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The Legislative Branch
S8CG2 The student will analyze the role of the legislative branch in Georgia state government. a. Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of members of the General Assemblyb. Describe the organizations of the General Assembly, with emphasis on leadership and the committee systemc. Trace the steps in the legislative process for a bill to become a law in Georgia
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The legislative branch makes laws.
All representatives are elected. (Terms vary per office)
Article I, sections 1-9 of the US Constitution spells out the powers and procedures of Congress
To understand how our state legislative branch runs you also need to understand the federal level of the legislative branch
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Federal Government Congress is bicameral or two
houses
Senate
• 2 from each state
• 100 total• 6 year terms• VP is presiding
officer, votes if there is a tie
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House of Representatives
Number is based on the state’s population
Currently 435 representatives
2 year terms “Speaker of the House”
which is voted on by the majority party, is the presiding officer
Congress
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Powers of Congress
Regulating CommerceLevying and collection taxesCreating lawsIssuing MoneyIssuing copyrights and PatentsRegulation of weights and measures (i.e. miles, oz., gallons)Declaring War
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Expressed powers -powers stated in the
constitution Implied powers – are powers needed to
carryout the expressed powers Elastic clause – the clause that
stretches Congress’ powers, Article I, section 8 of our constitution
Bill – proposed legislation Veto – refusal to sign
Key terms
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Capitol dome finished in the 1860’s
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Georgia’s legislature is called the Georgia
General Assembly 1789: became bi-cameral (two house)
House of Representatives: can write appropriations (spending bills), they must start here
Senate: only the Senate can confirm appointments the governor makes to executive offices
Georgia’s Legislative Branch
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Completed in
1889 Contains
marble mined in Georgia
Gold for the dome was also mined in Georgia
The Georgia General Assembly meets here
Georgia’s Capitol dome
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Georgia General Assembly(meets for 40 days)
House• 180 members
of the house• Voted/elected
by the people• 2 year terms• No limit on the
number of terms
Senate• 56 members• Voted/elected by
the people • 2 year terms
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Senate
At least 25 years old
Citizens of the US Citizens of GA for
at least 2 years Legal resident of
their district for 1 year
Qualifications to run for Georgia’s General
Assembly
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House
At least 21 years old
Citizen of US Citizen of GA for
at least 2 years Legal resident of
their district for 1 year
Qualifications to run for Georgia’s General
Assembly
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Starts the second Monday in January and goes
40 days until mid-March (breaks don’t count) Lieutenant Governor: presides over the Senate
and does not have a vote (really part of the Executive Branch)
Speaker of the House: presides over the House (elected) Speaker of the House has a vote only if there is a tie
Legislative Sessions
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Both the Speaker of the House and
Lieutenant Governor appoint members to committees, assign bills to committees, appoint chairpersons of the
committees
Duties of the Presiding Officers
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The Georgia General Assemblyhttp://www.legis.state.ga.us/
Georgia’s Congressional Districts
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Members of both the House and Senate are
organized into Committees to review and proposed new laws
Committees: all bills must be reviewed by Committees before they can be brought to a vote by the General Assembly or Congress
Different types of committees: Standing Interim Conference joint
Committees
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HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. COMMITTEES. SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE U.S.
STEEL CORP., JANUARY 12, 1912
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Ways and Means
Appropriations
Judiciary
Handles taxes
Works on the budget
State laws and court system
Georgia’s legislature Standing Committees (permanent)
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Interim – work on certain issues
between session of the legislature Conference – 3 senators and 3
representative work together, take their two versions and tries to write one bill that they both can agree upon
Joint – members from both houses that work on assigned topic.
Special Committees
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How does a bill become a law?
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Steps:1) Proposal is submitted2) Copies of the bill are given to Gen.
Assembly/ Congress3) Bill is assigned to a committee in the House,
there it is discussed4) Committee can hold, vote out, make
changes, or pass/not pass it5) Bill is sent to the full house (50% + 1 vote to
pass)6) When bill is certified (passed) then sent to
the other chamber, the Senate7) Bill is assigned to a Senate committee
(same as 4)8) If both chambers pass it in the same form, it
is sent to the governor/President9) Governor/President can sign it, take no
action (automatic law), or veto it (General Assembly can over ride veto with 2/3)
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How a bill becomes a law
Draft is created
Senate Committee
holds hearings to review bill
House Committee
holds hearings to review bill
Senate floor votes on bill
House floor votes on bill
Sent to Executive branch (governor or president) to
be signed or vetoed
Idea
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Revenues: sources of income for the
state State funds-(taxes) Federal funds Special fees
Expenditures: plans for spending the funds
Georgia’s budget must be balanced, state constitution requires it
Funding Georgia’s Government
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Original budget: first (fiscal year) Amended budget: changes made to balance
the budget Supplementary budget: when additional funds
are available 90 % revenue comes from taxes
Three types of budget
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What is the function and make up of the
legislative branch at the state and federal level?
What are the qualifications to run for the Georgia General Assembly?
What is the process to create legislation? How is government funded?
Review