Safe Handling, Packaging & Shipping of Infectious Substances
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Transcript of Safe Handling, Packaging & Shipping of Infectious Substances
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Safe Handling, Packaging & Shipping of Infectious
Substances
Utah Department of HealthUtah Department of Health
November 21, 2002November 21, 2002
Kim ChristensenKim Christensen
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Objectives
Information on possible organismsInformation on possible organisms Why these organisms?Why these organisms? SafetySafety SamplesSamples PackagingPackaging Transport/ShippingTransport/Shipping
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Agents of Highest Concern
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) Yersinia pestis (Plague) Botulinum toxin (Botulism) Variola major (Smallpox) Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
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Other Possible Agents
Brucella spp. Brucella spp. – Brucellosis– Brucellosis Coxiella burnettiCoxiella burnetti – Q-fever – Q-fever Arboviruses (West Nile) – encephalitisArboviruses (West Nile) – encephalitis MycotoxinsMycotoxins Ricin Toxin – Castor beansRicin Toxin – Castor beans SEB – SEB – Staphylococcus Staphylococcus Enterotoxin BEnterotoxin B
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Why these organisms?
Can cause disease via aerosol routeCan cause disease via aerosol route Fairly stable in aerosolized formFairly stable in aerosolized form Susceptible civilian populationSusceptible civilian population High morbidity and mortality ratesHigh morbidity and mortality rates Difficult to diagnose and/or treatDifficult to diagnose and/or treat SomeSome can be transmitted person-to-person can be transmitted person-to-person
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Bacillus anthracisAnthrax
Bacillus anthracis –
Gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus (rod)
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Bacillus anthracisAnthrax
Cutaneous Exposure- A skin lesion
evolving during a period of 2-6 days from a papule, through a vesicular stage, to a depressed black eschar.
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Cutaneous Anthrax
Intense itching Painless skin sore Incubation 1-5 days (up to 60) 20% fatality if untreated (may spread to
blood) Direct contact with skin lesion may result in
cutaneous infection
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Inhalation Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax- A brief prodrome
resembling a viral respiratory illness with radiograph evidence of mediastinal widening
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Inhalation Anthrax
Flu-like symptoms – Fever, fatigue, muscle aches, difficulty
breathing, headache, chest pain & non-productive cough
1-2 day improvement followed by respiratory failure, meningitis may develop
No person-to-person spread
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Francisella tularensisTularemia
Humans become infected by:Humans become infected by: Handling infected animal carcassesHandling infected animal carcasses
““Rabbit Fever”Rabbit Fever” Bites of ticks, deer flies, or mosquitoesBites of ticks, deer flies, or mosquitoes
No person-to-person transmissionNo person-to-person transmission Endemic in UtahEndemic in Utah
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TularemiaClinical Presentations
Pneumonic-Pneumonic- Incubation 3-5 daysIncubation 3-5 days Flu-like symptomsFlu-like symptoms Mortality –Mortality –
30% untreated30% untreated <10% treated<10% treated
UlceroglandularUlceroglandular Ulcer w/adenopathyUlcer w/adenopathy
GlandularGlandular Adenopathy w/o lesionAdenopathy w/o lesion
OculoglandularOculoglandular Painful, purulent Painful, purulent
conjunctivitisconjunctivitis
TyphoidalTyphoidal Possible presentation Possible presentation
for BTfor BT SepticemiaSepticemia
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Yersinia pestisPlague
Transmission –Transmission – InhalationInhalation Direct contactDirect contact FleasFleas
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PlagueClinical Presentations
BubonicBubonic Flu-like with Flu-like with
painful buboes painful buboes (lymph nodes)(lymph nodes)
SepticemicSepticemic Similar to bubonicSimilar to bubonic No swelling of No swelling of
