S0 · S0. Section 30 Comparative ... power parities (see table 1348) instead of. ... lic Islands...

Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean

S1 Arctic Ocean

United States

Canada

Greenland

Brazil

S2

S3

Algeria Libya

SudanMali

Madagascar

SaudiArabia

Iran

S4

S5

Russia

Mongolia

China Japan

Arctic Ocean

India

Kazakstan

Australia

New Zealand

Philippines

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

S6

Kiribati

Samoa

American Samoa

Cook IslandsFrench Polynesia

Tonga

Inset

See Inset

818

Com

para

tive

Inte

rnat

iona

l Sta

tistic

s

S0

Section 30

ComparativeInternational Statistics

This section presents statistics for theworld as a whole and for many countrieson a comparative basis with the UnitedStates. Data are shown for population,births and deaths, social and industrial in-dicators, finances, agriculture, communica-tion, and military affairs.

Statistics of the individual nations may befound primarily in official national publica-tions, generally in the form of yearbooks,issued by most of the nations at variousintervals in their own national languagesand expressed in their own or customaryunits of measure. (For a listing of selectedpublications, see Guide to Sources.) Forhandier reference, especially for interna-tional comparisons, the Statistical Office ofthe United Nations compiles data as sub-mitted by member countries and issues anumber of international summary publica-tions, generally in English and French.Among these are the Statistical Yearbook;the Demographic Yearbook; the Yearbookof International Trade Statistics; the Year-book of National Accounts Statistics: Vol.II, International Tables; Population and VitalStatistics Reports (quarterly); the MonthlyBulletin of Statistics; and the Energy Statis-tics Yearbook. Specialized agencies of theUnited Nations also issue internationalsummary publications on agricultural, labor,health, and education statistics. Amongthese are the Production Yearbook andTrade Yearbook issued by the Food andAgriculture Organization, the Yearbook ofLabour Statistics issued by the Internation-al Labour Office, World Health Statisticsissued by World Health Organization, andthe Statistical Yearbook issued by the Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

The Bureau of the Census presents esti-mates and projections of basic demo-graphic measures for countries and re-gions of the world in the World PopulationProfile series. The International PopulationReports (series P95) and InternationalBriefs (series IB) also present populationfigures for many foreign countries. De-tailed population statistics are also avail-able from the Bureau of the Census’ International Data Base.

In BriefTen most populous countries in 1997:

(million persons)China 1,222India 968United States 268Indonesia 210Brazil 165Russia 148Pakistan 132Japan 126Bangladesh 125Nigeria 107

The U.S. Arms Control and DisarmamentAgency and the International MonetaryFund (IMF) also compile data on interna-tional statistics. In its annual World MilitaryExpenditures and Arms Transfers, theArms Control and Disarmament Agencypresents data on various economic indica-tors, as well as basic military data. Amongthe topics presented have been militaryexpenditures, gross national product, im-ports and exports, and armed forces. TheIMF publishes a series of reports relatingto financial data. These include Internation-al Financial Statistics, Direction of Trade,and Balance of Payments Yearbook, pub-lished in English, French, and Spanish.

Statistical coverage, country names,and classifications— Problems of spaceand availability of data limit the number ofcountries and the extent of statistical cov-erage shown. The list of countries includedand the spelling of country names arebased almost entirely on the list of sover-eign nations, dependencies, and areas ofspecial sovereignty provided by the U.S.Department of State.

In recent years, several important changestook place in the status of the world’s na-tions. In 1990, a unified Germany wasformed from the Federal Republic of Ger-many (West) and the German DemocraticRepublic (East). The Republic of Yemenwas formed by union of the Yemen ArabRepublic and the People’s Democratic Re-public of Yemen. Also in 1990, Namibia,

820 Comparative International Statistics

once a United Nations mandate, realizedits independence from South Africa.

In 1991, the Soviet Union broke up into 15 independent countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania,Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

In 1992, the Socialist Federal Republic ofYugoslavia dissolved; none of the succes-sor states has been recognized as its con-tinuation. The United States recognizesBosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slove-nia, and The Former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia as independent countries. Ser-bia and Montenegro have asserted theformation of a joint independent state, butthis entity has not been formally recog-nized as a state by the United States.

On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia wassucceeded by two independent countries:the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Eritreaannounced its independence from Ethiopiain April 1993, and was subsequently re-cognized as an independent nation by theUnited States.

The population estimates and projectionsused in tables 1334-1336 were preparedby the Census Bureau. For each country,the data on population, by age and sex,fertility, mortality, and international migrationwere evaluated and, where necessary, ad-justed for inconsistencies and errors in thedata. In most instances, comprehensiveprojections were made by the componentmethod, resulting in distributions of thepopulation by age and sex, and requiringan assessment of probable future trends offertility, mortality, and international migra-tion.

Economic associations— The Organiza-tion for European Economic Cooperation(OEEC), a regional grouping of WesternEuropean countries established in 1948 forthe purpose of harmonizing national eco-nomic policies and conditions, wassucceeded on September 30, 1961, by theOrganization for Economic Cooperationand Development (OECD). The membernations of the OECD are Australia, Austria,Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Den-mark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lux-embourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, NewZealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, SouthKorea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey, the United Kingdom, and theUnited States.

Quality and comparability of the data—The quality and comparability of the datapresented here are affected by a numberof factors:

(1) The year for which data are pre-sented may not be the same for all sub-jects for a particular country, or for a givensubject for different countries, though thedata shown are the most recent available.All such variations have been noted. Thedata shown are for calendar years exceptas otherwise specified.

(2) The bases, methods of estimating,methods of data collection, extent of coverage, precision of definition, scope ofterritory, and margins of error may vary for different items within a particular country,and for like items for different countries. Footnotes and headnotes to the tablesgive a few of the major time-period andcoverage qualifications attached to the fig-ures; considerably more detail is presentedin the source publications. Many of themeasures shown are, at best, merelyrough indicators of magnitude.

(3) Figures shown in this section for the United States may not alwaysagree with figures shown in the precedingsections. Disagreements may be attribut-able to the use of differing original sources,a difference in the definition of geographiclimits (the 50 States, conterminous UnitedStates only, or the United States includingcertain outlying areas and possessions), or to possible adjustments made in theUnited States figures by the United Nations or other sources in order to make them more comparable with figures from other countries.

International comparisons of nationalaccounts data— In order to compare na-tional accounts data for different countries,it is necessary to convert each country’sdata into a common unit of currency, usu-ally the U.S. dollar. The market exchangerates which are often used in convertingnational currencies do not necessarily re-flect the relative purchasing power in thevarious countries. It is necessary that thegoods and services produced in differentcountries be valued consistently if the dif-ferences observed are meant to reflect realdifferences in the volumes of goods andservices produced. The use of purchasingpower parities (see table 1348) instead of

821Comparative International Statistics

exchange rates is intended to achieve thisobjective.

The method used to present the datashown in table 1348 is to construct volumemeasures directly by revaluing the goodsand services sold in different countries at acommon set of international prices. By di-viding the ratio of the gross domestic pro-ducts of two countries expressed in theirown national currencies by the corre-sponding ratio calculated at constant inter-national prices, it is possible to derive theimplied purchasing power parity (PPP) between the two currencies concerned.PPP’s show how many units of currencyare needed in one country to buy thesame amount of goods and services whichone unit of currency will buy in the othercountry. For further information, see Na-tional Accounts, Main Aggregates, volumeI, issued annually by the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development,Paris, France.

International Standard Industrial Classi-fication— The original version of the Inter-national Standard Industrial Classificationof All Economic Activities (ISIC) wasadopted in 1948. Wide use has beenmade both nationally and internationally inclassifying data according to kind of eco-nomic activity in the fields of production,employment, national income, and othereconomic statistics. A number of countrieshave utilized the ISIC as the basis for de-vising their industrial classification scheme.

Substantial comparability has been at-tained between the industrial classificationsof many other countries, including the Uni-ted States, and the ISIC by ensuring, asfar as practicable, that the categories atdetailed levels of classification in nationalschemes fitted into only one category ofthe ISIC. For more detail, see Bureau ofthe Census, The International StandardIndustrial Classification and the U.S. Stan-dard Industrial Classification, Technical Paper No. 14 and text, section 27. TheUnited Nations, the International LabourOrganisation, the Food and Agriculture Or-ganization, and other international bodieshave utilized the ISIC in publishing andanalyzing statistical data. Revisions of theISIC were issued in 1958, 1968, and 1989.

International maps— A series of regionalworld maps is provided on pages 818 and822-827. References are included in table1334 for easy location of individual coun-tries on the maps. The Robinson mapprojection is used for this series of maps. Amap projection is used to portray all or partof the round Earth on a flat surface, butthis cannot be done without some distor-tion. For the Robinson projection, distortionis very low along the Equator and within45 degrees of the center but is greatestnear the poles. For additional informationon map projections and maps, please con-tact the Earth Science Information Center,U.S. Geological Survey, 507 National Cen-ter, Reston, VA 22092.

822

Com

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Inte

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s

Greenland

Iceland

Senegal

Mauritania

WesternSahara

CapeVerde

Atlantic Ocean

St. Pierre and Miquelon

Bermuda

United States

Canada

Mexico

See Inset

Arctic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

United States

United States

Mexico

Inset

Belize

Honduras

Nicaragua

El Salvador

Cuba

CaymanIslands

Jamaica

The Bahamas

Turks and Caicos Islands

Puerto Rico

Colombia

Venezuela

Aruba

Curacao

Bonaire Tobago

Grenada

St. Vincent

Montserrat

Barbados

St. Lucia

Martinique

Dominica

Guadeloupe

Antigua & Barbuda

St. Kitts & Nevis

Anguilla

Br. Virgin IslandsDominicanRepublic

U.S. Virgin Islands

Haiti

S1

823World Maps

Argentina

Bolivia

Paraguay

Chile

Uruguay

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Peru

Brazil

Ecuador

Colombia

VenezuelaGuyana

Suriname

French Guiana

Aruba

Trinidad & Tobago

CuracaoGrenada

Barbados

Bonaire Isla de Margarita

GalapagosIslands

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

Panama

S2

824 Comparative International Statistics

S3

Germany

Andorra

Portugal

Spain

Gibraltar

ItalyMonaco

Isle of Man

Ireland

United Kingdom

Faroe Islands

Netherlands

Jersey

Guernsey

Denmark

Norway

Albania

Malta

Greece

Vatican City

Sweden

Poland

Finland

Moldova

Bulgaria

Romania

Estonia

Lithuania

Latvia

Belarus

The FormerYugoslav Republic

of Macedonia

Ukraine

Russia

SanMarino

See Inset

Inset

France

Belgium

Netherlands

Luxembourg

Germany

Switzerland

Italy

Austria

Czech Republic

Slovenia

Croatia

Slovakia

Hungary

SerbiaBosnia andHerzegovina

Poland

Ukraine

Romania

Arctic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

Russia

Montenegro

Liechtenstein

825Comparative International Statistics

Mauritania

Western Sahara

MoroccoSpain

Algeria

Tunisia

Libya Egypt

Mali

Niger

Nigeria

Chad

Cameroon

CentralAfrican Republic

Malta

GreeceCyprus

LebanonWest Bank

Gaza Strip

Israel

Syria

Jordan

IraqIran

Afghanistan

PakistanKuwaitBahrain

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

United ArabEmirates

Oman

Yemen

Sudan

Ethiopia

Djibouti

Eritrea

SomaliaUganda

Rwanda

Burundi

Kenya

Tanzania

Comoros

Seychelles

Mauritius

Reunion

Madagascar

Mozambique

GabonCongo

Angola

Sao Tome & Principe

Equatorial Guinea

St. Helena Zambia

Zimbabwe

BotswanaNamibia

South AfricaLesotho

Swaziland

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Senegal

Mauritania

Mali

The Gambia

Guinea-BissauGuinea

SierraLeone

Liberia

Cote d' Ivoire Ghana

Benin

Togo

Nigeria

Niger

Malawi

Mayotte

See Inset

Inset

of the CongoDemocratic Republic

Burkina Faso

S4

826

Com

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Inte

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s

Pacific Ocean

Japan

North Korea

South Korea

Indonesia

Philippines

TaiwanHong Kong

Macau

Maylaysia

Brunei

Vietnam

Cambodia

Thailand

LaosIndia

Bangladesh

Burma

BhutanNepal

Sri Lanka

Maldives

Indian Ocean

China

Mongolia

Russia

Arctic Ocean

Pakistan

Afghanistan

Iran

Tajikistan

KyrgyzstanUzbekistan

Kazakstan

Turkmenistan

Iraq

Syria

Jordan

Saudi Arabia

Turkey

Azerbaijan

GeorgiaArmenia

Caspian Sea

Yemen

Ethiopia

Eritrea

Djibouti

Somalia

Red S

ea

United ArabEmirates

Oman

Kuwait

QatarEgypt

Sudan

Libya

Chad

Kenya

Burundi

Rwanda

UgandaCentral AfricanRepublic

Congo

Black Sea

Ukraine

Belarus

Latvia

Estonia

CyprusGreece

Mediterranean Sea

Romania

Finland

Norway

Gulf of Bothnia

Gulf of Finland

Lithuania

Sweden

Russia

PolandMoldova

SlovakiaHungaryCroatiaSerbia

Bosnia andHerzegovina

Montenegro

AlbaniaThe Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia

Bulgaria

TanzaniaS5

827World Maps

BangladeshIndia

BhutanNepal

Burma

China

Taiwan

HongKongMacau

Australia

New Zealand

New Caledonia

Papua New Guinea

Solomon Islands

Vanuatu

Fiji

Wallis & Futuna

Tuvalu

Marshall Islands

Nauru

Kiribati

Federated States of Micronesia

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

Thailand Vietnam

Cambodia

Malaysia

Singapore

Philippines

Indonesia

Indian Ocean

Guam

Pacific Ocean

see inset

inset

Brunei

Mariana Islands

Trust Ter. of thePac. Isl. (Palau)

S6

No. 1331. Total World Population: 1980 to 2050[As of midyear]

YEARPopula-tion(mil.)

AVERAGEANNUAL 1

Growthrate(per-cent)

Popula-tion

change(mil.)

1980 . . . . 4,458 1.71 76.71985 . . . . 4,855 1.69 82.51990 . . . . 5,282 1.58 83.91995 . . . . 5,691 1.41 80.5


AVERAGEANNUAL 1


Popula-tion

change(mil.)

1996 . . . . 5,771 1.38 80.22000 . . . . 6,090 1.28 78.62010 . . . . 6,858 1.09 75.52020 . . . . 7,593 0.92 70.2


AVERAGEANNUAL 1


Popula-tion

change(mil.)

2030 . . . . 8,265 0.77 63.72040 . . . . 8,865 0.61 54.62050 . . . . 9,356 (NA) (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Represents change from year shown to immediate succeeding year.Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050’’, published 25 March 1997;

<http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html>.

No. 1332. World Summary: 1980 to 1995[See text, section 30, for general comments concerning quality of the data]

ITEM Unit 1980 1985 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Agriculture, forestry, fishing: 1Coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 4.8 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.7Cotton (lint) . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 13.8 17.3 17.1 18.5 20.6 18.1 16.7 18.7 19.8Tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 5.3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.3 8.4 6.5 6.4Roundwood . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. cubic meters 2,932 3,189 3,472 3,506 3,397 3,405 3,415 3,440 (NA)Fish catches. . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 72.0 86.3 100.1 97.4 97.4 98.8 101.4 (NA) (NA)

Industrial production:Wine 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 35.3 29.5 28.8 28.6 25.8 29.2 26.2 25.0 24.2Sugar 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 84.4 98.5 106.1 111.3 112.6 117.2 111.1 110.8 118.9Wheat flour 1 . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 237.2 267.6 295.9 293.1 308.6 315.1 306.9 300.5 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, World Agriculture-Trends andIndicators. See also table 1374.

Source: Except as noted, Statistical Division of the United Nations, New York, NY, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, (copyright).

No. 1333. Religious Population of the World: 1996[In thousands, except percent . Refers to adherents of all religions as defined and enumerated for each of the world’s

countries in World Encyclopedia (1982), projected to mid-1996, adjusted for recent data]

RELIGION TotalPercentdistri-bution

Africa Asia LatinAmerica

NorthernAmerica Europe 1 Oceania

Total population. . . 5,804,120 100.0 748,130 3,513,218 490,444 295,677 727,678 28,973Christians . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955,229 33.7 360,874 303,127 455,819 255,542 555,614 24,253Roman Catholics . . . . 981,465 16.9 125,376 94,250 408,968 75,398 269,021 8,452Protestants . . . . . . . . 404,020 7.0 114,726 45,326 34,816 121,361 79,534 8,257Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . 218,350 3.8 25,215 13,970 460 6,390 171,665 650Anglicans . . . . . . . . . 69,136 1.2 27,200 650 1,089 6,300 28,357 5,540Other Christians . . . . . 282,258 4.9 68,357 148,931 10,486 46,093 7,037 1,354

Muslims . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126,325 19.4 308,660 778,362 1,356 5,530 32,032 385Nonreligious 2 . . . . . . . . 886,929 15.3 3,567 752,759 16,053 21,315 90,390 2,845Hindus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793,076 13.7 1,986 786,991 760 1,365 1,650 323Buddhists . . . . . . . . . . . 325,275 5.6 38 321,985 569 920 1,563 200Atheists . . . . . . . . . . . . 222,195 3.8 440 175,450 3,010 1,850 40,845 600Chinese folk-religionists 3. 220,971 3.8 13 220,653 68 100 120 17New-religionists 4 . . . . . . 106,016 1.8 21 103,361 919 900 803 11Ethnic religionists . . . . . . 102,945 1.8 70,250 30,350 1,042 45 1,150 108Sikhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,508 0.3 37 18,465 9 496 494 7Jews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,866 0.2 165 4,257 1,084 5,836 2,432 92Spiritists . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,293 0.2 5 1,120 8,834 315 18 1Baha’is . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,404 0.1 1,923 3,230 722 357 95 77Confucians . . . . . . . . . . 5,086 0.1 1 5,050 3 27 5 1Jains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,920 0.1 59 4,835 5 5 16 1Shintoists . . . . . . . . . . . 2,898 - - 2,893 1 2 1 1Other religionists . . . . . . 1,952 - 90 100 190 1,072 450 50Parsees . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 - 2 185 1 1 1 1Mandeans. . . . . . . . . . . 45 - - 45 - - - -

- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Includes Russia. 2 Persons professing no religion, nonbelievers, agnostics, freethinkers,and dereligionized secularists indifferent to all religion. 3 Followers of traditional Chinese religion. 4 Followers of Asiatic20th-century New Religions, New Religious movements, radical new crisis religions, and non-Christian syncretistic mass religions.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, IL, Britannica Book of the Year. Reprinted with permission from BritannicaBook of the Year, 1997 C 1997 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.

Comparative International Statistics828

No. 1334. Population, by Country: 1980 to 2000[Population data generally are de facto figures for the present territory. Population estimates were derived from information avail-able as of early 1997. See text, section 31, for general comments concerning the data. For details of methodology, coverage, andreliability, see source. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRY OR AREAMaprefer-ence

MIDYEAR POPULATION(1,000) Popu-

lationrank,1997

Annualrate ofgrowth, 11990-2000

(percent)

Popula-tion persq. mile,1997

Area(sq. mile)

1980 1990 1997 2000,proj.

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 4,457,653 5,281,551 5,851,569 6,089,800 (X) 1.4 116 50,627,993Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 14,985 14,767 23,738 26,668 41 5.9 95 250,000Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 2,699 3,273 3,293 3,427 128 0.5 311 10,579Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 18,862 25,352 29,830 31,788 34 2.3 32 919,591Andorra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 34 53 75 80 200 4.2 430 174Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,794 8,430 10,624 11,513 68 3.1 22 481,351Antigua and Barbuda . . . . . . . . S1 69 64 66 68 203 0.7 390 170Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 28,237 32,634 35,798 37,218 31 1.3 34 1,056,637Armenia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,115 3,366 3,466 3,481 125 0.3 301 11,506Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 14,616 17,033 18,439 18,950 51 1.1 6 2,941,285Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 7,549 7,718 8,054 8,124 86 0.5 252 31,942Azerbaijan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 6,173 7,200 7,736 7,902 88 0.9 231 33,436Bahamas, The . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 210 241 262 269 177 1.1 67 3,888Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 348 502 603 642 162 2.5 2,524 239Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 88,077 110,118 125,340 132,081 9 1.8 2,424 51,703Barbados. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 252 254 258 260 178 0.2 1,552 166Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,644 10,215 10,440 10,545 70 0.3 130 80,154Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,847 9,962 10,204 10,286 72 0.3 874 11,672Belize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 144 190 225 242 181 2.4 26 8,803Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,444 4,676 5,902 6,517 97 3.3 138 42,710Bhutan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,281 1,585 1,865 1,996 144 2.3 103 18,147Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 5,439 6,620 7,670 8,139 89 2.1 18 418,683Bosnia and Herzegovina. . . . . . S3 4,092 4,360 2,608 2,618 132 -5.1 132 19,741Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 903 1,304 1,501 1,557 146 1.8 7 226,012Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 122,830 150,062 164,511 169,545 5 1.2 50 3,265,061Brunei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 185 254 308 331 174 2.6 151 2,035Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 8,844 8,966 8,653 8,769 84 -0.2 203 42,683Burkina Faso . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,939 9,033 10,891 11,684 67 2.6 103 105,714Burma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 33,766 41,078 46,822 49,388 25 1.8 184 253,954Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,138 5,633 6,053 6,493 95 1.4 611 9,903Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 6,499 8,731 11,164 12,098 65 3.3 164 68,154Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,761 11,905 14,678 15,966 58 2.9 81 181,251Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 24,070 26,620 29,123 29,989 36 1.2 8 3,560,219Cape Verde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 296 349 394 411 172 1.6 253 1,556Central African Republic . . . . . . S4 2,244 2,806 3,342 3,539 127 2.3 14 240,533Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,507 5,889 7,166 7,760 92 2.8 15 486,178Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 11,094 13,121 14,508 14,996 59 1.3 50 289,112China 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 984,736 1,133,710 1,221,592 1,253,438 1 1.0 339 3,600,930Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 26,580 32,983 37,418 39,172 30 1.7 93 401,042Comoros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 334 460 590 656 163 3.5 704 838Congo (Brazzaville) 3 . . . . . . . . S4 1,620 2,204 2,583 2,750 134 2.2 20 131,853Congo (Kinshasa) 3 . . . . . . . . . S4 27,954 37,831 47,440 51,374 24 3.1 54 875,521Costa Rica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 2,307 3,022 3,534 3,744 124 2.1 181 19,560Cote d’Ivoire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,276 11,896 14,986 16,031 57 3.0 122 122,780Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,593 4,754 5,027 5,044 108 0.6 230 21,829Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 9,653 10,545 10,999 11,131 66 0.5 257 42,803Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 627 681 753 777 157 1.3 211 3,568Czech Republic. . . . . . . . . . . . S3 10,289 10,310 10,319 10,358 71 - 213 48,440Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 5,123 5,141 5,269 5,320 104 0.3 322 16,359Djibouti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 279 370 434 454 167 2.0 51 8,486Dominica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 75 81 83 84 197 0.4 287 290Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . S1 5,697 7,213 8,228 8,635 85 1.8 440 18,680Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 8,315 10,116 11,691 12,360 62 2.0 109 106,888Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 42,441 56,106 64,792 68,437 16 2.0 169 384,344El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 4,527 5,041 5,662 5,931 99 1.6 708 8,000Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . . . S4 256 369 443 478 166 2.6 41 10,830Eritrea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 2,555 2,896 3,590 4,461 121 4.3 77 46,842Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 1,482 1,573 1,445 1,422 148 -1.0 83 17,413Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 36,413 48,242 58,733 63,514 19 2.8 136 432,310Fiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 635 738 792 823 156 1.1 112 7,054Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,780 4,986 5,109 5,115 107 0.3 43 117,942France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 53,870 56,735 58,470 59,079 21 0.4 278 210,668Gabon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 808 1,078 1,190 1,244 151 1.4 12 99,486Gambia, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 676 964 1,248 1,381 150 3.6 323 3,861Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 5,048 5,457 5,175 5,132 105 -0.6 192 26,911Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 78,298 79,357 84,068 85,684 12 0.8 622 135,236Ghana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 10,880 15,190 18,101 19,272 53 2.4 204 88,811Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,643 10,123 10,583 10,735 69 0.6 210 50,502Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 90 94 96 98 195 0.4 730 131Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 7,232 9,633 11,558 12,408 63 2.5 276 41,865Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 4,320 5,936 7,405 7,611 90 2.5 78 94,927Guinea-Bissau . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 789 998 1,179 1,263 152 2.4 109 10,811Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 759 747 706 693 158 -0.7 9 76,004Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 5,056 6,031 6,611 6,901 93 1.3 621 10,641Honduras. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 3,625 4,741 5,751 6,192 98 2.7 133 43,201Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 10,711 10,352 9,936 9,795 76 -0.6 279 35,653Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 228 255 273 280 176 0.9 7 38,707India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 692,394 855,591 967,613 1,012,909 2 1.7 843 1,147,950Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 154,936 187,728 209,774 219,267 4 1.6 297 705,189Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 39,274 56,946 67,540 71,879 15 2.3 107 631,660

See footnotes at end of table.

Population 829

No. 1334. Population, by Country: 1980 to 2000—Continued[See headnote, page 829]



lationrank,1997


(percent)


Area(sq. mile)

1980 1990 1997 2000,proj.

Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 13,233 18,425 22,219 24,731 44 2.9 133 167,556Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 3,401 3,508 3,556 3,493 123 - 134 26,598Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,737 4,512 5,535 5,852 102 2.6 705 7,849Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 56,451 57,661 57,534 57,807 22 - 507 113,521Jamaica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 2,229 2,466 2,616 2,669 131 0.8 626 4,181Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 116,807 123,537 125,717 126,582 8 0.2 825 152,411Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 2,168 3,277 4,325 4,704 116 3.6 122 35,344Kazakstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 14,994 16,708 16,899 16,943 54 0.1 16 1,049,150Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 16,685 23,896 28,803 30,490 37 2.4 131 219,788Kiribati. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 58 72 82 87 198 1.9 298 277Korea, North. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 17,999 21,412 24,317 25,491 39 1.7 523 46,490Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 38,124 42,869 45,949 47,351 26 1.0 1,212 37,911Kuwait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,370 2,128 2,077 2,420 141 1.3 302 6,880Kyrgyzstan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,623 4,390 4,540 4,664 111 0.6 59 76,641Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,293 4,191 5,117 5,557 106 2.8 57 89,112Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 2,525 2,672 2,438 2,380 136 -1.2 98 24,903Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,137 3,367 3,859 4,115 118 2.0 977 3,950Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,346 1,735 2,008 2,114 142 2.0 171 11,718Liberia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,900 2,265 2,602 3,090 133 3.1 70 37,189Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,119 4,355 5,648 6,294 101 3.7 8 679,359Liechtenstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 25 29 31 33 214 1.3 506 62Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,436 3,702 3,636 3,629 120 -0.2 144 25,174Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 364 382 422 442 169 1.5 423 998Macedonia, The FormerYugoslav Republic of . . . . . . . S3 1,893 2,031 2,114 2,152 140 0.6 213 9,928Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,678 11,525 14,062 15,295 60 2.8 63 224,533Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,129 9,136 9,609 10,011 78 0.9 265 36,324Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 13,764 17,507 20,376 21,610 48 2.1 161 126,853Maldives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 154 218 280 310 175 3.5 2,421 116Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,728 8,234 9,945 10,911 74 2.8 21 471,042Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 364 354 379 391 173 1.0 3,061 124Marshall Islands . . . . . . . . . . . S6 31 46 61 68 207 3.9 868 70Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 1,456 1,935 2,411 2,653 137 3.2 6 397,838Mauritius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 964 1,074 1,154 1,196 153 1.1 1,617 714Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 68,686 85,121 97,563 102,912 11 1.9 131 742,486Micronesia, Federated States of. S6 77 109 128 133 190 2.0 471 271Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,996 4,398 4,475 4,543 113 0.3 344 13,012Monaco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 27 30 32 32 213 0.7 41,300 1Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,662 2,216 2,538 2,655 135 1.8 4 604,247Montenegro 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 579 616 638 647 161 0.5 120 5,333Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 20,457 26,164 30,391 32,229 33 2.1 176 172,317Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 12,103 14,056 18,165 19,614 52 3.3 60 302,737Namibia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 975 1,409 1,727 1,886 145 2.9 5 317,873Nauru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 8 9 10 11 224 1.3 1,281 8Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 15,001 19,104 22,641 24,364 42 2.4 429 52,819Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 14,144 14,952 15,653 15,893 56 0.6 1,195 13,104New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 3,113 3,299 3,587 3,698 122 1.1 35 103,734Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 2,776 3,591 4,386 4,729 115 2.8 94 46,430Niger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,629 7,644 9,389 10,260 80 2.9 19 489,073Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 65,699 86,488 107,129 117,328 10 3.0 305 351,649Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,086 4,242 4,404 4,461 114 0.5 37 118,865Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 1,164 1,751 2,265 2,512 138 3.6 28 82,031Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 85,219 113,914 132,185 141,145 7 2.1 440 300,664Palau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 13 15 17 18 218 1.7 97 177Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 1,956 2,388 2,693 2,821 130 1.7 92 29,340Papua New Guinea . . . . . . . . . S6 2,991 3,823 4,496 4,812 112 2.3 26 174,405Paraguay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 3,379 4,651 5,652 6,104 100 2.7 37 153,398Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 17,295 21,841 24,950 26,198 38 1.8 50 494,208Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 51,092 65,037 76,104 80,961 13 2.2 661 115,124Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 35,578 38,109 38,700 39,010 29 0.2 329 117,571Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,778 9,871 9,868 9,906 77 - 279 35,382Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 231 481 665 736 160 4.3 157 4,247Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 22,109 22,775 21,399 20,996 46 -0.8 241 88,934Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 139,045 148,081 147,987 147,938 6 - 22 6,592,817Rwanda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,170 7,145 7,738 8,900 87 2.2 803 9,633Saint Kitts and Nevis . . . . . . . . S1 44 40 42 43 211 0.8 301 139Saint Lucia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 122 146 160 165 187 1.2 677 236Saint Vincent and theGrenadines . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 98 113 119 121 191 0.7 910 131San Marino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 21 23 25 25 216 0.9 1,067 23Sao Tome and Principe . . . . . . S4 94 123 148 159 189 2.6 399 371Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 9,949 15,871 20,088 22,246 49 3.4 24 829,996Senegal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,640 7,408 9,404 10,390 79 3.4 127 74,131Serbia 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 9,262 9,705 10,017 10,140 73 0.4 294 34,116Seychelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 66 73 78 80 199 0.8 444 176Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 3,333 4,283 4,892 5,509 109 2.5 177 27,653Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 2,414 3,039 3,462 3,620 126 1.8 14,369 241Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 4,966 5,263 5,393 5,472 103 0.4 111 48,440Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 1,885 1,969 1,946 1,937 143 -0.2 249 7,819Solomon Islands . . . . . . . . . . . S6 233 336 427 470 168 3.4 40 10,633Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,865 8,334 9,940 10,880 75 2.7 41 242,216



No. 1334. Population, by Country: 1980 to 2000—Continued[See headnote, page 829]



lationrank,1997


(percent)


Area(sq. mile)

1980 1990 1997 2000,proj.

South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 29,252 37,191 42,327 44,018 27 1.7 90 471,444Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 37,488 38,793 39,244 39,545 28 0.2 204 192,819Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 14,900 17,227 18,762 19,377 50 1.2 751 24,996Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 19,064 26,628 32,594 35,530 32 2.9 36 917,375Suriname. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 355 398 443 465 165 1.6 7 62,344Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 607 853 1,032 1,137 154 2.9 155 6,641Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 8,310 8,559 8,946 9,052 83 0.6 56 158,927Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 6,385 6,779 7,249 7,374 91 0.8 472 15,355Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 8,692 12,620 16,138 17,759 55 3.4 227 71,062Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 3,969 5,332 6,014 6,384 96 1.8 109 55,251Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 18,689 24,826 29,461 31,045 35 2.2 86 342,100Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 47,026 55,052 59,451 61,164 18 1.1 301 197,595Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 2,596 3,680 4,736 5,263 110 3.6 226 21,000Tonga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 93 101 107 110 192 0.8 388 277Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . S2 1,091 1,256 1,273 1,273 149 0.1 643 1,981Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6,443 8,048 9,183 9,671 82 1.8 153 59,985Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 45,121 56,123 63,528 66,618 17 1.7 213 297,591Turkmenistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 2,875 3,668 4,225 4,466 117 2.0 22 188,456Tuvalu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 7 9 10 11 225 1.6 1,026 10Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 12,252 17,040 20,605 21,891 47 2.5 267 77,108Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 50,047 51,592 50,685 50,380 23 -0.2 217 233,089United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . S5 1,000 1,952 2,262 2,386 139 2.0 70 32,278United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . S3 56,314 57,418 58,610 58,894 20 0.3 628 93,278United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 227,726 249,907 267,955 274,943 3 1.0 76 3,539,227Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 2,920 3,106 3,262 3,333 129 0.7 49 67,035Uzbekistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 16,000 20,624 23,860 25,245 40 2.0 138 172,741Vanuatu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 117 154 181 193 185 2.2 32 5,699Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 14,768 19,325 22,396 23,596 43 2.0 66 340,560Vietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 54,234 66,314 75,124 78,350 14 1.7 598 125,622Western Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . S0 155 186 220 235 182 2.3 200 1,100Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 7,439 10,489 13,972 15,547 61 3.9 69 203,849Zambia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 5,638 8,019 9,350 9,899 81 2.1 33 285,992Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 7,298 10,121 11,423 11,777 64 1.5 77 149,293Taiwan 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 17,848 20,279 21,656 22,214 45 0.9 1,739 12,456AREAS OF SPECIAL SOVER-EIGNTY AND DEPENDENCIESAmerican Samoa. . . . . . . . . . . S0 32 47 62 69 206 3.8 805 77Anguilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 7 8 11 12 223 3.5 307 35Aruba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 60 67 68 69 202 0.4 913 75Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 55 59 63 64 205 0.8 3,307 19Cayman Islands . . . . . . . . . . . S1 17 27 36 41 212 4.3 360 100Cook Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0 18 18 20 20 217 1.1 213 93Faroe Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 43 47 43 41 210 -1.6 80 541French Guiana . . . . . . . . . . . . S2 68 116 157 173 188 4.0 5 34,421French Polynesia . . . . . . . . . . S0 151 201 233 246 179 2.0 165 1,413Gaza Strip 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 453 635 988 1,163 155 6.0 6,715 147Gibraltar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 29 31 29 29 215 -0.6 12,481 2Greenland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 50 56 59 60 208 0.8 (Z) 131,931Guadeloupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 337 378 413 426 170 1.2 607 680Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 107 134 161 171 186 2.4 769 209Guernsey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 53 61 64 66 204 0.8 851 75Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5 5,063 5,688 6,413 6,685 94 1.6 16,794 382Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 76 84 89 90 196 0.8 1,959 45Macau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 318 456 502 516 164 1.2 81,314 6Man, Isle of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3 64 69 75 76 201 1.0 328 227Martinique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 339 374 404 416 171 1.1 987 409Mayotte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 52 80 105 117 193 3.8 721 145Montserrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 12 13 13 13 222 0.3 332 39Netherlands Antilles . . . . . . . . . S2 173 195 211 217 183 1.1 569 371New Caledonia . . . . . . . . . . . . S6 139 168 191 200 184 1.7 26 7,243Northern Mariana Islands . . . . . S6 17 44 54 57 209 2.6 291 184Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 3,210 3,537 3,818 3,908 119 1.0 1,104 3,459Reunion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 507 600 692 730 159 2.0 717 965Saint Helena . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 6 7 7 7 227 0.3 43 158Saint Pierre and Miquelon. . . . . S1 6 6 7 7 226 0.8 74 93Turks and Caicos Islands . . . . . S1 7 12 15 15 220 2.7 88 166Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 98 101 97 99 194 -0.2 720 135Virgin Islands, British . . . . . . . . S1 11 12 13 14 221 1.3 231 58Wallis and Futuna . . . . . . . . . . S6 11 14 15 15 219 1.1 140 106West Bank 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4 833 1,080 1,496 1,662 147 4.3 687 2,178Western Sahara . . . . . . . . . . . S4 126 191 228 245 180 2.5 2 102,703

- Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable. Z Less than one person per square mile. 1 Computed by theexponential method. For explanation of average annual percent change, see Guide to Tabular Presentation. 2 With theestablishment of diplomatic relations with China on January 1, 1979, the U.S. government recognized the People’s Republic ofChina as the sole legal government of China and acknowledged the Chinese position that there is only one China and that Taiwanis part of China. 3 ‘‘Congo’’ is the official short-form name for both the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of theCongo. To distinguish one from the other the U.S. Dept. of State adds the capital in parentheses. This practice is unofficial andprovisional. 4 The U.S. view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has dissolved and no successor state representsits continuation. Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not beenrecognized by the United States. 5 The Gaza Strip and West Bank are Israeli occupied with interim status subject toIsraeli/Palestinian negotiations. The final status is to be determined.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data from the International Data Base.

Population 831

No. 1335. Age Distribution, by Country: 1997 and 2000[In percent. Covers countries with 10 million or more population in 1997]

COUNTRY OR AREA

1997 2000, proj.

Under15

yearsold

65yearsoldandover

Under15

yearsold

65yearsoldandover

World . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 6.6 29.9 6.8Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0 2.7 42.7 2.8Algeria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 3.8 36.4 3.9Angola. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 2.7 44.8 2.8Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 10.0 27.3 10.2Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 12.3 20.8 12.6Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.1 3.2 36.1 3.3Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 12.8 20.2 13.0Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 16.4 17.7 16.8Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.9 4.8 28.4 5.2Burkina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 3.1 48.0 3.0Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 4.1 35.9 4.2Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 3.1 44.9 3.0Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 3.3 45.7 3.3Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 12.5 19.9 12.9Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 6.9 26.9 7.3China 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 6.4 25.0 6.9Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 4.6 29.8 5.0Congo (Kinshasa) 2 . . . . . . . 48.1 2.6 48.2 2.6Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.9 2.2 46.4 2.2Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 9.4 21.4 9.7Czech Republic. . . . . . . . . . 17.9 13.6 17.5 13.8Ecuador. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 4.5 33.0 4.6Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 3.6 35.2 3.7Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 2.7 46.1 2.7France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 15.6 18.1 16.2Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 15.4 15.8 15.7Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.2 3.1 41.7 3.2Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1 16.4 15.5 17.5Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 3.5 41.2 3.7India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 4.1 32.5 4.4Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3 3.8 30.1 4.3Iran. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.0 4.0 41.7 4.2Iraq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.4 3.0 46.9 2.9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 17.0 14.9 17.8Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 15.4 15.0 16.9Kazakstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 7.1 28.0 7.2

COUNTRY OR AREA

1997 2000, proj.

Under15

yearsold

65yearsoldandover

Under15

yearsold

65yearsoldandover

Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.0 2.6 41.8 2.8Korea, North. . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 4.3 29.4 4.7Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 6.2 21.9 6.9Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 3.3 44.5 3.3Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 3.9 34.3 4.1Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0 4.5 34.7 4.8Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.1 4.4 35.3 4.6Mozambique. . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 2.3 44.7 2.3Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.0 2.9 41.3 3.0Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 13.4 18.2 13.7Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 2.9 44.8 3.0Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 4.0 40.9 4.1Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 4.6 32.4 4.9Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 3.5 37.0 3.6Poland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 11.5 20.1 11.9Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 13.0 18.4 13.9Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 12.2 19.3 12.1Saudi Arabia. . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0 2.4 42.9 2.6Serbia 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 12.6 20.6 13.6South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 4.5 34.1 4.6Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 16.0 15.3 16.9Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 6.2 25.6 6.6Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.6 2.2 44.8 2.3Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 2.9 45.3 2.9Taiwan 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 8.0 21.5 8.6Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 2.9 44.5 3.0Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 5.8 23.5 6.5Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 5.6 29.9 6.0Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 2.3 49.5 2.3Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 14.2 18.8 13.9United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . 19.5 15.7 19.4 15.6United States . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 12.7 21.4 12.6Uzbekistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6 4.7 38.0 4.7Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 4.4 32.8 4.6Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5 5.2 32.7 5.4Yemen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 2.7 47.6 2.7Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.6 2.8 42.0 2.9

1 See footnote 2, table 1334. 2 See footnote 3, table 1334. 3 See footnote 4, table 1334.


No. 1336. Vital Statistics, by Country: 1997 and 2000[Covers countries with 6 million or more population in 1997]

COUNTRY OR AREA

CRUDE BIRTHRATE 1

CRUDE DEATHRATE 2

EXPECTATIONOF LIFE ATBIRTH (years)

INFANTMORTALITYRATE 3

TOTALFERTILITYRATE 4

1997 2000,proj. 1997 2000,

proj. 1997 2000,proj. 1997 2000,

proj. 1997 2000,proj.

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 14.2 8.8 8.8 76.0 76.3 6.6 6.2 2.06 2.07Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 41.6 17.8 16.6 46.3 47.8 146.7 137.5 6.07 5.87Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 26.5 5.8 5.4 68.6 69.6 47.1 42.2 3.48 3.16Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 42.6 17.2 15.9 47.3 48.9 135.7 125.9 6.27 6.05Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 19.9 7.7 7.6 74.4 75.0 19.4 17.8 2.69 2.64Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 13.0 6.9 6.9 79.6 80.4 5.4 5.0 1.83 1.80Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 10.3 10.4 10.3 76.7 77.3 6.1 5.8 1.49 1.52Azerbaijan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 21.1 8.6 8.6 65.0 65.4 73.9 72.3 2.63 2.61Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 27.4 10.9 10.1 56.3 57.5 100.0 93.0 3.45 3.08Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 14.0 13.5 12.9 68.8 69.4 12.6 12.0 1.76 1.92Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 11.2 10.3 10.4 77.2 77.7 6.3 6.1 1.72 1.69Bolivia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 30.0 10.2 9.3 60.3 62.0 65.7 60.2 4.18 3.81Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 19.2 9.4 10.1 61.4 60.9 53.4 47.7 2.29 2.14Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 12.5 13.5 13.6 71.1 71.6 15.4 14.8 1.17 1.74Burkina Faso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 44.9 20.3 21.4 42.3 39.8 116.6 112.8 6.72 6.48Burma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 28.1 11.4 10.7 56.6 58.1 78.5 71.8 3.76 3.57Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3 41.0 15.1 15.3 49.0 48.1 100.5 95.2 6.48 6.25Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.6 41.0 15.4 14.3 50.3 51.5 106.0 100.5 5.81 5.81Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 41.4 13.6 13.9 52.3 51.3 77.6 74.1 5.93 5.73Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 12.3 7.2 7.2 79.3 80.0 6.0 5.5 1.81 1.80Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.9 42.8 17.2 16.3 47.9 48.9 118.7 113.6 5.79 5.64Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 15.9 5.7 5.7 74.7 75.5 13.2 11.9 2.17 2.00China 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 15.0 6.9 6.8 70.0 71.1 37.9 32.6 1.81 1.81Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 19.0 4.6 4.6 73.1 74.2 24.7 21.3 2.31 2.17



No. 1336. Vital Statistics, by Country: 1997 and 2000—Continued[See headnote, page 832]

COUNTRY OR AREA

CRUDE BIRTHRATE 1

CRUDE DEATHRATE 2

EXPECTATIONOF LIFE ATBIRTH (years)

INFANTMORTALITYRATE 3

TOTALFERTILITYRATE 4

1997 2000,proj. 1997 2000,

proj. 1997 2000,proj. 1997 2000,

proj. 1997 2000,proj.

Congo (Kinshasa) 6 . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 46.5 16.6 15.6 47.0 48.1 105.7 98.9 6.58 6.39Cote d’Ivoire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 41.3 17.1 17.6 44.8 43.7 99.7 94.9 6.06 5.80Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 12.7 7.4 7.5 75.2 75.6 8.9 8.6 1.54 1.60Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 13.3 10.9 11.0 73.9 74.2 8.3 8.0 1.38 1.74Dominican Republic. . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 21.1 5.6 5.4 69.4 70.4 46.0 40.8 2.60 2.42Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 23.0 5.4 5.1 71.4 72.5 33.4 29.3 2.82 2.59Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 26.2 8.6 8.1 61.8 62.7 71.0 65.7 3.50 3.24Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.6 44.3 17.6 17.6 46.6 46.0 121.5 117.7 6.94 6.75France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 12.1 9.0 9.0 78.6 79.1 6.0 5.6 1.49 1.73Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 10.5 11.1 10.8 76.1 76.7 5.9 5.7 1.30 1.56Ghana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 30.8 10.9 10.2 56.5 57.5 78.9 74.8 4.43 3.95Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 10.7 9.5 9.5 78.3 79.0 7.2 6.6 1.37 1.52Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 31.2 7.0 6.5 65.6 66.9 49.2 44.6 4.38 4.00Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.0 40.0 18.2 16.9 45.5 47.0 131.5 123.7 5.66 5.46Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 32.3 15.3 14.7 49.5 50.2 102.4 98.4 4.76 4.50Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 10.2 5.3 5.6 82.4 82.8 5.0 4.5 1.33 1.42Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 13.1 15.0 14.8 69.2 69.6 12.2 11.7 1.51 1.78India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 23.5 9.4 8.9 60.2 61.5 69.2 63.5 3.12 2.90Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 22.4 8.3 8.1 62.1 63.4 61.2 55.4 2.66 2.53Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 29.2 6.4 5.8 67.8 69.1 50.8 45.1 4.52 3.90Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 40.8 6.3 5.6 67.4 68.7 57.5 50.1 6.26 5.81Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 11.4 9.9 10.1 78.2 78.6 6.8 6.4 1.27 1.55Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 10.7 7.9 8.4 79.7 80.0 4.4 4.3 1.47 1.50Kazakstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 18.8 9.7 9.8 64.2 64.7 62.3 59.6 2.34 2.29Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 29.5 10.8 12.6 54.4 51.1 55.2 54.9 4.26 3.69Korea, North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 19.9 5.4 5.4 70.6 71.5 25.0 22.2 2.29 2.21Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 15.8 5.7 5.7 73.6 74.7 8.0 7.4 1.78 1.80Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3 41.2 14.1 13.3 52.5 53.6 92.0 87.6 5.83 5.64Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 38.7 25.1 27.1 35.3 33.0 138.9 135.8 5.77 5.33Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 24.1 5.4 5.2 70.0 71.0 23.2 20.9 3.22 3.10Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.9 49.3 19.0 17.5 47.3 48.8 101.0 95.6 7.16 6.91Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 24.3 4.5 4.4 74.0 75.0 23.9 20.7 2.97 2.79Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 25.1 5.6 5.1 70.1 71.8 40.7 32.9 3.47 3.13Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 42.0 18.3 16.8 44.9 46.4 122.9 114.9 6.11 5.76Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 35.6 12.2 11.2 54.2 55.9 76.8 70.1 4.96 4.68Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 11.5 8.7 8.7 77.9 78.2 4.8 4.7 1.49 1.53Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 51.6 24.0 22.2 41.1 42.4 116.0 111.2 7.37 7.17Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.6 41.5 12.5 11.7 54.7 55.6 70.2 63.7 6.17 5.95Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 32.6 11.0 10.2 58.8 59.7 95.1 90.3 5.08 4.56Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 21.8 6.0 5.8 69.6 70.8 50.2 44.4 2.95 2.66Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 27.3 6.6 6.4 66.1 66.8 35.2 33.2 3.62 3.38Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 14.2 10.1 10.2 72.2 72.6 12.3 11.8 1.69 1.93Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 11.9 10.2 10.3 75.5 76.1 7.5 7.1 1.36 1.53Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 14.3 12.4 12.7 69.6 70.0 22.9 21.7 1.25 1.83Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 14.5 15.7 14.8 63.8 65.4 24.3 21.6 1.51 1.95Rwanda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 38.5 21.1 23.5 39.1 36.5 118.8 118.8 5.93 5.73Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 37.2 5.2 4.7 69.5 71.1 43.9 36.3 6.41 6.30Senegal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 43.4 11.4 10.4 56.9 58.3 62.6 58.4 6.24 6.04Serbia 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 14.8 10.3 10.5 72.1 72.5 22.5 21.3 2.00 2.10Somalia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 41.7 13.0 12.0 55.9 57.0 118.7 111.6 6.89 6.53South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 25.3 11.9 14.4 56.3 51.9 53.2 55.4 3.22 3.02Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 12.0 8.9 9.1 78.5 79.1 6.1 5.7 1.26 1.51Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 16.9 5.8 5.9 72.6 73.2 20.3 18.7 2.03 1.95Sudan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 38.8 11.2 10.3 55.5 56.8 74.3 69.2 5.79 5.47Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 10.5 11.3 11.1 78.2 78.5 4.5 4.4 1.61 1.60Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 11.2 9.6 9.5 77.8 78.1 5.4 5.2 1.47 1.59Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 36.1 5.7 5.3 67.4 68.4 38.8 35.2 5.73 5.19Taiwan 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 14.4 5.6 5.7 76.3 77.3 6.9 6.3 1.76 1.75Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 34.5 8.4 8.3 64.6 65.1 110.9 104.1 4.40 4.47Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 39.8 19.8 20.9 41.7 40.0 104.8 101.4 5.58 5.31Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 16.2 7.1 7.2 68.8 69.4 32.1 28.3 1.86 1.80Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 22.5 5.1 5.1 72.9 73.6 33.9 30.1 2.86 2.68Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 20.4 5.4 5.2 72.4 73.8 40.7 33.3 2.52 2.35Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 43.1 21.0 21.8 39.7 38.1 98.4 95.6 6.52 6.24Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 13.2 15.1 14.9 67.1 67.8 22.2 21.2 1.68 1.87United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 12.1 11.2 10.9 76.6 77.1 6.3 6.0 1.81 1.79Uzbekistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 28.9 7.9 7.7 64.8 65.2 79.1 77.5 3.65 3.56Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 21.5 5.0 4.9 72.4 73.3 28.5 25.5 2.78 2.53Vietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 20.0 6.8 6.5 67.4 68.5 37.2 33.7 2.60 2.31Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 43.3 9.2 7.9 60.3 62.6 68.1 57.9 7.18 6.86Zambia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 43.8 24.2 25.8 35.6 33.7 96.5 97.6 6.48 6.28Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 29.3 19.0 21.6 40.8 38.2 72.6 72.2 3.94 3.50

1 Number of births during 1 year per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). 2 Number of deaths during 1 year per1,000 persons (based on midyear population). 3 Number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in acalendar year. 4 Average number of children that would be born if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and, ateach year of age, they experienced the birth rates occurring in the specified year. 5 See footnote 2, table 1334. 6 See footnote3, table 1334. 7 Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not beenrecognized by the United States. Data in this table are for Serbia alone.


Vital Statistics 833

No. 1337. Marriage and Divorce Rates, by Country: 1970 to 1994

COUNTRYMARRIAGE RATE PER 1,000 POPULATION,

15 TO 64 YEARS OLDDIVORCE RATE PER 1,000 MARRIED

WOMEN

1970 1980 1990 1992 1993 1994 1970 1980 1990 1992 1993 1994

United States 1 . . . . . . . . . . 17 16 15 14 14 14 15 23 21 21 21 21

Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 12 10 9 8 8 6 10 11 11 11 11Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8 9 9 9 10 8 11 13 13 13 13France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 10 8 7 7 7 3 6 8 (NA) (NA) (NA)Germany 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 9 9 8 9 8 5 6 8 7 7 (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9 8 8 8 7 1 1 2 2 (NA) (NA)Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 10 8 9 9 (NA) 4 5 5 6 6 (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 10 9 9 8 7 3 8 8 9 9 (NA)Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 7 7 6 6 7 11 12 13 13 (NA)United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . 14 12 10 9 9 (NA) 35 312 13 13 13 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Beginning 1980, includes unlicensed marriages registered in California. 2 Prior to 1991, data are forformer West Germany. 3 England and Wales only.

No. 1338. Births to Unmarried Women, by Country: 1970 to 1994[For U.S. figures, beginning 1980, marital status is inferred from a comparison of the child’s and parents’ surnames on the birthcertificate for those States that do not report on marital status. No estimates are included for misstatements on birth records orfailures to register births]

COUNTRY

1970 1980 1990 1994

Total livebirths(1,000)

Percentborn to

unmarriedwomen


Percentborn to

unmarriedwomen


Percentborn to

unmarriedwomen


Percentborn to

unmarriedwomen

United States . . . . . 3,731 11 3,612 18 4,158 28 3,953 33

Canada 1 . . . . . . . . 372 10 360 13 398 24 385 25Denmark. . . . . . . . . 71 11 57 33 63 46 70 47France . . . . . . . . . . 850 7 800 11 762 30 711 36Germany 2 . . . . . . . 811 6 621 8 906 11 770 15Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 2 640 4 554 6 527 8Japan . . . . . . . . . . 1,932 1 1,616 1 1,222 1 1,238 1Netherlands . . . . . . 239 2 181 4 198 11 196 14Sweden . . . . . . . . . 110 18 97 40 124 47 112 52United Kingdom . . . . 904 8 754 12 799 28 751 32

1 1980 through 1990 excludes Newfoundland. After 1990, a significant number of births are not allocated according to maritalstatus, resulting in an understatement of the proportion of births to unmarried women. 2 Prior to 1990, data are for former WestGermany.

Source of tables 1337 and 1338: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, March 1990 and unpublished data.

