Safeguarding Animal Health Current levels of compliance with EU bulk- tank SCC standards and...
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Current levels of compliance with EU bulk-tank SCC standards and proposed (but
rejected) US standards based on data from four Federal Milk Marketing Orders
J.E. Lombard1, H.D. Norman2, C.A. Kopral1, J.M. Rodriguez1, and J.R. Wright2.
1USDA:APHIS:VS:Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO USA2USDA:ARS: Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Beltsville, MD USA
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Bulk-tank Somatic Cell Counts
• Increases with intramammary infections
• Associated with milk qualityLower BTSCC
Increases shelf lifeIncreases cheese
yield
2
Safeguarding Animal Health
Bulk-tank Somatic Cell Counts• Maximum levels
400,000 cells/mL in most of EU, Australia, and New Zealand
500,000 cells/mL in Canada750,000 cells/mL in US
• Differences in implementation / calculationGeometric mean vs. arithmetic meanNumber of months / tests above the limit
3
Safeguarding Animal Health 4
295 293 295 296 298
290
282
263258
249
260
247
227224
313 312318 320
332
322
313
296293 293
298294
277272
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
BT
SC
C (
X1
,00
0)
Federal Milk Marketing Order DataMilk-weighted and Producer BTSCCs
1997-2010
BTSCC Milk wgt.
BTSCC producer
Safeguarding Animal Health
EU Regulations on Imports
• WereTruck load or silo at plant had to satisfy 400,000
cells/mL limit
• NowEach farm has to satisfy 400,000 cells/mL limit
• WhenOriginally, October 1, 2010 December 1, 2010
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Objective
• Evaluate noncompliance of herds and milk for current and proposed US BTSCC limits -National Milk Producers Federation proposal
750,000 cells/mL – current standard600,000 cells/mL in January 2012500,000 cells/mL in January 2013400,000 cells/mL in January 2014
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Federal Milk Marketing Orders
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Material and Methods
• Data SourceFour Federal Milk Marketing Orders
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FMO % Monitored Milk
% US Milk Supply
% Herds (Shipments)
Upper Midwest 48.1 21.9 61.6
Central 15.9 7.2 11.4
Mideast 19.2 8.8 24.6
Southwest 16.8 7.7 2.4
Total 100.0 45.6 100.0
Safeguarding Animal Health
Materials and Methods (cont)
• NoncomplianceCurrent and proposed US
3 of 5 tests above the limit
Current EU standardRolling 3 month geometric average
• 15 months of test data were required
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Materials and Methods (cont)
• Annual milk shipped used as proxy for herd size<900 metric tons (<100 cows)900-4,500 mt (100-499 cows)4,501-9,000 mt (500-999 cows)>9,000 mt (1000 cows or more)
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Safeguarding Animal Health
BTSCC Noncompliance - Herd
Jun 09
Jul 09
Aug 09
Sep 09
Oct 09
Nov 09
Dec 09
Jan 10
Feb 10
Mar 10
Apr 10
May 10
Jun 10
Jul 10
Aug 10
Sep 10
Oct 10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Current US (750K) Proposed US (600K) Proposed US (500K)Proposed US (400K) Current EU (400K)
% H
erd
No
nco
mp
lian
ce
11
Safeguarding Animal Health
BTSCC Noncompliance - Herd
Jun 09
Jul 09
Aug 09
Sep 09
Oct 09
Nov 09
Dec 09
Jan 10
Feb 10
Mar 10
Apr 10
May 10
Jun 10
Jul 10
Aug 10
Sep 10
Oct 10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
DHI Proposed US (400K) DHI Current EU (400K)FMO Proposed US (400K) FMO Current EU (400K)
% H
erd
No
nco
mp
lian
ce
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Safeguarding Animal Health
BTSCC Noncompliance – Milk
Jun 09
Jul 09
Aug 09
Sep 09
Oct 09
Nov 09
Dec 09
Jan 10
Feb 10
Mar 10
Apr 10
May 10
Jun 10
Jul 10
Aug 10
Sep 10
Oct 10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Current US (750K) Proposed US (600K) Proposed US (500K)Proposed US (400K) Current EU (400K)
% M
ilk
No
nco
mp
lian
ce
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Safeguarding Animal Health
BTSCC Noncompliance – Size
<900 (n=20,607)
900-4,500 (n=5,697)
4,501-9,000 (n=745)
>9,000 (n=710)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Current US (750K) Proposed US (600K) Proposed US (500K)Proposed US (400K) Current EU (400K)
Metric Tons of Milk
% H
erd
No
nco
mp
lian
ce
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Discussion/Conclusions
• Historical view of noncomplianceBTSCC continue to
decline annuallyPercent of herds
noncompliant will be considerably higher if tougher standards are implemented
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Discussion/Conclusions
• FMO analysisHigher percent of FMO herds are noncompliant
compared with DHI herdsMore milk shipped (larger herds ) = lower
noncompliance rateThe NMPF’s proposed 400K limit is much more
restrictive than the EU’s
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Safeguarding Animal Health
Questions?
17