory apron. Then the studentobtained the specimen, dissecting pins, instruments, andtrays and returned to the laboratory work area. Usingone or more complete sentences, state a safetyprocedure not mentioned that the student should followbefore beginning the dissection.

9. A student is heating a test tube containing a crushedcracker and Benedict's solution. The student is wearingsafety goggles and a laboratory apron. Using one or morecomplete sentences, state one other safety precautionthe student should observe.

10. The diagram below shows a student performing alaboratory activity.

Using one or more complete sentences, describe one error in the laboratory procedure shown in the diagram.

11. Using one or more complete sentences, state one safetyprocedure that should be followed when an animaldissection is performed. You may use pen or pencil foryour answer.

12. Using one or more complete sentences, state one safetyprecaution that should be used in the laboratorysituation illustrated below.

13. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below shows a student conducting a laboratoryexperiment.

Using one or more complete sentences, describe onesafety procedure the student should be following that is not represented in the diagram.

14. Using one or more complete sentences, explain why atest tube of material being heated over an open flameshould not be stoppered.

15. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below shows a wasp positioned next to acentimeter ruler.

A) 1.0 mm B) 1.4 cm C) 3.5 cm D) 35 mm

What is the approximate length of a wing of this wasp?

16. Base your answer to the following question on A student measured an earthworm using a metric ruler, asshown in the diagram below.

A) 7.6 cm B) 11.6 cm C) 46 mm D) 23 mm

What is the length of section A?

17. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents the measurements of twoleaves.

A) 20 mm B) 20 cm C) 0.65 m D) 1.6 µm

The difference in length between leaves A and B is closest to

A) millimeters B) micrometersC) feet D) meters

18. Zebra finches are small black-and-white birds that layeggs about the size of a bean seed. Which unit ofmeasurement is best for accurately measuring thelength of these eggs?

19. According to the chart below, which neuron is thelongest?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

A) water temperature at the North Pole in MarchB) water temperature in a lake in New York State in

JanuaryC) air temperature in a desert in the southwestern

United States during a day in JulyD) air temperature in the Adirondack Mountains of

New York State in December

20. Which environmental factor could have a temperatureof 39ºC?

21. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a thermometer that is insidean incubator.

A) 9 B) 6 C) 3 D) 12

A student needs to incubate a bacterial culture at 43ºC.According to the reading on the thermometer, how manydegrees must the temperature in the incubator beincreased to reach this temperature?

22. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a Celsius thermometer.

A) healthy humanB) human with a feverC) very cool dayD) beaker of boiling water

The reading on the thermometer might indicate thetemperature of a

23. Base your answer to the following question on A chickenbone was placed in a graduated cylinder containing 100milliliters of water. The diagram below illustrates thenew level of water.

A) 41 mL B) 42 mLC) 141 mL D) 142 mL

What is the volume of the chicken bone?

24. Base your answer to the following question on What isthe volume of water in the graduated cylinder shownbelow?

A) 10.3 mL B) 13.0 mLC) 13.5 mL D) 14.0 mL

25. State one type of measurement data that can beobtained from the proper use of a graduated cylinder.

26. What is the volume of the liquid indicated in the diagrambelow of a graduated cylinder?

A) 23 ml B) 26 ml C) 27 ml D) 28 ml

27. The volume of liquid shown in the graduated cylinder atthe right is

A) 15.0 ml B) 16.0 mlC) 16.5 ml D) 17.0 ml

28. A student needs 20 milliliters of water for anexperiment. How much additional water must thestudent add to the graduated cylinder shown below toreach 20 milliliters?

A) 6.0 ml B) 6.5 mlC) 7.0 ml D) 13.0 ml

29. A graduated cylinder containing water is shown indiagram A below. Pea seeds were dropped into thecylinder and the results are shown in diagram B.

A) 15 ml B) 14 ml C) 5 ml D) 4 ml

What is the volume of water displaced by the seeds?

30. Base your answer to the following question on In thediagram below, letter A represents the starting volumeof liquid in a graduated cylinder. Letter B represents thevolume after 8 milliliters of this liquid was removed.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8

This information indicates that the scale on thisgraduated cylinder is in milliliter increments of

31. The diagram below represents a graduated cylindercontaining a liquid.

A) 10 B) 5 C) 8 D) 4

How many milliliters of fluid should be added to thegraduated cylinder to raise the volume to 21 milliliters?