No. 1339. Death Rates, by Cause and Country[Age-standardized death rate per 100,000 population . For explanation of age-adjustment, see text, section 2. The standardpopulation for this table is the old European standard; see source for details. Deaths classified to ninth revision of InternationalClassification of Diseases; see text, section 2]

COUNTRY YearIschemicheartdisease

Cerebro-vasculardisease

CANCER OF — Bronchi-tis, 1

emphy-sema,asthma

Chronicliver

diseaseand

cirrhosis

Motorvehicletrafficacci-dents

Suicideand self-inflictedinjury

Lung,trachea,bron-chus

Stomach Femalebreast

United States . . . . . . 1992 164.4 47.3 57.3 5.0 30.5 8.9 10.5 15.2 11.8Australia . . . . . . . . . . 1993 162.1 63.9 37.1 7.0 29.2 11.0 6.3 10.6 11.4Austria . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 148.9 83.6 33.9 15.9 31.0 12.1 24.8 14.5 20.4Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . 1994 231.4 230.3 33.5 19.6 22.0 9.9 20.1 13.3 15.9Canada. . . . . . . . . . . 1993 146.2 48.7 53.8 6.7 31.1 6.9 8.2 11.6 12.8Czech Republic . . . . . 1993 276.6 168.0 53.1 17.4 31.2 19.6 16.5 13.6 18.1Denmark . . . . . . . . . . 1992 190.3 72.0 51.1 7.8 40.6 36.5 13.5 10.2 20.4Finland . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 206.8 86.4 31.0 11.2 23.2 14.1 9.6 8.6 26.4France . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 58.0 49.7 35.3 8.0 28.4 9.5 15.6 14.4 19.8Germany. . . . . . . . . . 1994 152.3 82.5 35.8 14.3 31.3 16.8 21.3 11.1 13.8Hungary . . . . . . . . . . 1994 250.2 161.0 65.9 22.4 35.4 39.6 81.3 16.0 33.5Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 90.4 86.6 42.8 17.2 28.4 21.4 20.8 15.2 7.1Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 36.4 75.8 28.0 31.2 9.6 10.1 11.2 9.9 15.1Netherlands . . . . . . . . 1993 121.6 66.3 52.0 11.4 38.4 16.4 4.6 7.4 9.6New Zealand . . . . . . . 1993 195.1 76.1 40.7 8.2 34.0 11.3 4.1 16.6 12.6Norway . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 161.9 80.0 30.0 9.8 27.7 12.6 4.5 5.9 13.0Poland . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 110.1 79.0 52.1 18.3 22.3 17.7 12.8 18.8 14.8Portugal . . . . . . . . . . 1994 75.6 187.1 22.0 22.8 25.0 9.7 21.3 20.9 7.1Russia . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 409.0 297.0 44.7 34.2 22.1 40.7 (NA) 23.2 41.7Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 73.0 81.9 34.1 14.1 24.4 7.3 17.7 16.0 6.6Sweden . . . . . . . . . . 1993 172.0 65.8 23.3 8.2 24.7 10.6 5.6 6.3 14.7Switzerland . . . . . . . . 1994 100.4 48.8 33.7 8.6 33.1 17.7 8.4 8.4 19.6United Kingdom:England and Wales . 1993 197.6 75.1 49.1 10.6 37.6 10.2 5.4 6.1 6.9Scotland . . . . . . . . 1993 250.4 114.9 68.1 11.7 38.0 8.4 9.4 7.3 11.7

NA Not available. 1 Chronic and unspecified.Source: World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Statistics Annual.


No. 1340. Foreign or Immigrant Population, 1982 and 1993, and Foreign Labor Force,1991, by Country

[In Australia, Canada, and the United States the data refer to people present in the country who are foreign born. In the Europeancountries and Japan they generally refer to foreigners and represent the nationalities of residents; as a result, persons born in thesecountries may be counted among the foreign population, whereas others, who are foreign born, may have acquired the host-countrynationality. Except as noted, data are from population registers. Data for foreign labor in European Union (EU) countries are takenfrom the EU labor force survey. For the other European countries data are based on population registers]

COUNTRY

FOREIGNERS FOREIGN LABORFORCE, 1991

Number(1,000)

Percent oftotal population Number

(1,000)

Percent oftotal laborforce1982 1993 1982 1993

United States 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,080 319,767 24.7 37.9 311,636 39.3Australia 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,004 64,125 520.6 622.7 62,164 624.8Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 7562 4.0 77.1 7296 78.9Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 7909 9.0 79.0 297 7.4Canada 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,843 84,343 516.1 815.6 2,681 18.5Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 189 2.0 3.6 74 2.5Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 56 0.3 1.1 (NA) (NA)France 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,714 33,597 6.8 36.3 1,505 6.2Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,667 96,878 7.6 8.5 92,703 8.9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 987 0.6 1.7 (NA) (NA)Japan 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 1,321 0.7 1.1 7590 70.9Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 7120 26.2 730.3 55 33.3Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 6757 3.8 65.0 269 3.9Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 162 2.2 3.8 747 74.4Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 7393 0.5 71.0 1159 0.4Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 7499 4.9 75.7 7244 75.5Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926 1,260 14.4 18.1 7717 720.1United Kingdom 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,601 2,001 2.8 3.5 960 3.3

NA Not available. 1 Census data. 2 1980 data. 3 1990 data. 4 Labor force survey. 5 1981 data. 6 1994 data.7 1992 data. 8 1991 data. 9 Western Germany only. 10 Residence permits. 11 Excludes unemployed.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, The OECD Observer, No. 192,February/March 1995, (copyright.)

No. 1341. Health Expenditures, by Country: 1980 to 1995

[G.D.P.=gross domestic product; for explanation, see text, section 14. For explanation of purchasing power parities,see text, section 30]

COUNTRY

TOTAL HEALTH EXPENDITURES PUBLIC HEALTHEXPENDITURES

Percent of gross domestic productPer capita on basisof G.D.P. purchas-ing power parities

Percent of gross domesticproduct

1980 1985 1990 1994 1995 1985 1995 1980 1985 1995

United States . . . . . 9.2 10.7 12.4 14.2 14.2 $1,733 $3,701 3.9 4.3 6.6Australia . . . . . . . . . 7.3 7.7 8.2 8.5 8.6 989 1,741 4.6 5.5 5.8Austria . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 6.7 8.4 9.7 7.9 992 1,634 5.4 5.2 5.9Belgium . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.4 7.6 8.2 8.0 890 1,665 5.5 6.0 7.0Canada . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.4 9.5 9.8 9.6 1,206 2,049 5.5 6.4 6.9Czech Republic . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 7.6 7.9 (NA) 749 (NA) (NA) (NA)Denmark. . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.4 816 1,368 5.8 5.3 5.3Finland. . . . . . . . . . 6.5 7.3 8.0 8.3 7.7 852 1,373 5.1 5.7 5.8France . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.5 8.9 9.7 9.8 1,088 1,956 6.0 6.5 7.7Germany 1 . . . . . . . 8.4 8.5 8.3 28.6 10.4 1,274 2,134 6.3 6.6 8.2Greece. . . . . . . . . . (NA) 4.0 (NA) 23.6 5.8 288 703 (NA) 3.3 4.4Hungary . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 7.1 (NA) 562 (NA) (NA) 4.9Iceland . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 7.3 8.3 8.1 8.2 929 1,774 5.7 6.3 6.9Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 7.8 7.0 7.3 6.4 586 1,106 7.5 6.1 5.1Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 7.0 8.1 28.6 7.7 830 1,507 5.6 5.4 5.4Japan . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.7 6.7 27.3 7.2 823 1,581 4.6 4.7 5.7Korea, South . . . . . . (NA) 3.9 (NA) (NA) 5.3 171 666 (NA) 1.4 2.1Luxembourg . . . . . . (NA) 6.1 (NA) 3.1 7.0 895 2,206 (NA) 5.5 6.5Mexico . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 4.9 (NA) 386 (NA) (NA) 2.8Netherlands . . . . . . 8.0 7.9 8.2 8.8 8.8 932 1,728 6.0 5.9 6.8New Zealand. . . . . . 7.2 5.3 7.3 27.7 7.1 592 1,203 6.0 4.6 5.4Norway. . . . . . . . . . (NA) 6.6 (NA) 25.5 8.0 910 1,821 (NA) 5.7 6.6Poland . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 4.4 (NA) (NA) 3219 (NA) (NA) (NA)Portugal . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.3 6.7 27.4 8.2 387 1,035 4.3 3.4 5.0Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.7 6.6 27.3 7.6 455 1,075 4.5 4.6 6.0Sweden . . . . . . . . . 9.4 9.0 8.6 7.7 7.2 1,174 1,360 8.7 8.1 5.9Switzerland . . . . . . . 7.3 8.1 7.8 9.6 9.8 1,297 2,412 4.9 5.3 7.1Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.2 4.0 5.2 (NA) 73 3272 1.1 1.1 32.6United Kingdom . . . . 5.8 5.9 6.2 6.9 6.9 670 1,246 5.2 5.0 5.9

NA Not available. 1 Data prior to 1991 are for former West Germany. 2 1993 data. 3 1994 data.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Health Data 97; OECD HealthSystems: Facts and Trends, 1993; OECD in Figures, 1997 Edition, and unpublished data.

Immigrant Population—Health Expenditures 835

No. 1342. Educational Attainment, by Country: 1994

[Percent distribution. Persons 25 to 64 years old]

COUNTRY Total

Early childhood,primary, and lower

secondaryeducation only

Uppersecondary

education only

Non-universitytertiary education

only

Universityeducation

only

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 50 27 10 13Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 32 60 2 6Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 51 27 12 10Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 26 28 29 17Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 100 40 40 6 14Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 36 44 9 11France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 33 50 8 9Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 100 16 62 10 13Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 55 27 6 12Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 55 27 10 9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 67 26 (1) 18Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 100 40 38 (1) 121New Zealand. . . . . . . . . 100 43 34 14 9Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 19 53 11 16Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 81 8 3 7Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 74 11 4 11Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 28 46 14 12Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 100 18 61 13 8Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 80 13 (1) 17United Kingdom . . . . . . . 100 26 54 9 12United States . . . . . . . . 100 15 53 8 24

1 Non-university tertiary education included in University education only.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Education at a Glance, annual, (copyright).

No. 1343. Participation in Job-Related Continuing Education and Training, by Country[Percentage of the employed population 25 to 64 years old. Data refer to all job-related education and training organized,financed, or sponsored by authorities, provided by employers, or self-financed. Job-related continuing education and training refersto all organized, systematic education and training activities in which people take part in order to obtain knowledge and/or learnnew skills for a current or a future job, to increase earnings, improve job and/or career opportunities in current or other fields, andgenerally to improve their opportunities for advancement and promotion]

COUNTRY Year Total Male Female

United States 1 2. . . . . . 1995 34 31 36Australia 1 3 . . . . . . . . . 1993 38 37 40Belgium 4 5 . . . . . . . . . 1994 3 3 2Canada 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1993 28 27 30Denmark 4. . . . . . . . . . 1994 15 13 18Finland 1 6 . . . . . . . . . . 1993 41 38 44France 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 40 38 43Germany 1 7 . . . . . . . . 1994 33 35 31

COUNTRY Year Total Male Female

Greece 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 1 1 1Ireland 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 4 3 6Italy 4 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 1 1 2Spain 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 3 2 4Sweden 9 . . . . . . . . . . 1995 44 40 47Switzerland 1 . . . . . . . . 1993 38 42 34United Kingdom 4 . . . . . 1994 13 12 14

1 During the 12-month period preceding the survey. 2 Excludes full-time students. 3 Excludes persons enrolled only infull-time programs at any time during the survey period and people pursuing only on-the-job training. 4 During the 4-week periodpreceding the survey. 5 Covers all forms of continuing education and training. 6 Includes only the training of employees whichis sponsored by employers. 7 Excludes initial training of students over 25 years old in vocational schools and in the dual systemand forms of continuing vocational training other than formal courses. 8 Excludes persons enrolled in ordinary school courses.9 During the 6-month period preceding the survey. Includes only training supplied or sponsored by employers.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Education at a Glance, annual (copyright).


No. 1344. Land Area, Forested Area, and Deforestation: 1991-93

COUNTRYLand area

(mil.hectares)

Forest andwoodlandarea,

percent oftotal,

1991-93

Deforesta-tion, 1percent

change from1981-83

Bangladesh . . . 13.0 15 -12.2Brazil . . . . . . . 845.7 58 -4.8Burma . . . . . . 65.8 44 1.2Colombia. . . . . 103.9 48 -5.8Cote d’Ivoire . . 31.8 22 -24.4Ecuador . . . . . 27.7 56 0.6Guatemala . . . 10.8 49 17.4Honduras . . . . 11.2 54 -India. . . . . . . . 297.3 23 1.4Indonesia . . . . 181.2 61 -3.7Liberia . . . . . . 9.6 18 -13.2

COUNTRYLand area

(mil.hectares)

Forest andwoodlandarea,

percent oftotal,

1991-93

Deforesta-tion, 1percent

change from1981-83

Madagascar. . . 58.2 40 -Malawi . . . . . . 9.4 39 1.1Malaysia . . . . . 32.9 62 -1.8Mexico . . . . . . 191.0 26 4.1Nepal . . . . . . . 13.7 42 4.4Nicaragua . . . . 11.9 27 -24.3Niger . . . . . . . 126.7 2 0.8Nigeria . . . . . . 91.1 13 -20.3Philippines. . . . 29.8 46 13.4Thailand . . . . . 51.1 27 -13.8Vietnam . . . . . 32.5 30 -33.3

- Represents zero. 1 Deforestation refers only to clearing of land for agriculture or other land uses. It excludes logging.

No. 1345. Paper Production, Consumption, and Waste Paper Recovery: 1987-1989[In thousands of metric tons, except percent ]

COUNTRY Production, 11987-89

Consump-tion, 1988

Wastepaper

recovery,percent ofconsump-

tion

Argentina . . . . . . 973 971 43Australia. . . . . . . 1,729 2,570 30Austria . . . . . . . . 2,600 1,083 49Brazil. . . . . . . . . 4,734 3,710 39Canada . . . . . . . 16,417 5,950 21Chile . . . . . . . . . 445 370 54China . . . . . . . . 14,159 13,200 22Denmark . . . . . . 326 1,085 31Finland . . . . . . . 8,472 1,115 34France. . . . . . . . 6,216 7,934 33Germany 2 . . . . . 10,591 12,346 41Hungary. . . . . . . 520 680 29

COUNTRY Production, 11987-89

Consump-tion, 1988

Wastepaper

recovery,percent ofconsump-

tion

Japan . . . . . . . . 24,657 24,940 48Netherlands . . . . 2,399 2,800 54New Zealand . . . 693 561 18Portugal . . . . . . . 679 662 41South Korea . . . . 3,613 3,300 39Spain . . . . . . . . 3,368 3,897 37Sweden . . . . . . . 8,111 2,050 48Switzerland. . . . . 1,207 1,005 61Thailand. . . . . . . 500 811 35Turkey . . . . . . . . 413 979 24United Kingdom. . 4,318 9,286 30United States. . . 68,878 77,057 30

1 Annual average. 2 Data are for former West Germany.

Source of tables 1344 and 1345: U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Handbook of International Economic Statistics, annual.

No. 1346. Municipal Waste Generation and Disposal: 1980 to 1992

[In thousands of metric tons, except as indicated . Municipal waste is that which is collected and treated by or for municipalities:household waste and bulky waste as well as comparable waste from small communities or industrial enterprises; and market andgarden residue. The definition of municipal waste and the surveying methods used vary from country to country]

COUNTRY

AMOUNT GENERATED AMOUNT DISPOSED

Total Percapita,1992(kilo-grams)

Year Total 1Method

1980 1985 1990 1992 Incinera-tion Landfill Recycling

United States . . . . . 137,350 149,144 177,539 187,790 730 1993 187,790 2,993 117,028 34,929Austria 2 . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 3,283 (NA) (NA) 1990 2,506 310 1,700 400Canada . . . . . . . . . 12,600 (NA) 18,000 18,800 660 1992 18,800 1,101 14,070 3,400Denmark. . . . . . . . . 2,046 2,430 (NA) 2,377 460 1993 2,377 1,500 468 203Finland. . . . . . . . . . (NA) 2,500 3,100 (NA) (NA) 1990 3,100 50 2,400 600France 2 . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 26,220 27,000 470 1992 20,500 7,600 9,500 740Germany, West . . . . 21,417 19,387 21,615 (NA) (NA) 1990 21,615 6,039 14,219 (NA)Greece. . . . . . . . . . 2,500 3,023 3,000 3,200 310 1992 3,200 1 2,970 226Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,041 15,000 20,000 20,033 350 1991 26,600 2,100 22,800 1,700Japan . . . . . . . . . . 43,950 41,530 50,441 50,767 410 1991 50,767 3,616 19,379 1,688Mexico . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 321,062 28,090 310 1993 28,089 (NA) 7,768 192Netherlands . . . . . . 7,050 6,357 7,430 7,602 500 1991 7,602 2,500 3,610 578Norway. . . . . . . . . . 1,700 1,900 2,000 2,220 510 1992 2,223 416 1,678 175Portugal . . . . . . . . . 1,980 2,350 3,000 3,270 330 1992 3,270 (NA) 2,826 (NA)Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 10,100 10,014 12,546 14,256 360 1993 14,256 635 12,061 (NA)Sweden . . . . . . . . . 2,510 2,650 3,200 (NA) (NA) 1990 3,200 1,300 1,400 400Switzerland . . . . . . . 2,290 2,610 2,930 2,820 400 1992 42,820 2,140 650 1,370United Kingdom 2 . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 1989 20,000 2,500 14,000 1,000

NA Not available. 1 Total waste generated. Includes other methods not shown separately. Total may be lower than the totalof all disposals because residues of some treatments (e.g. incineration) are landfilled. 2 Disposal data refer to household wasteonly. 3 1991 data. 4 Excludes recycled material.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data, Compendium1995, 1995 (copyright).

Forest Area—Paper Production, Consumption—Municipal Waste 837

No. 1347. Gross National Product, by Country: 1985 to 1995

[In billions of dollars, except per capita. For most countries, data for GNP are based on local currencies which are deflated toconstant 1995 local currency values before conversion to U.S. dollar equivalents. In general, rates used for conversion are the 1995average par/market exchange rates as supplied by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]

COUNTRY

CURRENT DOLLARS CONSTANT (1995) DOLLARS

1985 1990 1994 1995 1985 1990 1994 1995Per capita (dollars)

1985 1990 1995

United States . . . . . 4,201 5,765 6,932 7,247 5,758 6,625 7,106 7,247 24,140 26,510 27,550

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . 28 34 37 39 39 39 38 39 1,744 1,544 1,365Argentina . . . . . . . . 147 181 278 271 201 209 285 271 6,627 6,437 7,909Australia . . . . . . . . . 185 250 324 342 254 288 332 342 16,070 16,900 18,920Austria . . . . . . . . . . 132 183 221 231 182 210 226 231 24,010 27,630 28,860Bangladesh. . . . . . . 14 21 27 29 19 24 28 29 194 215 240Belgium . . . . . . . . . 158 219 262 269 217 252 268 269 21,970 25,300 26,550Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 371 502 610 657 509 576 626 657 3,718 3,841 4,084Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . 41 45 37 38 56 52 38 38 6,316 5,805 4,394Canada . . . . . . . . . 319 436 517 542 437 501 530 542 17,370 18,810 19,000Chile . . . . . . . . . . . 20 36 53 59 28 41 55 59 2,322 3,109 4,173China 1. . . . . . . . . . 799 1,382 2,461 2,759 1,095 1,588 2,523 2,759 1,040 1,401 2,303Colombia . . . . . . . . 35 52 71 76 48 60 73 76 1,627 1,818 2,107Congo (Kinshasa) 2 . 6 8 5 5 8 9 5 5 235 230 114Croatia 1. . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 19 20 (X) (X) 20 20 (X) (X) 4,045Cuba 1 . . . . . . . . . . 30 34 22 23 40 39 23 23 4,014 3,672 2,068Czech Republic 1 . . . (X) (X) 94 101 (X) (X) 96 101 (X) (X) 9,779Denmark. . . . . . . . . 110 141 173 170 151 162 178 170 29,570 31,540 32,540Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 24 37 44 46 34 42 45 46 677 750 746El Salvador . . . . . . . 5 6 9 10 6 7 9 10 1,311 1,325 1,671Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 92 102 96Finland. . . . . . . . . . 86 121 121 119 118 139 124 119 24,150 27,820 23,410France . . . . . . . . . . 895 1,251 1,452 1,521 1,226 1,438 1,488 1,521 22,330 25,460 26,290Germany 3 . . . . . . . 1,232 1,738 2,079 2,172 1,689 1,998 2,131 2,172 27,670 25,170 26,190Ghana . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 6 6 4 5 6 6 306 330 357Greece. . . . . . . . . . 56 72 87 91 76 82 89 91 7,656 8,144 8,696Hungary 1 . . . . . . . . 53 63 64 66 72 72 65 66 6,767 6,949 6,519India . . . . . . . . . . . 142 229 299 326 195 263 307 326 252 307 348Indonesia . . . . . . . . 67 113 172 189 92 130 177 189 532 694 931Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 134 158 158 152 154 162 158 3,200 2,702 2,449Iraq 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 31 23 (NA) (NA) 42 26 (NA) (NA) 2,683 1,435 (NA)Israel . . . . . . . . . . . 38 57 83 91 52 65 85 91 12,870 14,470 17,070Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 886 1,025 1,082 882 1,019 1,050 1,082 15,430 17,670 18,850Japan . . . . . . . . . . 2,809 4,187 4,981 5,153 3,849 4,811 5,106 5,153 31,880 38,950 41,160Kenya . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 7 8 5 7 7 8 262 286 274Korea, North 1 . . . . . 26 (NA) 21 21 36 (NA) 22 21 1,839 (NA) 894Korea, South . . . . . . 130 259 380 425 179 297 390 425 4,380 6,935 9,437Kuwait 1 . . . . . . . . . 26 25 28 30 36 25 28 30 20,930 13,400 16,500Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 27 46 71 81 37 53 73 81 2,386 3,033 4,134Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 157 204 254 237 215 235 261 237 2,806 2,756 2,521Morocco . . . . . . . . . 18 26 33 32 25 30 34 32 1,064 1,162 1,107Netherlands . . . . . . 224 310 373 391 307 356 382 391 21,180 23,830 25,240Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . 51 72 94 95 70 83 96 95 935 958 946Norway. . . . . . . . . . 74 95 121 128 101 109 124 128 24,320 25,700 29,350Pakistan . . . . . . . . . 29 44 57 61 40 51 59 61 402 445 482Peru . . . . . . . . . . . 33 37 51 57 46 43 53 57 2,331 1,961 2,363Philippines . . . . . . . 37 57 71 77 51 66 73 77 877 1,011 1,052Poland 1 . . . . . . . . . 144 163 188 209 198 188 193 209 5,318 4,925 5,404Portugal . . . . . . . . . 53 84 98 103 73 97 100 103 7,292 9,826 10,430Romania. . . . . . . . . 99 105 91 99 136 121 93 99 6,059 5,294 4,513Russia 1 . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 676 664 (X) (X) 693 664 (X) (X) 4,478Saudi Arabia 1 . . . . . 94 113 121 128 129 130 124 128 9,769 8,157 6,815Serbia andMontenegro 1. . . . . (X) (X) (NA) 21 (X) (X) (NA) 21 (X) (X) 1,948Slovakia 1 . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 18 19 (X) (X) 19 19 (X) (X) 3,619Slovenia 1 . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 21 23 (X) (X) 22 23 (X) (X) 11,550South Africa . . . . . . 83 107 124 131 113 123 127 131 3,394 3,317 3,185Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 303 451 525 554 415 519 538 554 10,810 13,370 14,160Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . 6 9 12 13 8 10 12 13 521 572 699Sweden . . . . . . . . . 145 192 207 219 199 221 212 219 23,800 25,830 24,730Switzerland . . . . . . . 198 267 302 316 271 307 309 316 41,440 45,270 44,070Syria . . . . . . . . . . . 25 30 45 50 34 34 46 50 3,258 2,730 3,283Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . 91 169 243 264 125 194 249 264 6,440 9,575 12,390Tanzania. . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 4 2 3 4 4 115 131 134Thailand . . . . . . . . . 49 96 147 163 67 111 151 163 1,310 2,012 2,806Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 78 124 153 167 106 142 157 167 2,100 2,536 2,714United Kingdom . . . . 653 903 1,058 1,110 895 1,037 1,084 1,110 15,800 18,070 19,020Venezuela. . . . . . . . 41 56 71 75 56 65 73 75 3,298 3,339 3,457

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Estimated. 2 See footnote 3, table 1334. 3 Prior to 1991, data are for formerWest Germany.

Source: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual. Data fromInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development and U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.


