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MODUL

BAHASA INGGRIS

KELAS XI SEMESTER II

Disusun oleh :Arini Jati i!iati"a

XI I#A $

SMA N $ UNGGULAN MARTA#URA

TAHUN #ELAJARAN %&'()%&'*

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SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Remember the word S+OM#T. It will help you to construct English sentences:

S + O M # T

Su,-

e.t

!er, o,-e.t /anner 0la.e ti/e

I saw Robert at school on Monday.

He passed the exam easily.

1uestions:

234 + S 2+4 O M # T

55

what – who – when – where – why – which – how

'6 7es)No 8uestions:

Inversion: a. verb to be: I a/ late. - A/ I late – !es" you are. # $o" you are not.

b. modal verbs: He .an type. - 9an he type – !es" he can. # $o" he can%t.

c. have got : I ha!e ot a computer. - Ha!e ;ou ot a computer -

– !es" I have. # $o" I haven%t.

&uxiliary: other verbs: 'hey (inished yesterday. – Di< they (inish yesterday

– !es" they did. # $o" they didn%t.

%6 3h= 8uestions 2usin what, who, when, where, why, which, how4:

$o auxiliary – when as)ing about the subject :

3ho made the ca)e – Rosie made it.

&uxiliary – when as)ing about the object, manner, place or time:

3ho did you meet – I met #aul.

3here does he wor)

*reposition at the end o( the sentence:

3ho do you live >ith 3hat are you loo)ing at 3hat%s the weather li"e

$6 Alternati!e 8uestions 2.hoi.e4:

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+ould you li)e tea or co((ee – 'ea" please.

(6 In<ire.t 8uestions:

+ho are those 0eo0le Do ;ou "no> who those 0eo0le are ,no inversion: - / +hat <oes she >ant I <on?t "no> what she >ants. ,no auxiliary/

0an he help us I don%t )now i@)>hether he can help us. ,yes#no 1uestions/

VERB TENSES

1. Present Simple

or/a: 1. Nominal

(+) S + to be (am/is/are) + N /Adj / adv

(-) S + to be + NOT + N / Adj / Adv

(?) To be + S + N / Adj / Adv

Ex:1. te eart is ro!nd

". Tese b!ildin#s are not a$ross m% o!se.

&. Are %o! o'?

. s%ams!l is ver% ri$ erson

". *erbal

(+) S + *1 s/es + .

(--) S + do/does + NOT + *1 + .

(?) ,o/does + S + *1 + ...

Ex:1. te s!n rises in te east". Te $ildren dont #o to s$ool ever%da%.&. ater boils at 10.. % does iron r!st?

• +e need a good technical dictionary in order to understand the article.• 0hemistry is a science which deals with substances.

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• In the lab we don%t use these dangerous chemicals.

• He doesn%t study at our university.

• 'he laboratory is e1uipped with experimental technology.

• Many scienti(ic terms are un)nown to non-scientists.

2. Present Continuous

or/a: (+) S + to be (am/is/are) + *1 + in# + .

(-) S + to be + NOT + *1 + in# + .

(?) To be + S + *1 + in# + ...

Ex:1. % 2ater is sleein# no3

". 4o! are not st!d%in# En#lis5 b!t %o! are st!d%in# at.

&. at are %o! doin#? Are %o! 3ritin# a letter?.

• &t the moment 'om is analysing the substance.

• Mary is studying at 0ambridge this year.

• 0hanges in the amount o( ice (loating in the polar oceans are causing sea levels to rise.

• *olarographic methods are being used in the analysis o( metals now.

• 'he problem is being intensively studied these days.

• &ccording to the programme we are carrying out the experiment next Monday.• I am seeing the director tomorrow at 2 o%cloc).

. Present Per!ect

or/a : (+) S + 6ave/as + *&/been + .

(-) S + 6ave/as + NOT + *&/been + . 7O8/S9NE..

(?) 6ave/as + S + *&/been + .

• 'he rain has already ruined the tomato crops.

