S5.2 Combining Ability among 19 Inbred Lines of Quality protein Maize in Vietnam Converted from...

Le Quy Kha, Chau Ngoc Ly and Bui Manh Cuong

NMRI

229 Nguyen Thai Hoc Street, Dan Phuong district, Ha Noi, Vietnam

HA NOI - 2011

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (VAAS)

Combining Ability among 19 Inbred Lines of Quality protein Maize in Vietnam

Converted from Normal Maize Inbred Lines by Conventioal Backcrossing and

Double Haploid Anther Culture Technqiues

National Maize Research Institute of Vietnam (NMRI)

1. Introduction

Vietnam has difficulties to reach over 1.3 million ha of maize, due to strong competition with other crops as cassava, rubber and sugar cane. Therefore, it is highly necessary to meet demand (>7 m tones by 2015) by: 1) enhancing productivity of normal maize and 2) developing QPM. The second way has been cooperated with CIMMYT (1999 – 2005), released

HQ2000. However, the hybrid still had a high rate of ear rot (10-15%) and rather low

yield (5-6 tones ha-1), compared to normal hybrid LVN10 (6-7 tones ha-1). Since 1999-2007, NMRI imported hundreds QPM lines from CIMMYT. But percentage of usable lines was only 1-2 %. Therefore, since 2004 – now, conversion of adapted normal inbred lines into

QPM by both conventional method and double haploid anther culture has been investigated with a view to developing new QPM hybrids for production

2. Materials and methods 2.1. Materials

a. Table 1. List of 19 QPM lines

No Inbred lines Origin Pedigree Developed by

Group I: QPM lines imported from CIMMYT before 2002

1 CDVA16 CIMMYT Mexico CML165 x CL-02839 - B-12-1 Imported from CIMMYT. 2001

2 CML161/422 CIMMYT Mexico CML161/CML422 Imported from CIMMYT. 2001

3

CML161 (CML161 –

Chk1 CIMMYT Mexico G25Qc18MH520 Imported from CIMMYT. 1998

4 HL5(CML165 –Chk 2) CIMMYT Mexico Pob66c1HC144 Imported from CIMMYT. 1998

Group II: New QPM lines developed by conventional backcrossing

5 Q10 NMRI (LCH9 x 24F) Backcross

6 Q11 NMRI (LCH9 x CML161)/24F Backcross

7 Q18 NMRI (CML165 x 24F) Backcross

8 Q21 NMRI (LCH9 x CML161) Backcross

Group III. New QPM lines developed by double haploid anther culture

9 KQ7 NMRI (CML161 x Normal lines) x AC24 - Responsive Double haploid anther culture

10 V57 NMRI (CML161 x Normal lines) x AC24 - Responsive Double haploid anther culture










The methods of conversion of adapted normal inbred lines into QPM by both - conventional backcrossing and - double haploid anther culture were presented in a paper in proceeding of the 10 Asian Maize Workshop, Indonesia

2. Materials and methods (Continued)

b. Evaluation of topcrosses and diallel crosses

Check: HQ2000 (Previous QPM hybrid)

C919 (Normal – Monsanto)

c. Hybrids involved in yield stability analysis

Depends on national maize hybrid testing network

d. Hybrid for quality protein analysis

HQ2000,

LVN154 (New QPM hybrid),

C919 (Normal - Monsanto).

2. Materials and methods (Continued)

2.2. Contents - Determined opaque-2 gene in the new QPM nurseries

- Evaluated agronomical traits and combining ability of the

new QPM nurseries

- Evaluated agronomical traits and heterosis of topcrosses and

diallel crosses

- Evaluated potential and factual yield of new QPM hybrids

2.3. Locations and time for research 2.3.1. Location: breeding at NMRI, testing in different sites in the North,

and over the country for commercial production.

2.3.2. Time: 2007 – 2010

2.4. Methods

2.4.1. Determined opaque –2 gene, genetic diversity of QPM lines applying SSR

markers by guidelines of AMBIONET

2.4.2. Determined opaque –2 applying light table technique (Vasal -2002),

evaluation of lines and their topcrosses/diallel crosses (Field Guide for

International Progeny Testing (IPTT) and Elite Variety (EVT) Trials

(CIMMYT, 1986),

2.4.4. Analysed of GCA and SCA by NMRI software (Nguyen Dinh Hien, 1996)

2.4.5. Calculated heterosis by Omarov formular (1975)

2.4.6. New hybrid testing with accordance to proceedure of 10 TCN - 341 - 2006

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of VN (MARD)

2.4.7. Yield stability analysis by model of Ebehart & Russell (1966).

2.4.8. Quality protein analysis applying protocol of CIMMYT

2.5. Data collection and analysis - Plant heigh, ear height uniformity (CV%) .

- Variance of yield, LSD0.05, CV% of yield trials by IRISTAT

5.0.