No. 1348. Gross Domestic Product, by Country: 1980 to 1996

COUNTRY

PURCHASING POWER PARITY BASIS 1 CONSTANT (1990) PRICE LEVELS AND EXCHANGE RATES 2

Amount (bil. dol.) Per capita (dollars) Amount (bil. dol.)Annual growth

rate 3

(percent)

1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1995 1996

OECD, total . . . . . 7,405 10,818 15,092 17,366 18,242 18,980 8,539 11,990 16,058 17,998 18,759 19,366 12,828 14,390 16,859 17,497 17,999 18,347 18,777 1.9 2.3OECD Europe . . . 3,089 4,369 6,108 6,923 7,238 7,556 7,525 10,400 14,139 15,705 16,332 16,964 5,718 6,201 7,231 7,362 7,558 7,748 7,881 2.5 1.7European Union 4 . 2,873 4,036 5,623 6,334 6,651 6,925 8,083 11,246 15,426 17,131 17,928 18,612 5,349 5,777 6,733 6,832 7,029 7,202 7,315 2.5 1.6

Australia . . . . . . . 127 194 272 309 330 349 8,671 12,293 15,947 17,478 18,516 19,354 214 251 295 310 326 336 350 3.2 4.1Austria . . . . . . . . 67 93 128 153 162 167 8,850 12,278 16,623 19,167 20,206 20,773 128 137 158 167 172 175 177 1.8 1.0Belgium. . . . . . . . 87 118 164 196 206 211 8,851 11,976 16,467 19,451 20,316 20,792 160 166 194 197 202 206 209 1.9 1.3Canada . . . . . . . . 246 370 509 559 594 623 10,020 14,262 18,304 19,310 20,298 21,031 427 493 568 575 598 612 622 2.3 1.5Denmark . . . . . . . 45 67 85 100 106 113 8,749 12,997 16,552 19,191 20,445 21,529 106 120 129 133 139 143 146 2.8 1.9Finland . . . . . . . . 38 57 81 79 83 91 8,004 11,682 16,193 15,646 16,273 17,787 99 114 135 119 125 130 133 4.2 2.5France . . . . . . . . 511 711 984 1,077 1,114 1,159 9,475 12,851 17,347 18,675 19,233 19,939 963 1,030 1,195 1,202 1,234 1,260 1,276 2.1 1.3Germany . . . . . . . 658 921 1,269 1,502 1,601 1,674 8,407 11,862 15,991 18,500 19,668 20,497 1,321 1,421 1,640 1,704 1,753 1,787 1,808 1.9 1.1Greece . . . . . . . . 51 71 93 115 121 127 5,315 7,175 9,187 11,032 11,590 12,174 71 76 83 86 88 90 92 2.0 2.2Iceland . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 5 5 6 9,492 13,100 17,271 18,696 19,324 21,938 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 2.0 5.8Ireland . . . . . . . . 18 27 40 51 56 62 5,291 7,501 11,402 14,236 15,783 17,228 32 36 46 51 54 60 65 10.7 7.0Italy . . . . . . . . . . 476 668 922 1,011 1,067 1,115 8,440 11,782 16,257 17,710 18,648 19,465 877 945 1,094 1,100 1,123 1,157 1,166 3.0 0.8Japan . . . . . . . . . 958 1,472 2,202 2,580 2,646 2,737 8,204 12,188 17,824 20,691 21,170 21,795 2,007 2,369 2,970 3,125 3,140 3,169 3,283 0.9 3.6Luxembourg . . . . . 4 5 9 11 12 13 9,970 14,566 22,809 28,176 30,116 31,303 7 8 10 12 13 13 14 3.8 2.3Mexico . . . . . . . . 251 360 467 683 728 700 3,606 4,617 5,416 7,484 7,822 7,383 220 242 263 289 302 283 295 -6.2 4.1Netherlands . . . . . 124 172 239 272 288 306 8,750 11,839 15,958 17,817 18,724 19,782 229 243 284 298 308 315 323 2.1 2.6New Zealand . . . . 24 37 45 53 57 60 7,731 11,218 13,332 15,263 16,189 16,851 36 42 43 46 48 50 50 3.1 1.3Norway . . . . . . . . 37 57 74 92 95 99 9,124 13,775 17,497 21,380 21,954 22,672 90 106 115 126 133 137 144 3.3 5.1Portugal . . . . . . . 45 61 93 113 119 124 4,588 6,087 9,372 11,431 12,018 12,457 51 53 67 71 71 72 74 1.9 2.5Spain . . . . . . . . . 219 308 458 521 532 558 5,849 8,018 11,787 13,329 13,596 14,226 366 395 492 500 511 525 536 2.8 2.1Sweden. . . . . . . . 77 109 146 147 154 165 9,250 13,057 17,004 16,870 17,582 18,673 188 205 230 219 226 234 238 3.6 1.7Switzerland . . . . . 75 104 143 161 168 176 11,720 15,969 21,020 23,014 23,859 24,809 184 197 226 223 226 226 225 0.1 -0.3Turkey. . . . . . . . . 102 169 264 331 319 351 2,299 3,351 4,691 5,562 5,271 5,691 91 115 151 174 165 176 190 7.2 7.5United Kingdom . . 453 649 912 987 1,029 1,042 8,039 11,449 15,847 16,955 17,622 17,776 752 828 976 971 1,009 1,034 1,059 2.5 2.4United States . . . 2,708 4,017 5,490 6,260 6,650 6,955 11,892 16,844 21,966 24,252 25,512 26,438 4,205 4,793 5,490 5,791 6,027 6,150 6,297 2.0 2.4

1 The goods and services produced in different countries should be valued consistently if the differences observed are meant to reflect real differences in the volumes of goods and services produced. The useof purchasing power parities (PPP) instead of exchange rates is intended to achieve this objective. PPP’s show how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the same amount of goods and serviceswhich one unit of currency will buy in the other country. See text, section 30. 2 Based on constant (1990) price data converted to U.S. dollars using 1990 exchange rates. 3 Percent change from immediate prioryear. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease. 4 For countries, see text, section 30.

Source:Organization for EconomicCooperation andDevelopment, Paris, France,NationalAccounts,MainAggregates, vol. I, annual; and ‘‘OECDStatisticsGDP;’’ published January 1997; <http://www.oecd.org/std/gdp.htm>(copyright).

Gross

Dom

esticProduct

839

No. 1349. International Economic Composite Indexes, by Country: 1980 to 1996

[Average annual percent change from previous year; derived from indexes with base 1980=100. The coincident index changesare for calendar years and the leading index changes are for years ending June 30 because they lead the coincident indexes byabout 6 months, on average. The G-7 countries are United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, and Japan.Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRY 1980 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

LEADING INDEXTotal, 11 countries . . . . . 2.4 3.1 4.3 8.0 5.0 2.3 -0.8 0.8 1.2 4.9 5.9 2.610 countries, excluding U.S. 6.6 4.4 5.2 8.2 5.9 3.3 -0.8 -1.8 -1.6 3.5 5.6 3.0G-7 countries . . . . . . . 2.3 2.9 4.2 7.8 4.9 2.3 -0.8 0.6 1.0 4.8 5.9 2.6

North America . . . . . . . . . . . -2.8 1.3 3.2 7.3 3.5 0.7 -1.1 4.5 5.2 7.0 6.3 1.9United States . . . . . . . . . . -3.3 1.0 3.2 7.5 3.7 0.9 -0.8 4.8 5.1 6.9 6.3 2.0Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 4.3 2.7 6.1 1.0 -2.5 -4.7 1.7 5.5 8.3 6.5 0.6

Four European countries . . . . 2.8 2.3 3.6 3.1 4.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.3 4.0 4.4 0.7France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 2.6 6.1 5.1 6.0 0.5 0.8 2.6 0.2 4.7 5.8 -0.3Germany 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.0 1.6 3.4 5.2 4.7 3.8 0.4 -1.7 4.2 4.5 0.9Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.7 4.3 0.6 2.1 0.3 -0.7 0.7 2.4 3.9 3.1 1.2United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.2 3.4 1.9 2.4 -0.9 -1.8 - 2.1 3.0 3.2 1.5

Five Pacific region countries . . 14.4 7.8 7.9 16.1 8.6 6.1 -2.5 -5.8 -5.0 1.9 7.4 6.7Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.5 3.2 7.6 5.2 -3.3 -3.9 3.6 5.3 6.2 2.5 -0.4Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 6.5 13.6 14.9 12.3 7.0 1.4 8.2 5.5 8.0 8.1 4.5Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2 8.3 7.6 17.6 8.9 7.2 -3.0 -8.3 -7.6 - 7.7 8.1Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . -2.6 4.7 17.2 13.7 10.0 4.5 3.9 4.9 4.1 11.8 10.5 4.4New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 5.4 2.8 -1.5 0.8 1.2 -2.7 3.0 3.4 2.7 1.4 0.9

COINCIDENT INDEXTotal, 11 countries . . . . . 0.3 3.7 4.1 6.1 4.8 3.6 - 0.9 0.2 3.4 3.3 2.610 countries, excluding U.S. 2.5 4.0 4.5 6.9 6.4 5.8 2.3 0.8 -0.9 2.5 3.4 2.5G-7 countries . . . . . . . 0.2 3.6 4.0 6.0 4.6 3.6 - 0.9 0.1 3.1 3.1 2.5

North America . . . . . . . . . . . -2.4 3.6 3.8 4.8 2.4 -0.1 -3.9 1.0 2.3 5.1 3.3 2.6United States . . . . . . . . . . -2.8 3.4 3.7 4.7 2.3 - -3.9 1.1 2.3 4.9 3.3 2.7Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 5.3 4.8 5.8 2.8 - -4.3 0.1 2.2 4.4 2.6 1.4

Four European countries . . . . 1.4 2.9 3.8 6.1 6.0 5.6 1.2 0.1 -2.4 2.4 4.0 2.4France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.4 5.0 8.0 8.7 7.1 2.1 0.8 -1.9 4.0 6.4 3.3Germany 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 3.5 3.0 3.6 5.4 7.2 5.1 1.4 -1.9 1.2 2.0 1.0Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 2.5 1.5 5.3 2.0 4.7 0.3 -0.5 -7.5 -1.0 2.6 1.5United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . -2.1 4.3 5.2 8.0 5.9 2.3 -4.8 -2.4 0.2 4.5 4.5 3.8

Five Pacific region countries . . 4.2 5.0 5.2 8.2 7.5 6.8 4.6 1.8 0.5 2.3 2.7 2.9Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 7.6 4.3 8.5 9.9 0.9 -7.7 -1.0 2.3 9.6 8.8 4.1Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 3.7 11.9 8.0 7.3 2.8 5.8 6.1 5.1 5.8 3.4 1.6Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.7 4.6 8.3 7.3 7.6 5.8 1.7 -0.2 0.9 1.5 2.5Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . -4.3 5.5 13.5 10.6 6.2 9.5 7.9 4.5 3.9 9.0 9.1 6.0New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.8 1.4 -0.8 -0.7 1.2 -0.7 1.4 3.6 5.5 4.7 4.4

- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Former West Germany.

Source: Center for International Business Cycle Research, Columbia Business School, New York, NY, International EconomicIndicators, monthly.

No. 1350. Selected International Economic Indicators, by Country: 1980 to 1996

[Data cover gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices. Gross fixed capital formation covers private and government sectorsexcept military. Savings data are calculated by deducting outlays—such as personal consumption expenditures, interest paid, andtransfer payments to foreigners—from disposable personal income]

YEAR UnitedStates France Ger-

many Italy Nether-lands

UnitedKingdom Japan Canada

Ratio of gross fixed capital formation toGDP (current prices):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 23.0 22.6 24.3 21.6 17.9 31.6 23.31985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.8 19.3 19.5 20.7 19.7 17.0 27.5 19.71990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 21.4 20.9 20.3 20.9 19.5 31.7 21.11992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 20.1 23.1 19.2 20.0 15.6 30.5 18.71993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 18.5 21.8 16.9 19.2 14.9 29.5 18.11994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 18.5 22.0 16.6 18.7 14.9 28.6 18.51995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 17.9 21.7 17.3 19.4 15.1 28.3 17.31996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 17.5 21.0 17.0 19.9 15.0 29.6 17.5

Ratio of savings to disposable personalincome:1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 17.6 14.2 21.6 11.0 13.4 17.9 13.31985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 14.0 12.8 19.2 13.1 10.7 15.6 13.11990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 12.5 14.7 18.5 15.5 8.1 12.1 9.51992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 13.6 13.9 17.9 13.0 12.2 13.1 10.21993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 14.1 12.9 15.8 11.9 11.3 13.4 9.41994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 13.6 12.3 14.7 11.4 10.1 12.8 7.51995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 14.3 12.3 14.4 12.8 11.0 13.0 6.91996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 12.5 12.4 13.4 (NA) 11.6 13.2 4.6

NA Not available.

Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, based on officialstatistics of listed countries.


No. 1351. Annual Percent Change in Consumer Prices, by Country: 1992 to 1996

[The complete publication including this copyright table is available from the U.S. Government Printing Officeand the National Technical Information Service]

No. 1352. At-Home Food and Beverage Expenditures, by Country: 1993[Percent of total personal consumption expenditures. Expenditures spent on food and alcoholic beverages that were

consumed at home]

COUNTRY Food 1 Alcoholicbeverages

United States . . . . . . . 7.7 1.1Australia . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 4.3Bangladesh 2 . . . . . . . . 62.6 (NA)Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 2.3France . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 2.0Germany. . . . . . . . . . . 317.7 (NA)Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 3.1India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 0.6Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 0.7Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 1.0Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.8 (NA)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.2 (NA)

COUNTRY Food 1 Alcoholicbeverages

Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 11.6 1.5Pakistan 2 . . . . . . . . . . 39.3 (NA)Philippines. . . . . . . . . . 354.6 (NA)Singapore . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 1.6South Africa. . . . . . . . . 27.0 5.9Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421.0 (NA)Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 2.7Switzerland . . . . . . . . . 17.9 (NA)Turkey 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 (NA)United Kingdom . . . . . . 11.5 6.0Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . 337.3 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Food expenditures include nonalcoholic beverages. 2 Calculated by using World Bank data on foodas a share of gross domestic product. 3 Food expenditures include nonalcoholic and alcoholic beverages. 4 Foodexpenditures include all beverages and tobacco.

Source: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1997: AnnualData, 1970-95.

No. 1353. Per Capita Consumption of Meat and Poultry: 1996[Preliminary. In kilograms per capita. Beef, veal, and pork quantities are as of September and in carcass-weight equivalents;

poultry quantities are as of July and are on ready-to-cook basis]

COUNTRYPORK

COUNTRYPOULTRY

COUNTRYBEEF AND VEAL

Quantity Rank Quantity Rank Quantity Rank

Denmark. . . . . . . . . 65.7 1 Hong Kong . . . . . . 48.7 1 Uruguay . . . . . . . . 61.7 1Czech Republic . . . . 64.8 2 United States . . . . 45.0 2 Argentina. . . . . . . . 60.9 2Hungary . . . . . . . . . 60.3 3 Israel . . . . . . . . . . 43.9 3 United States . . . . 44.8 3Austria . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 4 Singapore . . . . . . . 33.3 4 Australia . . . . . . . . 35.2 4Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 5 Saudi Arabia . . . . . 31.8 5 Canada . . . . . . . . . 33.6 5Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . . 53.7 6 Canada . . . . . . . . . 31.7 6 New Zealand . . . . . 33.0 6Germany . . . . . . . . 48.6 7 Taiwan . . . . . . . . . 30.4 7 Czech Republic. . . . 30.7 7Hong Kong . . . . . . . 46.8 8 Australia . . . . . . . . 27.0 8 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 8Netherlands . . . . . . 44.1 9 Spain . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 9 Kazakstan . . . . . . . 26.7 9Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 10 Portugal . . . . . . . . 25.3 10 France . . . . . . . . . 24.9 10United States . . . . . 28.7 21

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, ForeignAgricultural Service, Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade, annual.

Prices—Food Expenditures—Meat Consumption 841

No. 1354. Telephones, Newspapers, Television, and Radio, by Country

[See text, section 30, for general comments about the data. For data qualifications for countries, see source]

COUNTRY

Telephone mainlines per 100people, 11995

Cellular telephonesubscribers per100,000 people, 1

1995

Daily newspapercirculation per1,000 people, 2

1994

Televisionreceivers per 1,000

people, 31995

Radio receivers per1,000 people, 4

1994

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 46 571 236Argentina . . . . . . . . 16 985 138 347 673Australia . . . . . . . . . 51 12,767 258 482 1,291Austria . . . . . . . . . . 47 4,762 472 497 619Belgium . . . . . . . . . 46 2,321 321 464 774Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 7 795 45 278 393Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . 30 193 209 358 454Canada . . . . . . . . . 559 8,647 189 5647 1,051Chile . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1,382 100 280 345China. . . . . . . . . . . 3 302 23 250 184Colombia . . . . . . . . 10 707 64 188 178Costa Rica . . . . . . . 16 549 99 220 260Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . 3 18 120 200 347Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . 47 6,065 110 143 300Czech Republic . . . . 24 473 219 406 631Denmark. . . . . . . . . 61 15,728 365 536 1,036Dominican Republic . 58 422 34 87 173Ecuador . . . . . . . . . 6 462 72 148 327Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 5 13 64 126 307Finland. . . . . . . . . . 55 19,922 473 519 1,003France . . . . . . . . . . 56 2,375 237 579 891Germany . . . . . . . . 49 4,275 317 550 935Ghana . . . . . . . . . . - 36 18 (NA) 229Greece. . . . . . . . . . 49 2,608 156 442 418Guatemala . . . . . . . 3 282 23 54 68Honduras . . . . . . . . 3 - 44 80 408Hungary . . . . . . . . . 19 2,594 228 441 625Iceland . . . . . . . . . . 55 11,524 515 447 793India . . . . . . . . . . . 1 15 (NA) 61 81Indonesia . . . . . . . . 2 112 20 5147 148Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 514 (NA) 140 237Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 27 (NA) 218Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 37 4,406 170 382 636Israel . . . . . . . . . . . 42 5,349 281 5295 478Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6,738 105 436 802Jamaica . . . . . . . . . 12 1,789 66 285 436Japan . . . . . . . . . . 49 8,149 576 619 912Korea, South . . . . . . 41 3,659 404 5323 1,017Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . 23 7,068 401 379 445Lebanon . . . . . . . . . 8 2,996 172 268 889Luxembourg . . . . . . 56 6,578 384 5591 636Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 17 4,337 142 5231 432Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 10 699 113 192 256Morocco . . . . . . . . . 4 110 13 5145 219Netherlands . . . . . . 53 3,318 334 495 909New Zealand. . . . . . 48 10,801 297 5508 991Norway. . . . . . . . . . 56 22,445 607 561 799Pakistan . . . . . . . . . 2 33 21 522 88Panama . . . . . . . . . 11 - 62 169 227Paraguay . . . . . . . . 53 320 42 73 172Peru . . . . . . . . . . . 5 313 86 100 255Philippines . . . . . . . 2 730 65 5121 144Poland . . . . . . . . . . 15 194 141 408 441Portugal . . . . . . . . . 36 3,434 41 332 233Puerto Rico. . . . . . . 33 4,756 184 322 713Romania. . . . . . . . . 13 40 297 5201 204Russia . . . . . . . . . . 17 60 267 5379 339Saudi Arabia . . . . . . 10 90 54 257 294Singapore . . . . . . . . 48 9,773 364 362 645South Africa . . . . . . 9 1,290 33 101 314Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2,408 104 490 312Sweden . . . . . . . . . 68 22,936 483 476 879Switzerland . . . . . . . 61 6,352 409 461 841Syria . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 18 89 257Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . 43 3,616 (NA) 317 (NA)Thailand . . . . . . . . . 6 1,852 48 5221 190Trinidad and Tobago . 16 430 135 318 491Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . 6 36 46 156 199Turkey . . . . . . . . . . 21 699 44 240 162United Kingdom . . . . 50 9,799 351 612 1,429United States . . . . . 63 12,840 228 776 2,122Uruguay . . . . . . . . . 20 1,258 237 305 606Venezuela. . . . . . . . 11 1,801 215 180 443

- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. 1 As of December 31. 2 Publications containing general news andappearing at least 4 times a week; may range in size from a single sheet to 50 or more pages. Circulation data refer to averagecirculation per issue or number of printed copies per issue and include copies sold outside the country. 3 Estimated number ofsets in use. 4 Data cover estimated number of receivers in use and apply to all types of receivers for radio broadcasts to thepublic, including receivers connected to a radio ‘‘redistribution system’’ but excluding television sets. 5 For 1994.

Source: International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, World Telecommunication Indicators, (copyright); andUnited Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris, France, Statistical Yearbook, (copyright).


No. 1355. Motor Vehicle Registrations, by Country: 1995

COUNTRY

ALL VEHICLES PASSENGER CARS

Number(mil.)

Personsper

vehicle

Number(mil.)

Personsper car

Argentina . . . . 5.9 6 4.7 7Australia . . . . . 11.2 2 9.0 2Austria . . . . . . 4.4 2 3.6 2Belgium . . . . . 4.8 2 4.2 2Bulgaria . . . . . 1.8 5 1.6 5Canada. . . . . . 16.7 2 13.2 2Chile . . . . . . . 1.4 11 0.9 16Costa Rica . . . 0.1 26 0.1 60Denmark . . . . . 2.0 3 1.7 3DominicanRepublic . . . . 0.2 40 0.1 67Ecuador . . . . . 0.5 24 0.2 57Finland . . . . . . 2.2 2 1.9 3France . . . . . . 30.3 2 25.1 2Germany. . . . . 43.6 2 40.5 2Greece . . . . . . 3.1 3 2.2 5Hong Kong . . . 0.5 13 0.3 21Hungary . . . . . 2.5 4 2.2 5Ireland . . . . . . 1.2 3 1.0 4

COUNTRY

ALL VEHICLES PASSENGER CARS

Number(mil.)

Personsper

vehicle

Number(mil.)

Personsper car

Israel . . . . . . . 1.4 4 1.1 5Italy . . . . . . . . 32.8 2 30.0 2Japan . . . . . . . 66.9 2 44.7 3Kuwait . . . . . . 0.7 3 0.5 4Netherlands . . . 6.3 2 5.6 3New Zealand . . 2.0 2 1.7 2Norway . . . . . . 2.1 2 1.7 3Panama . . . . . 0.2 12 0.1 19Paraguay . . . . 0.1 44 0.1 73Poland . . . . . . 3.9 10 3.5 11Portugal . . . . . 3.4 3 2.6 4Puerto Rico . . . 1.7 2 1.4 3Singapore . . . . 0.5 7 0.3 10Sweden . . . . . 4.0 2 3.6 2Switzerland . . . 3.5 2 3.2 2Syria . . . . . . . 0.3 56 0.1 130Thailand . . . . . 5.0 12 1.4 44United States . 200.4 1 135.0 2Uruguay . . . . . 0.5 7 0.4 7

Source: American Automobile Manufactures Association, Inc., Detroit, MI, AAMA Motor Vehicle Facts & Figures, annual,(copyright).

No. 1356. Motor Vehicle Miles of Travel for Selected Countries

COUNTRY Year

TOTAL VEHICLE MILES(billions) AVERAGE VEHICLE MILES PER—

Auto-mobiles

Motor-cycles Buses Trucks Auto-

mobileMotor-cycle Bus Truck

Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 138.2 0.7 1.3 48.3 10,251 2,184 19,809 6,785France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 214.7 3.7 2.5 69.6 8,622 1,247 31,865 13,748Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 306.9 7.9 2.9 33.9 7,688 3,720 33,407 20,400Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 256.6 (NA) 4.3 163.9 6,013 (NA) 17,588 7,384Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1991 22.7 0.7 0.3 9.7 3,027 2,532 3,141 2,765Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 26.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) 7,456 (NA) (NA) (NA)United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 212.9 2.6 2.9 41.0 10,593 4,015 26,713 13,982United States 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 2,172.9 10.3 6.4 170.4 11,372 2,759 9,570 27,036

NANot available. 1 Automobiles cover passenger cars and other 2-axle, 4-tire vehicles; trucks cover single-unit 2-axle, 6-tireor more and combination trucks.

Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, 1995.

No. 1357. Employee-Employer Payroll Tax Rates for Social Security Programs,by Country: 1981 to 1996

[In percent. Covers old-age, disability and survivors insurance, sickness and maternity, work injury, unemployment and familyallowances. In some cases, only certain groups, such as wage earners, are represented. When the contribution rate varies, eitherthe average rate or the lowest rate in the range is used]

COUNTRY

ALL SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS OLD-AGE, DISABILITY, SURVIVORS INSURANCE

1981 19911996

1981 19911996

Total Employer Employee Total Employer Employee

United States . . . 17.60 20.50 21.00 13.35 7.65 10.70 12.40 12.40 6.20 6.20Australia 1 . . . . . - 1.25 21.25 2- 21.25 - - 2- 2- 2-Austria . . . . . . . . 340.30 343.90 344.90 27.70 17.20 21.10 22.80 22.80 12.55 10.25Belgium . . . . . . . 34.70 39.33 37.94 24.87 13.07 15.11 16.36 16.36 8.86 7.50Canada . . . . . . . 47.92 410.00 2 414.10 28.40 25.70 3.60 4.60 25.40 22.70 22.70France. . . . . . . . 47.55 54.41 50.32 34.45 15.87 13.00 17.00 16.45 9.80 6.65Germany . . . . . . 534.80 36.16 440.55 21.00 19.55 518.50 17.70 19.20 9.60 9.60Italy. . . . . . . . . . 54.30 55.72 54.32 44.33 9.89 24.46 27.42 28.27 19.38 8.89Japan . . . . . . . . 21.41 24.86 226.62 214.38 212.24 10.60 14.50 216.50 28.25 28.25Netherlands . . . . 54.85 51.73 456.55 12.05 44.50 32.45 28.25 31.75 - 31.75Norway . . . . . . . 26.50 24.50 4 621.90 14.10 7.80 26.50 24.50 621.90 14.10 7.80Spain . . . . . . . . 38.00 37.30 738.30 32.00 6.30 33.10 28.80 728.30 23.60 4.70Sweden . . . . . . . 32.65 34.11 436.09 31.14 4.95 21.15 20.95 20.06 19.06 1.00Switzerland. . . . . 11.90 12.00 12.94 6.54 6.40 9.40 9.60 9.80 4.90 4.90United Kingdom. . 4 68 21.45 4 6 821.45 4 6 822.20 10.20 12.00 21.45 21.45 6 822.20 10.20 12.00

- Represents zero. 1 The central government pays the entire cost of most programs tnrough general revenues. 2 Data for1995. 3 Sickness and maternity refers to wage earners. 4 The central government pays the whole cost of family allowances.5 Data are for former West Germany. 6 Old-age, disability, survivors insurance contribution also covers sickness and maternity,work injury, and unemployment. 7 Old-age, disability, survivors insurance contribution also covers sickness and maternity andfamily allowances. 8 Old-age, disability, survivors insurance range according to earnings bracket; higher rate is shown, whichapplies to highest earnings class.

Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Office of Research and Statistics, Social Security Programs Throughout theWorld, biannual.

Motor Vehicle Registrations and Travel—Payroll Tax Rates 843

No. 1358. Tax Revenues, by Country: 1980 to 1994

[Covers national and local taxes and Social Security contributions. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRY

TAXREVENUES,

1994

PERCENT CHANGE IN TOTAL TAXREVENUE AS EXPRESSED IN

NATIONAL CURRENCY 1TAX REVENUES AS PERCENT OFGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

Total(bil.dol.)