lymph nodeslymph nodes
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PlagueClinical Presentations
PneumonicPneumonic Highest mortalityHighest mortality Rapid transmissionRapid transmission FeverFever HemoptosisHemoptosis LymphadenopathyLymphadenopathy CoughCough
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Plague
Distribution Distribution Highest in 4 corners area – Western Highest in 4 corners area – Western
statesstates
Prairie dog populationPrairie dog population
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Botulism
Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum Organism – gram Organism – gram
positive, spore-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic forming, anaerobic bacillibacilli
Botulinum toxinBotulinum toxin Neurotoxin Neurotoxin
A, B, C1, D, E, F, A, B, C1, D, E, F, GG
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Botulism FoodborneFoodborne
Diplopia (double vision), blurred vision, flaccid, Diplopia (double vision), blurred vision, flaccid, symmetric paralysis (rapid progression)symmetric paralysis (rapid progression)
InfantInfant Constipation, poor-feeding, “failure to thrive”, Constipation, poor-feeding, “failure to thrive”,
weakness, impaired respiration and deathweakness, impaired respiration and death
WoundWound Same symptoms as foodborne w/infection through a Same symptoms as foodborne w/infection through a
woundwound
OtherOther Non-infant patient with no suspect food or woundNon-infant patient with no suspect food or wound
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Botulism FoodborneFoodborne
Most likely presentation for BT eventMost likely presentation for BT event MortalityMortality
Currently 5-10%Currently 5-10%Previously 60%Previously 60%
WoundWound Mortality 15%Mortality 15% Emerging problem of drug usersEmerging problem of drug users
Injecting Black Tar HeroinInjecting Black Tar Heroin
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Variola majorSmallpox
Orthopox virusOrthopox virus DNA virusDNA virus Brick-shaped structure Brick-shaped structure
200 nm in diameter200 nm in diameter
Incubation 8-16 daysIncubation 8-16 days Mortality 30%Mortality 30% Clinical symptomsClinical symptoms
AcuteAcuteFeverFeverHeadacheHeadacheVomitingVomitingBackacheBackache
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Variola majorSmallpox
4 Types4 Types 1. Ordinary – most frequent1. Ordinary – most frequent 2. Modified 2. Modified
• MildMild• Occurring in previously vaccinated Occurring in previously vaccinated
personspersons 3. Flat3. Flat 4. Hemorrhagic4. Hemorrhagic
• Much shorter incubationMuch shorter incubation• Not likely to be recognized as Smallpox Not likely to be recognized as Smallpox
(initially)(initially)
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Variola majorSmallpox
Disease ProgressionDisease Progression Incubation PeriodIncubation Period Initial Symptoms – ProdromeInitial Symptoms – Prodrome Rash Development & DistributionRash Development & Distribution
Variola minorVariola minor Less common clinical presentationLess common clinical presentation Much less severe diseaseMuch less severe disease
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Variola majorSmallpox
RashRash Begins on face, Begins on face,
hands, forearms & hands, forearms & spreads to lower spreads to lower extremities within 7 extremities within 7 daysdays
Lesions on palms & Lesions on palms & soles of feetsoles of feet
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Variola majorSmallpox
RashRash Synchronous Synchronous
progression: progression: maculesmaculesvesicles vesicles pustules pustules scabsscabs
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Smallpox
Spread by infected dropletsSpread by infected droplets Most infectious after onset of rashMost infectious after onset of rash Contagious until the last scab falls offContagious until the last scab falls off Vaccine given within 4 days of exposure Vaccine given within 4 days of exposure
can prevent disease or lessen symptomscan prevent disease or lessen symptoms 70% recovery rate70% recovery rate Chicken pox vs. SmallpoxChicken pox vs. Smallpox
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Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
EbolaEbola LassaLassa MarburgMarburg HantaHanta DengueDengue