-Hmp, Hs calculated based on yield of topcrosses compared to

that of parents and checks.

- GCA and SCA of yield and yeld stability analysis by NMRI

software (Nguyen Dinh Hien, 1996).

Results and Discussion

.

Phi057 Phi112

g1

g2 g1 g2

3.1. Results of determining opaque-2 gene by SSR markers

Phi057 is correlated to

reccessive o2, which line does

not appear the band with g1 is

normal one.

Phi112 is correlated to

dominant O2, which line

appears the band with g2

is normal one

Fig. 1. Result of determining opaque-2 by light table

Normal line Clear kernel texture

Fig. 2. Genetic distance of 19 new QPM lines based on 20 SSR markers (Spring 2008)

II

III

I

Coefficient

0.19 0.39 0.60 0.80 1.00

QL10MW

QL1

QL10

QL12

QL4

QL9

QL6

QL14

QL18

QL7

QL8

QL17

QL20

QL2

QL3

QL15

QL13

QL16

QL5

QL11

QL19

CML165

V68

V57

V79

V72

V63

V64

C131

CML161

CDVA16

V66

CML161/422

KQ7

TCH1

Q10

Q11

Q21

Q18

V181

V152

V152 is differrent from the

rest at coefficient of 0.81;

At 0.62, the rest lines are

divided in to 3 groups (I, II,

III).

After 1 season of line evaluation, 2 lines (V79 and V181) were discarded due to not good agro traits and yield and the rest 17 lines were continued for study.

3.2. Results of line evaluation

Table 2. Growth duration of 17 lines across autumn winter

and spring seasons 2007-2009 at Dan Phuong, Ha Noi

No Lines

Autumn - winter Spring

Planting to … (days) Planting to … (days) Pollen

Shg Silking Maturity Pollen Shg Silking Maturity

1 CDVA16 53 54 104 69 73 117

2 CML161/422 54 56 105 73 77 121

3 CML161 (chk1) 57 59 109 75 79 124

4 CML165 (chk2) 58 61 108 73 76 121

6 Q10 54 56 105 71 74 119

7 Q11 54 55 105 71 75 119

8 Q18 52 53 103 69 72 117

9 Q21 53 54 104 68 71 116

5 KQ7 59 61 110 72 75 121

10 V57 54 55 105 68 70 116

11 V59 55 57 106 70 73 119

12 V63 55 57 107 69 72 117

13 V64 55 57 106 68 72 118

14 V66 55 57 106 69 72 118

15 V68 57 59 108 71 73 119

16 V72 58 59 108 75 78 123

17 V152 57 60 109 73 76 121

Table 3. Infection rate of stem borer, BLSB, ear rots, root lodging in spring

and autumn winter 2007, 2008 and 2008, 2009 at Dan Phuong – Ha Noi

No Lines Stem borer (%) BLSB (1-5) Ear rot (%) Root ldg(%)