Percapita(dol.)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994

Australia . . . . . . . 100 5,589 3.0 -3.4 3.1 6.4 10.5 28.4 30.0 30.8 28.8 29.9Austria . . . . . . . . 85 10,569 8.4 8.5 9.7 4.3 5.0 41.2 43.1 41.3 43.5 42.8Belgium . . . . . . . 106 10,500 7.3 5.0 5.4 4.1 7.3 44.4 47.7 44.8 45.6 46.6Canada. . . . . . . . 201 6,858 5.5 2.5 1.2 2.0 6.1 31.6 33.1 36.5 35.8 36.1Czech Republic . . 17 1,648 (X) (X) (X) (X) 12.6 (X) (X) (X) 47.8 47.3Denmark . . . . . . . 75 14,460 0.2 3.8 4.1 4.6 8.8 45.5 49.0 48.7 50.3 51.6Finland . . . . . . . . 46 9,051 10.7 -1.7 -2.9 -1.9 9.8 36.9 40.8 45.4 45.4 47.3France . . . . . . . . 586 10,129 5.7 4.6 2.7 1.8 4.7 41.7 44.5 43.7 43.9 44.1Germany 2. . . . . . 803 12,197 4.5 22.4 10.0 2.9 5.7 38.2 38.1 36.7 39.1 39.3Greece . . . . . . . . 33 3,169 30.1 27.0 20.4 14.1 16.2 29.4 35.1 37.5 41.2 42.5Hungary . . . . . . . 17 1,648 (NA) (NA) 17.7 19.4 20.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) 42.0 41.0Iceland . . . . . . . . 2 7,191 14.3 8.9 2.7 0.5 4.5 29.2 28.4 31.4 31.3 30.9Ireland . . . . . . . . 19 5,451 6.3 5.6 7.3 7.9 11.1 33.8 36.4 35.2 36.4 37.5Italy . . . . . . . . . . 424 7,416 13.6 10.4 11.7 7.2 0.7 30.2 34.5 39.1 43.8 41.7Japan . . . . . . . . . 1,304 10,434 9.6 3.6 -3.3 0.6 -2.5 25.4 27.6 31.3 29.1 27.8Luxembourg . . . . 6 16,271 8.8 5.9 6.9 15.1 10.7 46.3 46.7 43.6 44.3 45.0Mexico . . . . . . . . 71 764 35.3 27.8 21.2 12.2 8.0 17.4 18.3 18.6 19.7 18.8Netherlands . . . . . 154 9,983 5.9 11.2 3.4 4.3 1.2 45.0 44.1 44.6 47.7 45.9New Zealand . . . . 19 5,434 -0.7 -3.8 4.2 8.3 8.3 32.9 33.3 37.6 35.6 37.0Norway . . . . . . . . 51 11,706 7.0 5.7 0.8 2.9 8.4 47.1 47.6 41.8 40.2 41.2Poland . . . . . . . . 40 1,040 (NA) (NA) 46.0 50.5 37.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) 42.4 43.2Portugal . . . . . . . 29 2,902 18.5 19.4 20.5 0.1 11.3 25.2 27.8 31.0 31.4 33.0Spain . . . . . . . . . 173 4,410 10.7 10.6 11.5 0.1 8.6 24.1 28.8 34.4 35.0 35.8Sweden . . . . . . . 101 11,481 10.6 2.8 -5.4 -1.4 7.3 48.8 50.0 55.6 50.1 51.0Switzerland . . . . . 87 12,464 7.3 4.4 4.6 5.6 4.6 30.8 32.0 31.5 33.2 33.9Turkey . . . . . . . . 29 480 85.4 68.0 85.4 83.2 91.5 17.9 15.4 20.0 22.7 22.2United Kingdom . . 348 5,968 7.5 2.5 2.2 0.4 7.8 35.3 37.9 36.4 33.4 34.1United States . . . 1,885 7,234 4.9 3.5 4.3 6.5 8.0 26.9 26.0 26.7 27.0 27.6

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Change from previous year. 2 Prior to 1991, data are for former West Germany.

No. 1359. Percent Distribution of Tax Receipts, by Country: 1980 to 1994

COUNTRY Total 1

INCOME AND PROFITSTAXES 2

SOCIAL SECURITYCONTRIBUTIONS

TAXES ON GOODS ANDSERVICES 5

Total 3 Indi-vidual

Corpo-rate Total 4 Employ-

eesEmploy-ers Total 3

Generalcon-sump-tion

taxes 6

Taxes onspecificgoods,serv-ices 7

United States: 1980 . . . . . . 100.0 47.0 39.1 10.8 26.2 9.2 11.9 16.6 7.0 8.31990 . . . . . 100.0 43.2 37.7 7.7 29.5 11.0 13.4 16.5 8.0 7.11994 . . . . . 100.0 44.6 35.7 8.9 25.5 10.8 13.3 17.9 7.9 7.9

Canada: 1980. . . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.6 34.1 11.6 10.5 3.7 6.6 32.6 11.5 13.01990 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.8 41.0 7.0 14.4 4.4 9.7 26.0 14.4 9.51994 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 44.4 37.2 6.6 16.9 5.5 11.1 26.3 15.5 8.7

France: 1980 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 18.1 12.9 5.1 42.7 11.1 28.4 30.4 21.1 8.41990 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 17.2 11.8 5.3 44.1 13.2 27.2 28.4 18.8 8.71994 . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 17.7 14.0 3.7 43.4 13.3 26.8 27.1 17.2 9.1

Germany 8: 1980. . . . . . . . 100.0 35.1 29.6 5.5 34.3 15.3 18.4 27.1 16.6 9.31990 . . . . . . . 100.0 32.4 27.6 4.8 37.5 16.2 19.1 26.7 16.6 9.21994 . . . . . . . 100.0 29.4 26.5 2.9 39.1 17.1 19.9 28.7 18.1 9.5

Italy: 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 31.1 23.1 7.8 38.0 6.9 28.4 26.5 15.6 9.71990 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 36.5 26.3 10.0 32.9 6.3 23.6 28.0 14.7 10.61994 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 34.7 25.4 8.9 31.2 6.6 20.8 28.3 15.4 10.6

Japan: 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 46.1 24.3 21.8 29.1 10.2 14.8 16.3 - 14.11990 . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.3 26.8 21.6 29.2 11.0 15.0 13.2 4.3 7.31994 . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 37.7 22.8 14.8 35.1 13.5 18.0 15.5 5.3 8.2

Netherlands: 1980 . . . . . . . 100.0 32.8 26.3 6.6 38.1 15.7 17.8 25.2 15.8 7.31990 . . . . . . . 100.0 32.2 24.7 7.5 37.4 23.1 7.5 26.4 16.5 7.51994 . . . . . . . 100.0 27.5 20.3 7.3 42.1 27.3 6.5 25.8 14.7 8.6

Sweden: 1980 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 43.5 41.0 2.5 28.8 0.1 27.6 24.0 13.4 9.21990 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 41.6 38.5 3.1 27.2 0.1 26.0 25.0 14.9 9.21994 . . . . . . . . . 100.0 42.4 36.7 5.4 27.2 1.9 24.6 25.8 15.9 9.3

United Kingdom: 1980 . . . . 100.0 38.2 29.8 8.3 16.6 6.7 9.5 29.2 14.4 13.11990 . . . . 100.0 39.3 28.5 10.8 17.1 6.5 9.9 30.9 16.6 12.71994 . . . . 100.0 35.7 27.6 8.0 18.0 7.3 10.0 35.3 19.8 13.8

- Represents zero. 1 Includes property taxes, employer payroll taxes other than Social Security contributions, andmiscellaneous taxes, not shown separately. 2 Includes taxes on capital gains. 3 Includes other taxes not shown separately.4 Includes contributions of self-employed not shown separately. 5 Taxes on the production, sales, transfer, leasing, and deliveryof goods and services and rendering of services. 6 Primary value-added and sales taxes. 7 For example, excise taxes onalcohol, tobacco, and gasoline. 8 Prior to 1990, data are for former West Germany.

Source of tables 1358 and 1359: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Revenue Statisticsof OECD Member Countries, annual (copyright).


No. 1360. Civilian Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment, by Country:1980 to 1995

[Data based on U.S. labor force definitions (see source) except that minimum age for population base varies as follows: United States,France, Sweden, and United Kingdom, 16 years; Australia, Canada, Japan, Netherlands, Germany, and Italy (beginning 1993), 15years; and Italy (prior to 1993) 14 years]

YEAR UnitedStates

Aus-tralia Canada France Ger-

many 1 Italy Japan Nether-lands Sweden

UnitedKing-dom

Civilian labor force (mil.):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.9 6.7 12.0 22.9 27.3 21.1 55.7 5.9 4.3 26.51985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.5 7.3 13.1 23.6 28.0 21.8 58.8 6.2 4.4 27.21990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2125.8 8.4 14.3 24.3 29.4 22.7 63.0 6.7 24.6 28.51993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.2 8.6 14.7 24.6 330.0 2 322.8 65.5 7.1 4.4 28.31994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131.1 8.8 14.8 24.8 329.8 322.6 65.8 7.2 4.4 328.31995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.3 9.0 14.9 24.8 329.7 322.7 66.0 7.3 4.5 328.2

Labor force participation rate: 41980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 62.1 64.6 57.5 54.7 48.2 62.6 55.4 66.9 62.51985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 61.6 65.8 56.8 54.7 47.2 62.3 55.5 66.9 62.11990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.5 64.6 67.3 56.0 55.3 47.2 62.6 56.3 267.4 63.71993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 63.6 65.5 55.6 354.2 2 348.1 63.3 58.6 64.5 62.81994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.6 63.9 65.3 355.5 353.7 347.5 63.1 58.9 63.8 362.61995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 64.6 64.8 355.3 353.1 347.6 62.9 359.7 364.3 362.2

Civilian employment (mil.):1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 6.3 11.1 21.4 26.5 20.2 54.6 5.5 4.2 24.71985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.2 6.7 11.7 21.2 26.0 20.5 57.3 5.6 4.3 24.21990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2118.8 7.9 13.2 22.1 28.0 21.1 61.7 6.2 24.5 26.61993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.3 7.7 13.0 21.7 328.2 2 320.4 63.8 6.6 4.0 25.31994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2123.1 7.9 13.3 21.7 327.9 320.1 63.9 6.6 4.0 325.61995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.9 8.2 13.5 21.9 327.7 320.0 63.9 6.8 4.1 325.7

Employment-population ratio: 51980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 58.3 59.7 53.8 53.1 46.1 61.3 52.1 65.6 58.11985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 56.5 58.9 50.9 50.7 44.4 60.6 50.1 65.0 55.11990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.8 60.1 61.9 50.9 52.6 43.9 61.3 52.8 266.1 59.21993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 56.6 58.2 49.0 351.1 2 343.1 61.7 54.8 58.5 56.21994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.5 57.7 58.5 48.7 350.2 342.1 61.3 54.6 57.6 356.51995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 59.1 58.6 348.8 349.7 341.8 60.9 355.4 358.4 356.7

Unemployment rate:1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.1 7.5 6.5 2.8 4.4 2.0 6.0 2.0 7.01985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 8.3 10.5 10.5 7.2 6.0 2.6 9.6 2.8 11.21990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 6.9 8.1 9.1 5.0 7.0 2.1 6.2 21.8 7.01993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 10.9 11.2 11.8 35.7 2 310.2 2.5 6.6 9.3 10.51994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 9.7 10.4 12.3 36.5 311.3 2.9 7.2 9.6 39.61995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.5 9.5 11.7 36.5 312.0 3.2 7.3 9.1 38.8Under 25 years old . . . . . . 12.1 15.4 15.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) 6.2 (NA) 19.9 (NA)Teenagers 6 . . . . . . . . . 17.3 20.6 18.5 (NA) (NA) (NA) 8.4 (NA) 21.1 (NA)20 to 24 years old . . . . . 9.1 12.0 13.7 (NA) (NA) (NA) 5.7 (NA) 19.5 (NA)

25 years old and over . . . . 4.3 6.6 8.3 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2.7 (NA) 7.7 (NA)

NA Not available. 1 Former West Germany. 2 Break in series. Data not comparable with prior years. 3 Preliminary.4 Civilian labor force as a percent of the civilian working age population. Germany and Japan include the institutionalized populationas part of the working age population. 5 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian working age population. Germany andJapan include the institutionalized population as part of the working age population. 6 16 to 19 years old in the United States andSweden, and 15 to 19 years old in Canada, Australia, and Japan.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Comparative Labor Force Statistics for Ten Countries, 1959-1995, June 1996, andMonthly Labor Review.

No. 1361. Unemployment Rates, by Country: 1994 to 1996[Annual averages. The standardized unemployment rates shown here are calculated as the number of unemployed persons as apercentage of the civilian labor force. The unemployed are persons of working age who, in the reference period, are without work,available for work and have taken specific steps to find work]

COUNTRY 1994 1995 1996

OECD, total . . . . . 7.9 7.5 7.6European Union . . . 11.1 10.8 10.9

United States . . . . . 6.1 5.6 5.4Australia . . . . . . . . 9.8 8.6 8.6Austria . . . . . . . . . (NA) 3.9 4.4Belgium . . . . . . . . 10.0 9.9 9.8Canada. . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.5 9.7Denmark . . . . . . . . 8.2 7.1 6.0Finland . . . . . . . . . 17.9 16.6 15.7France . . . . . . . . . 12.3 11.7 12.4Germany. . . . . . . . 8.4 8.2 9.0

COUNTRY 1994 1995 1996

Ireland . . . . . . . . . 14.3 12.4 12.3Italy . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 11.9 12.0Japan . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.1 3.4Luxembourg . . . . . 3.2 2.9 3.1Netherlands . . . . . . 7.1 6.9 6.3New Zealand . . . . . 8.1 6.3 6.1Norway . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.0 (NA)Portugal . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.3 7.3Spain . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 22.9 22.2Sweden . . . . . . . . 9.8 9.2 10.0Switzerland . . . . . . 3.6 3.3 (NA)United Kingdom . . . 9.6 8.8 8.2

NA Not available.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD News Release, StandardizedUnemployment Rates, 15 April 1997.

Labor Force 845

No. 1362. Civilian Employment-Population Ratio and Females as Percent of TotalCivilian Employment, by Country: 1980 to 1995

[See headnote, table 1360]

COUNTRY

CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT-POPULATION RATIO 1CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT,

PERCENT FEMALEWomen Men

1980 1985 1990 1995 1980 1985 1990 1995 1980 1985 1990 1995

United States . . 47.7 50.4 254.3 255.6 72.0 70.9 272.0 270.8 42.4 44.1 245.2 246.1Australia . . . . . . 41.9 42.9 49.3 50.3 75.1 70.4 71.2 68.1 36.4 38.4 41.5 43.1Canada . . . . . . 46.7 49.2 54.0 52.1 73.1 69.0 70.1 65.5 39.6 42.4 44.4 45.2France . . . . . . . 40.3 40.5 41.6 340.6 68.9 62.4 61.3 358.0 39.5 42.0 43.0 343.7Germany 4 . . . . 38.9 237.6 40.9 3 541.2 69.9 265.8 65.6 3 560.0 39.2 239.5 41.0 3 542.8Italy . . . . . . . . . 27.9 27.8 29.2 2 328.4 66.0 62.5 60.0 2 356.5 31.7 32.8 34.7 2 335.3Japan . . . . . . . 45.7 46.3 48.0 47.7 77.9 75.9 75.4 75.0 38.4 39.4 40.3 40.3Sweden . . . . . . 58.0 59.7 261.8 54.9 73.6 70.5 270.6 62.2 45.2 47.2 247.8 48.1United Kingdom . 44.8 44.3 49.6 3 549.0 72.8 67.0 69.7 3 564.7 40.4 42.0 43.5 3 545.0

1 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian working age population. 2 Break in series. Data not comparable with prioryears. 3 Preliminary. 4 Former West Germany. 5 1994 data.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Comparative Labor Force Statistics for Ten Countries, 1959-1995, June 1996 andMonthly Labor Review.

No. 1363. Female Labor Force Participation Rates, by Country: 1984 and 1994[In percent . Female labor force of all ages divided by female population 15-64 years old]

COUNTRY 1984 1994

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 70.5Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.8 63.4Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.5 62.1Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.7 255.1Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 67.8Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 65.6Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.8 73.8Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.9 69.9France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 59.6Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.3 61.8Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 44.6Hungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 53.0Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 80.0Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 47.2Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 42.9

COUNTRY 1984 1994

Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 62.1Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.8 52.7Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 56.5Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 40.0Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 57.4New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 65.0Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 71.1Poland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 62.0Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 62.2Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 44.1Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.3 74.4Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 67.5Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 33.7United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 66.2

NA Not available. 1 1983 data. 2 1993 data. 3 Former West Germany.Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD in Figures, Statistics on the Member

Countries, annual.

No. 1364. Civilian Employment, by Industry and Country: 1990 and 1995[Data based on U.S. labor force definitions except that minimum age for population base varies as follows: United States, France,Sweden, and United Kingdom, 16 years; Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy (1995), Japan, 15 years; and Italy (1990), 14 years.For the United States and Italy the data are not comparable between 1990 and 1995. Industries based on International StandardIndustrial Classification; see text, section 31]

INDUSTRY UnitedStates

Aus-tralia Canada France Ger-

many Italy Japan Sweden UnitedKingdom

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (1,000)

1990, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,793 7,859 13,165 22,098 27,952 21,080 61,710 4,501 26,639Agriculture, forestry, fishing. . . . . . . . 3,394 440 551 1,248 965 1,879 4,270 178 567Industry 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,834 1,865 3,117 6,425 10,875 26,842 20,890 1,268 7,470Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,346 1,170 2,105 4,708 8,839 4,755 15,010 943 5,358

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,565 5,554 9,497 14,425 16,112 12,355 36,550 3,056 18,603

1995, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,900 8,235 13,506 21,998 327,905 19,974 63,900 4,044 325,163Agriculture, forestry, fishing. . . . . . . . 3,592 412 555 1,015 3786 1,482 3,510 143 3565Industry 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,788 1,805 2,957 5,564 39,719 26,488 21,160 1,011 36,391Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,493 1,117 2,061 (NA) (NA) (NA) 14,520 770 (NA)

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,520 6,018 9,994 15,419 317,399 12,003 39,230 2,891 318,206

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

1990, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Agriculture, forestry, fishing. . . . . . . . 3 6 4 6 3 9 7 4 2Industry 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 24 24 29 39 232 34 28 28Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 15 16 21 32 23 24 21 20

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 71 72 65 58 59 59 68 701995, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 3100 100 100 100 3100

Agriculture, forestry, fishing. . . . . . . . 3 5 4 5 33 7 6 3 32Industry 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 22 22 25 335 233 33 25 325Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 14 15 (NA) (NA) (NA) 23 19 (NA)

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 73 74 70 362 60 61 72 372

NA Not available. 1 Includes mining and construction. 2 Public utilities included in industry. 3 1994 data.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity and Technology, Comparative Labor Force Statistics, August

1996.


No. 1365. Index of Industrial Production, by Country: 1980 to 1996[Industrial production index measures output in the manufacturing, mining, and electric and gas utilities industries.

Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

COUNTRYINDEX (1990=100) ANNUAL PERCENT CHANGE

1980 1985 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

OECD, total . . . . . 78.9 86.3 99.6 99.4 98.8 102.9 106.1 108.1 -0.2 -0.6 4.1 3.1 1.9Australia . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 97.8 100.4 105.8 105.5 108.8 (NA) 2.7 5.4 -0.3 3.1Austria . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 82.5 101.9 100.5 99.0 102.4 107.9 (NA) -1.4 -1.5 3.4 5.4 (NA)Belgium . . . . . . . . . 82.1 85.5 98.0 98.0 92.9 94.6 98.6 99.1 - -5.2 1.8 4.2 0.5Canada 1 . . . . . . . . 81.5 94.5 95.8 96.9 101.2 108.3 112.0 113.9 1.1 4.4 7.0 3.4 1.7Finland. . . . . . . . . . 75.3 87.8 90.3 92.4 97.2 108.3 116.4 120.7 2.3 5.2 11.4 7.5 3.7France . . . . . . . . . . 89.2 89.3 98.9 98.9 93.9 97.4 99.4 100.0 - -5.1 3.7 2.1 0.6Germany 2 . . . . . . . 83.0 85.6 103.6 101.0 93.6 96.9 98.9 99.0 -2.5 -7.3 3.5 2.1 0.1Greece. . . . . . . . . . 90.8 98.2 98.6 97.4 95.4 96.3 98.5 98.6 -1.2 -2.1 0.9 2.3 0.1Ireland . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 69.5 103.3 112.7 119.0 133.2 158.3 170.9 9.1 5.6 11.9 18.8 8.0Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.5 84.8 99.1 97.8 95.7 101.7 107.9 104.8 -1.3 -2.1 6.3 6.1 -2.9Japan . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 79.8 101.9 96.0 92.0 93.1 96.2 98.8 -5.8 -4.2 1.2 3.3 2.7Luxembourg . . . . . . 69.7 84.7 100.1 99.3 95.2 100.9 102.3 100.6 -0.8 -4.1 6.0 1.4 -1.7Mexico 3 . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 106.5 108.2 113.4 104.6 115.5 (NA) 1.6 4.8 -7.8 10.4Netherlands . . . . . . 86.8 91.7 101.7 101.6 100.3 104.6 106.7 110.2 -0.1 -1.3 4.3 2.0 3.3Norway. . . . . . . . . . 58.3 79.0 102.1 108.6 112.1 120.0 127.2 134.1 6.4 3.2 7.0 6.0 5.4Portugal . . . . . . . . . 62.8 73.9 100.0 97.7 95.2 95.0 99.4 100.8 -2.3 -2.6 -0.2 4.6 1.4Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 83.3 86.1 99.3 96.5 92.0 98.7 103.3 102.6 -2.8 -4.7 7.3 4.7 -0.7Sweden 4 . . . . . . . . 82.5 91.5 94.9 93.5 94.3 105.5 115.1 117.5 -1.5 0.9 11.9 9.1 2.1Switzerland 5 . . . . . . 82.0 84.8 100.8 99.0 97.0 102.0 104.0 103.0 -1.8 -2.0 5.2 2.0 -1.0United Kingdom . . . . 81.6 88.2 96.4 96.3 98.4 103.4 105.9 107.3 -0.1 2.2 5.1 2.4 1.3United States . . . . . 79.3 89.0 98.0 101.1 104.6 109.8 113.4 116.5 3.2 3.4 5.0 3.3 2.7

- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. 1 Gross domestic product in industry at factor cost and 1986 prices.2 1980-90 former West Germany; later data use 1990 annual average data for West Germany as base year. 3 Includesconstruction. 4 Mining and manufacturing. 5 Excludes mining and quarrying.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Main Economic Indicators, HistoricalStatistics, 1969-1988, 1990; and Main Economic Indicators, monthly (copyright).

No. 1366. Patents, by Country: 1994[Includes only U.S. patents granted to residents of areas outside of the United States and its territories]

COUNTRY Total 1 Inven-tions

De-signs

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,346 45,610 3,397

Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,508 22,384 1,056Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,990 6,732 208France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,984 2,779 182United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,468 2,234 186Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,379 2,008 360Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,814 1,443 368Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,360 1,215 142Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,244 1,169 73

COUNTRY Total 1 Inven-tions

De-signs

Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008 943 65Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999 853 83Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 706 93Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 467 91Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 351 30Israel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 350 24Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 312 29Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 289 25Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 207 93Other countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,479 1,168 289

1 Includes patents for botanical plants and reissues, not shown separately.Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Technology Assessment and Forecast Data Base.

No. 1367. World’s 500 Largest Corporations, by Country: 1995


Industrial Production—Patents—Large Corporations 847

No. 1368. Selected Indexes of Manufacturing Activity, by Country: 1980 to 1995[1992=100. Data relate to employees (wage and salary earners) in Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, andto all employed persons (employees and self-employed workers) in the other countries. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease. For expla-nation of average annual percent change, see Guide to Tabular Presentation]

INDEX UnitedStates

Cana-da Japan Bel-

gium France Ger-many 1 Italy Neth-

erlandsNor-way

Swe-den

UnitedKing-dom

Output per hour:1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 78.5 63.9 64.5 70.5 77.0 64.0 70.0 75.2 74.0 54.91985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.7 94.1 77.3 86.3 83.8 88.6 81.5 89.8 90.4 87.1 71.91990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.7 95.8 95.4 96.9 99.1 98.2 92.8 98.6 96.8 95.0 90.11993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.6 101.7 100.5 104.1 101.8 100.7 104.5 102.1 100.4 106.7 105.61994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.8 106.2 101.2 110.0 110.4 107.3 106.9 112.1 102.2 116.1 108.71995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 107.3 107.0 111.0 113.7 110.6 111.2 115.9 103.1 122.0 107.9Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.4 3.5 6.1 3.0 2.1 4.9 4.4 2.9 3.0 4.41985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.4 4.3 2.3 3.4 2.1 2.6 1.9 1.4 1.8 4.61990-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.4 3.7 3.3 1.3 5.1 3.7

Compensation per hour,national currency basis: 21980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 50.2 58.6 52.5 41.4 53.7 27.9 64.8 38.5 37.4 33.91985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.3 74.6 72.5 74.1 73.8 70.0 60.1 82.0 62.7 58.3 54.91990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.9 91.3 90.7 89.6 91.8 89.0 84.0 90.8 92.3 87.6 83.51993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 100.0 104.6 105.0 103.6 106.0 107.1 103.8 101.5 98.0 106.61994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.1 102.2 106.8 108.4 106.2 111.1 106.4 107.1 104.8 101.0 109.91995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.0 103.8 110.3 112.0 107.9 116.5 109.7 109.9 109.4 107.3 111.0Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.7 4.7 7.8 12.7 5.9 16.7 4.9 10.0 9.6 11.81985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 4.6 3.9 4.5 4.9 6.9 2.1 8.1 8.5 8.71990-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 2.6 4.0 4.6 3.3 5.5 5.5 3.9 3.4 4.1 5.9

Real hourly compensation: 2 3

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 95.7 75.4 86.6 80.8 74.5 78.8 87.9 84.9 87.5 70.51985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 99.4 81.4 87.1 91.0 80.5 88.9 90.7 89.8 87.1 80.51990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.6 97.8 95.3 94.8 97.4 95.9 94.3 96.5 97.7 97.4 91.71993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 98.2 103.2 102.2 101.6 102.1 102.8 101.3 99.2 95.4 105.01994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.5 100.2 104.7 103.1 102.4 103.9 98.2 101.7 101.1 96.1 105.61995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.4 99.6 108.2 105.0 102.3 106.9 96.1 102.5 103.0 97.9 103.1Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.8 2.2 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.6 -0.5 2.61985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 -0.3 3.2 1.7 1.4 3.6 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.61990-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.4 2.6 2.0 1.0 2.2 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.1 2.4

Unit labor costs, national currency:1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 63.9 91.7 81.4 58.7 69.7 43.7 92.6 51.2 50.5 61.71985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.8 79.3 93.8 85.9 88.1 79.0 73.8 91.3 69.4 67.0 76.41990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 95.2 95.0 92.5 92.7 90.7 90.5 92.1 95.4 92.3 92.61993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.8 98.3 104.1 100.9 101.8 105.3 102.5 101.7 101.1 91.8 101.01994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 96.2 105.6 98.6 96.2 103.5 99.5 95.5 102.6 86.9 101.11995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 96.8 103.1 100.9 94.9 105.3 98.6 94.9 106.1 87.9 102.9Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 6.1 1.2 1.6 9.5 3.8 11.2 0.5 6.9 6.4 7.11985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 3.7 0.3 1.5 1.0 2.8 4.2 0.2 6.6 6.6 3.91990-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.3 1.6 1.8 0.5 3.0 1.7 0.6 2.1 -1.0 2.1

Unit labor costs, U.S. dollar basis: 41980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 66.1 51.5 89.6 73.7 60.0 62.9 82.0 64.5 69.6 81.31985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.8 70.1 49.9 46.5 51.9 41.9 47.6 48.4 50.2 45.4 56.21990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 98.6 83.1 88.9 90.1 87.6 93.0 88.9 94.8 90.8 93.51993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.8 92.1 118.8 93.8 95.1 99.4 80.3 96.2 88.5 68.6 85.91994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 85.1 131.0 94.8 91.8 99.7 76.1 92.4 90.4 65.6 87.71995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 85.2 139.1 110.1 100.8 114.9 74.6 104.0 104.0 71.7 91.9Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.4 -0.3 -9.7 -3.4 -4.1 -3.2 -7.6 -2.1 -5.2 -1.31985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 7.1 10.8 13.8 11.6 15.9 14.3 12.9 13.6 14.9 10.71990-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 -2.9 10.9 4.4 2.3 5.6 -4.3 3.2 1.9 -4.6 -0.3

Employment:1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.6 110.5 87.4 120.9 124.7 102.2 126.4 107.0 135.6 130.9 159.01985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.0 105.6 91.9 104.6 110.0 94.9 105.4 94.5 121.8 122.0 123.31990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.5 111.6 95.8 102.5 105.1 100.3 106.8 101.1 105.4 117.2 116.21993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.1 101.4 97.9 94.6 95.3 94.0 94.3 96.3 101.8 92.6 96.51994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.3 103.5 95.9 91.1 92.7 89.3 94.1 92.2 105.0 94.2 97.01995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.2 106.0 93.2 93.8 92.7 87.3 92.9 91.0 107.7 97.5 99.3Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.4 -0.8 1.2 -2.7 -2.3 -1.1 -2.9 -2.3 -1.8 -1.2 -4.91985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 1.1 0.8 -0.4 -0.9 1.1 0.3 1.4 -2.9 -0.8 -1.21990-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 -1.0 -0.5 -1.8 -2.5 -2.8 -2.8 -2.1 0.4 -3.6 -3.1

Aggregate hours:1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 109.5 93.8 121.4 131.5 110.7 123.0 111.0 136.5 124.0 160.31985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.7 104.8 98.4 103.0 108.9 99.6 101.4 95.8 121.5 119.4 125.11990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.9 110.8 100.9 104.3 104.5 101.0 108.2 101.6 103.7 116.4 118.01993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.4 103.0 95.6 93.2 94.5 90.9 92.4 96.3 102.1 94.9 96.01994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.8 106.2 93.7 92.2 91.8 86.8 94.8 92.2 105.7 99.6 97.21995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.9 109.1 91.7 94.1 91.9 84.4 96.4 91.3 107.8 104.1 100.1Average annual percent change:1979-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.2 -0.9 1.1 -3.3 -3.3 -1.8 -3.1 -2.5 -1.9 -0.8 -5.31985-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1.1 0.5 0.2 -0.8 0.3 1.3 1.2 -3.1 -0.5 -1.21990-95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 -0.3 -1.9 -2.0 -2.5 -3.5 -2.3 -2.1 0.8 -2.2 -3.2

- Represents or rounds to zero. 1 Former West Germany. 2 Compensation includes, but real hourly compensationexcludes, adjustments for payroll and employment taxes that are not compensation to employees, but are labor costs to employers.3 Index of hourly compensation divided by the index of consumer prices to adjust for changes in purchasing power. 4 Indexesin national currency adjusted for changes in prevailing exchange rates.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, unpublished data.