Yellow feverYellow fever Crimean-CongoCrimean-Congo Rift Valley feverRift Valley fever OtherOther
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Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
High Fever High Fever with:with: Mucous membrane bleedingMucous membrane bleeding PetechiaePetechiae MalaiseMalaise Muscle-achesMuscle-aches HeadachesHeadaches May have diarrhea or vomitingMay have diarrhea or vomiting
Fatality depends on virus – 90% EbolaFatality depends on virus – 90% Ebola
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Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Mosquito or tick vectorsMosquito or tick vectors Person-to-person transmission through body Person-to-person transmission through body
fluids/bloodfluids/blood Vaccine available for Yellow FeverVaccine available for Yellow Fever People can be infected but show no signs or People can be infected but show no signs or
symptoms of diseasesymptoms of disease
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Protection of First Responders & Health Care Workers
Knowledge Universal Precautions Communication Vaccination Prophylaxis
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Safety First First RespondersFirst Responders
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment Established protocolsEstablished protocols
TransportersTransporters RegulationsRegulations
Lab PersonnelLab Personnel Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment Established protocolsEstablished protocols Biosafety ContainmentBiosafety Containment VaccinationsVaccinations
Use Use Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions – treat everything as – treat everything as if it were contaminatedif it were contaminated
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Safety First RespondersFirst Responders
Know what you “might be” dealing withKnow what you “might be” dealing with Protect yourselfProtect yourself Protect the communityProtect the community Protect the next in line (transporter)Protect the next in line (transporter) Recommendations for the Selection and Use of Recommendations for the Selection and Use of
Protective Clothing & Respirators Against Protective Clothing & Respirators Against Biological Agents:Biological Agents:
www.bt.cdc.gov/DocumentsApp/Anthrax/Protective/www.bt.cdc.gov/DocumentsApp/Anthrax/Protective/10242001Protect.asp10242001Protect.asp
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Safety
Transporter/ShipperTransporter/Shipper Know what you “might be” dealing withKnow what you “might be” dealing with Protect yourself Protect yourself Protect the publicProtect the public Follow rules and regulationsFollow rules and regulations
IATA, USPS, DOT, Etc.IATA, USPS, DOT, Etc.
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Safety
Laboratory PersonnelLaboratory Personnel Handle & process according to Biosafety Level Handle & process according to Biosafety Level
Classifications (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Classifications (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4)Level 4)
Biosafety in Microbiological & Biomedical Laboratories Biosafety in Microbiological & Biomedical Laboratories CDC/NIH, 4CDC/NIH, 4thth Edition. Edition.
Protect yourselfProtect yourself Protect other laboratoriansProtect other laboratorians Protect the publicProtect the public
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Samples
Clinical specimensClinical specimens
Non-clinicalNon-clinical
EnvironmentalEnvironmental
Evidentiary MaterialsEvidentiary Materials
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Clinical SpecimenSpecimen Selection
All clinical specimens should go directly to a Level A Laboratory for processing
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Bacillus anthracisBacillus anthracisAnthraxAnthrax
CutaneousCutaneous Vesicular StageVesicular Stage
Fluid from intact Fluid from intact vesicles on sterile vesicles on sterile swabswab
Eschar StageEschar Stage Without removing Without removing
eschar, rotate swab eschar, rotate swab beneath edge of beneath edge of eschar & collect eschar & collect lesion materiallesion material
GastrointestinalGastrointestinal StoolStool
5-10 grams5-10 gramsSterile, leakproof Sterile, leakproof
containercontainerRectal swab Rectal swab
BloodBloodInstitution’s Institution’s
procedureprocedureRoutine blood Routine blood
culturescultures