Spring Au winter Spring Au winter Spring Au winter Spring Au winter

1 CDVA16 27.4 16.4 2.0 2.0 23.9 11.9 30.2 19.8

2 CML161/422 21.2 15.6 2.5 1.5 26.7 35.8 20.6 11.1

3 CML161 (Chk1) 22.7 12.5 2.0 2.0 15.9 17.1 9.2 7.8

4 CML165 (Chk2) 28.2 14.4 3.0 2.0 37.0 45.8 27.6 19.8

5 Q10 16.7 13.9 2.0 1.0 13.2 12.9 10.8 9.5

6 Q11 15.1 9.6 2.0 2.0 9.0 8.3 8.3 2.5

7 Q18 14.3 5.0 2.0 1.0 5.9 4.5 7.1 0.0

8 Q21 12.1 7.6 2.0 1.0 9.5 11.7 21.0 10.6

9 KQ7 11.4 7.3 1.0 1.0 5.8 7.1 3.9 3.2

10 V57 16.4 6.0 2.0 1.0 11.1 6.9 6.5 1.0

11 V59 14.3 13.1 2.0 1.0 10.9 9.1 14.0 5.8

12 V63 13.9 11.4 2.5 1.5 8.4 10.8 9.1 3.0

13 V64 7.5 5.5 2.0 1.0 5.9 5.3 2.8 2.5

14 V66 21.8 7.3 2.5 1.5 8.2 9.1 7.8 6.2

15 V68 19.8 13.7 2.0 2.0 11.9 12.0 14.4 6.3

16 V72 15.8 8.0 2.0 1.5 9.8 5.3 17.4 14.9

17 V152 6.5 3.8 2.0 2.0 3.9 4.5 5.8 1.8

Mean over 3 reps 2 season with N = 120

Table 4 Yield of 17 QPM lines across 4 seasons at Dan Phuong, Ha Noi

NN Lines

Quintals/ha Mean 4

seasons

(Qtl/ha)

Autumn

2007

Spring

2008

Autumn

2008

Spring

2009

1 CDVA16 24.0 25.7 25.5 25.9 25.3

2 CML161/422 32.4 31.2 32.9 31.0 31.9

3 CMl161(chk1) 39.0 39.5 40.8 39.6 39.7

4 CMl165(chk2) 19.2 23.3 22.9 24.2 22.4

5 KQ7 51.1 42.2 49.6 42.8 46.4

6 Q10 28.0 29.5 27.6 30.3 28.8

7 Q11 34.0 35.4 34.9 34.2 34.6

8 Q18 44.1 42.0 43.9 42.7 43.2

9 Q21 38.1 35.3 35.8 34.7 36.0

10 V57 33.1 29.5 33.6 29.6 31.4

11 V59 24.0 27.1 25.7 27.5 26.1

12 V63 27.0 28.9 27.9 29.6 28.4

13 V64 44.0 43.5 44.4 43.9 44.0

14 V66 32.0 31.4 31.9 30.2 31.4

15 V68 31.1 30.6 30.5 30.3 30.6

16 V72 31.1 30.7 31.8 31.0 31.2

17 V152 41.1 40.1 41.6 40.9 40.9

LSD0.05 8.24 3.06 4.53 3.60 2.64

H 0.88 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.95

Table 5. QPM lines selected by SI across 4 seasons at Dan Phuong,

Ha Noi

Criteria Lines

Target Coeffi Value

CML161 V64 KQ7 V152 Q18 V66 161/422 V72

SI 13.41 14.20 16.15 16.16 16.56 17.71 18.3 18.42

Plant height (cm) 160.8 153.2 182.0 161.3 162.9 157.2 157.9 154.9 2.5 5.0 186.8

Ear height (cm) 73.1 66.2 89.2 74.5 72.8 69.6 70.1 69.3 2.5 5.0 89.8

Stay green (1-5) 2.00 2.04 2.63 2.96 3.79 3.13 2.75 2.21 -2.5 6.0 1.5

Ear length (cm) 14.2 13.5 13.8 16.3 15.0 13.5 13.4 15.4 2.5 6.0 16.5

Ear diameter (cm) 4.20 4.13 3.98 3.96 3.93 4.12 4.12 3.87 2.5 5.0 4.3

Kernel rows 13.8 15.9 13.7 12.3 13.5 14.5 14.7 12.8 2.5 5.0 15.9

Kernel/row 23.8 25.0 24.7 28.9 25.3 24.3 22.6 24.7 2.5 6.0 28.1

W of 1000 kernel (g) 289.6 269.0 261.9 302.2 251.7 246.4 267.7 255.5 2.5 5.0 324.2

Yield (Qtl/ha) 39.7 43.9 46.4 40.9 43.2 31.4 31.7 31.1 2.5 9.0 51.2

Shelling ( %) 77.1 75.3 71.6 73.3 75.9 76.1 74.4 74.2 2.5 7.0 79.8

Value calculated based on mean of 4 seasons from 2007 - 2009

Fig. 3. 8 QPM lines selected: - Long stay green -Long and big ear; -Uniform

Table 6. GCA of 14 lines with 2 testers (V152, KQ7)