No. 1369. Indexes of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers inManufacturing, by Country: 1980 to 1996

[United States=100. Compensation costs include all pay made directly to the worker—pay for time worked and not worked (eg.leave, except sick leave), other direct pay, employer expenditures for legally required insurance programs and contractual andprivate benefit plans, and for some countries, other labor taxes. Data adjusted for exchange rates. Area averages aretrade-weighted to account for difference in countries’ relative importance to U.S. trade in manufactured goods. The trade weightsused are the sum of U.S. imports of manufactured products for consumption (customs value) and U.S. domestic exports ofmanufactured products (f.a.s. value) in 1992; see source for detail]

AREA OR COUNTRY 1980 1985 1990 1994 1995 1996

United States . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 100Total 1 . . . . . . . . 67 52 83 89 95 91

OECD 2 . . . . . . . . . . 74 57 90 96 103 98Europe . . . . . . . . . . . 101 61 116 114 128 125Asian newly industrial-izing economies 3 . . . 12 13 25 34 37 39Canada. . . . . . . . . . . 88 84 106 94 93 94Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . 22 12 11 15 9 8Australia 4 . . . . . . . . . 86 63 88 83 88 93Hong Kong 5 . . . . . . . 15 13 21 27 28 29Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 31 57 54 61 62Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 49 86 125 138 119Korea, South . . . . . . . 10 9 25 38 43 46New Zealand . . . . . . . 54 34 56 53 59 62Singapore . . . . . . . . . 15 19 25 37 43 47Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 3 3 (NA)Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . 10 12 26 33 34 33

AREA OR COUNTRY 1980 1985 1990 1994 1995 1996

Austria 6 . . . . . . . . . . 90 58 119 128 148 141Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . 133 69 129 138 156 147Denmark . . . . . . . . . . 110 62 120 121 141 137Finland 7 . . . . . . . . . . 83 63 141 113 144 138France . . . . . . . . . . . 91 58 102 101 113 109Germany 6 8. . . . . . . . 125 74 147 159 185 180Greece . . . . . . . . . . . 38 28 45 45 52 (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . 60 46 79 75 80 80Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 59 119 95 96 102Luxembourg. . . . . . . . 121 59 110 119 134 (NA)Netherlands . . . . . . . . 122 67 123 124 141 132Norway . . . . . . . . . . . 117 80 144 124 142 141Portugal . . . . . . . . . . 21 12 25 27 31 (NA)Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 36 76 68 74 75Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . 127 74 140 112 126 138Switzerland . . . . . . . . 112 74 140 148 170 160United Kingdom . . . . . 77 48 85 76 80 80

NANot available. 1 The028 foreign economies shown below. 2 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development;see text, section 30. 3 Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. 4 Includes non-production workers, except inmanagerial, executive, professional, and higher supervisory positions. 5 Average of selected manufacturing industries.6 Excludes workers in establishments considered handicraft manufactures (including all printing and publishing and miscellaneousmanufacturing in Austria). 7 Includes workers in mining and electrical power plants. 8 Former West Germany.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, News Release USDL 97-213, June 27, 1997.

No. 1370. Manufacturing Labor Productivity Levels in Major OECD Economies: 1993

[Value added per hour worked, leader country=100 (the productivity level of the leader country in each industry is indicated inbold). Data are updated from benchmark productivity comparisons for 1987 using output and employment series from OECD’sSTAN database. The trend in total hours worked at the sectoral level is assumed to be identical to the trend for total manufacturing.A mix of industry-of-origin and expenditure purchasing power parities (PPPs) (see text, section 30) for the conversion of valueadded to a common currency were used. Industry-of-origin price comparisons were used where possible and were applied in morethan 65 percent of all cases. These price ratios are all based on price comparisons between the United States and one othercountry. Conversion factors from sector-specific private studies were used for Japan and Germany for those industries where theseestimates were available. For the other cases expenditure PPPs, adjusted for net indirect tax rates and industry-specific distributionmargins were applied. Estimates of productivity levels were derived from a combination of PPPs, hours worked, employment, andvalue added]

SECTOR UnitedStates Japan Ger-

many 1 France UnitedKingdom Canada Aus-

traliaNether-lands Sweden

Total manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 76.6 81.3 84.2 64.1 71.3 52.0 95.6 91.8Food, beverages and tobacco . . . . . . 100.0 35.6 82.6 87.0 41.7 64.3 51.1 96.6 72.8Textiles, clothing & footwear . . . . . . . 78.3 41.9 70.3 67.1 51.5 46.3 32.3 100.0 66.5Wood products & furniture . . . . . . . . 56.0 17.6 50.6 55.3 28.1 52.6 27.1 100.0 71.9Paper products & printing . . . . . . . . . 85.0 49.7 56.6 64.3 76.4 67.6 53.7 64.5 100.0Chemical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9 52.6 50.9 56.9 79.7 52.6 39.8 100.0 89.4Non-metallic mineral products . . . . . . 81.8 62.9 73.9 99.4 70.6 78.4 77.4 100.0 81.0Basic metal products . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 78.3 78.0 63.3 61.4 87.9 56.8 70.4 100.0Metal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 67.6 67.2 46.4 42.5 54.8 35.9 54.0 100.0Machinery & equipment . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 67.4 58.7 67.3 47.9 55.5 46.4 34.6 45.2Electrical machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.3 89.0 54.0 78.9 48.2 51.9 28.0 82.2 100.0Transport equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.4 100.0 82.6 85.0 47.8 71.9 45.5 41.8 49.5Other manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 41.4 39.6 31.4 43.5 33.5 22.1 27.0 47.4

1 Productivity levels are for 1992.

Source: Pilat, Dirk, ‘‘Labour Productivity Levels in OECD Countries: Estimates for Manufacturing and Selected ServiceSectors’’, Economics Department Working Papers, No. 169, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris,France, 1996 (copyright).

Manufacturing Compensation Costs—Productivity 849

No. 1371. World Production of Major Mineral Commodities: 1990 to 1995

COUNTRY Unit 1990 1993 1994 1995 Leading producers, 1994

MINERAL FUELS 1

Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. short tons. . 5,356 4,958 5,041 5,091 China, United States, RussiaDry natural gas . . . . . . . . . . Tril. cu. ft. . . . . 73.6 76.3 76.7 78.3 Russia, United States, CanadaNatural gas plant liquids 2 . . . Mil. barrels 3. . . 1,691 1,887 1,928 1,998 United States, Saudi Arabia, CanadaPetroleum, crude . . . . . . . . . Mil. barrels 3. . . 22,107 21,990 22,266 22,793 Saudi Arabia, United States, RussiaPetroleum, refined . . . . . . . . Mil. barrels 3. . . 23,791 (NA) 24,512 (NA) United States, Japan, Russia

NONMETALLIC MINERALS

Cement, hydraulic . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 1,148 1,300 1,370 1,390 China, Japan, United StatesDiamond, gem and industrial . 1,000 carats . . . 110,919 105,000 111,000 (NA) Australia, Russia, Congo (Kinshasa)Nitrogen in ammonia. . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 97.1 92.0 92.0 96.0 China, United States, IndiaPhosphate rock . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 162 120 128 137 United States, China, MoroccoPotash, marketable. . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 27.8 21.0 22.5 26.2 Canada, Germany, BelarusSalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 184 190 180 185 United States, China, GermanySulfur, elemental basis . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 58.1 52.0 51.0 52.0 United States, Canada, China

METALS

Aluminum 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 19.3 20.0 19.1 19.3 United States, Russia, CanadaBauxite, gross weight . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 108.6 110.0 107.0 109.0 Australia, Guinea, JamaicaChromite, gross weight 2 . . . . 1,000 metric tons 12,968 10,001 9,570 10,600 South Africa, Kazakstan, IndiaCopper, metal content 5. . . . . 1,000 metric tons 9,017 9,400 9,430 9,800 Chile, United States, CanadaGold, metal content . . . . . . . Metric tons. . . . 2,133 2,300 2,300 2,200 South Africa, United States, AustraliaIron ore, gross weight 6 . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 982 1,000 1,000 1,000 China, Brazil, RussiaLead, metal content 5 . . . . . . 1,000 metric tons 3,353 2,900 2,800 2,800 Australia, United States, ChinaManganese ore, gross weight . Mil. metric tons . 25.3 21.8 21.2 21.0 China, Ukraine, South AfricaNickel, metal content 5 . . . . . 1,000 metric tons 965 900 906 920 Russia, Canada, New CaledoniaSteel, crude . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. metric tons . 771 730 726 760 European Union, Japan, ChinaTin, metal content 5 . . . . . . . 1,000 metric tons 222 180 184 180 China, Indonesia, BrazilZinc, metal content 5. . . . . . . 1,000 metric tons 7,184 6,900 6,810 7,070 Australia, Canada, China

NA Not available. 1 1995 data preliminary. 2 Excludes China. 3 42-gallon barrels. 4 Unalloyed ingot metal. 5 Mineoutput. 6 Includes iron ore concentrates and iron ore agglomerates.

Source: Mineral fuels, Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual; nonmetallic minerals and metals,through 1994, U.S. Bureau of Mines, thereafter, U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals Yearbook; Annual Reports; and MineralCommodity Summaries, 1996.

No. 1372. Selected Petroleum Product Prices, by Country: 1996[Data are averages for the available time period (daily, monthly, quarterly, year) that is closest to January 1, 1996. Includes

taxes]

COUNTRY

AUTOMOTIVE FUELS(U.S. dollars per gallon)

RESIDENTIAL(U.S. dollars per gallon)

INDUSTRIAL(U.S. dollars per barrel)

Premiumgasoline Diesel fuel Light fuel oil Kerosene

Liquifiedpetroleumgases

Light fuel oil Heavy fueloil

United States . . . . . . . . 1.28 1.15 0.95 0.72 0.64 26.46 19.70

Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 3.04 1.00 0.55 1.09 1.74 (NA) (NA)Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.07 1.95 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.26 3.20 0.99 (NA) (NA) 34.33 20.93Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.15 1.41 0.75 1.49 0.78 (NA) (NA)Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.80 1.43 1.03 (NA) (NA) 27.53 15.90Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.02 1.35 0.58 1.08 1.35 (NA) (NA)France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.41 3.10 1.59 (NA) (NA) 46.73 26.07Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 4.32 3.02 1.19 (NA) (NA) 43.55 22.94Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15 2.41 1.63 (NA) (NA) 58.01 31.88India 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.25 0.92 (NA) (NA) (NA) 30.77 24.51Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.58 3.37 1.53 (NA) (NA) 46.47 27.45Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.24 3.40 3.24 (NA) (NA) 114.41 27.76Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.77 2.51 1.44 1.57 (NA) 42.57 24.25Korea, South 2. . . . . . . . 2.93 1.13 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 21.86Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 0.92 0.41 0.92 0.39 35.58 11.17Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 5.31 3.67 1.39 (NA) (NA) (NA) 27.74Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.05 4.39 1.99 (NA) (NA) 62.29 52.61Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.82 1.00 0.52 0.85 0.84 (NA) (NA)Philippines 2 . . . . . . . . . 1.38 1.08 (NA) 1.08 0.81 (NA) 17.12Russia 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.25 0.83 0.30 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Saudi Arabia 2 . . . . . . . . 10.60 0.37 0.13 0.44 (NA) 0.37 (NA)Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.32 2.66 1.28 (NA) (NA) 46.29 28.83Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.38 3.58 2.26 (NA) (NA) 37.05 30.05Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 3.71 3.80 0.94 (NA) (NA) 31.72 26.63Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.39 1.63 1.84 (NA) (NA) (NA) 26.45United Kingdom . . . . . . . 3.47 3.26 0.92 (NA) (NA) 31.39 22.23Venezuela. . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 3.85 3.81

NA Not available. 1 Regular gasoline. 2 Data for 1995.

Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual.


No. 1373. Energy Consumption and Production, by Country: 1990 and 1995

[See text, section 30, for general comments about the data. For data qualifications for countries, see source]

COUNTRY

PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMED DRY NATURALGAS

PRODUCTION(tril. cu. ft)

CRUDEPETROLEUMPRODUCTION(1,000 barrels

per day)

COALPRODUCTION(mil. short tons)Total

(quad. Btu)Per capita(mil. Btu)

1990 1995 1990 1995 1990 1995 1990 1995 1990 1995

World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.0 362.2 65 63 73.61 78.30 60,566 62,446 5,356 5,091

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.0 88.3 328 335 17.81 18.80 7,355 6,560 1,029 1,033

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.3 45 44 1.79 2.05 1,175 1,202 (Z) (Z)Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.5 56 71 0.63 0.89 483 715 (Z) (Z)Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.4 233 245 0.72 1.05 575 562 226 268Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.3 150 147 0.05 0.05 22 23 3 1Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 532 536 0.21 0.23 42 41 (NA) (NA)Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.4 2 3 0.16 0.26 1 1 (NA) (NA)Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 1.0 (X) 98 (X) 0.01 (X) 38 (NA) (NA)Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.4 216 233 (Z) (Z) (NA) (NA) 3 1Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 6.8 39 43 0.10 0.16 631 695 5 5Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.0 141 118 - (Z) 4 1 35 31Burma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.04 0.06 13 16 (Z) (Z)Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 11.7 413 396 3.85 5.60 1,553 1,805 75 83Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.7 43 51 0.07 0.07 20 11 2 2China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 35.7 24 29 0.51 0.60 2,774 2,990 1,190 1,478Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.2 30 35 0.15 0.18 440 585 23 29Congo (Kinshasa) 1 . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 29 30 (Z) (Z)Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.4 46 37 (Z) (Z) 14 26 (NA) (NA)Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 2.2 (X) 210 (X) 0.01 (X) 3 (X) 79Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.9 159 179 0.11 0.19 121 186 (NA) (NA)Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) 285 392 (NA) (NA)Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.6 27 26 0.29 0.44 873 920 (NA) (NA)Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.1 233 219 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.4 157 162 0.10 0.11 61 50 15 10Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 13.7 (X) 168 (X) 0.72 (X) 59 (X) 274Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.2 103 111 0.01 (Z) 15 9 57 64Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 85 96 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.1 120 107 0.17 0.17 40 35 19 15India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 10.5 9 11 0.40 0.66 660 703 233 311Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.1 12 16 1.53 2.23 1,462 1,503 12 41Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.9 57 64 0.84 1.24 3,088 3,643 1 2Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.3 51 61 0.15 0.11 2,040 560 (NA) (NA)Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 104 134 0.08 0.10 (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z)Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.7 96 118 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (NA) (NA)Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.4 121 127 0.61 0.71 87 93 1 (Z)Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 21.4 146 171 0.07 0.08 11 11 11 7Korea, North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.1 96 87 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 71 78Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 6.3 87 140 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 19 6Kuwait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 208 323 0.19 0.21 1,175 2,057 (NA) (NA)Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 123 103 0.22 0.22 1,375 1,390 (NA) (NA)Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.6 55 77 0.65 1.05 619 682 (Z) (Z)Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.6 57 59 0.94 0.94 2,553 2,618 7 10Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.4 13 15 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 1 1Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.8 228 244 2.69 2.98 70 66 (NA) (NA)New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.9 218 240 0.17 0.17 40 32 3 3Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.8 6 6 0.13 0.16 1,810 1,993 (Z) (Z)Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.7 373 390 0.98 1.07 1,704 2,768 (Z) (Z)Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.5 11 12 0.48 0.64 62 57 3 3Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.02 0.03 129 130 (Z) (Z)Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.0 12 13 (NA) (NA) 5 3 1 2Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 103 97 0.14 0.17 2 5 237 218Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.9 77 79 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z)Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.0 124 87 1.00 0.68 163 135 42 44Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 26.8 (X) 181 (X) 21.01 (X) 5,995 (X) 310Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.7 212 208 1.08 1.42 6,410 8,231 (NA) (NA)Serbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 0.6 (X) 58 (X) 0.03 (X) 22 (X) 44South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.5 116 134 - 0.07 - 10 193 227Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.5 100 114 0.05 0.01 16 13 40 31Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.2 251 244 (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.2 174 165 (Z) (Z) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.7 50 52 0.10 0.17 388 610 (NA) (NA)Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.7 100 126 0.08 0.03 3 1 1 (Z)Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (NA) (X) (NA) (X) (Z) (X) 1 (X) (Z)Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 2.0 22 33 0.21 0.37 44 51 14 19Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.18 0.27 150 131 (NA) (NA)Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.01 0.01 93 89 (NA) (NA)Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.5 34 41 0.01 0.01 73 67 52 60Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 6.3 (X) 122 (X) 0.62 (X) 65 (X) 91United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.6 735 817 0.78 1.06 2,117 2,279 (NA) (NA)United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 9.9 163 169 1.75 2.66 1,820 2,489 106 52Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.5 108 117 0.76 0.93 2,137 2,750 2 5Vietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.5 4 7 (Z) 0.05 50 173 5 7

- Represents zero. NA Not available. X Not applicable. Z Less than 5 bil. cu. ft, 500 barrels per day, or 500,000 shorttons. 1 See footnote 3, table 1334.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual.

Energy Consumption and Production 851

No. 1374. World Food Production, by Commodity: 1990 to 1996

[In millions of metric tons ]

COMMODITY 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996,prel.

Grains, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,766.7 1,706.1 1,787.5 1,712.2 1,760.6 1,708.2 1,858.5Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.0 542.2 561.8 559.3 524.6 537.9 583.0Coarse grains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826.5 809.1 869.9 797.3 871.2 798.7 901.6Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480.7 492.0 532.0 474.7 570.4 514.7 576.8

Rice, milled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.2 354.8 355.8 355.5 364.9 371.5 381.2

Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 60.6 61.1 63.1 69.4 72.4 73.4Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.4 103.3 114.2 115.1 136.2 125.8 130.3Rapeseed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 27.9 26.8 26.5 29.8 34.5 30.4

Pulses 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 53.2 50.8 55.7 57.0 56.0 56.6Vegetables and melons 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.5 472.3 491.6 520.4 545.7 565.6 557.3Fruits 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.1 354.4 382.6 388.0 392.2 403.8 414.2Nuts 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.0

Red meat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3 117.7 117.3 118.2 123.2 128.2 132.1Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 39.6 38.0 40.0 43.2 47.0 49.9Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.0 385.2 379.9 380.7 381.9 384.7 384.7

1 Data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2 Edible seeds of peas, beans, lentils and similarcrops.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Outlook, monthly.

No. 1375. Fisheries—Commercial Catch, by Country: 1990 to 1994[In thousands of metric tons, live weight. Catch of fish, crustaceans, mollusks (including weight of shells). Does not includemarine mammals and aquatic plants. Countries shown had a commercial catch of one million metric tons or more in 1994]

COUNTRY 1990 1992 1993 1994

World 1 . . . . . 97,854 99,349 102,184 109,585Canada. . . . . . . . . 1,626 1,276 1,172 1,011Chile . . . . . . . . . . 5,195 6,502 6,037 7,841China . . . . . . . . . . 12,095 15,007 17,568 20,719Denmark . . . . . . . . 1,518 1,996 1,656 1,887Iceland . . . . . . . . . 1,508 1,577 1,718 1,560India. . . . . . . . . . . 3,794 4,232 4,338 4,540Indonesia . . . . . . . 3,044 3,440 3,676 3,954Japan . . . . . . . . . . 10,354 8,502 8,128 7,363Korea, North (est.) . 1,753 1,778 1,780 1,800

COUNTRY 1990 1992 1993 1994

Korea, South . . . . . 1,745 2,561 2,562 2,551Mexico . . . . . . . . . 1,401 1,248 1,201 1,260Norway . . . . . . . . . 1,745 2,561 2,562 2,551Peru. . . . . . . . . . . 6,875 6,871 8,452 11,587Philippines. . . . . . . 2,210 2,272 2,264 2,276Russia . . . . . . . . . 7,808 5,611 4,461 3,781Spain . . . . . . . . . . 1,380 1,320 1,290 1,380Thailand . . . . . . . . 2,786 3,240 3,331 3,432United States . . . . 5,868 5,599 5,948 5,941Vietnam . . . . . . . . 960 1,080 1,100 1,150

1 Includes other countries, not shown separately.

Source: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries of the UnitedStates, annual. Data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

No. 1376. Meat Production, by Country: 1990 to 1996[In thousands of metric tons, carcass weight . Covers beef and veal (incl. buffalo meat), pork (incl. bacon and ham), mutton andlamb (incl. goat meat), horsemeat, and poultry. Refers to meat from animals slaughtered within the national boundaries irrespectiveof origin of animals, and relates to commercial and farm slaughter. Excludes lard, tallow, and edible offals. See text, section 30,for general comments concerning the data]

COUNTRY 1990 1995 1996

World 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178,775 209,250 212,030Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,290 3,459 3,398Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,709 10,486 10,969China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,073 54,286 56,572France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,744 6,312 6,326Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,259 5,748 5,846India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,829 4,272 4,295

COUNTRY 1990 1995 1996

Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,948 3,985 3,985Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,503 3,242 3,481Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,801 3,797 3,600Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 5,896 5,607Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,467 3,992 3,800United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . 3,319 3,656 3,424United States . . . . . . . . . . 28,610 33,582 34,506

X Not applicable. 1 Includes other countries, not shown separately.

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, FAOSTAT database.


No. 1377. Wheat, Rice, and Corn Production, by Country: 1990 to 1995

[In thousands of metric tons. Rice data cover paddy. Data for each country pertain to the calendar year in which all or mostof the crop was harvested. See text, section 30, for general comments concerning quality of the data]

COUNTRYWHEAT RICE CORN

1990 1994 1995 1990 1994 1995 1990 1994 1995

World . . . . . . . . . . 592,589 526,676 543,457 519,407 537,053 553,415 477,090 570,073 516,373Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 10,992 11,306 9,185 428 608 926 5,047 10,360 11,404Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,066 9,036 17,263 846 1,042 1,016 219 204 242Bangladesh. . . . . . . . . . 890 1,131 1,274 26,778 25,248 27,128 3 3 3Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,094 2,096 1,534 7,421 10,541 11,220 21,348 32,487 36,268Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 109 89 13,969 18,195 19,568 187 284 212Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,098 23,122 25,037 (X) (X) (X) 7,066 7,043 7,251China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,232 99,301 102,211 191,589 178,032 187,334 97,158 99,674 112,362Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,268 4,786 5,722 3,167 4,583 4,789 4,799 5,112 5,178France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,346 30,549 30,879 121 124 126 9,401 12,943 12,784Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 15,242 16,481 17,816 (X) (X) (X) 1,552 2,446 2,395Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,198 4,874 4,614 39 15 13 4,500 4,761 4,680India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,850 57,840 65,469 111,517 121,559 121,562 8,962 8,952 10,270Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) 45,179 46,642 49,744 6,734 6,869 8,246Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,012 10,870 11,228 1,981 2,259 2,301 130 512 545Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,109 8,166 7,996 1,291 1,316 1,284 5,864 7,320 8,446Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 565 444 13,124 14,976 13,435 1 - -Kazakstan. . . . . . . . . . . 16,197 9,052 6,490 579 283 184 442 234 136Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 1 2 10 7,722 6,882 6,343 120 89 74Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,931 4,151 3,468 394 374 367 14,635 18,236 16,187Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 35 44 2,500 2,427 2,920 5,768 6,902 7,048Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,316 15,213 17,002 4,891 5,144 5,920 1,185 1,318 1,283Philippines . . . . . . . . . . - - - 9,885 10,538 10,541 4,854 4,519 4,129Romania. . . . . . . . . . . . 7,289 6,135 7,667 67 15 24 6,810 9,343 9,923Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,596 32,129 30,118 896 523 462 2,451 892 1,739South Africa . . . . . . . . . 1,730 1,840 2,125 3 3 3 8,709 13,275 4,670Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 1 17,193 21,111 21,130 3,722 3,965 4,155Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,022 17,514 18,015 230 200 230 2,100 1,850 1,900Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,374 13,857 16,273 118 79 80 4,737 1,539 3,392United Kingdom . . . . . . . 14,033 13,314 14,310 (X) (X) (X) - - -United States . . . . . . . . 74,473 63,168 59,400 7,080 8,971 7,887 201,534 256,621 187,305

- Represents or rounds to zero. X Not applicable.