A) 10 B) 200 C) 1,000 D) 2,000

32. A transparent metric ruler is placed on the stage of amicroscope and observed under low power. Thediameter of the field of vision was found to be 2millimeters. How many micrometers is the diameter?

33. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below of some internal structures of anearthworm and on your knowledge of biology.

A) 2.5 mm B) 2.0 mmC) 1.5 mm D) 0.5 mm

Structure A has a diameter of 3 millimeters. What isthe approximate diameter of the blood vessel indicatedby arrow C?

A) micrometer, millimeter, centimeter, meterB) millimeter, micrometer, centimeter, meterC) meter, micrometer, centimeter, millimeterD) micrometer, centimeter, millimeter, meter

34. Which group of measurement units is correctly arrangedin order of increasing size?

A) Environmental conditions affect the pollination ofplants.

B) Boil 100 milliliters of water, let it cool, and thenadd 10 seeds to the water.

C) Is water depth in a lake related to available light inthe water?

D) A lamp, two beakers, and elodea plants are selectedfor the investigation.

35. Which sentence represents a hypothesis?

A) Plants grown in the dark cannot perform theprocess or respiration.

B) Sunlight is necessary for the normal growth of beanplants.

C) Light is necessary for the germination of beanseeds.

D) Light is necessary for proper mineral absorption byplants.

36. As part of an investigation, 10 bean seedlings in onesetup were grown in the dark, while 10 seedlings inanother setup were grown in sunlight. All other growthconditions were kept the same in both setups. Theseedlings grown in the dark were white with long,slender stems. These seedlings eventually died. Theseedlings grown in the sunlight were green and healthy.Which hypothesis was most likely being tested in thisinvestigation?

A) a theory B) the hypothesisC) an inference D) an observation

37. A new concept that is tested in a scientific investigationis known as

A) formulating a hypothesisB) identifying needed equipmentC) designing the experimentD) collecting the data

38. In a scientific investigation, after the question isdefined, the next step is most likely

A) a set of dataB) a conclusion based on dataC) safety precautions to be usedD) an inference based on results

39. An experimental design included references from priorexperiments, materials and equipment, and step-by-stepprocedures. What else should be included before theexperiment can be started?

40. A student added 10 mL of a yeast suspension and 10 mLof 30ºC water to each of two test tubes. Five grams ofsugar was then added to one of the test tubes. Bothtest tubes were gently swirled to mix the contents, andthen the test tubes were placed in a warm water bathfor 15 minutes. The student made observations of anybubbles that formed in the test tubes and recorded thedata in a table.

A) effect of sugar on a metabolic activity of yeastB) effect of temperature on a metabolic activity of

yeastC) solubility of yeast in water at 30ºCD) solubility of sugar in a yeast suspension

This experiment was most likely carried out toinvestigate the

A) a small number of frogs in their natural habitatB) a large number of frogs in their natural habitatC) several groups of frogs maintained in different

temperatures in the laboratoryD) several groups of frogs maintained on different

diets in the laboratory

41. A biologist plans to spend a year investigating the matingbehavior of a certain species of frog. To makemeaningful observations, the biologist should observe

A) an experiment with a different variable and obtainthe same results

B) the same experiment and obtain different resultsC) the same experiment and obtain the same resultsD) an experiment under different conditions and

obtain the same results

42. Based on experimental results, a biologist in a laboratoryreports a new discovery. If the experimental results arevalid, biologists in other laboratories should be able toperform

43. Base your answer to the following question on theinformation below and on your knowledge of biology. An experiment was designed to determine ifchlorophyll is responsible for the growth of cornseedlings toward light. In the experiment, equal numbersof albino corn seedlings and green corn seedlings weregrown at a temperature of 24ºC. All other environmentalconditions were the same for both groups of seedlings.The results of the experiment showed that both thealbino seedlings and the green seedlings bent towardlight.