No

Line Tester

Name gi Name gj

1 CML161/422 -8.368 KQ7 -6.601

2 CDVA16 5.167 V152 6.601

3 CML161 6.635

4 CML165 2.88 Edi = 0.984

5 Q11 4.622 Ed(di-dj) = 1.391

6 Q18 6.34 LSD0.05 line = 0.948

7 Q21 -1.752 Ecj = 0.372

8 V57 -1.948 Ed(ck - cl) = 0.526

9 V59 5.985 LSD0.05 testers = 0.263

10 V63 -6.748

11 V64 4.235

12 V66 -5.312

13 V68 -6.455

14 V72 -5.28

Table 7. SCA and GCA of 8 lines in a diallel with model of Griffing 4,

Spring 2009

Male

SCA (Sij)

gi σ2si

Female

Q18 KQ7 V64 Q11 V57

CML1

61 V66 V152

Q18 0 -21.538 12.243 -18.013 8.052 10.972 11.766 -3.482 5.679 211.014

KQ7 0 2.953 12.704 -1.828 2.318 2.076 3.315 6.079 108.345

V64 0 -10.838 -1.417 -8.78 -7.036 12.876 -1.48 93.753

Q11 0 9.571 -4.486 14.168 -3.107 -4.846 152.916

V57 0 -0.401 -1.163 -12.815 -13.201 53.264

CML16

1 0 -11.324 11.701 -3.491 80.056

V66 0 -8.488 -9.278 97.78

V152 0 20.537 93.963

Remarks

Based on the shown and not shown data:

New QPM lines developed in Viet Nam compared to previous

generations:

-Healthy seedlings, better plant aspects, medium plant and ear

height and medium maturity, bigger tassels,

- Better tolerance to BLSB, stem borer and lower ear rot

percentage,

-Low % of root lodging

- Higher number of yield components, average yield can reach > 3

tones per ha.

- V152, KQ7, Q18, V64 with many good characteristics for

breeding hybrids.

Table 9. Yield and yield components of selected topcrosses in Autumn

2008, Dan Phuong, Ha Noi

No Crosses

Ear length Ear

diameter

Kernel

rows

Kernel/

row Shelling

(%)

Weigh

1000

kernel

(g)

Yield

(Qtl/ha) cm CV% cm CV% Row CV%

Kern

els CV%

1 CDVA16 x KQ7 13.8 9.5 4.4 5.4 12.8 7.8 27.4 11.1 77.5 346.5 76.5

Mean 14.8 9.5 4.3 4.5 13.8 6.9 30.3 9.1 75.9 349.5 60.0

15 V64 x V152 18.0 5.8 5.0 6.5 15.3 9.4 37.6 7.7 78.5 393.5 95.1

16 Q18 x V152 17.8 9.5 4.3 6.3 13.4 7.0 36.5 13.6 76.3 386.7 90.7

17 CML161 x V152 16.5 9.5 4.5 5.5 12.7 8.7 33.2 8.6 74.4 356.7 89.6

18 Q11 x V152 15.3 6.4 4.1 4.4 13.2 7.5 34.4 8.8 77.3 373.5 88.0

19 V59 x V152 15.5 8.6 4.1 5.1 14.0 7.5 33.9 11.3 76.5 336.5 77.1

Mean 15.5 8.7 4.4 5.7 13.6 7.6 32.2 10.3 76.0 344.2 73.2

29 HQ2000 (chk1) 15.5 10.3 4.4 6.2 14.5 10.2 29.1 12.2 73.9 346.7 67.5

30 C919 (chk2) 16.7 7.2 4.6 6.0 14.9 13.1 30.9 9.9 77.4 356.7 71.9

CV% 3.5

LSD0.5 3.9

In summary

Yield of crosses from 41.6 – 97,6 qtl/ha (Spring) and 39.9 –

90.1 qtl/ha (Autumn winter).

4 Crosses with female V152:

V152 x V64,

V152 x KQ7,

V152 x CML161

V152 x Q18,

in both spring and autumn winter got yields of 86.7 – 97.6

qtls/ha, significantly higher than check 1 C919 (63.2 – 80.3 qlts/ha),

check2 HQ2000 (60.9 – 62.8 qtl/ha) at probability of 95%.