No. 1378. Wheat, Rice, and Corn—Exports and Imports of 10 Leading Countries:1990 to 1995

[In thousands of metric tons. Countries listed are the ten leading exporters or importers in 1995]

LEADING EXPORTERSEXPORTS

LEADING IMPORTERSIMPORTS

1990 1994 1995 1990 1994 1995

WHEAT WHEATUnited States . . . . . . . . 27,557 30,571 32,420 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,375 8,281 12,602Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,955 21,378 16,960 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,474 6,352 5,965France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,165 12,650 16,310 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,962 6,123 5,800Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,507 12,730 7,818 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,663 4,907 5,079Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 5,837 5,172 6,913 Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,400 6,597 5,070Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 2,153 5,524 3,682 Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . 1,724 3,297 4,054Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,120 759 2,765 Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,612 3,512 3,505United Kingdom . . . . . . . 4,460 3,494 2,669 Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,382 2,324 3,100Czechoslovakia, former . . (X) 10 1,634 Soviet Union, former . . . (X) 4,425 2,775Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,685 988 1,540 Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 2,049 2,757

RICE RICEThailand . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,017 4,859 6,198 Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . 50 630 3,158India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 891 5,512 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 517 1,646United States . . . . . . . . 2,474 2,822 3,084 Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 482 1,300Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,624 1,970 2,308 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 987 875Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 984 1,852 Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . 380 66 813Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 585 542 Korea, North. . . . . . . . . 27 60 654Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 620 524 Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . 280 434 605Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 408 462 South Africa . . . . . . . . . 306 431 511Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 934 392 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 330 341 428Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 75 217 390 Senegal. . . . . . . . . . . . 392 348 420

CORN CORNUnited States . . . . . . . . 52,172 35,877 60,240 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,008 15,930 16,580France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,195 8,010 6,474 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,440 5,601 11,702Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 2,998 4,154 6,001 Korea, South . . . . . . . . 6,158 5,749 9,035South Africa . . . . . . . . . 2,001 3,760 1,340 Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810 2,339 2,912Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 181 601 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,104 2,747 2,687Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 381 444 Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900 2,021 2,425Belgium-Luxembourg . . . 20 489 443 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 1,480 1,969 2,383Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . 742 1,280 288 Belgium-Luxembourg . . . 1,035 1,557 1,816Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 226 320 244 Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 2,012 1,981 1,590Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . 1 74 203 United Kingdom . . . . . . 1,627 1,626 1,502

X Not applicable.

Source of tables 1377 and 1378: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, FAOSTAT database.

Wheat, Rice, and Corn 853

No. 1379. United States and Foreign Stock Markets—Market Capitalization and Value ofShares Traded: 1985 to 1996

[In millions of U.S. dollars . Market capitalization is the total amount of the various securities (bonds, debentures, and stock)issued by corporations]

COUNTRYMARKET CAPITALIZATION 1 VALUE OF SHARES TRADED 2

1985 1990 1995 1996 1985 1990 1995 1996

United States . . . . . . . . 2,324,646 3,059,434 6,857,622 8,484,433 997,189 1,815,476 5,108,591 7,121,487

Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . 2,037 3,268 37,783 44,679 631 852 4,594 4,382Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,163 107,611 245,218 311,988 15,736 39,333 97,884 145,482Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,602 11,476 32,513 33,953 686 18,609 25,759 20,528Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,871 65,449 104,960 119,831 1,876 6,425 15,249 26,120Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,768 16,354 147,636 216,990 21,484 5,598 79,186 112,108Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,000 241,920 366,344 486,268 39,905 71,278 183,686 265,360Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,012 13,645 73,860 65,940 57 783 11,072 8,460China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 42,055 113,755 (NA) (NA) 49,774 256,008Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . 416 1,416 17,893 17,137 30 71 1,254 1,360Czech Republic . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 15,664 18,077 (NA) (NA) 3,630 8,431Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . 15,096 39,063 56,223 71,688 1,274 11,105 25,942 34,667Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,855 22,721 44,138 63,078 502 3,933 19,006 22,422France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,000 314,384 522,053 591,123 14,672 116,893 364,550 277,100

Germany . . . . . . . . . . . 183,765 355,073 577,365 670,997 71,572 501,805 573,549 768,745Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 15,228 17,060 24,178 17 3,924 6,091 8,283Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . 34,504 83,397 303,705 449,381 9,732 34,633 106,888 166,419India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,364 38,567 127,199 122,605 4,959 21,918 13,738 109,448Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . 117 8,081 66,585 91,016 3 3,992 14,403 32,142Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,502 148,766 209,522 258,160 13,782 42,566 86,904 102,351Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978,663 2,917,679 3,667,292 3,088,850 329,970 1,602,388 1,231,552 1,251,998Korea, South . . . . . . . . . 7,381 110,594 181,955 138,817 4,162 75,949 185,197 177,266Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . 12,658 10,456 30,443 32,692 36 87 205 534Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,229 48,611 222,729 307,179 2,335 10,871 76,822 173,568Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,815 32,725 90,694 106,540 2,360 12,212 34,377 43,040Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 59,363 119,825 356,481 378,721 16,864 40,199 248,606 339,500

New Zealand. . . . . . . . . 8,761 8,835 31,950 38,288 935 1,933 8,407 9,871Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,063 26,130 44,587 57,423 1,877 13,996 24,420 35,882Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370 2,850 9,286 10,639 236 231 3,210 6,054Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 812 11,795 12,291 38 99 3,935 3,805Philippines . . . . . . . . . . 669 5,927 58,859 80,649 111 1,216 14,727 25,519Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 9,201 18,362 24,660 5 1,687 4,233 7,147South Africa . . . . . . . . . 55,439 137,540 280,526 241,571 2,836 8,158 17,048 27,202Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,000 111,404 197,788 242,779 3,382 40,967 59,791 249,128Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,296 92,102 178,049 247,217 9,644 15,718 93,197 136,898Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 90,000 160,044 433,621 402,104 (NA) (NA) 310,928 392,783Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,432 100,710 187,206 273,608 4,899 715,005 383,099 470,193Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,856 23,896 141,507 99,828 568 22,894 57,000 44,365Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 19,065 20,772 30,020 (NA) 5,841 51,392 36,831United Kingdom . . . . . . . 328,000 848,866 1,407,737 1,740,246 68,417 278,740 510,131 578,471Venezuela. . . . . . . . . . . 1,128 8,361 3,655 10,055 31 2,232 510 1,275

NA Not available. 1 Year-end total market values of listed domestic companies. 2 Annual total turnover of listed companyshares.

Source: International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, Emerging Stock Markets Factbook, annual, (copyright).

No. 1380. Dow-Jones World Stock Index, by Country and Industry: 1993 to 1996[Index figures shown are as of December 31. Indexes based on June 30, 1982=100 for United States; December 31, 1991=100for World . Based on share prices denominated in U.S. dollars. Stocks in countries that impose significant restrictions on foreignownership are included in the world index in the same proportion that shares are available to foreign investors]

INDUSTRY 1993 1994 1995 1996

World, total . . . . . . 111.08 113.91 133.46 147.57

Americas. . . . . . . . . . . 112.18 108.53 143.61 173.40United States . . . . . . 442.19 433.07 581.43 700.56Canada . . . . . . . . . . 100.36 95.23 108.25 135.41Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 182.88 107.06 77.96 94.31

Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.08 115.70 136.54 162.41Austria . . . . . . . . . . 104.82 104.36 101.29 110.00Belgium . . . . . . . . . . 111.55 115.75 142.56 158.64Denmark . . . . . . . . . 95.73 98.16 112.42 137.26Finland . . . . . . . . . . 138.66 205.90 202.88 280.72France . . . . . . . . . . 117.78 109.17 120.03 142.38Germany . . . . . . . . . 118.94 122.57 138.24 161.41Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . 111.95 122.90 152.83 196.04Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.11 109.54 103.51 113.62Netherlands . . . . . . . 125.74 133.88 167.30 207.58Norway . . . . . . . . . . 103.12 122.41 129.21 159.87Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 94.89 89.33 114.31 149.44Sweden . . . . . . . . . . 104.06 119.43 163.14 213.88Switzerland . . . . . . . 158.28 162.99 232.62 236.03

INDUSTRY 1993 1994 1995 1996

United Kingdom . . . . 112.30 107.34 124.49 152.02Asia/Pacific . . . . . . . . . 106.76 119.39 119.80 108.93Australia . . . . . . . . . 113.29 114.89 127.90 148.78Hong Kong. . . . . . . . 270.36 184.08 223.67 299.50Indonesia. . . . . . . . . 233.92 176.25 172.48 187.42Japan . . . . . . . . . . . 95.71 116.21 114.08 95.63Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 269.99 216.69 223.08 265.49New Zealand . . . . . . 151.52 155.86 176.17 203.35Singapore . . . . . . . . 179.22 178.06 195.91 199.84Thailand . . . . . . . . . 243.90 207.44 196.76 126.66

Basic materials. . . . . . . 109.04 124.40 130.91 136.62Conglomerate . . . . . . . 129.80 127.47 146.57 171.32Consumer, cyclical . . . . 123.24 124.27 135.13 148.64Consumer, noncyclical . . 93.01 98.64 130.19 152.04Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.82 110.23 132.32 163.27Financial services . . . . . 114.97 112.75 134.62 142.64Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . 106.00 112.24 118.38 122.31Technology . . . . . . . . . 114.61 134.91 168.07 197.94Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.42 101.12 118.44 123.90

Source: Dow Jones & Company, Inc., New York, NY, Wall Street Journal, selected issues (copyright).


No. 1381. Foreign Stock Market Activity—Morgan Stanley Capital International Indexes:1990 to 1996

[Index figures shown are as of December 31 . January 1, 1970=100, except as noted . Based on share prices denominatedin U.S. dollars. EMG=Emerging Markets Global. GDP=Gross Domestic Product]

INDEX AND COUNTRYINDEX PERCENT

CHANGE 1

1990 1995 1996 1995 1996

All Country Worldindex 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 182.0 201.7 15.7 10.8

DEVELOPEDMARKETS

World index 3 . . . . . . . 462 734 820 18.7 11.7EAFE index 4 . . . . . . . 789 1,136 1,186 9.4 4.4Europe index. . . . . . . . 479 733 869 18.9 18.5Pacific index . . . . . . . . 1,735 2,362 2,139 1.8 -9.4Far East index . . . . . . . 2,514 3,384 3,015 1.3 -10.9

GDP-weighted indexes:EAFE index 4 . . . . . . 817 1,205 1,278 9.5 6.1

United States . . . . . . . 306.9 581.1 705.2 34.7 21.4Canada . . . . . . . . . . . 341.9 403.9 510.3 16.1 26.4

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . 184.6 304.2 345.1 8.3 13.4New Zealand 5. . . . . . . 53.0 114.2 129.6 17.3 13.5

Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,052 890 919 -5.8 3.2Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . 568 897 976 21.8 8.8Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . 867 1,124 1,349 17.3 20.0Finland 5. . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 128.8 169.7 3.4 31.7France . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 672 802 12.2 19.4Germany . . . . . . . . . . 551 818 917 14.8 12.1Ireland 5 . . . . . . . . . . . 138.4 215.7 277.8 19.4 28.8Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.2 208.6 231.3 -0.2 10.9Netherlands . . . . . . . . 594 1,192 1,485 24.3 24.5Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . 896 1,023 1,296 4.6 26.8Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.0 162.3 221.5 26.0 36.5Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . 915 1,796 2,431 31.7 35.4

INDEX AND COUNTRYINDEX PERCENT

CHANGE 1

1990 1995 1996 1995 1996

Switzerland . . . . . . . . . 567 1,569 1,589 42.4 1.2United Kingdom . . . . . . 514 716 883 17.2 23.3

Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . 1,547 4,818 6,213 18.2 29.0Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,638 3,348 2,813 (Z) -16.0Singapore . . . . . . . . . . 1,166 2,735 2,515 5.0 -8.1

EMERGING MARKETS

EMG Far East index . 168.2 263.7 273.1 -10.5 3.6India 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 98.8 95.1 -31.9 -3.8Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . 610.8 508.2 637.2 7.5 25.4Korea, South . . . . . . . . 139.4 173.8 107.1 -4.6 -38.4Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 170.4 347.0 432.1 4.0 24.5Pakistan 6 . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 91.5 73.8 -38.3 -19.4Philippines . . . . . . . . . 94.1 442.5 509.3 -15.4 15.1Sri Lanka 6 . . . . . . . . . (NA) 105.6 88.4 -32.7 -16.3Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.7 227.9 316.6 -30.2 38.9Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . 205.0 523.3 324.7 -5.7 -38.0

EMG Latin America . . 237 782 928 -15.8 18.7Argentina . . . . . . . . . . 318 1,239 1,447 8.7 16.9Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 578 798 -21.3 38.0Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 903 754 -6.2 -16.4Colombia 6 . . . . . . . . . (NA) 110 118 -27.8 6.6Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 744 864 -23.2 16.1Peru 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 221 215 22.1 -2.8

Greece 5. . . . . . . . . . . 321.9 238.2 241.6 10.2 1.4Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 96.1 85.2 5.4 -11.4Portugal 5 . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 68.4 90.5 -2.5 32.3Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.2 103.1 136.0 -5.9 31.9

NA Not available. Z Less than 0.05 percent. 1 Percent change during calendar year (e.g. December 31, 1994, throughDecember 31, 1995). Adjusted for foreign exchange fluctuations relative to U.S. dollar. 2 Comprises World index, all emergingmarkets, and Luxembourg. 3 Includes South African gold mines quoted in London. 4 Europe, Australasia, Far East Index.Comprises all European and Far East countries listed under developed markets plus Australia, Malaysia, and New Zealand.5 January 1, 1988=100. 6 December 1992=100.

Source: Morgan Stanley Capital International, New York, NY, unpublished data (copyright). This information may not bereproduced or redisseminated in any form without prior written permission from Morgan Stanley Capital International. Thisinformation is provided on an ‘‘as is’’ basis. Neither Morgan Stanley or any other party makes any representation or warranty ofany kind either express or implied, with respect to this information (or the results to be obtained by the use thereof) and MorganStanley expressly disclaims any and all warranties of originality, accuracy, completeness, merchantability, and fitness for anyparticular purpose. The user of this information assumes the entire risk of any use made of the information. In no event shallMorgan Stanley or any other part be liable to the user for any direct or indirect damages, including without limitation, any lost profits,lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising out of use of this information.

No. 1382. Central Bank Discount Rates, Money Market Rates, and Government Bond Yields,by Country: 1990 to 1997


Foreign Stock Market Indexes—Interest Rates 855

No. 1383. Reserve Assets and International Transaction Balances, by Country:1990 to 1996



No. 1384. Foreign Trade—Source of Imports and Destination of Exports,by Country: 1994

[In billions of dollars. All exports are f.o.b. (free on board) and all imports are c.i.f. (cost insurance freight) except forUnited States, Australian, and Canadian imports, which are f.o.b.]

COUNTRY Total 1O.E.C.D. 2

C.E.E.C.4China,Vietnam,NorthKorea

O.P.E.C. 5

Otherdevel-opingcoun-tries 6

Africa Ameri-ca 7

MiddleEast 8

FarEast 9

Total E.U. 3

IMPORTSValue (bil. dol.):Australia . . . . . . . 49.9 35.9 11.8 0.6 2.6 1.8 9.2 0.6 0.5 1.2 8.3Austria . . . . . . . . 55.3 48.0 37.8 1.3 0.8 1.0 4.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 2.0Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . 122.0 105.8 91.1 0.8 1.3 1.3 10.8 3.6 1.7 1.3 4.1Canada. . . . . . . . 147.8 128.9 14.4 0.2 2.9 2.0 11.0 0.8 2.5 0.6 8.5France . . . . . . . . 230.4 186.5 144.6 2.2 4.3 8.4 25.1 10.4 4.3 5.2 10.4Germany . . . . . . . 378.1 299.0 209.6 12.0 10.0 8.2 47.3 8.8 8.3 3.7 25.1Italy . . . . . . . . . . 166.7 127.0 101.2 3.6 3.1 8.8 21.6 11.5 4.1 3.6 6.0Japan . . . . . . . . . 274.8 132.6 38.9 0.2 29.3 38.0 72.4 4.1 7.9 27.8 67.8Netherlands . . . . . 122.8 96.5 74.2 1.7 2.0 6.4 16.0 3.0 4.6 4.3 9.4Spain . . . . . . . . . 92.5 73.6 59.3 0.5 1.9 5.6 10.2 5.9 3.1 2.3 3.8Sweden . . . . . . . 51.7 44.4 32.5 1.1 1.1 0.8 4.2 0.4 0.8 0.6 2.3Switzerland . . . . . 67.7 61.7 53.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 4.0 0.1 0.7 0.7 2.3United Kingdom . . 229.0 189.4 127.7 2.0 2.6 4.2 28.6 4.9 3.8 3.4 20.2United States . . . . 663.8 433.2 119.5 1.6 38.9 33.4 149.5 14.2 38.5 15.8 117.5

Percent distribution:Australia . . . . . . . 100.0 71.9 23.6 1.2 5.3 3.6 18.5 1.2 1.0 2.4 16.6Austria . . . . . . . . 100.0 86.8 68.3 2.4 1.5 1.7 7.2 1.3 0.9 0.9 3.7Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . 100.0 86.7 74.6 0.7 1.1 1.1 8.9 3.0 1.4 1.1 3.3Canada. . . . . . . . 100.0 87.2 9.7 0.2 2.0 1.4 7.5 0.6 1.7 0.4 5.8France . . . . . . . . 100.0 80.9 62.8 0.9 1.9 3.7 10.9 4.5 1.9 2.2 4.5Germany . . . . . . . 100.0 79.1 55.4 3.2 2.6 2.2 12.5 2.3 2.2 1.0 6.6Italy . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 76.2 60.7 2.2 1.9 5.3 13.0 6.9 2.5 2.2 3.6Japan . . . . . . . . . 100.0 48.3 14.2 0.1 10.7 13.8 26.3 1.5 2.9 10.1 24.7Netherlands . . . . . 100.0 78.6 60.4 1.4 1.7 5.2 13.0 2.4 3.7 3.5 7.6Spain . . . . . . . . . 100.0 79.5 64.1 0.5 2.1 6.1 11.0 6.4 3.4 2.5 4.2Sweden . . . . . . . 100.0 85.9 62.9 2.1 2.1 1.6 8.1 0.7 1.6 1.2 4.4Switzerland . . . . . 100.0 91.1 79.4 0.4 1.2 1.2 5.9 0.2 1.1 1.1 3.4United Kingdom . . 100.0 82.7 55.8 0.9 1.2 1.8 12.5 2.2 1.7 1.5 8.8United States . . . . 100.0 65.3 18.0 0.2 5.9 5.0 22.5 2.1 5.8 2.4 17.7

EXPORTSValue (bil. dol.):Australia . . . . . . . 47.4 24.6 5.3 0.1 2.2 2.5 16.4 0.7 0.5 1.2 15.4Austria . . . . . . . . 45.0 38.3 29.2 1.9 0.4 1.0 3.4 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.3Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . 134.3 115.4 100.3 1.1 1.0 2.2 13.6 2.9 1.2 4.4 6.5Canada. . . . . . . . 165.8 154.4 9.0 0.1 1.7 2.0 7.3 0.8 2.5 1.1 4.9France . . . . . . . . 234.2 186.1 148.6 2.3 2.5 8.0 34.2 14.3 7.3 6.4 11.9Germany . . . . . . . 424.1 339.0 244.8 12.4 6.5 11.0 51.5 9.0 7.7 10.4 26.3Italy . . . . . . . . . . 188.5 142.9 108.6 5.0 2.4 7.2 29.5 6.8 6.1 7.6 10.9Japan . . . . . . . . . 395.6 205.1 61.3 0.2 19.4 16.4 150.8 6.8 13.4 9.8 138.4Netherlands . . . . . 134.9 116.8 102.7 1.9 0.6 2.6 11.4 2.5 1.9 2.5 5.4Spain . . . . . . . . . 73.3 60.4 51.7 0.6 0.8 2.4 8.9 3.0 3.2 1.7 2.5Sweden . . . . . . . 61.3 51.8 36.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 6.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 3.5Switzerland . . . . . 70.1 55.7 43.4 0.7 0.6 2.2 10.4 1.3 1.7 2.6 6.7United Kingdom . . 206.5 165.4 118.1 1.7 1.4 7.2 27.8 6.4 3.4 8.2 16.7United States . . . . 512.4 348.0 107.8 1.4 9.5 19.1 132.0 9.2 41.8 16.1 82.0

Percent distribution:Australia . . . . . . . 100.0 51.9 11.1 0.3 4.6 5.3 34.7 1.5 1.0 2.5 32.4Austria . . . . . . . . 100.0 85.1 64.8 4.3 0.8 2.1 7.5 1.6 0.8 1.6 2.9Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . 100.0 86.0 74.7 0.8 0.7 1.6 10.1 2.1 0.9 3.3 4.8Canada. . . . . . . . 100.0 93.1 5.4 0.1 1.0 1.2 4.4 0.5 1.5 0.7 3.0France . . . . . . . . 100.0 79.5 63.4 1.0 1.1 3.4 14.6 6.1 3.1 2.7 5.1Germany . . . . . . . 100.0 79.9 57.7 2.9 1.5 2.6 12.1 2.1 1.8 2.5 6.2Italy . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 75.8 57.6 2.7 1.3 3.8 15.7 3.6 3.3 4.0 5.8Japan . . . . . . . . . 100.0 51.8 15.5 0.1 4.9 4.2 38.1 1.7 3.4 2.5 35.0Netherlands . . . . . 100.0 86.6 76.2 1.4 0.4 2.0 8.5 1.9 1.4 1.9 4.0Spain . . . . . . . . . 100.0 82.3 70.5 0.8 1.2 3.3 12.1 4.1 4.4 2.3 3.4Sweden . . . . . . . 100.0 84.5 59.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 9.8 1.6 1.8 2.0 5.7Switzerland . . . . . 100.0 79.5 62.0 1.0 0.9 3.1 14.9 1.9 2.4 3.8 9.6United Kingdom . . 100.0 80.1 57.2 0.8 0.7 3.5 13.5 3.1 1.6 4.0 8.1United States . . . . 100.0 67.9 21.0 0.3 1.9 3.7 25.8 1.8 8.2 3.1 16.0

1 Includes other areas not shown separately. 2 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. For membercountries, see text, section 30. 3 European Union comprises Austria, Belgium-Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom. 4 Central and Eastern Europeancountries comprises Albania, the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.5 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries comprises Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. 6 Comprises trade with all countries other than China, North Korea,Vietnam, South Africa, Eastern Europe, and members of OPEC and OECD. 7 All countries comprising the continent exceptCanada, Mexico, and the United States. 8 Comprises Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Gaza Strip, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen,Kuwait, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, and Iran. 9 All countries comprising the continent of Asia except Japan,China, North Korea, Vietnam, and those countries listed under Middle East.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France. Data derived from Monthly Statistics ofForeign Trade, (copyright).

Foreign Trade 857

No. 1385. Foreign Exchange Rates: 1996[Foreign currency units per U.S. dollar; annual average . Rates shown include market, official, and principal rates,

as published by the International Monetary Fund in International Financial Statistics]

COUNTRY Currency 1996

Afghanistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . Afghanis . . . . . . . . 50.6Albania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leks . . . . . . . . . . . 104.5Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Algerian Dinars . . . . 54.75Antigua and Barbuda . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.70Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 1.000Armenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dram . . . . . . . . . . 414.0Aruba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aruban Florins . . . . 1.79Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Australian Dollar . . . 1.278Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schillings . . . . . . . . 10.59Bahamas, The . . . . . . . . . . . Bahamian Dollar . . . 1.000Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.376Bangladesh. . . . . . . . . . . . . Taka . . . . . . . . . . . 41.79Barbados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barbados Dollar . . . 2.011Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Francs. . . . . . . . . . 30.96Belize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belize Dollar. . . . . . 2.000Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Bhutan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ngultrum . . . . . . . . 35.43Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pula . . . . . . . . . . . 3.324Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reais . . . . . . . . . . 1.005Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leva . . . . . . . . . . . 177.9Burkina Faso. . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kyats . . . . . . . . . . 5.918Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riels . . . . . . . . . . . 2,624Cameroon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canadian Dollar . . . 1.363Cape Verde. . . . . . . . . . . . . Escudos . . . . . . . . 82.59Central African Republic . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 412.27China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yuan. . . . . . . . . . . 8.31Comoros. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comorian Francs. . . 383.7Congo (Brazzaville) . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colones. . . . . . . . . 207.7Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kuna. . . . . . . . . . . 5.43Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyprus Pounds . . . . 0.466Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . Koruny . . . . . . . . . 27.14Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kroner. . . . . . . . . . 5.799Djibouti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Djibouti Francs . . . . 177.7Dominica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dol . . . 2.70Dominican Republic . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 13.78Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sucres . . . . . . . . . 3,189Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Egyptian Pounds. . . 3.391El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colones. . . . . . . . . 8.755Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Estonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Krooni . . . . . . . . . . 12.03Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birr . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.352Fiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fiji Dollar . . . . . . . . 1.403Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Markkaa . . . . . . . . 4.594France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Francs. . . . . . . . . . 5.116Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deutsche Mark . . . . 1.505Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drachmas . . . . . . . 240.7Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.70Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quetzales . . . . . . . 6.05Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guyana Dollar . . . . 140.4Haiti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gourdes . . . . . . . . 15.70Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lempiras . . . . . . . . 11.71Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hong Kong Dollar . . 7.734Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forint . . . . . . . . . . 152.6Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kronur. . . . . . . . . . 66.50India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 35.43Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupiah . . . . . . . . . 2,342Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rials . . . . . . . . . . . 1,751Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.311Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irish Pounds. . . . . . 0.625Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Sheqalim . . . . 3.192Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lire. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,543Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jamaica Dollar . . . . 37.12Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yen. . . . . . . . . . . . 108.8Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.709Kazakstan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tenge . . . . . . . . . . 67.30Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kenya Shilling. . . . . 57.12Kiribati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Australian Dollar . . . 1.278Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . Won . . . . . . . . . . . 804.5Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.299Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kip . . . . . . . . . . . . 921.1

COUNTRY Currency 1996

Latvia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lats . . . . . . . . . . . 0.551Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lebanese Pounds . . 1,571Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maloti . . . . . . . . . . 4.299Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liberian Dollar . . . . 1.00Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Libyan Dinars . . . . . 0.362Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Litai . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . Francs. . . . . . . . . . 30.96Macedonia, The FormerYugoslav Republic of. . . . . . Denar . . . . . . . . . . 39.98Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . Malagasy Francs. . . 4,061Maldives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rufiyaa . . . . . . . . . 11.77Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maltese Liri . . . . . . 0.360Mauritania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ouguiyas . . . . . . . . 137.2Mauritius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 17.95Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Pesos . . . . . . 7.601Micronesia, FederatedStates of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Dollar . . . . . . . 1.00Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lei . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.603Mongolia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tugriks . . . . . . . . . 548.4Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dirhams. . . . . . . . . 8.716Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . Meticais. . . . . . . . . 11,294Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Namibia Dollar . . . . 4.299Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 56.69Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . Guilders. . . . . . . . . 1.686Netherlands Antilles . . . . . . . Guilders. . . . . . . . . 1.790New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . New Zealand Dollar . 1.455Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cordobas. . . . . . . . 8.436Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kroner. . . . . . . . . . 6.450Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rials Omani . . . . . . 0.385Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 36.08Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balboas. . . . . . . . . 1.00Papua New Guinea . . . . . . . Kina . . . . . . . . . . . 1.319Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guaranies . . . . . . . 2,064Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 26.22Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zlotys . . . . . . . . . . 2.696Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Escudos . . . . . . . . 154.2Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riyals . . . . . . . . . . 3.64Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rubles . . . . . . . . . 5,121Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rwanda Francs. . . . 306.8Saint Kitts and Nevis. . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.70Saint Lucia . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.70Saint Vincent and theGrenadines . . . . . . . . . . . . E.Caribbean Dollar . 2.70Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . Riyals . . . . . . . . . . 3.745Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Seychelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 4.970Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . Leones . . . . . . . . . 920.7Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Singapore Dollar . . . 1.410Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Koruny . . . . . . . . . 30.65Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tolars . . . . . . . . . . 135.4Solomon Islands . . . . . . . . . Solomon Isl Dollar . . 3.566South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . Rand . . . . . . . . . . 4.299Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesetas. . . . . . . . . 126.7Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rupees . . . . . . . . . 55.27Suriname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guilders. . . . . . . . . 401.3Swaziland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emalangeni . . . . . . 4.299Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kronor. . . . . . . . . . 6.706Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . Swiss Francs . . . . . 1.236Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syrian Pounds . . . . 11.23Tanzania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tanzania Shilling . . . 580.0Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baht . . . . . . . . . . . 25.34Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cfa Francs. . . . . . . 511.6Tonga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pa’Anga . . . . . . . . 1.232Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . Tt Dollar . . . . . . . . 6.005Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dinars . . . . . . . . . . 0.973Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liras . . . . . . . . . . . 81,405Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uganda Shilling. . . . 1,046Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Karbovanets. . . . . . 1.830United Arab Emirates . . . . . . Dirhams. . . . . . . . . 3.671United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . Pounds Sterling . . . 0.641Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pesos . . . . . . . . . . 7.972Vanuatu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vatu . . . . . . . . . . . 111.7Western Samoa . . . . . . . . . . Tala . . . . . . . . . . . 2.459Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rials . . . . . . . . . . . 50.04Zambia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwacha . . . . . . . . . 1,204

Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, ‘‘Foreign Exchange Rates, 1991-96;’’<http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/usfth/t37.prn>; (accessed: 12 August 1997).