• +e still haven%t discovered li(e on other planets.

• I have )nown him since we met at university.

• Many uses o( this method have been described in the literature.

• 'he polarographic method has been )nown (or many years.

• 'hese views have aroused considerable interest.

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". Present Per!ect Continuous

or/a: (+) S + 6ave/as + been + *in#.

(-) S + 6ave/as + NOT + been + *in#... 7O8..

(?) 6ave/as + S + been + *in#.

• I have been wor)ing in this institute since 3444.

• He has been waiting (or the results (or an hour.

• He can%t drive. He has been drin)ing.

• 'he barometer has been rising since yesterday.

#. Simple Past Tense

or/a: 1. Nominal (+) S + to be (3as/3ere) + N /Adj / adv

(-) S + to be (3as/3ere) + NOT + N / Adj / Adv

(?) To be (3as/3ere) + S + N / Adj / AdvEx:1. 6e 3as a tea$er.( 6e is not a tea$er an%more)". Te% 3erent in te same $lass.

&. as %o!r 2ater at ome %esterda%?

". *erbal (+) S + *" + .

(-) S + did + NOT + *1 + .

(?) ,id + S + *1 + .Ex:

'6 5ec1uerel discovered radioactivity in 67896

%6 ong ago" people built houses o( wood.

$6 It started during those (irst months when I moved there" a(ter he went abroad.

$. Past Continuous Tense

or/a: (+) S + 3as/3ere + *1 + in# + .

(-) S + 3as/3ere + NOT + *1 + in# + .

(?) 3as/3ere + S + *1 + in# + .

• He was wor)ing on his thesis (or several months last school term.• ;uring the experiment he was using several bea)ers" test tubes and (unnels.

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• <leming >as stu<;in in(luen=a when he discovered penicillin.

%. Past Per!ect Tense

or/a: (+) S + 6ad + *&/been + .

(-) S + 6ad + NOT + *&/been + . 7O8/S9NE..

(?) 6ad + S + *&/been +

• &(ter she had (inished the experiment" she cleaned the entire laboratory.

• 5y the time we got to the laboratory" the experiment had already started.

• Everything was >ust as I had le(t it in the morning.

• He showed me the latest issue o( the periodical" which had >ust come out.

&. Past Per!ect Continuous

or/a: (+) S + 6ad + been + *in#.

(-) S + 6ad + NOT + been + *in#... 7O8..

(?) 6ad + S + been + *9N; ....

• 'he whole place was deserted but it was obvious that someone had been staying there.

•+hile I had been preparing all the e1uipment" ?im had escaped.• It was more than a month until I reali=ed what had been happening.

'. Present (uture Tense

or/a: (+) S + ill/sall *1/be + .

(-) S + 3ill/sall + NOT + *1/be +

(?) ill/sall + S + *1/be + .

• 'his container will hold 2 liters o( petrol

• +e will only per(orm a preliminary analysis.

• I will return # I shall return to this possibility later.

• I thin) he won %t (inish in time.

• hall I prepare the e1uipment (or the experiment now

• 'his container will be (illed with sulphur acid.

• &ll the experiment will be repeated several times.

• 'he con(erence will be held next wee) in ondon.

(uture Tense Continuous

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or/a: s @ >ill ,e +in 9o/0le/ent

• He will be leaving in a (ew days.

• !ou will be hearing (rom us in any case.

• +e will be wor)ing in the lab whole day tomorrow.

• +e are going to carry out the experiment again to gain some better results.

• oo)A 'he glass is going to (all.

1) . (uture Per!ect an* Continuous

or/a: +) S + ill 6ave + *&/been + .

(-) S + ill 6ave + NOT + *&/been + . <% Te time..

(?) ill + S + 6ave + *&/been + .

• 5y the time we get to the classroom the lecture will have started.

or/a: s @ >ill ha!e ,een + in .o/0le/ent

$ext year I will have been wor)ing at the Institute (or (i(teen years.