Table 12. Yield and mid parent (Hmp), standard heterosis (Hs) of

crosses in spring and autumn winter 2009, Dan Phuong, Ha Noi

No Crosses

Yield

(Qtls/ha) Hmp (%)

Hs (%)

Cross/HQ2000 Cross/C919

Spring Au-

winter Spring

Au-

winter Spring

Au-

winter Spring

Au-

winter

1 V152 x V64 97.6 90.1 128.2 114.0 60.3 43.5 54.5 12.2

2 V152 x KQ7 95.6 87.1 108.6 109.9 57.0 38.7 51.4 8.4

3 V152 x CML161 94.4 88.3 132.5 120.7 55.1 40.7 49.5 10.0

4 V152 x Q18 88.4 86.7 107.3 109.3 45.2 38.1 40.0 7.9

5 V64 x Q18 82.1 82.0 86.2 90.6 25.9 30.5 30.0 2.0

7 CML161 x Q18 78.8 78.2 88.0 91.0 29.5 24.5 24.8 -2.6

8 V152 x Q11 78.3 80.1 106.5 112.7 28.5 27.5 23.9 -0.3

29 HQ2000 (Chk1) 60.9 62.8

30 C919 (Chk2) 63,2 80,3

CV% 3,3 3,3

LSD0,05 3,57 3,46

Table 13. Agronomical traits and yield of promising

hybrids in Dan Phuong Ha Noi

No Criteria Season

Hybrids HQ 2000

(chk 1)

C919

(chk 2) V152 x

CML161 V152 x Q18 V152 x V64 V152 x KQ7

1 Maturity

(Days)

Spring 127 - 128 120 - 121 126 - 127 122 - 123 121 - 122 124 - 126

Au-winter 110 - 112 109 - 110 108 - 109 110 - 112 107 - 109 108 - 109

2 Plant height*

(cm)

Spring 201 ± 10 194 ± 8 187 ± 6 212 ± 10 189 ± 6 183 ± 9

Au-winter 208 ± 9 202 ± 9 195 ± 10 215 ± 11 204 ± 9 192 ± 10

3 Ear height *

(cm)

Spring 105 ± 0.5 114 ± 8 108 ± 4 129 ± 6 107 ± 5 107 ± 5

Au-winter 118 ± 6 127 ± 7 112 ± 8 122 ± 9 108 ± 4 109 ± 6

4 Ear aspect

(1-5)

Spring 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 – 3.0 3 - 3.5 3 - 3.5

Au-winter 3 - 3.5 2.0 1.5 - 2.0 2.5 – 3.0 3.5 2.0

5 Stem borer

(%)

Spring 15.5 11.8 21.3 24.1 33.6 22.6

Au-winter 20.2 9.5 9.2 14.4 31.4 24.4

6 BLSB (1-

5)

Spring 1.5 - 2 1.5 - 2.0 1.5 - 2.0 1.5 - 2 2.5 - 3 2 - 2.5

Au-winter 1 - 2.5 1 - 1.5 1 - 1.5 1.5 - 2.0 2.5 2.5 - 3

7 Root lodging

(%)

Spring 11.5 13.9 4.9 21.7 25.2 16.6

Au-winter 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

8 Stay green

(1-5)

Spring 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0

Au-winter 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5

9 Ear rot

(%)

Spring 12.6 7.7 7.4 7.0 20.8 9.2

Au-winter 6.9 7.8 3.8 3.4 20.8 22.8

Table 14. Agronomical traits and yield of promising hybrids in Dan Phuong Ha Noi

(Continued)

No Criteria Season

Hybrids HQ 2000

(chk 1)

C919

(chk 2) V152 x

CML161 V152 x Q18 V152 x V64 V152 x KQ7

10 Ear/plant

(%)

Spring 107,7 100.0 100.0 103.7 100.0 101.9

Au-winter 100.2 100.0 103.9 101.8 103.7 101.7

11 Shelling

(%)

Spring 78.4 78.1 78.6 77.1 77.2 78.8

Au-winter 77.3 78.1 77.9 76.9 76.8 77.9

12

1000

Kernel

weight (g)

Spring 379.8 374.1 374.4 369.1 309.1 363.8

Au-winter 388.5 368.9 368.4 369.1 313.2 350.4

13 Ear length *

(cm)

Spring 19 ± 2 18 ± 1.5 18 ± 1 18 ± 1.5 16 ± 1 16 ± 1

Au-winter 19 ± 1 17 ± 1.5 18 ± 1.5 18 ± 2 17 ± 1 16 ± 1

14 Ear diameter

* (cm)