No. 1386. International Tourism Receipts—Leading Countries: 1990 to 1996

[In millions of dollars, except as indicated]

COUNTRYTOTAL RECEIPTS Percent

change,1995-96

PERCENT OFWORLD TOTAL

1990 1995 1996 1990 1996

World, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,207 393,278 423,022 7.56 100.00 100.00

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,007 61,137 64,373 5.29 16.16 15.22Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,593 25,343 28,428 12.17 6.98 6.72France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,185 27,527 28,241 2.59 7.58 6.68Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,016 27,451 27,349 -0.37 7.52 6.47United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,940 19,133 20,415 6.70 5.61 4.83Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,410 14,618 15,095 3.26 5.04 3.57Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,471 12,810 13,168 2.79 4.31 3.11Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,032 9,604 11,200 16.62 1.89 2.65China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,218 8,733 10,500 20.23 0.83 2.48Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,411 9,459 9,892 4.58 2.78 2.34Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,596 8,212 9,410 14.59 1.73 2.22Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,339 8,012 8,727 8.92 2.38 2.06Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,326 7,664 8,600 12.21 1.63 2.03Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,088 7,100 8,264 16.39 1.54 1.95Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 6,400 7,000 9.38 0.13 1.65Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,467 6,164 6,898 11.91 2.05 1.63Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,225 4,957 6,536 31.85 1.21 1.55Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,559 5,579 6,315 13.19 1.34 1.49Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,721 5,719 5,893 3.04 1.40 1.39Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,636 5,762 5,877 2.00 1.37 1.39

Source: World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain, ‘‘World’s Top Tourism Earners 1996;’’ published February 1997;<http://www.world-tourism.org/esta/highlights/topearn.htm>.

No. 1387. Net Flow of Financial Resources to Developing Countries: 1980 to 1995

[In billions of U.S. dollars. Net flow covers loans, grants, and grant-like flows minus amortization on loans. Military flows areexcluded. Developing countries cover countries designated by Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as developing. Officialdevelopment assistance covers all flows to developing countries and multilateral institutions provided by official agencies, includingState and local governments, or by their executive agencies, which are administered with the promotion of economic developmentand welfare of developing countries as their main objective and whose financial terms are intended to be concessional in characterwith grant element of at least 25 percent. Other official flows cover export credits and portfolio investment from the official sector]

ORIGIN AND TYPE OF RESOURCE 1980 1985 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

DAC countries 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 45.2 84.3 76.4 94.7 115.8 136.1 165.9 166.7Official development assistance . . . 27.3 29.4 45.7 53.0 56.7 60.9 56.5 59.2 58.9Other official flows . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.4 5.8 8.6 7.1 8.9 7.9 10.1 9.8Private flows at market terms. . . . . 40.4 9.4 28.8 9.8 25.5 40.1 66.0 90.7 92.0Private voluntary agencies . . . . . . 2.4 2.9 4.0 5.1 5.4 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.0

Total net flow to developing countries,by DAC country 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 45.2 87.1 76.4 94.7 115.8 136.1 165.9 166.7United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 1.8 16.4 11.1 20.8 33.5 58.2 59.7 47.8Official development assistance . 7.1 9.4 7.7 11.4 11.3 11.7 10.1 9.9 7.4Other official flows . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 0.2 -0.5 -0.4 -0.8 1.3 0.1 0.9 1.5Private flows at market terms . . . 4.3 -9.3 7.3 -2.4 7.6 17.7 45.4 46.3 36.5Private voluntary agencies . . . . . 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.5 -2.1 4.2 2.1 2.1 2.5Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.3 1.5 0.1 1.5 2.2 0.7 2.2 -0.2Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.7 2.7 3.5 4.0 4.2 5.3 5.6 4.7Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.8Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.6France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 8.9 5.3 5.7 6.5 10.8 10.9 12.7 12.8Germany 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 5.8 12.1 13.6 13.1 8.9 15.4 23.9 21.2Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.2 5.8 3.2 7.5 6.2 2.4 3.4 2.8Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 11.6 22.0 17.2 24.5 16.2 15.9 28.5 42.3Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) 5.9 0.1 0.1 0.1Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.6 2.5 4.0 4.4 3.4 5.6 4.7 6.8New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.5Portugal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.4 3.5 1.6Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.4 2.3 2.8 1.8 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.2Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.5 1.8 3.4 3.0 3.1 2.9 0.1 0.9United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 2.5 9.5 6.5 5.6 9.3 8.8 12.0 15.5

NA Not available. Z Less than $50 million. 1 Includes flows to OPEC countries: Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Iran, Iraq,Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. DAC countries listed below. Country totals maynot add to DAC total because debt forgiveness of non-official development assistance claims is not included in DAC totals.2 Former West Germany.

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, Annual Reports of the DevelopmentAssistance Committee.

Tourism—Development Assistance 859

No. 1388. External Public Debt, by Country: 1990 to 1995[External public debt is defined as debt repayable to external creditors in foreign currency, goods, or services, with an original orextended maturity of more than 1 year, which is a direct obligation of, or has repayment guaranteed by, a public body in the bor-rowing country. Excludes undisbursed debt (amounts not yet drawn by recipient) and unguaranteed private debt, which for somecountries is substantial. Debt contracted for the purchase of military equipment is not usually reported. Debt service paymentsrepresent the sum of interest payments and repayments of principal on external public debt]

COUNTRY

TOTAL EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT(mil. dol.)

DEBT SERVICEPAYMENTS(mil. dol.)

DEBT SERVICERATIO 3

(percent)

1990 1994

1995

1990 1994 1995 1990 1994 1995Total 1

Bilat-eralofficial

Multi-lateralorgan-iza-tions

Bonds 2

Argentina . . . . . . . . . 46,906 55,832 62,181 11,709 9,414 39,441 4,812 4,523 6,302 29 21 22Bangladesh . . . . . . . 12,289 15,356 15,543 5,533 9,766 - 529 537 656 19 13 12Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . 3,690 4,117 4,452 1,802 2,577 17 275 286 291 28 23 23Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . 89,187 95,309 96,609 19,451 9,366 54,663 5,716 8,888 13,838 16 17 23Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . 9,834 9,644 9,574 1,710 1,829 5,412 1,316 581 936 19 11 14Cameroon . . . . . . . . 4,709 7,230 8,060 5,467 1,674 - 320 296 346 14 13 13Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,426 8,989 7,178 713 2,871 - 1,612 1,217 2,921 15 8 15China . . . . . . . . . . . 45,515 82,391 94,675 19,980 16,302 10,684 5,853 10,161 13,693 10 8 9Colombia . . . . . . . . . 14,671 13,617 12,983 1,698 5,320 1,014 3,115 3,299 3,145 33 25 21Congo (Brazzaville) 4 . 4,208 4,774 4,955 3,332 703 - 475 533 142 32 52 11Congo (Kinshasa) 4 . . 9,006 9,280 9,621 6,362 2,382 5 137 1 - 6 - -Costa Rica . . . . . . . . 3,063 3,223 3,132 1,144 1,347 572 432 388 531 21 11 13Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . . 9,849 11,240 11,899 5,317 3,897 - 524 693 771 15 21 17Croatia. . . . . . . . . . . (X) 1,544 1,693 975 528 - (X) 161 158 (X) 2 2Dominican Republic . . 3,442 3,543 3,550 1,877 1,022 520 139 462 346 6 14 10Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . 9,867 10,523 12,032 2,260 2,991 5,999 874 870 1,285 27 19 24Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 26,976 30,538 31,325 25,376 4,228 - 2,489 1,856 2,073 18 12 13Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . 3,634 4,754 4,958 2,193 2,366 - 201 107 153 24 13 13Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . 3,135 3,509 4,099 3,237 663 - 104 198 368 4 8 13Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . 2,757 4,148 4,568 1,159 2,984 - 194 241 218 20 17 14Guatemala . . . . . . . . 2,241 2,461 2,493 1,114 943 265 164 232 286 10 9 9Honduras . . . . . . . . . 3,425 3,900 3,979 1,485 2,162 139 307 379 444 29 26 25Hungary. . . . . . . . . . 18,006 22,157 23,572 900 3,282 15,755 3,751 4,592 4,791 30 40 27India 5 . . . . . . . . . . . 69,328 86,499 79,725 27,097 29,986 3,279 6,011 8,029 10,150 23 20 22Indonesia . . . . . . . . . 48,066 63,891 65,347 31,221 20,010 704 7,395 8,799 9,491 25 19 18Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . 3,934 3,438 3,409 1,877 1,216 25 481 470 522 20 14 14Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . 7,050 6,781 6,904 3,792 1,187 801 550 484 549 19 12 11Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . 4,760 5,547 5,927 2,294 2,913 - 502 704 688 22 26 23Macedonia, TheFormer YugoslavRepublic of . . . . . . . (X) 640 773 327 291 - (X) 137 28 (X) 10 2Madagascar . . . . . . . 3,360 3,548 3,691 1,928 1,686 - 147 48 52 30 7 7Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 12,684 13,650 15,857 3,331 1,645 5,380 2,827 4,022 3,043 8 6 4Mali. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,345 2,637 2,840 1,451 1,386 - 40 116 71 7 24 11Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 75,981 79,284 94,027 19,790 18,642 45,195 7,843 11,782 12,139 14 15 12Morocco. . . . . . . . . . 22,143 20,806 21,347 9,105 6,830 - 1,499 3,154 3,405 18 33 31Nicaragua. . . . . . . . . 8,245 9,013 7,937 5,479 1,489 524 10 184 260 2 38 36Oman . . . . . . . . . . . 2,400 2,608 2,563 413 178 - 714 525 465 12 9 7Pakistan. . . . . . . . . . 16,503 22,669 23,711 10,440 12,204 150 1,388 2,915 2,254 17 30 19Panama . . . . . . . . . . 3,988 3,923 3,905 646 612 3 141 303 233 2 3 2Papua New Guinea . . 1,501 1,636 1,614 530 930 - 270 318 286 18 11 9Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,634 17,679 18,929 10,455 3,717 - 178 930 892 4 14 12Philippines . . . . . . . . 24,076 30,271 29,908 13,804 8,488 5,099 2,896 3,622 4,259 22 15 13Poland. . . . . . . . . . . 39,059 39,503 41,073 30,165 2,067 8,110 838 2,484 2,274 4 11 7Senegal . . . . . . . . . . 2,939 3,048 3,191 1,246 1,861 - 211 169 192 13 11 11Slovenia. . . . . . . . . . (X) 1,358 1,491 190 536 - (X) 207 296 (X) 2 3Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . 4,934 6,653 7,010 3,627 2,858 - 285 356 348 10 8 6Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . 9,155 9,399 9,779 5,787 2,133 - 23 3 17 3 - (NA)Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,917 16,540 16,757 14,570 1,030 - 1,191 229 155 22 4 2Tanzania . . . . . . . . . 5,822 5,965 6,085 2,848 2,868 - 135 159 187 25 17 15Thailand. . . . . . . . . . 12,570 17,120 17,231 7,820 3,208 1,588 3,272 2,630 2,820 10 4 4Tunisia. . . . . . . . . . . 6,662 8,008 8,814 3,505 3,695 535 1,220 1,346 1,377 21 18 16Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . 38,684 48,579 50,128 8,319 8,962 13,836 6,480 7,672 9,138 26 23 22Uganda . . . . . . . . . . 2,236 2,867 3,054 768 2,202 4 85 122 104 35 35 16Uruguay. . . . . . . . . . 3,045 3,745 3,823 338 1,259 1,963 711 448 764 29 13 21Venezuela . . . . . . . . 24,509 28,042 28,494 1,463 3,300 20,885 4,168 2,125 3,456 19 11 15Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . 5,154 5,460 5,528 2,532 1,278 - 108 81 91 4 3 3Yugoslavia, former 6 . . 12,986 8,511 8,725 3,277 1,311 - 2,719 - - (NA) - -Zambia . . . . . . . . . . 4,852 4,897 5,077 2,731 2,186 - 173 309 369 13 26 29Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . 2,464 3,296 3,360 1,170 1,616 120 370 441 485 18 19 (NA)

- Represents or rounds to zero. NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 Includes other types of creditors not shownseparately. 2 Covers publicly issued and privately placed bonds. 3 Debt service payments as percent of exports. 4 Seefootnote 3, table 1334. 5 Fiscal year basis. 6 The bulk of the debt of Yugoslavian enterprises is reported as nonguaranteed.

Source: The World Bank, Washington, DC, World Debt Tables, periodic.


No. 1389. Military Expenditures, by Country: 1985 to 1995

[In millions of dollars, except as indicated. See also table 553. For most countries, data for expenditures and for gross nationalproduct (GNP) were based on local currencies which were deflated to constant 1995 local currency values before conversion toU.S. dollar equivalents. In general, the rates used for conversion are the 1995 average par/market exchange rates as supplied bythe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]

COUNTRY

CURRENT DOLLARS CONSTANT (1995) DOLLARS

1985 1990 1994 1995 1985 19901995

Total Percentof GNP

Per capita(dollars)

United States . . . . . . 258,200 306,200 288,100 277,800 353,800 351,900 277,800 3.8 1,056

Algeria 1. . . . . . . . . . 716 697 1,226 1,238 982 801 1,238 3.2 43Angola 1. . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 453 225 (NA) (NA) 225 3.0 22Argentina . . . . . . . . . 5,599 3,436 4,724 4,684 7,673 3,949 4,684 1.7 137Australia. . . . . . . . . . 4,960 5,866 8,358 8,401 6,798 6,741 8,401 2.5 465Bangladesh . . . . . . . 245 317 475 502 336 365 502 1.7 4Belgium . . . . . . . . . . 4,880 5,356 4,498 4,449 6,688 6,155 4,449 1.7 439Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,044 8,555 7,185 10,900 4,172 9,832 10,900 1.7 68Bulgaria 1 . . . . . . . . . 5,808 3,887 982 1,073 7,960 4,467 1,073 2.8 125Burma . . . . . . . . . . . 877 1,093 1,698 1,833 1,202 1,256 1,833 3.9 41Canada . . . . . . . . . . 7,169 9,187 9,408 9,077 9,825 10,560 9,077 1.7 318Chile 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 821 1,154 1,832 2,243 1,125 1,327 2,243 3.8 158China 1 . . . . . . . . . . 39,010 48,440 57,040 63,510 53,470 55,660 63,510 2.3 53Colombia . . . . . . . . . 559 1,225 1,302 2,000 766 1,408 2,000 2.6 55Congo (Kinshasa) 3 . . 68 (NA) 36 17 93 (NA) 17 0.3 -Croatia 1 . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 1,827 2,114 (X) (X) 2,114 10.5 425Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,335 1,400 600 350 1,830 1,609 350 1.6 32Czech Republic 1. . . . (X) (X) 2,495 2,368 (X) (X) 2,368 2.3 229Egypt 1 . . . . . . . . . . 3,129 1,468 1,835 2,653 4,289 1,687 2,653 5.7 43France. . . . . . . . . . . 35,740 44,800 48,960 47,770 48,990 51,480 47,770 3.1 826Germany 4 . . . . . . . . 39,400 48,540 41,020 41,160 54,000 55,790 41,160 1.9 496

Greece . . . . . . . . . . 3,898 4,182 4,811 5,056 5,343 4,806 5,056 5.5 482Hungary 1. . . . . . . . . 3,782 1,277 1,203 961 5,183 1,468 961 1.5 95India . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,022 6,635 8,294 7,831 6,883 7,626 7,831 2.4 8Indonesia 2 . . . . . . . . 1,600 1,699 2,364 3,398 2,193 1,952 3,398 1.8 17Iran 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,523 8,098 5,449 4,191 11,680 9,307 4,191 2.6 65Iraq 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,650 14,110 (NA) (NA) 17,340 16,210 (NA) (NA) (NA)Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,773 7,168 8,171 8,734 10,650 8,237 8,734 9.6 1,646Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,200 19,150 20,700 19,380 19,460 22,010 19,380 1.8 338Japan . . . . . . . . . . . 27,400 40,740 49,300 50,240 37,550 46,820 50,240 1.0 401Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . 620 397 437 481 849 456 481 7.7 117Kazakstan 1 . . . . . . . (X) (X) 450 426 (X) (X) 426 0.9 25Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . 89 173 147 173 122 198 173 2.3 6Korea, North 1. . . . . . 5,260 5,940 5,500 6,000 7,209 6,827 6,000 28.6 255Korea, South . . . . . . 6,507 10,780 13,930 14,410 8,919 12,390 14,410 3.4 320

Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501 13,170 3,069 3,488 2,057 15,130 3,488 11.6 1,919Libya 2. . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) 1,297 1,999 (NA) (NA) 1,999 6.0 381Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 1,023 1,271 2,247 2,444 1,402 1,461 2,444 3.0 125Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 1,063 1,058 1,992 2,321 1,457 1,215 2,321 1.0 25Netherlands . . . . . . . 6,792 8,129 8,034 8,012 9,309 9,343 8,012 2.1 518New Zealand . . . . . . 702 897 702 740 962 1,030 740 1.3 211Nigeria 2 . . . . . . . . . 757 674 793 (NA) 1,038 775 (NA) (NA) (NA)Pakistan. . . . . . . . . . 1,809 3,120 3,933 3,740 2,480 3,586 3,740 6.1 30Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,244 683 847 989 3,075 784 989 1.7 41Philippines . . . . . . . . 506 1,232 1,368 1,151 693 1,416 1,151 1.5 16Poland 1. . . . . . . . . . 14,670 8,752 4,644 4,887 20,110 10,060 4,887 2.3 127

Romania 1 . . . . . . . . 6,840 3,869 2,178 2,520 9,374 4,446 2,520 2.5 115Russia 1. . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 93,000 76,000 (X) (X) 76,000 11.4 513Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . 21,340 23,160 17,200 17,210 29,240 26,620 17,210 13.5 919Singapore . . . . . . . . 1,687 2,106 3,304 3,970 2,312 2,421 3,970 4.7 1,191Slovakia 1. . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 440 577 (X) (X) 577 3.0 108Slovenia 1 . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 438 344 (X) (X) 344 1.5 176South Africa . . . . . . . 3,124 4,545 3,015 2,895 4,282 5,223 2,895 2.2 71Spain . . . . . . . . . . . 7,338 8,382 8,156 8,652 10,060 9,633 8,652 1.6 221Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . 174 411 541 585 238 472 585 4.6 32Sweden . . . . . . . . . . 4,308 5,138 5,832 6,042 5,904 5,905 6,042 2.8 683Syria 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . 5,432 4,391 (NA) 3,563 7,445 5,046 3,563 7.2 236Taiwan. . . . . . . . . . . 6,395 8,938 11,480 13,140 8,765 10,270 13,140 5.0 618Tanzania . . . . . . . . . 68 98 82 69 94 112 69 1.8 2Thailand. . . . . . . . . . 2,066 2,372 3,970 4,014 2,832 2,726 4,014 2.5 69Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . 3,568 4,323 6,168 6,606 4,890 4,968 6,606 4.0 108Ukraine 1 . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 4,378 3,588 (X) (X) 3,588 2.9 70United Kingdom. . . . . 33,450 37,090 35,440 33,400 45,850 42,630 33,400 3.0 572Vietnam 1 . . . . . . . . . (NA) 723 435 544 (NA) 831 544 2.6 7

- Represents or rounds to zero. NANot available. X Not applicable. 1 Estimated. 2 Data probably omit a major shareof total military expenditures, probably including most arms acquisitions. 3 See footnote 3, table 1334. 4 Prior to 1990, datafor former West Germany.

Source: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual.

Military Expenditures 861

No. 1390. Armed Forces Personnel, by Country: 1985 to 1995

[Personnel data as of July. Armed Forces refer to active-duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces where thoseforces resemble regular units in their organization, equipment, training, or mission. Reserve forces are not included]

COUNTRYARMED FORCES PERSONNEL

(1,000)ARMED FORCES PER 1,000

POPULATION

1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,244 2,181 1,815 1,715 1,620 9.4 8.7 7.0 6.6 6.2

Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 126 139 126 120 7.7 5.0 5.1 4.5 4.2Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 115 128 120 82 8.7 13.6 13.4 12.2 8.1Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 85 65 69 65 4.2 2.6 1.9 2.0 1.9Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 68 68 59 58 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.3 3.2Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 103 107 113 115 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 106 70 53 47 10.9 10.6 6.9 5.2 4.6Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 295 296 296 285 3.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8Bulgaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 129 52 80 86 21.2 14.4 6.1 9.4 10.0Burma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 230 286 370 322 5.0 5.6 6.6 8.4 7.1Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 87 76 75 70 3.3 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.5Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 95 92 102 102 10.3 7.2 6.7 7.3 7.2China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,100 3,500 3,031 2,930 2,930 3.9 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.4Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 110 139 146 146 2.2 3.3 4.0 4.1 4.0Congo (Kinshasa) 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 62 55 55 53 49 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (NA) 80 60 (X) (X) (NA) 16.2 12.1Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 297 175 140 70 29.5 28.1 16.2 12.9 6.4Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 107 90 68 (X) (X) 10.3 8.7 6.6Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 434 424 430 430 9.4 7.7 7.1 7.0 6.9France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 550 506 506 504 10.2 9.7 8.8 8.8 8.7Germany 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 545 398 362 352 8.1 6.9 4.9 4.4 4.2Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 201 213 206 213 20.2 19.9 20.5 19.7 20.3Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 94 (NA) 60 71 11.0 9.1 (NA) 5.9 7.0India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,260 1,262 1,265 1,305 1,265 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 283 271 280 280 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 440 528 528 440 7.3 7.7 8.5 8.4 6.8Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 1,390 407 425 390 50.2 75.4 21.2 21.4 18.9Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 190 181 185 185 47.9 42.1 35.8 35.7 34.9Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 493 450 436 435 8.8 8.5 7.9 7.6 7.6Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 250 242 233 240 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 100 100 100 112 30.6 30.5 25.7 25.0 27.3Kazakstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 44 18 28 (X) (X) 2.6 1.1 1.7Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 20 24 22 22 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8Korea, North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,040 40.0 56.0 53.0 52.0 44.3Korea, South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 650 750 750 655 14.7 15.2 17.0 16.8 14.5Kuwait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7 12 15 20 9.3 3.3 7.8 8.9 11.0Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 86 85 80 76 24.6 19.7 17.4 15.8 14.5Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 130 115 115 122 7.1 7.4 6.1 6.0 6.2Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 175 175 175 175 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 104 86 77 67 7.1 7.0 5.6 5.0 4.3New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 11 11 10 10 4.0 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 94 76 80 89 1.8 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 550 580 540 587 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.6Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 125 112 112 115 6.5 5.7 4.8 4.7 4.8Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 109 107 109 110 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 313 180 255 278 11.8 8.2 4.7 6.6 7.2Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 126 167 200 209 10.5 5.5 7.4 9.0 9.5Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 1,500 1,400 1,400 (X) (X) 10.1 9.4 9.4Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 146 172 164 175 6.1 9.2 9.9 9.1 9.3Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 56 56 56 60 20.7 18.4 17.4 17.1 18.0Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 33 47 52 (X) (X) 6.2 8.8 9.7Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 12 17 10 (X) (X) 6.1 8.7 5.1South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 85 72 102 100 2.8 2.3 1.8 2.5 2.4Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 263 204 213 210 8.2 6.8 5.2 5.5 5.4Sri Lanka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22 110 110 110 1.4 1.3 6.1 6.1 6.0Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 65 44 70 51 8.3 7.6 5.0 8.0 5.8Syria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 408 408 320 320 38.2 32.3 29.0 22.0 21.2Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 370 442 425 425 23.0 18.2 21.2 20.2 20.0Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 40 46 50 35 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.2Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 283 295 290 288 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.9Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 769 686 811 805 16.1 13.7 11.6 13.4 13.1Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 510 495 476 (X) (X) 9.9 9.6 9.3United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 308 271 257 233 5.9 5.4 4.7 4.4 4.0Vietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027 1,052 550 550 550 16.9 15.9 7.8 7.7 7.6

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 See footnote 3, table 1334. 2 Prior to 1990, data for former West Germany.

Source: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, annual.


S0 · S0. Section 30 Comparative ... power parities (see table 1348) instead of. ... lic Islands...

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Transcript of S0 · S0. Section 30 Comparative ... power parities (see table 1348) instead of. ... lic Islands...