• 5y the time I get there" they will have been waiting (or me (or two hours.

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P+SSVE V-CE

Stru.ture:

su,-e.t

2>hi.h is not the aent4

!er, to e in a00ro0riate

tense @or/

$r< @or/ o@ the

.ontent !er,

'he thesis is#was#has been#will be etc. written

'he thesis is#was etc. being written

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+hen the continuous (orm is needed" we insert ,ein ,-ing (orm o( the verb to be/ between the

verb to be and the content verb.

I wrote the thesis. – The thesis was written.

I have written the thesis. – The thesis has been written.I will write the thesis. – The thesis will be written.

I%m writing the thesis. – The thesis is being written.

RE/+TVE C/+USES

6# defining relative clauses

3# non-defining relative clauses

6# 0e!inin relatie clauses are an essential part o( the message o( the sentence ,they clearlyidenti(y which person or thing we are tal)ing about/ and there(ore cannot be omitted and are

not separated with commas.

• 'he doctor who treated me told me not to worry.

3# Non3*e!inin relatie clauses bring additional but non-essential in(ormation ,(acts" opinions/"

so they are mar)ed with commas and could be easily le(t out without the main sentence losing

its meaning.

• &lexander <leming" who died in 6822" was a cottish biologist" pharmacologist and

botanist.

Relati!e 0ronouns: >ho (or people" >hi.h (or things and that (or both categories. However >ho

is pre(erred (or people and in de(ining clauses that is usually used (or ob>ects. +e can drop the

relative pronoun i( it de(ines the ob>ect o( the clause ,this applies to de(ining clauses only/.

• My (riend ,who/ I visited on aturday has >ust called me.

• 'he doctor I spo)e to told me not to worry.

In non-de(ining relative clauses thatB is not used" so we only use BwhoB (or people and BwhichB

(or ob>ects and we do not leave the relative pronoun out o( the sentence.

• 'he doctor who treated me was very pro(essional.

*ossessive >hose is used (or people and (or things.

C.the student whose diploma thesisC

Cthe laboratory whose windowsC.

Relati!e a<!er,s: >hereC >henC >h; describe place" time or reason. Instead o( a relative adverb"

we can use a preposition @ which.

• 'hat was a year when I graduated. # 'hat was a year in which I graduated.

$otice:

3hi.h may also be used in non-de(ining clauses to re(er to the whole o( the main sentence ,thiscorresponds with the 0=ech relative pronoun BcoD/.

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• He didnFt call me" which was disappointing.

$otice:

3hat cannot be used as a relative pronoun. It is a pronoun that introduces ob>ect clauses.

He told me what he did. ,what G the thing that" everything that" all thatC/ - ob>ect clause

He told me everything ,that/ he did. - relative clause

ADJECT!E C"A#$E %&ATA $'AT(

6. +ho : 5ersi(at )ata orang she" he

3. +hom : 5ersi(at )ata orang me" you" her" him" than" us" it

J. +hose : 5ersi(at )ata orang her" his" my" your" our" their" its

K. +hich : 5ersi(at )ata benda me" you" her" their" us" it

E)ample

+ho

I than)ed the woman. he helped me

I than)ed the woman. +ho helped me

+hom

'he man was Mr. ?ones. I saw him

'he man whom was Mr. ?ones I raw

the people were very nice. +e visited than yesterday

the people were very nice. +hom we visited yesterday

+hose

I apologi=ed the woman. I spelled her co((ee

I apologi=ed the woman +hose I spelled co((ee

I )now the man His bicycle was stolen

I )now the man +hose bicycle was stolen

+hich

the boo) was good. I red it

the boo) which I red was good

the move wasnLt very good. +e say it last night

the move wasnLt very good which we say last night.

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EX#RESSION

II$ &$; &N <OR O*I$IO$

&s)ing (or opinion

6. +hat do you thin) (or#i(...

3. ;o you thin)...