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Bacillus anthracisBacillus anthracisAnthraxAnthrax
InhalationalInhalational SputumSputum
> 1 mL expectorated sputum> 1 mL expectorated sputumSterile, leakproof containerSterile, leakproof container
BloodBloodInstitution’s procedureInstitution’s procedureRoutine blood culturesRoutine blood cultures
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Yersinia pestisYersinia pestisPlaguePlague
PneumonicPneumonic Bronchial Bronchial
Wash/Transtracheal Wash/Transtracheal AspirateAspirate
>> 1 ml 1 ml Institution’s Institution’s
procedure procedure Sputum/ThroatSputum/Throat
Routine throat Routine throat culture (swab)culture (swab)
Expectorated Expectorated sputum – sterile, sputum – sterile, leakproof containerleakproof container
SepticemicSepticemic BloodBlood
Institution’s Institution’s procedureprocedure
Routine blood Routine blood cultureculture
BubonicBubonic Biopsied SpecimenBiopsied Specimen
Liver, spleen, bone Liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungmarrow, lung
Tissue aspirateTissue aspirate May yield little May yield little
materialmaterial
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Francisella tularensisFrancisella tularensisTularemiaTularemia
Biopsied tissueBiopsied tissue Scraping of an ulcer - preferredScraping of an ulcer - preferred Swab of an ulcer – alternateSwab of an ulcer – alternate
Tissue AspirateTissue Aspirate Bronchial/Tracheal WashBronchial/Tracheal Wash
Institution’s procedureInstitution’s procedure Sputum/ThroatSputum/Throat
Routine throat cultureRoutine throat culture Sputum expectorated into sterile, leakproof Sputum expectorated into sterile, leakproof
containercontainer BloodBlood
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Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum & & Botulism ToxinBotulism Toxin
FoodborneFoodborne Clinical MaterialClinical Material
SerumSerum Gastric contentsGastric contents VomitusVomitus StoolStool Enema fluidEnema fluid
Autopsy SamplesAutopsy Samples Intestinal & Gastic Intestinal & Gastic
contentscontents SerumSerum
Food SamplesFood Samples
InfantInfant StoolStool Enema fluidEnema fluid Post-mortem Post-mortem
samples (intestinal samples (intestinal contents)contents)
Food samplesFood samples Environmental Environmental
SamplesSamples
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Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum & & Botulism ToxinBotulism Toxin
WoundWound SerumSerum Wound tissue, Wound tissue,
exudate, swabexudate, swabAnaerobic Anaerobic
transporttransport StoolStool Enema fluidEnema fluid IsolateIsolate
Bioterrorism – Bioterrorism – Intentional ReleaseIntentional Release SerumSerum StoolStool Enema fluidEnema fluid Gastric aspirateGastric aspirate Nasal swabNasal swab Food samplesFood samples Environmental Environmental
samplessamples
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Variola majorVariola majorSmallpoxSmallpox
Report immediately to Report immediately to UDOHUDOH
UDOHUDOH contacts contacts CDC & FBICDC & FBI
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Variola majorVariola majorSmallpoxSmallpox
Biopsy SpecimenBiopsy Specimen 2-4 portions of tissue2-4 portions of tissue Sterile, leakproof, freezable containerSterile, leakproof, freezable container
ScabsScabs Scrapings/materialScrapings/material Sterile, leakproof, freezable containerSterile, leakproof, freezable container
Vesicular fluidVesicular fluid Separate lesionsSeparate lesions Include cellular materialInclude cellular material
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Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Specific handling conditions are currently Specific handling conditions are currently under development at the CDC.under development at the CDC.
SerumSerum 10-12cc of serum10-12cc of serum
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Chemical ExposureSpecimens to be collected from each individual
UrineUrine At least 25 mLAt least 25 mL Screw-cap plastic Screw-cap plastic
containers containers Freeze ASAPFreeze ASAP
Whole BloodWhole Blood Two – 5 or 7 mL Two – 5 or 7 mL
purple-top (EDTA) purple-top (EDTA) tubes – vacuum-fill tubes – vacuum-fill only (unopened)only (unopened)
Whole BloodWhole Blood One 5 mL or 7 mL One 5 mL or 7 mL
gray-top or green-top gray-top or green-top tube (unopened)tube (unopened)