Spring 4.8 ± 0.3 4.7 ± 0.2 5 ± 0.2 4.5 ± 0.3 4.5 ± 0.2 4.5 ± 0.2

Au-winter 4.9 ± 0.3 4.8 ± 0.2 5 ± 0.2 4.7 ± 0.2 4.6 ± 0.2 4.6 ± 0.3

15 Kernel rows Spring 12 - 14 12 - 14 14 - 18 14 - 16 12 - 16 12 - 16

Au-winter 12 - 16 12 - 16 14 - 18 14 - 16 12 - 16 12 - 16

16 Kernel/row* Spring 37 ± 3 37 ± 4 36 ± 2 38 ± 4 33 ± 3 35 ± 3

Au-winter 37 ± 3 35 ± 4 35 ± 4 36 ± 3 35 ± 3 35 ± 4

17 Yield

(Qtl/ha)

Spring 94.4 88.4 97.6 95.6 60.9 63.2

Au-winter 88.3 86.7 90.1 87.1 62.8 80.3

* V152 is different with V64 0.81 and got highest yield among tested

hybrids

V152 x V64:

- Lower rate of ear rot, BLSB, root lodging

- Preferrable ear aspect

- Highest yield mong testcrosses

- Namely hybrid LVN154 for larger scale testing

Fig. 4. Some promising hybrids

Fresh cobs of LVN154: - Long and big; - Uniform

Table 15. Yield of LVN154 across testing sites by authors

Season Year Provinces

Yield of other hybrids (Qtl/ha) LVN154

LVN99 C919 NK66 LVN10 mean Qtl/ha %

Check

Spring

2009 Thai Nguyen 72.66 72.66 89.56 123.26

2010 Phu Tho 53.70 53.70 57.40 106.89

2010 Hoa Binh 78.90 106.70 92.40 92.67 112.40 121.29

Autumn

winter

2009 Phu Tho 46.50 46.50 51.40 110.54

2010 Hoa Binh 79.50 86.70 83.10 88.60 106.62

Table 16. Yield of LVN154 across VCU testing sites by national network

No Province

Winter 2009 Winter 2010 Spring 2010

LVN154 C919 CV% LSD

0,05 LVN154 C919

CV

% LSD 0,05 LVN154 C919

CV

%

LSD

0,05

1 Hanoi 66.0 56.5 7.7 7.8 49.0 50.5 5.3 4.38 72.5 68.1 3.1 3.5

2 Cao Bang 61.2 63.8 4.1 5.78 46.4 66.2 6.3 6.17 68.2 56.8 4.6 4.88

3 Thanh Hoa 52.0 53.5 4.3 4.02 51.7 52.3 5.5 4.62 80.3 75.1 4.4 5.48

4 Nghe An 51.0 59.8 7.4 7.71 63.5 53.3 6.1 5.74 82.9 74.6 5.4 7.18

5 Phu Tho 63.8 58.7 6.6 6.15 59.0 54.0 4.3 3.75 65.2 58.8 4.6 4.74

6 Hai Duong 51.9 52.5 4.2 2.82 64.0 63.0 4.8 4.87 76.7 71.4 4.2 4.76

7 Thai Binh 63.0 60.0 4.7 4.71

8 Mean 57.5 57.4 7.7 7.8 56.7 57.0 74.3 67.4 3.1 3.5

Over check 2/6 3/7 6/6

*Source: National Center for Testing new Maize Hybrids and Fertilizer Product winter 2009, spring and winter 2010

Tbale 17. Results of quality protein analysis, winter 2010

N

o Hybrids

Starch

(% DM)

Protein

(% DM)

Lysine

(%

protein)

Tryptophan

(%protein)

1 LVN154

(New QPM hybrid) 68.25 11.86 4.09 0.90

2 C919 (Normal) 60.40 7.95 2.59 0.43

3 HQ2000

(Previous QPM ) 61.65 10.12 4.12 0.83

*Source: Lab for Agri-product Analysis in Northern Mountainous Agro-

Forestry Institute (NOMAFI)

Value is on average of 3 reps.

Compared to

HQ2000, LVN154

has higher content

of starch, similar

content of protein,

lysine and

tryptophan/proten;

Compared to

C919, starch and

protein content is

higher than 7.85

and 3.9%

respectively , and

lysine/protein and

tryptophan/protein

is double.