J. +hatLs your opinion about...

K. +hat your idea about...

iving (or opinion

6. In myopinion abaut...

3. I thin)...

J. in myview...

K. I assume...Example

+hatLs your opinion about mrs.;ini

In myopinion about mrs.;ini is beauti(ul" she is have high body and in studying she is very

explicit. He student late go to school" she give a punishment which hard.

&REEME$' &$; ;I&REEME$'

En1uiring about ,mencari tahu pendapat/

+ouldnLt you agree , that /...

+ouldnLt you say ,that/...;onLt you thin) ,that/...

Expressing agreement ,menyata)an persetu>uan/

I agree ,with you/

!ou are right

'hatL right

I )now

&bsolutely

;e(enetely

Expressing disagreement ,menyata)an tida) persetu>uan/I disagree

I donLt agree

I am not sure ,about that/

I donLt )now ,about that/

I am cannLt agree

EP*REIO$ O< &$ER#5E &$ER

go away:

I have you:

houth your mounth:

E)ample P: I will go away because ILm anger some you

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!: ILm sorry" I must ma)e you anger

9ONDITIONAL TENSE

#RO9EDURE

6. ocial (unction o( procedure

'he purpose o( the social (unction o( a procedure is to describe how something is done or made

through a se1uence o( instructions.

3. eneric tructure o( a *rocedure

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a. oal: something we want to reach ,to do# to ma)e/

b. Materials: and e1uipments needed

c. teps: series o( instructions using se1uence o( orders

J. igni(icant rammatical <eatures

a. Qse o( simple present tense mostly in the (orm o( imperative#command ,positive and negative/

b. Qse o( the se1uence o( orders mar)ed by the word: (irst" then" next" a(ter that" (inally" etc.

c. Qse o( must and must not

E)ample

oal : Ho> to /a"e S>eet 9o@@ee

'ools : 6. 0up

3. poon J. under layer

Materials : weet co((ee

+ater warm

ugar

teps : 6. *our co((ee and sugar su((iciently into cup

3. *our water warm into cup with mix well

J. *ut cup in up under layer

K. weet co((ee is really to be served.

oal : Ho> To Ma"e ruit I.e

Materials :

Mango

&vocado

ugar li1uid

Mil)

Ice 0ube

&pple

trawberriesrapes

?ac)(ruit

teps :

<irst" 0ut the (ruit round or dice.

'hen" cratching the (lesh o( a melon.

'hen" 5oil sugar with water until coo)ed (or about J4 minutes.

$ext" *ut in serving glasses that have been cut round pieces or dice.

'hen" to taste *our the sugar li1uid" put ice cubes and put mil) on ice (ruit.

ast" put the decorations on the glass with a piece o( strawberry on it.

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NARRATI+E

General 9hara.teristi. o@ Narrati!e

6. ocial (unction o( $arrative

'o entertain" amuse" and to deal with actual or vicarious experiences in di((erent ways. $arrative

deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point o( some )ids which in turn

(inds a resolution

3. $arrative 'ext 'ype

$arrative text types are in the (orm o(: (able" (airy tales" historical stories" (ol)tale" legends"

mysteries" etc.

J. eneric tructure o( $arrative

Orientation : sets the scene and introduces the participants

0omplication : a crisis cerise

Resolution : the crisis is resolved (or better or (or worse

K. igni(icant anguage <eature o( $arrative

a/ <ocus in speci(ic and individuali=ed participants

b/ Qse o( relational processes ,action verbs/

c/ Qse relational processes and mental processes

d/ Qse o( past tense

e/ Qse o( temporal con>unctions and temporal circumstances

(/ Qse o( process ,saying verbs/ in direct and speech.

E)ample

'6 The Stor; o@ Sno> 3hite

Once upon a time...In earlier times there lived a" who named now +hite . He lived withhis aunt and uncle because his parents died. One day she heard her uncle and aunt tal)ing about

leaving now +hite in the castle because they wanted to go to &merica and they did not have

enough money to ta)e now +hite with them. *rincess now +hite did not want her uncle and

aunt to do this. o he decided to escape.