One empty tubeOne empty tube
Whole BloodWhole Blood Two 10 mL red-top Two 10 mL red-top
tubes tubes no anticoagulantno anticoagulant Do not separate serum Do not separate serum
from cellsfrom cells
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Non-Clinical Specimens
To be delivered directly to the UDOH - Lab
AnimalAnimal Carcass, tissue, blood, bone, skinCarcass, tissue, blood, bone, skin
VectorVector Fleas, mosquitoes, ticks, fliesFleas, mosquitoes, ticks, flies
HumanHuman Post-mortem specimensPost-mortem specimens
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Environmental Samples
To be delivered directly to the UDOH - Lab
WaterWater At least 500 mLAt least 500 mL
Soil/MudSoil/Mud
Plant MaterialPlant Material
FoodFood
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Evidentiary MaterialsTo be delivered directly to the UDOH - Lab
Non-organicsNon-organics PowderPowder PaperPaper ContainersContainers
OrganicsOrganics HairHair WoodWood LiquidsLiquids
Example procedure for collecting environmental Example procedure for collecting environmental samples:samples: www.bt.cdc.gov/Agent/Anthrax/environmental-www.bt.cdc.gov/Agent/Anthrax/environmental-
sampling-apr2002.aspsampling-apr2002.asp
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Chain of Custody
Always observe a Chain of CustodyAlways observe a Chain of Custody EvidenceEvidence
CollectorCollectorTransporter Transporter LaboratoryLaboratory Each person to touch the sample must sign for Each person to touch the sample must sign for
it.it. Laboratory –Laboratory –
Signed for each time the sample is manipulatedSigned for each time the sample is manipulated
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Environmental SamplesPlease Pre-screen
Sample should be Sample should be determined to be a determined to be a credible threatcredible threat Determined by Determined by
FBI/Local law FBI/Local law enforcementenforcement
Directly related to Directly related to an eventan event
FBI or HAZMAT FBI or HAZMAT should should pre-screenpre-screen samples for:samples for: BombsBombs Incendiary Incendiary
DevicesDevices Radiological Radiological
MaterialsMaterials ChemicalsChemicals
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Specimen Packaging
Clinical-Clinical- Containers:Containers:
SterileSterileLeak-proofLeak-proofBlood collection tubesBlood collection tubesSterile swabsSterile swabs
Labeled, individually, with patient IDLabeled, individually, with patient ID According to institution’s protocolsAccording to institution’s protocols
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Specimen Packaging Non-clinical-Non-clinical-
Original containers – if possibleOriginal containers – if possible1. Sample placed in sealed, clean, dry 1. Sample placed in sealed, clean, dry container – Ziplock bags okay container – Ziplock bags okay2. Change gloves2. Change gloves3. Sample placed in 23. Sample placed in 2ndnd container container a. In a clean areaa. In a clean area
b. Seal 2b. Seal 2ndnd container container4. Change gloves4. Change gloves5. Decontaminate outer container with 10% 5. Decontaminate outer container with 10%
bleach solution bleach solution OR OR add a 3add a 3rdrd container. container.
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Packaging & Shipping
Commercial CarriersCommercial Carriers
&&
Local TransferLocal Transfer
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Regulations Protect!Protect!
Postal personnelPostal personnel Airline personnelAirline personnel Industry personnelIndustry personnel
Made by:Made by: Federal governmentFederal government Private industry associationsPrivate industry associations
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Regulations ResponsibilityResponsibility is given to the is given to the SHIPPERSHIPPER!!
Shipper must Shipper must CORRECTLYCORRECTLY::ClassifyClassifyPackagePackageLabelLabelPrepare documentationPrepare documentationFor all For all Diagnostic & InfectiousDiagnostic & Infectious Materials MaterialsMUST be Trained & Certified!!!MUST be Trained & Certified!!!
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Regulations Training & CertificationTraining & Certification
Anyone directly involved with the Anyone directly involved with the shipping of diagnostic materials or shipping of diagnostic materials or infectious substances.infectious substances.