Table 18. Yield stability of LVN154 over 6 locations in North Vietnam, Spring 2010

Hybrids Mean yield

(Qtl/ha)

Regression coefficient Regression deviation

b-1 Ttn P S2D Ttn P

LVN154 74.31 0.201 1.194 0.851 2.256 2.076 0.912

AG-69 72.27 -0.209 0.629 0.717 14.812 8.063 1*

S6226 71.41 -0.006 0.013 0.506 28.059 14.381 1*

SSC7830 68.40 -0.858 2.254 0.957 * 20.07 10.571 1*

LVN4 68.26 0.34 1.06 0.825 13.646 7.507 1*

C919 67.47 0.362 1.6 0.908 5.733 3.734 0.993

LVN169 66.78 -0.084 0.238 0.592 17.049 9.13 1*

SB09-9 66.38 0.598 1.048 0.822 47.681 23.738 1*

AK5443 65.60 -0.124 0.314 0.618 21.903 11.445 1*

HB558 65.43 -0.219 0.392 0.644 45.795 22.838 1

Fig. 5. Yield stability across 6 locations in North Vietnam, Spring

2010

Linear LVN154 = 1.200x + 74.31 S2D = 2.256

Linear LVN4= 1.339x + 68.25 S2D = 13.646

Linear C919 = 1.362x + 67.47 S2D =5.733

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

-10 -5 0 5

Yie

ld (

qu

inta

ls h

a -

1)

Environmental index, Spring 2010

LVN154 AG-69 S6226 SSC7830 LVN4

C919 LVN169 SB09-9 AK5443 HB558

Linear (LVN154) Linear (LVN4) Linear (C919)

Phu Thu Cao Bang Hai Duong Ha Noi Nghe An Thai Binh

Yield of LVN154

is higher than

other hybrids in

6 locations

Tbale 19 . Yield stability of LVN154 over 5 locations in North Vietnam, Winter 2010

Hybrids Mean yield

(Qtl/ha)

Regression coefficient Regression deviation

b-1 Ttn P S2D Ttn P

LVN154 60.26 0.073 0.272 0.602 3.429 2.643 0.947

SSC7830 58.79 0.668 1.694 0.906 9.982 5.784 0.999 *

C919 56.54 -0.065 0.22 0.584 4.712 3.258 0.975 *

LVN4 56.49 -0.11 0.61 0.707 0.448 1.215 0.691

BH.101 54.16 -0.167 0.191 0.573 57.358 28.488 1.000 *

B265 53.45 -0.723 1.167 0.836 27.670 14.260 1.000 *

TC202 51.79 0.496 0.962 0.796 18.552 9.891 1.000 *

LNS242 51.64 -0.366 1.058 0.815 7.183 4.442 0.994 *

BC81163 51.55 -0.113 0.22 0.583 18.259 9.750 1.000 *

NK7328 49.11 0.307 0.501 0.675 27.058 13.967 1.000 *

Fig. 6. Yield stability of LVN154 across 5 locations in North Vietnam,

winter 2010

Linear LVN154 = 1,0138x + 60,26 S²D =3,429

Linear LVN4 = 0,8871x + 56,489 S²D = 0,448

Linear C919 = 0,9439x + 56,543 S²D = 4,712

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

-10.0 -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 .0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

Yie

ld (

Qu

inata

l h

a -

1)

Enviromental index winter 2010

LVN154 BH.101 BC.81163 B265NK7328 SSC7830 LVN4 C919LNS242 TC202 Linear (LVN154) Linear (LVN4)Linear (C919)

Thanh Hoa Nghe An Phu Tho Cao Bang hai Duong

Result of widening acreage of LVN154

New QPM hybrid was released for production in April

2011 and transferred PR to a private seed company in

Vietnam (Dai Thanh Ltd),

with a new name GS8 (LVN154).

Total acreage up to August 2011 was about 3,000

hectares .

Fig. 7. Ceremony of transferring LVN154 PR to

Dai Thanh Seed Ltd

Table 20. Area of GS8 across regions of Vietnam (To August. 2011)

No

Ecological

regions Provinces 2010 (ha) 2011 (ha) Total (ha)