'he next day he ran away (rom home when her aunt and uncle were having brea)(ast" he

(led into the wood. In the wood she (elt very tired and hungry. 'hen she saw this cottage. he

)noc)ed" but no one answered her so she went inside and (ell asleep Meanwhile" seven dwar(s

came home (rom his wor). 'hey get into. 'here" they (ound now +hite wo)e up (rom his sleep.

He saw the dwar(s. 'he dwar( said: +hat is your name now +hite said" My name is now

+hite. One dwar( said" I( you want" you can stay here with us. L now +hite tells all about her story. 'hen daughter snow and the seven dwarves are now living happily ever a(ter.

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%6The Oriin o@ the Sura,a;a

Once upon a time" there were two animals" ura and 5aya. ura was the name o( a shar)

and 5aya was a crocodile. 'hey dwelled in an ocean.

Once ura and 5aya were loo)ing (or some nourishment. &bruptly" 5aya saw a goat.

B!ummy" this is my lunch" said 5aya.

B$o wayA 'his is my midday meal. !ou are greedy said ura. 'hen they battled (or the

goat. &(ter several hours" they were very exhausted.

<eeling exhausted o( battling" they lived in the di((erent places. ura dwelled in the water

and 5aya dwelled in the land. 'he border was the sandy shore" so they would never battle a(resh.

One day" ura went to the land and loo)ed (or some nourishment in the stream. He was

very (amished and there was not much nourishment in the sea. 5aya was very (urious when he)new that ura bro)e the pledge.

'hey (ought a(resh. 'hey both hit each other. ura bit 5ayaLs tail. 5aya did the same thing

to ura. He bit very hard until ura eventually provided up and & went bac) to the sea. 5aya was

happy.

$6The oriin o@ the .it; o@ Ban;u>ani

Once upon a time" there was a local ruler named Ning ulah)romo thing. *rime Minister

Ning has named Raden idope)so. *rime Minister Ls wi(e has named ri 'an>ung. he is so

beauti(ul and sweet that the )ing wanted her to be his wi(e. One day" the Ning sent the *rime

Minister (or long missions. +hile the *rime Minister went" the Ning tried to get ri 'an>ung. 5ut

the )ing (ailed.

He was very angry and upset. o" when idope)so bac)" the Ning told him that his wi(e

was un(aith(ul to him. *rime Minister is very angry with his wi(e. ri 'an>ung said that was not

true. However" idope)so said that he would )ill her. he too) him to the river ban).

5e(ore he )illed him and threw him into the river" he said that he will be proven innocent"

Once idope)so )ill him" he threw his body into the river dirty. River soon became clean and start

spreading the wonder(ul aroma and very (ragrant. idope)so said" ... 5anyu +angi... 5anyuwangi. It means L (ragrant water L. 5anyuwangi proo( o( love born o( noble and sacred. 'hatLs the origin

o( the town o( 5anyuwangi.

(6 The to ,e "in 0oor /on"e; >ants

Once upon a time... Happy mon)ey dance at gatherings o( animals" and they are all very

pleased with his per(ormance that they elected him their )ing. & <ox" envying him the honor"

discovered a piece o( meat lying in a trap" and leading the Mon)ey to the spot" said that he had

(ound a shop in the woods" but do not use it" he had been saving (or him as treasure trove o( his

)ingdom" and counseled him to sei=e it.

Mon)ey approached carelessly and was caught in a trap" and on his accusing the <ox

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deliberately too) him into a trap" he replied" Oh Mon)ey" and you" with your mind li)e you" will

be the Ning o( animals

*6 in<in @ar/ers Mai. Bo

Once upon a time... In the a(ternoon" there was a poor (armer. He lives with his wi(e" Oneday" he dug his (ield and (ound a very large box. He then store them in their homes. One sunny

morning" she dropped apples in the box. uddenly" the box gets (illed with apples. $o matter how

many apples were ta)en out" more apples going on inside the box. One day" (orming dropping gold

coins into the box.