1 individual per institution must be 1 individual per institution must be trained.trained.By certified training authorityBy certified training authority
That person trains othersThat person trains others
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Regulations
Training & CertificationTraining & Certification Saf-T-Pak, IncSaf-T-Pak, Inc
1-day course – Spring 2003 – SLC1-day course – Spring 2003 – SLC1-800-814-74841-800-814-7484www.saftpak.comwww.saftpak.com
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Classification Diagnostic Specimen vs. Infectious SubstanceDiagnostic Specimen vs. Infectious Substance
Diagnostic SpecimenDiagnostic SpecimenNot considered hazardousNot considered hazardousPoses negligible threatPoses negligible threatLow probability of containing Low probability of containing
pathogenspathogensTesting other than for presence of Testing other than for presence of
pathogenspathogensHave not been tested yetHave not been tested yet
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Classification Diagnostic Specimen vs. Infectious Diagnostic Specimen vs. Infectious
SubstanceSubstance Infectious Substance:Infectious Substance:
Same as Hazardous MaterialSame as Hazardous MaterialContains or Suspected to contain agent Contains or Suspected to contain agent
that may cause infection that may cause infection (bacteria/virus)(bacteria/virus)
Human/Animal samples likely to Human/Animal samples likely to contain an infectious agentcontain an infectious agent
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Shipment byCommercial Carrier
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Shipment byCommercial Carrier
PlanningPlanning PackagingPackaging LabelingLabeling DocumentingDocumenting ShippingShipping
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Planning
Call Recipient:Call Recipient:
Verify shipping Verify shipping addressaddress
Obtain contact Obtain contact name & phonename & phone
Verify when to shipVerify when to ship
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Packaging
Includes:Includes: ClassificationClassification PackingPacking LabelingLabeling DocumentationDocumentation
Must withstand:Must withstand: LeakageLeakage ShocksShocks Pressure ChangesPressure Changes Other conditionsOther conditions
TransportTransport
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Packaging Primary Sample ContainerPrimary Sample Container
Waterproof & Leak-proofWaterproof & Leak-proof Seal plates/tubes with tapeSeal plates/tubes with tape Wrap specimen container in absorbent materialWrap specimen container in absorbent material
Enough to absorb entire liquid contentsEnough to absorb entire liquid contents Ziplock Biohazard bagZiplock Biohazard bag
Solids – 1 bagSolids – 1 bagLiquids – 2 bagsLiquids – 2 bags
Pre-freeze specimens if shipping frozenPre-freeze specimens if shipping frozen
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Packaging Secondary ContainerSecondary Container
Complete Packaging SystemComplete Packaging SystemUnbreakableUnbreakableWater-proofWater-proofLeak-proofLeak-proofBiohazard LabelBiohazard Label
Commercial Suppliers of Certified Packaging Commercial Suppliers of Certified Packaging SystemsSystems
i.e. Saf-T-Pak, EXAKT-PAKi.e. Saf-T-Pak, EXAKT-PAK
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Packaging Certified Outer Shipping PackageCertified Outer Shipping Package
Strong enough to hold capacity & massStrong enough to hold capacity & massIndicated on the bottom of boxIndicated on the bottom of box
Choose appropriate packageChoose appropriate package Must meet UN Class 6.2 SpecsMust meet UN Class 6.2 Specs
Must bear the UN Packaging Must bear the UN Packaging Specification MarkingSpecification Marking
4G CLASS 6.2 / 994G CLASS 6.2 / 99
CAN / 8-2 SAF-T-PAKCAN / 8-2 SAF-T-PAKUN
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Packaging
Certified Outer Shipping PackageCertified Outer Shipping Package Each comes with:Each comes with:
Inner PackagingInner PackagingLabelsLabels
Do NOT make any substitutionsDo NOT make any substitutionsUN-certification becomes invalidUN-certification becomes invalid
Refurbishment kits may be usedRefurbishment kits may be used
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Packaging
Certified Outer Shipping PackageCertified Outer Shipping Package Closing instructions includedClosing instructions included Over-packs?Over-packs?