A) develop a hypothesis®select suitable laboratorymaterials®test the hypothesis®formulate aconclusion

B) select suitable laboratory materials®formulate aconclusion®develop a hypothesis®test thehypothesis

C) develop a hypothesis®test the hypothesis®selectsuitable laboratory materials®formulate aconclusion

D) formulate a conclusion®select suitable laboratorymaterials ® develop a hypothesis ®test thehypothesis

Which sequence of steps was most likely taken in thisexperiment?

Base your answers to questions 44 and 45 on the graphbelow and on your knowledge of biology. The graph below illustrates the results of aninvestigation using newborn rats. The dashed line curveshows the normal growth rate of rats, based on previousinvestigations. The solid-line curve shows the growthrate of 50 rats that were fed a normal diet containingnutrients A and B until they reached an age of 80 days(point X). At point X, the amounts of nutrients A and B were increased. At point Y, nutrient A was returned tothe normal amount. At point Z, nutrient B was returnedto the normal amount.

A) lived for 30 to 60 additional days and then diedB) remained at about twice the weight of normally

developed ratsC) continued to gain weightD) become mentally and sexually immature adults

44. If the investigation had continued as described exceptthat at point Z nutrient B was not returned to thenormal amount, the most reasonable conclusion thatcould be drawn from the data presented is that the ratswould probably have

A) 70 days B) 80 daysC) 90 days D) 100 days

45. According to the graph, at what age do rats normallyreach a stable weight?

46. An investigation was set up to determine the effect ofvarious surfaces on the amount of time it takes a snailto move between two points. A ramp was made, coveredwith a piece of glass, and placed on a table at a25-degree angle. Two lines, 15 centimeters apart, weredrawn on the glass. A snail was placed on the upper line,and a stopwatch was used to measure the amount oftime it took the snail to move to the lower line. Theresults were recorded in a data table. The investigationwas repeated using sandpaper and cardboard on thesurface of the ramp.

A) The angle of the ramp must be increased to 35degrees.

B) The times in the data table must be averaged.C) The investigation must be repeated several times.D) The ramp must be replaced with a log found in the

habitat of the snail.

What must be done to show that the results of thisinvestigation are valid?

A) The scientist observed four deer in differentlocations at various times of the day.

B) The scientist observed a total of 500 deer in 20different locations at various times of the day.

C) The scientist observed 200 deer in various naturalsettings, but none in captivity.

D) The scientist observed 300 deer in variouslocations in captivity, but none in natural settings.

47. A scientist tested a hypothesis that white-tailed deerwould prefer apples over corn as a primary food source.The findings of the test, in which the scientist claimedthat the deer preferred apples, were published. Whichresearch technique, if used by the scientist, mightresult in this claim being questioned?

A) bromthymol blue B) Benedict's solutionC) Fehling's solution D) iodine solution

48. Nuclei of human cheek cells can be more readilyobserved under a compound microscope if the cells arefirst stained with

A) They should be different in sizeB) They should resemble each other in at least two

respectsC) They should not be similar in any respectD) They should be identical in all respects except one

49. In an experiment, what should be the relationshipbetween the control group and the experimental group?

A) oral dose of 100 mg of aspirinB) injection of 5.0 mg of waterC) injection of 100 mg of aspirinD) oral dose of 50 mg of water

50. One hundred laboratory rats were used in a controlledstudy to determine the effect of aspirin on thefrequency of heart attacks. Fifty rats were each given adaily injection containing 5.0 milligrams of aspirin for aperiod of 1 year. On a daily basis each of the other 50rats would most likely receive an

A) species of bean plantB) soil moisture contentC) amount of lightD) atmospheric temperature

51. A student is investigating the effect of differentenvironmental factors on the growth of a certain speciesof bean plant over a period of 30 days. Which factorwould not function as a variable in this investigation?

A) It tests a different hypothesis.B) It has more variables.C) It does not receive the experimental treatment

(Independent Variable).D) It utilizes a different method of data collection.

52. How does the CONTROL GROUP setup in an experimentdiffer from the other setups in the same experiment?

53. Base your answer to the following question on theinformation and diagrams below and on your knowledgeof biology.

An experiment was performed to determine the effectof different mineral salts on plant growth. Forty potscontaining identical plants were divided into four equalgroups and placed in a well-lighted greenhouse. Each potcontained a nonmineral potting medium and one plant.Materials were then added to each experimental groupof pots as shown

A) weight of the medium in each potB) temperature of the 40 potsC) height of the 40 plantsD) distance of each plant from the light source

Which measurement would most likely be taken todetermine the effect of different mineral salts uponthe experimental groups?