imultaneously" &pple began to disappear and the box (ull o( gold coins. <armer soon

became rich. &(ter hearing that his son became wealthy" (orming a (ather visiting couples. His

(ather was not very strong. He could not go out to wor) again. o the (armer as)ed his old (ather

to help him ta)e the gold coins out o( the box. His (ather wor)ed hard" too) the gold coins out o(

the box. +hen he was told that he was very tired and wanted to rest" the (armer yelled to him"

+hy are you so la=y +hy can not you wor) harder old man said nothing and continued to wor) long uddenly Man (ell into the box" he died.

&s well as gold coins began to disappear and the box is (illed with the dead. 'he (ormer

should be pulled out and buried. 'o do this" (armers have to spend all the money that had been

collected earlier. +hen he had spent all his money" bro)e the box. 'he (armer was ugly as be(ore"

terrible ending.

6 #ino..hio An< the >i."e< >it.h

Once upon a time... In a large pine (orest in the country Italy" lonely. He always dreamed

about having a child. Every day" he went to cut wood (or the city people. One day" an idea

illuminated his mind" the idea o( cra(ting a puppet" that he would give the name o( *inocchio. He

made the doll and at night" the puppet come to li(eA One year o( happiness and thriller passed" on

unday morning" epetto told *inocchio: itLs my birthday soon" my little boyA I hope you do not

(orget itA Oh" sure" ILm notA *inocchio (elt aw)ward.

He did not thin) about it. epettos birthday comes >ust three days ahead" and he had not

prepared a gi(t. &(ter a long night o( re(lecting" *inocchio (inally decided to o((er a homemade

chocolate ca)e to her as a gi(t. +hen the sun rose" *inocchio was ready to go outside to (ind the

ingredients. 'he main problem was not even )nown he was in and the recipe.

o a(ter school" he decided to go as) someone (or the ingredients to ba)e a ca)e. ;uring

his wal)" *inocchio" the wooden puppet" met shamans city. Hey" little boy" do you need help (or

your chocolate ca)e Hum !ou can help me" 'anya *inocchio. ure" I could. <ollow meA &(ter

wal)ing a (ew minutes so" *inocchio saw big" big" big huge candy house. 'hey entered together

and *inocchio was caught by a large enclosure. MouahahahaA I was (inally able to catch youA !ou

are mine" you will wor) (or meA " aid the evil witch.

*inocchio was terri(ied. +hen the guards came and too) him out o( the cage" he

immediately ran very (ast and he managed to escape. &t the same time" the evil wi=ard "

summoned all his troops with him" ran a(ter him and he pulled out his wand. Evil devil changed

the little wooden puppet into a chocolate ca)eA +hen he returned home" he told the whole story to

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his (ather and they went to (ind a (airy god . &(ter a long >ourney" they (inally (ound the (airy god

and they had a magic potion (or *inocchio" *inocchio to treat the poor.

F6 Lo!e stor; o@ 9in<erella

Once upon a time... In the past era" there was a beauti(ul young girl named 0inderella. Helived with his mother and two sisters. Mother and sister arrogant and bad tempered. 'hey treated

0inderella very badly. tep mother made 0inderella do the hardest >ob in the house" such as

scrubbing the (loor" cleaning the pot and pan and preparing (ood (or the (amily. econd step sister"

on the other hand" does not wor) on the house. 'heir mother gave them many handsome dresses to

wear. One day" two hal(-brothers received an invitation to the ball that the )ing Ls son would give

at the palace.

'hey were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would

wear. <inally" the ball came" and away went the sisters. 0inderella could not help crying a(ter they

le(t. +hy are crying" 0inderella 'he voice as)ed. He loo)ed up and saw her (airy godmother

standing beside her" because I wanted to go to the ball 0inderella. +ell godmother said" youLve been such a cheer(ul" hardwor)ing" uncomplaining girl that I will see that you go to the ball.

