Safe Herbicide Use Environmental Consequences Social Concerns Max Williamson
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Transcript of Safe Herbicide Use Environmental Consequences Social Concerns Max Williamson
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Safe Herbicide Use
Environmental Consequences
Social Concerns
Max Williamson
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Pesticide
• Any substance or mixture of substances used to kill, destroy ,repel, prevent or mitigate a pest.
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Pesticide Names
Chemical name
Common name
Product name
There are three names associated with every pesticide.
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Toxicity-Extent or degree to which a
chemical substance is poisonous to
humans/animals
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Measures of Toxicity:The Median Lethal Dose
LD50
The amount (dose) of a chemical which produces death in 50% of a population of test animals to which it is administered by any of a variety of
methods
mg/kgNormally expressed as milligrams of substance per
kilogram of animal body weight
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Acute Toxicity-Effects of
a Single Dose
Chronic Toxicity-Effects after
a Long Term Exposure
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SUBCHRONIC/CHRONIC TESTING ( Long-term, low level exposures)
. Carcinogenicity (cancer)
. Reproduction/fertility
. Teratogenicity (birth defects)
. Delayed neurotoxicity (nervous
system)
. Dominant lethal (potential for genetic
change)
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Relative Acute Toxicity:Insecticides
• Parathion 13.0 mg/kg
• Paraquat 95.0 mg/kg
• Carbaryl 270.0 mg.kg
• Malathion 370.0 mg/kg
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Relative Acute Toxicity: Herbicides Garlon 4 1,581mg/kg Rainbow trout 0.74mg/L Bluegill 0.87mg/L Garlon 3A, Renovate 3 2,574mg/kg Rainbow trout 117mg/L Bluegill 148mg/L Roundup, Glypro Plus, etc. >5,000mg/kg Rainbow trout 8.2mg/L Bluegill 5.8mg/L Accord, Glypro, Rodeo, etc. >5,000mg/kg Rainbow trout >1,000mg/L Bluegill >1,000mg/L
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Relative Toxicity:Are all substances toxic?
YES!
All are toxic to some quantifiable degree Sugar has an LD50 of 30,000 mg/kg Ethanol has an LD50 of only 13,700 mg/kg Even water has a recognized LD50 of slightly greater than 80,000 mg/kg
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Primary Routes of Exposureto Pesticides
There are three primary routes by which organisms are exposed to pesticides
Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
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Signal Words
The relative acute toxicity of a pesticide is reflected on the label in the form of a
“signal word”
The (toxicologically) appropriate signal word MUST appear on every pesticide label
The three possible signal words are:CAUTIONWARNINGDANGER
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Formulator
Product name
EPA Registr #
Statement of Ingredients
Signal words & human health precautions
WPS Precautions
General information
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Worker Protection Standard
EPA’s requirements for workers and handlers of pesticides
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• Social Concerns
• Communications
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Environmental Movement
r
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Does your Herbicide have a Range and Pasture
Label?
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Carefully kept records allow you to honestly answer questions without
relying on, sometimes selective, memory
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Good communication requires that sufficient accurate information be given
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Appropriate Tools of Communication
Accurate information
and
Appropriate language
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Always try to know your audience
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Don’t prejudice yourself
based on labels
There are almost always
surprises
Environmental scientist
Wildlife biologist
Senator-Physician
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WHERE AND WHO
Often the most effective places for communication are the places where you
normally meet people -
the country store,
the grocery,
your church, ...
this means that technicians and temporaries are often doing the talking –
keep them up to speed on projects
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Don’t promise things that you can’t deliver!
“I WANT A SPRAY THAT KILLS EVERYTHING BUT ISN’T DANGEROUS.”
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DON’T !!!
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What To Do:
• Be prepared; know your material
• Listen carefully• Keep your cool• Keep the level of discussion appropriate to the audience• and, everything else we have said in this talk• But, most of all, USE COMMON SENSE!
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Maintain records of what you are doing and what is going on in your pesticide
program
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Seek Experienced Assistance
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