A) type of bean plants used in the experimentB) amount of water given the plants each dayC) type of soil the bean plants were growing inD) group of bean plants watered with 200 ml of water

54. In an investigation designed to determine the effect ofthe amount of water on plant growth, two groups ofequal-sized bean plants of the same species were grownunder identical conditions, except for the amount ofwater they were given. One group was watered with 200milliliters of water once a day, while the other groupwas watered with 400 milliliters of water once a day.After several days, the heights of the plants weremeasured. It was determined that the plants wateredwith 400 milliliters of water once a day showed moregrowth.

The variable in this investigation is the

Base your answers to questions 55 through 57 on the data table and information below and on yourknowledge of biology. The data table shows water temperatures at various depths in an ocean.

55. a Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled “Water Depth (m).”

b Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points.

A) 15°C B) 13°C C) 8°C D) 3°C

56. The approximate water temperature at a depth of 125 meters would be closest to

57. State the general relationship between temperature and water depth.

Base your answers to questions 58 and 59 on the information, diagram, and table below.

A student wanted to test the hypothesis that rooting hormones will stimulate the production of newroots at a faster rate than would take place without rooting hormones. Two stem cuttings of equallength, similar to the one shown below, were taken from a rose, a begonia, and a geranium plant. The cutend of one cutting from each plant was dipped into the hormone and then planted in wet sand. The othercutting from each plant was planted in wet sand without dipping it into the hormone. All cuttings weremaintained in identical environmental conditions. At the end of 4 weeks, all the cuttings were removedfrom the sand and the lengths of the roots that had developed were measured. The results aresummarized in the data table below.

58. Describe one way the student could make the experiment more valid.

59. What purpose did the untreated cuttings serve in this experiment?

60. A student observed a paramecium under the low-powerobjective (10×) of a compound light microscope. Thestudent then switched to the high-power objective(50×). State one change that would be evident in thefield of view when the student switched to thehigh-power objective.

61. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Children must be vaccinated against certain diseases before they can enter school. Some parentsfeel that vaccinations are dangerous.

Identify one part of a research plan that must be followed when developing a new vaccine.

62. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. An investigation was performed todetermine the effects of enzyme X on three different disaccharides (double sugars) at 37°C. Three testtubes were set up as shown in the diagram below. At the end of 5 minutes, the solution in each test tubewas tested for the presence of disaccharides (double sugars) and monosaccharides (simple sugars). Theresults of these tests are shown in the table below.

State one safety precaution that should be used during the investigation.

63. Many people who are in favor of alternative medicineclaim that large doses of vitamin C introduced into avein speed up the healing of surgical wounds. Describean experiment to test this hypothesis. Your answer mustinclude at least: • the difference between the experimental group ofsubjects and the control group• two conditions that must be kept constant in bothgroups• data that should be collected • an example of experimental results that would supportthe hypothesis

64. Base your answer to the following question on the information in the newspaper article below.

Patients to test tumor fighter

 Boston–Endostatin, the highly publicized experimental cancer drug that wiped out tumors inmice and raised the hopes of cancer patients, will be tested on patients this year.

"I think it's exciting, but ... you always have the risk that something will fail in testing," saidDr. Judah Folkman, the Harvard University researcher whose assistant, Michael O'Reilly,discovered endostatin.

Endostatin and a sister protein, angiostatin, destroy the tumors' ability to sprout new bloodvessels. This makes cancer fall dormant in lab animals, but no one knows if that will happen inhumans.

– The Associated Press

 

Explain why it is necessary to test these experimental drugs on human volunteers as well as on test animals.

Base your answers to questions 65 and 66 on the information below.

Acid rain can have a pH between 1.5 and 5.0. The effect of acid rain on the environment depends onthe pH of the rain and the characteristics of the environment. It appears that acid rain has a negativeeffect on plants. The scale below shows the pH of normal rain. Provide the information requested belowthat should be included in a research plan to test the effect of pH on the early growth of bean plants inthe laboratory.

65. State two factors that should be kept constant.

66. Identify the independent variable.