Magic" (airy godmother turned a pump)in into a coach and mice into a smooth two coachman and

(ootman. Her godmother tapped 0inderellaLs dress with her wand" and it became a beauti(ul ball

gown.

'hen he gave her a pair o( pretty glass slippers. $ow" 0inderella" she said" you have to go

be(ore midnight. 'hen he drove away a wonder(ul coach. 0inderella had a marvelous time either.

he danced again and again with the )ing Ls son. uddenly the cloc) began to stri)e twelve" she

ran toward the door as (ast as he could do. In her hurry" one o( her glass slipper behind. & (ew days

later" the child )ing declared that he would marry the girl whose (eet (itted the glass slipper.

tepsisters try on shoes" but it was too small (or them" no matter how hard they s1uee=ed their toes

into it. In the end" the )ingLs page lets 0inderella try the shoes. He stretched his legs and slipped

the shoes on the page. It (itted per(ectly. <inally" he was ushered into a magni(icent palace and

height. !oung )ings were glad to see him again. 'hey marry and live happily ever a(ter. End o(

story 0inderela no longer with his mother and brothers sisters.

EX#OSITION

HortatoryDefinition

1. 6ortator% exosition is a t%e o2 so'en or 3ritten text tat is intended to exlain te listeners or

readers tat sometin# so!ld or so!ld not aen or be done.

". 6ortator% exosition text $an be 2o!nd in s$ienti2i$ boo's5 jo!rnals5 ma#a=ines5 ne3saer arti$les5

a$ademi$ see$ or le$t!res5 resear$ reort et$.

&. 6ortator% exositions are o!lar amon# s$ien$e5 a$ademi$ $omm!nit% and ed!$ated eole.

. To stren#ten te exlanation5 te sea'er or 3riter needs some ar#!ments as te 2!ndamental

reasons o2 te #iven idea. 9n oter 3ords5 tis 'ind o2 text $an be $alled as ar#!mentation.

Purpose:

To ers!ade te readers tat sometin# so!ld or so!ld not be te $ase or be done.

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Generic Structure:

1. Thesis : Statement or anno!n$ement o2 iss!e $on$ern

". Arguments : 8easons 2or $on$ern tat 3ill lead to re$ommendation

&. Recommendation : Statement o2 3at so!ld or so!ld not aen or be done based on te

#iven ar#!ments

Language features:

1. >sin# Simle resent Tense

". >sin# modals

&. >sin# a$tion verbs

. >sin# tin'in# verbs

@. >sin# adverbs

. >sin# adje$tive

B. >sin# te$ni$al terms

C. >sin# #eneral and abstra$t no!n

D. >sin# $onne$tives/transition

Ten 3at is te basi$ di22eren$e bet3een anal%ti$al and ortator% exosition?

9n simle 3ord. Anal%ti$al is te ans3er o2 6o3 is/3illF 3ile ortator% is te ans3er o2 6o3 so!ldF.

Anal%ti$al exosition 3ill be best to des$ribe 6o3 3ill st!dent do 2or is examination? Te oint is te

imortant tin# to do. <!t 2or te G!estionF 6o3 so!ld st!dent do 2or is exam?F 3ill be #ood to be

ans3ered 3it ortator%. 9t is to $onvin$e tat te tin# so!ld be done.

The examples of Hortatory Exposition:

Internet for students

No3ada%s5 in modern era5 9 tin' internet is ver% imortant 2or st!dents.

As 3e all 'no3 internet as man% 2!n$tion 2or s!ortin# o!r li2e. Te% are5 2irst5 it #ives !s vario!s

in2ormation5 ne3s5 'no3led#e et$. St!dents $an sear$ an%tin# or sometin# 2rom internet. Ta'e 2or

examle5 te% sear$ abo!t ed!$ation5 entertainment5 'no3led#e et$ tat is in te 3orld.

Se$ond5 te% $an add teir 2riends in all $o!ntries in te 3orld b% internet. attin#5 e-mail5 2a$eboo'5

t3itter5 interals are some examles o2 internet 2a$ilit% to ave man% 2riends. <esides5 te% $an sare5

$omm!ni$ate5 dis$!ss and so on.