Shipping packs & over-packs Shipping packs & over-packs
• Marked & Labeled identicallyMarked & Labeled identically
• Additional Label:Additional Label:
““Inner packages comply with Inner packages comply with prescribed specificationsprescribed specifications””
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Labeling
Apply to flat surface w/o overlap or corner Apply to flat surface w/o overlap or corner wrapwrap
HAZARDHAZARD Labels for Dangerous Goods Labels for Dangerous Goods Must be displayed on packages Must be displayed on packages
containing:containing:Infectious substancesInfectious substancesDry iceDry ice
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Labeling Hazard Class 6.2 Hazard Class 6.2 Infectious SubstancesInfectious Substances
Etiologic agentsBiomedical material
In case of damage or leakageNotify Director CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
(404) 633-5313
Apply on the blank diamond marked on outside package
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Labeling Miscellaneous Hazard Class 9Miscellaneous Hazard Class 9 Dry Ice Dry Ice
Weight of dry ice in kgWeight of dry ice in kg Handwritten on labelHandwritten on label Apply on side opposite Hazardous Apply on side opposite Hazardous
Substance labelSubstance label UN Shipping Name Label for Dry IceUN Shipping Name Label for Dry Ice
Carbon dioxide, solidCarbon dioxide, solid (Dry Ice)(Dry Ice)
UN1845UN1845_______kg_______kg
Next to Dry Ice Hazard LabelNext to Dry Ice Hazard Label
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Labeling Orientation LabelsOrientation Labels
Opposite sides of shipping containerOpposite sides of shipping containerDo not cover the hazard labelsDo not cover the hazard labels
UN Shipping Name LabelUN Shipping Name Label Required for Required for EACH EACH Infectious OrganismInfectious Organism
Infectious substances,Infectious substances,
Affecting humansAffecting humans
(Escherichia coli)(Escherichia coli)
UN2814UN2814
X _________mLX _________mL
Apply next to Hazard Class 6.2 labelApply next to Hazard Class 6.2 label
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Labeling
Address LabelAddress Label One side of outer boxOne side of outer box Must include:Must include:
Receiver’s name, shipping address (No Receiver’s name, shipping address (No PO boxes) & phone (with area code)PO boxes) & phone (with area code)
Shipper’s name, address & phoneShipper’s name, address & phoneTemperature/Storage requirements Temperature/Storage requirements
(optional)(optional)
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Documenting
Complete Complete forms & lettersforms & letters (enclose (enclose w/sample)w/sample) MemoMemo
All infectious substance shipmentsAll infectious substance shipmentsLetterheadLetterheadInsert on top of 2Insert on top of 2ndnd container container
Test requestTest request
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Documenting
Shipping Record FileShipping Record File Copies of all formsCopies of all forms Keep 2 yearsKeep 2 years
Shipping DocumentsShipping Documents Provided by Commercial CarrierProvided by Commercial Carrier
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Documenting Shipping DocumentsShipping Documents
Commercial Air Shipments require:Commercial Air Shipments require:Air WaybillAir Waybill
• Name & telephone # responsible personName & telephone # responsible person• Person should be Person should be
– KnowledgeableKnowledgeable– Accessible 24/7Accessible 24/7
• Shipping pouch (address window)Shipping pouch (address window)– Top surface of closed packageTop surface of closed package
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Documenting Shipping DocumentsShipping Documents
All infectious substance shipments All infectious substance shipments require: require: Dangerous Goods DeclarationDangerous Goods DeclarationTo avoid a LARGE fine (> $1000)To avoid a LARGE fine (> $1000)
• Forms in shipping pouch & apply Forms in shipping pouch & apply pouch to bottom of packagepouch to bottom of package
• Edges of pouch cannot overlap any Edges of pouch cannot overlap any of the labels or markings on the sideof the labels or markings on the side
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Shipping
Some commercial carriers will NOT ship Some commercial carriers will NOT ship Call local carrier to seeCall local carrier to see
FedEx – will shipFedEx – will ship Computer program – document Computer program – document
preparation preparation
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Local Transport of Diagnostic Specimens & Infectious
Substances
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Local Transport
Usually courier serviceUsually courier service Transfer of specimens from:Transfer of specimens from:
Dr.’s office/hospital Dr.’s office/hospital Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory
As important as air transportAs important as air transport No possibility of contents escaping under No possibility of contents escaping under
normal transport conditionsnormal transport conditions
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Packaging Primary Sample ContainerPrimary Sample Container
Water-proofWater-proof Leak-proofLeak-proof Seal plates/tubes with tapeSeal plates/tubes with tape Wrap absorbent material around Wrap absorbent material around
specimen container and securespecimen container and secure Ziplock Biohazard bagZiplock Biohazard bag
Solids – 1 bagSolids – 1 bagLiquids – 2 bagsLiquids – 2 bags
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Labeling
Label with:Label with: Name, address & phone of recipientName, address & phone of recipient Storage requirementsStorage requirements
ID form/test requestID form/test request Outside pocket of biohazard bagOutside pocket of biohazard bag Do Do NOTNOT put forms inside with the put forms inside with the
specimen!!specimen!!