Winter SSilkinging Summer

1 Central

highland

1 Dak Lak 3 50 300 353

2 Dak Nong 10 100 110

3 Lam Dong 25 25

2 South

eastern

4 Ninh Thuan 20 20

5 Dong Nai 20 20

3 North

centeral

6 Nghe An 5 25 50 80

7 Thanh Hoa 3 30 100 133

4 Red river

delta

8 Thai Binh 4 15 80 99

9 Ha Nam 10 25 60 95

10 Hung Yen 100 110 210

11 Bac Ninh 10 25 35

12 Ha Noi 15 50 65

13 Ha Tay 10 15 90 115

14 Vinh Phuc 10 8 100 118

5

Northern

mountainou

s

15 Hoa Binh 15 40 60 115

16 Son La 100 100

17 Ha Giang 10 50 60

18 Yen Bai 5 10 100 115

19 Lao Cai 10 20 30

20 Lai Chau 20 20

21 Tuyen Quang 14 6 20

22 Phu Tho 14 25 200 239

23 Thai Nguyen 15 30 80 125

24 Bac Giang 4 5 70 79

25 Lang Son 4 108 120 232

26 Cao Bang 105 100 205

27 Bac Kan 82 100 182

Total 116 834 2050 3000

Yen Binh – Yen Bai Da Bac – Hoa Binh Doan Hung – Phu Tho

Xuan Loc – Dong Nai Mai Son – Son La Dac Lac

Fig. 8. GS8 (LVN154) in several locations

Conclusions and suggestion

Conclusions

1. Applying SSR makers and light table technique

determined 13 new QPM lines developed in Vietnam

having opaque-2 gene.

2. New QPM lines showed better than that of old generation

lines:

- Better toleant to root lodging, ear rot and BLSB

- Diversified genetic distant among new QPM lines

- High GCA and SCA on yield: CML161, Q18, V59,

Q11, V64, V152;

- 4 QPM lines with better tolerance to stresses, high

GCA and SCA include V152, KQ7, Q18, V64; theses QPM

lines can be involved in new commercial hybrid creation.

3.

6 topcrosses with higher yield than checks:

V64 x V152,

Q18 x V152,

CML161 x V152,

Q11 x V152,

V59 x V152 and

CDVA16 x KQ7.

- 4 diallel crosses including

-V152 x Q18;

- V152 x V64;

-V152 x CML161;

-V152 x KQ7,

- Specifically V152 x V64 was selected and namely as LVN154.

4. Result fo VCU testing LVN154 showed that this hybrid

with high yield, better tolerance to stresses, lower rate of eat

rot, root lodging, stem borer, high quality protein.

Suggestions:

-Government support for a specific QPM project at

ministerial level in Vietnam

- Continue to provide CIMMYT QPM materials to Vietnam.

Thanks very much for your attention!

normal one

Following slides are methods of conversion of adapted normal inbred lines into QPM by both - conventional backcrossing and - double haploid anther culture were presented in a paper in proceeding of the 10 Asian Maize Workshop, Indonesia

2.2.1. Conversion of normal into QPM lines: a) DH by anther culture (Bui Manh Cuong, 2006) from 8 normal lines including C2, C4, C153, C154, C164, C172, T2, T5, 4 normal hybrids: SC1614, SC18161, SC 7114, C919 and HQ2000 (QPM hybrid) crossed with DH responsive AC24, then crossed with CML161 (CIMMYT line with o2o2). Immature anthers (Figure 1) from these crosses were cultured based embryo initiation YP media,; plant regeneration media: N6 + 2ppm Kinetin; complete plant regeneration media: MS + 2ppm αNAA; glass house plant media 1/10MS + rice straw ash.

Season 1 (Year 1): Normal x AC24 (Callus/embryo initiation responsive)

Season 2 (Year 1): F1 x QPM (CML161)

Season 3 (Year 2): Anther culture and plant regeneration

Season 4 (Year 2): Field evaluation

Figure 1. DH QPM conversion by anther culture

b) Conventional conversion of normal into QPM lines (Hans Gevers, 2002; Vasal, 2002)

From normal TCH1 (parent of LCH9 single cross) and DF7 (parent of LVN4 single cross) crossed with QPM lines from CIMMYT (CML161 and CML165). Season 1. Materials QPM x Normal Locus ( o2o2) (NN)

Season 2. Materials F1 x Normal Locus (N o2) (NN)

Season 3. Materials BC1

Locus (50% NN and 50% N o2) Season 4: Selfing BC1

Figure 2. Conventional conversion of normal into QPM lines

When harvest, after observing segregation of opaque-2 on the ear, discarded about 50% of normal ears, selected 50% of seeds with modified QPM under florescence lamp, sowed well modified seeds into S1 generation, then continued backcrossing until stable o2o2 kernels obtained and analysed protein, amino acid contents of the converted QPM lines. Through 5 backcrossing generations (Figure 2) combined with QPM selection under florescence lamp, 7 QPM lines were developed.

S5.2 Combining Ability among 19 Inbred Lines of Quality protein Maize in Vietnam Converted from...

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