7rom m% ar#!ments above5 as st!dent5 3e so!ld !se internet 2a$ilit% 3ell to #et 'no3led#e5 2riends5

in2ormation et$.

ANAH4T9AH

ocial (unction: 'o persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case" to analy=e or

to explain.

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eneric tructure:

6. 'hesis ,usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the writer%s

position./

3. &rguments ,consists o( a point and elaboration se1uence. 'he number o( points may vary" but

each must be supported by discussion and evidence/.J. Reiteration ,restates the position more (orce(ully in the light o( the arguments presented/.

?enis te)s ini di awali dengan

• 'HEI" yaitu pendapat )alian tentang suatu masalah. 5iasanya di awali dengan )alimat

personall* thin+, n m* opinion, believe" etc. etelah )alian menulis)an thesis atau pendapat"

• )alian harus menulis)an &RQME$'" yaitu argumen-argumen atau alasan-alasan yang disertai

dengan (a)ta dan bu)ti-bu)ti yang relevan sehingga pendengar atau pembaca terpengaruh dengan

argumen yang )alian )emu)a)an. 5iasanya dimulai dengan 'irstl*, est, Third, The last " etc.• Qntu) menga)hiri te)s" )alian harus menulis)an REI'ER&'IO$" yaitu simpulan dari thesis dan

arguments yang telah )alian bicara)an sebelumnya. Nalian bisa mengung)ap)annya melalui

)alimat n m* conclusion, To conclude, 'rom the facts above, we can conclude that " etc.

anguage (eatures:

Emotive words such as : alarmed" worried.

+ords that 1uali(y statements such as: usual probably

+ords that lin) arguments such as: (irstly" however" on the other hand" there(ore.

Qsually present tense 0ompound and complex sentences

Example

5e(ore we are going to smo)e" it is better to loo) at the (act. &bout 24 thousands people die every

year in 5ritain as direct result o( smo)ing. 'his is seven times as many as die in road accidents.

$early a 1uarter o( smo)ers die because o( diseases caused by smo)ing.

$inety percent o( lung cancers are caused by smo)ing. I( we smo)e (ive cigarettes a day" we are

six times more li)ely to die o( lung cancer than a non smo)er. I( we smo)e twenty cigarettes a day"the ris) is nineteen greater. $inety (ive percent o( people who su((er o( bronchitis are people who

are smo)ing. mo)ers are two and hal( times more li)ely to die o( heart disease than non smo)ers.

&dditionally" children o( smo)er are more li)ely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour

in smo)y room" non smo)er breathes as much as substance causing cancer as i( he had smo)ed

(i(teen cigarettes.

mo)ing is really good (or tobacco companies because they do ma)e much money (rom smo)ing

habit. mo)ing however is not good (or every body else.

Thesis: 'his pre-conclusive paragraph states the writer%s point o( view about the topic discussed.+riter has show himsel( in clear position o( the discussed topic. *aragraph 6 is the thesis o( this

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analytical exposition text. It states the (act o( the very (atal impact o( the smo)ing habit. 0learly

the writer wants to say that smo)ing is not a good habit.

Aru/ents: *resenting arguments in analytical exposition text is as important as giving con(lict

plot in narrative text. 'he series o( argument will strengthen the thesis stated be(ore. In this

example o( analytical exposition text" paragraph 3 and J are the detail arguments presented in areporting (act to support that smo)ing is not good even (or smo)ers themselves. <urthermore"

people who do not smo)e but they are in smo)y area have the bad e((ect too (rom the smo)ing

habit.

Reiteration: 'his end paragraph actually is restating the thesis. It is something li)e conclusive

paragraph (rom the previous arguments. 'he last paragraph o( this example o( analytical

exposition points again that smo)ing is not good (or smo)ers and people around smo)ers.

However smo)ing is very good (or 0igarette 0ompanies

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