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Transporting
Sample containers placed in Sample containers placed in leak-proofleak-proof, , unbreakableunbreakable Transport BoxTransport Box
Secure, tight-fitting coverSecure, tight-fitting coverBiohazard labelBiohazard label
Frozen specimensFrozen specimens Labeled, insulated box w/dry iceLabeled, insulated box w/dry ice
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Transporting Transport box Transport box
Carried to courier vehicleCarried to courier vehicleSecure in position for transportSecure in position for transportVERY IMPORTANT!!VERY IMPORTANT!!
Courier VehicleCourier Vehicle Should carry a spill kit with:Should carry a spill kit with:
Absorbent materialAbsorbent materialDisposable glovesDisposable glovesChlorine disinfectantChlorine disinfectantLeak-proof waste disposal containerLeak-proof waste disposal container
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Regulations
Public Health Service 42 CFR Part 72. Public Health Service 42 CFR Part 72. Interstate Transportation of Etiologic Agents.Interstate Transportation of Etiologic Agents. http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/shipregs.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/shipregs.htm
Department of Transportation. 49 DFR Parts Department of Transportation. 49 DFR Parts 171-180. Hazardous Materials Regulations. 171-180. Hazardous Materials Regulations. Applies to the shipment of both biological agents Applies to the shipment of both biological agents and clinical specimens.and clinical specimens. http://www.hazmat.dot.gov/rules.htmhttp://www.hazmat.dot.gov/rules.htm New regulations just establishedNew regulations just established
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Regulations United States Postal Service. 39 CFR Part 111. United States Postal Service. 39 CFR Part 111.
Mail ability of Etiologic Agents.Mail ability of Etiologic Agents. From the From the Domestic Mail Manual 124.38Domestic Mail Manual 124.38 http://www.access.gpo.govhttp://www.access.gpo.gov
Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA). 29 CFR Part 1910. Administration (OSHA). 29 CFR Part 1910. 1030. 1030. Provides minimal packaging and labeling Provides minimal packaging and labeling requirements for transport of blood and body requirements for transport of blood and body fluids within the laboratory and outside of it.fluids within the laboratory and outside of it. http://www.osha.govhttp://www.osha.gov
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Regulations Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR). Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR).
International Air Transport Association International Air Transport Association (IATA). (IATA). These regulations followed by the These regulations followed by the airlines provide packaging and labeling airlines provide packaging and labeling requirements for infectious substances and requirements for infectious substances and materials as well as for diagnostic specimens.materials as well as for diagnostic specimens. http://www.iata.org/cargo/dg/http://www.iata.org/cargo/dg/
Guidelines for the Safe Transport of Infectious Guidelines for the Safe Transport of Infectious Substances and Diagnostic Specimens. Substances and Diagnostic Specimens. World World Health Organization (WHO), 1997.Health Organization (WHO), 1997. http://www.who.int/emc/biosafety.htmlhttp://www.who.int/emc/biosafety.html
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Other Websites
CDC – Centers for Disease ControlCDC – Centers for Disease Control www.bt.cdc.govwww.bt.cdc.gov
ASM – American Society for MicrobiologyASM – American Society for Microbiology www.asmusa.orgwww.asmusa.org
Utah Department of Health (Microbiology)Utah Department of Health (Microbiology) www.health.utah.gov/els/microbiologywww.health.utah.gov/els/microbiology
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Additional Comments Call ahead of timeCall ahead of time
Clinical/EnvironmentalClinical/Environmental Let lab know sample is on its wayLet lab know sample is on its way
Clinical SpecimensClinical Specimens Go to Level A Labs for rule-outGo to Level A Labs for rule-out
Environmental SpecimensEnvironmental Specimens Go to UDOH LabGo to UDOH Lab
UDOH has 24/7 coverageUDOH has 24/7 coverage
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Contact Information Utah Department of Health Lab ResponseUtah Department of Health Lab Response
Kim ChristensenKim Christensen – 801-584-8449 – 801-584-8449 [email protected]@utah.gov
June PounderJune Pounder – 801-584-8449 – 801-584-8449 [email protected]@utah.gov
Barbara JepsonBarbara Jepson – – 801-884-8595 801-884-8595 [email protected]@utah.gov
Emergency Pager Emergency Pager – 801-241-1172– 801-241-1172
FBI - 801-579-1400FBI - 801-579-1400
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