S S Roy. Organic Turmeric

8/13/2019 S S Roy. Organic Turmeric

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ISCA

-RSC

20

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Influence of Bio-Organic Inputs onTurmeric (Curcuma longaL.)


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I

Practiced in more than 160 countries.

Approx. 0.9% of total agricultural land.

0.7 million number of organic farms

Approx. 37.2 million ha area under organic farming : 23 million ha under

grassland/grazing areas and additional 41.9 million ha under wild collection/forest .

Organic area : Rice (2.5 million ha) Permanent crops (2.4 million ha) Green

fodder (1.8 million ha)Vegetables (0.22 million ha).

Seven countries have more than 10% of total agricultural land under organic.

Oceania (12.2 million ha)Europe (9.3 million ha)Latin America (8.6 million ha).

US $ 54.9 billion international sale of organic products in 2009.

1.8 million organic producers in the world : Asia (40%) Africa (28%)Latin America

(16%)Others (16%).

GLOBAL STATUS OF ORGANIC FARMING


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NATIONAL STATUS OF ORGANIC FARMING

Certified organic area : 0.04 million ha in 2003-04 to 4.43 million ha in 2010-11.

Approx. 45000 certified organic farms.

Annual growth of 50% by 2010 in organic sector.

Production of 3.88 million tonnes of certified organic products in 2010-11.

Cotton leads the organic production (0.12 million MT) in 2011-12

Production of organic spices and condiments : 0.13 million MT in 2010-11

Export of 86 organic items of 69.84 thousand tonne worth $ 157.22 million in 2010-11.

Exported to Europe, USA, Australia, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, South Africa & Middle East.

Cotton, Basmati rice, Pulses, Honey, Tea, Spices, Coffee, Oil Seeds, Fruits, Processed food,

Cereals, Herbal medicines and there value added products.

Oilseed products (except sesame) leads among the organic products exported (17.97

thousand MT in 2010-11).

Certified : 0.60 million ha

Under certification : 0.18 million ha

Wild area : 3.65 million ha


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RATIONALE

Turmeric - The ancient and sacred spices of India

India enjoys monopoly in the production of turmeric (966.81 thousand

MT from 193.26 thousand ha in 2012-13)

Bioactive properties of turmeric importance in urban horticulture to

fight against degenerative diseases

Increasing demand for organic turmeric among the health conscious

urban consumers : whole, powdered or value added forms

Ecological or natural dye

Major spice crop of Manipur (19.07 thousand MT from 1.63 thousand

ha in 2012-13)

Grown by the hill farmers without any chemical inputs

Approx. 1.22 thousand ha certified organic area in 2010-11

Low productivity (11.7 t/ha) and quality due to lack of nutritional

management

Huge demand for organic turmeric grown in global market

Scanty information on organic nutrient management for turmeric in thecontext of NEH region


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METHODOLOGY

Experimental site : Langol Hill Research Farm

ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre

24o49N Latitude, 93o55E Longitude, 800 m above MSL

Duration : 2 growing seasons (April, 2011 to January, 2013)

Farming condition : Terraced land at foothill, Rainfed

Climate : Subtropical

Soil : Loamy, pH 5.8

No. of treatments : 13

No. of replications : 3

Experimental design : RBD

Turmeric variety : Megha Turmeric

Weight of seed rhizome : 30-35 gPlanting distance : 25 cm X 25 cm at 3-4 cm depth

Time of planting : April

Time of harvesting : January

Statistical analysis : SPSS (Version 18.0)


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TREATMENT DETAILS

T1 : Compost +Azospirillum

T2 : Compost + AM

T3 : Compost +Azospirillum+ AM

T4 : Vermicompost +Azospirillum

T5 : Vermicompost + AM

T6 : Vermicompost +Azospirillum+ AM

T7 : Phosphocompost +Azospirillum

T8 : Phosphocompost + AM

T9 : Phosphocompost +Azospirillum+ AM

T10 : Mustard cake +Azospirillum

T11

: Mustard cake + AM

T12 : Mustard cake +Azospirillum+ AM

T13 : RDF (Inorganic)

Compost : 20 t/ha

Vermicompost : 5 t/ha

Phosphocompost : 10 t/ha

Mustard cake : 3 t/ha

NPK fertilizers : 150 : 60 : 150 kg/ha

Azospirillum : 5 g/kg of rhizome

AM : 65 kg/ha

Dosage

Nutrient Content

Pre-planting rhizome treatment withAzospirillum

and Trichoderma @ 5 g each/kg of rhizome + 1

tbspAcaciagum (as sticker material)

Inputs N P2O5 K2O

Compost 0.75 0.20 0.50

Vermicompost 3.00 1.00 1.50

Phosphocompost 1.36 1.80 1.20

Mustard cake 5.20 3.00 0.65

Application of wood ash (1.5 t/ha) to all

treatments except control (inorganic)


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RESULTS

TreatmentsPlant height (cm) No. of tillers/clump No. of leaves/plant

120 DAP 180 DAP 120 DAP 180 DAP 120 DAP 180 DAP

Compost +Azospirillum 95.72 141.95 2.19 3.54 13.77 19.65

Compost + AM 97.87 145.49 2.20 3.46 13.46 20.24

Compost +Azospirillum+ AM 101.21 154.18 2.39 3.64 15.82 22.56

Vermicompost +Azospirillum 95.72 140.28 2.24 3.75 13.94 18.28

Vermicompost + AM 99.18 142.16 2.23 3.52 14.49 19.35

Vermicompost +Azospirillum+ AM 113.27 157.89 2.44 3.98 15.62 21.75

Phosphocompost +Azospirillum 94.38 128.69 1.68 3.11 14.03 19.66

Phosphocompost + AM 95.44 131.99 1.99 3.23 13.66 19.32

Phosphocompost +Azospirillum+ AM 95.90 138.57 2.15 4.12 14.88 19.72

Mustard cake +Azospirillum 93.77 129.79 2.06 3.17 13.84 17.45

Mustard cake + AM 89.10 140.15 2.00 3.28 12.69 18.26

Mustard cake +Azospirillum+ AM 98.29 148.39 2.15 3.65 13.69 19.32

RDF (Inorganic) 120.68 151.43 2.60 3.36 15.12 20.36

S Em () 2.150 2.092 0.053 0.038 0.912 0.437

CDP=0.05 6.083 5.919 0.152 0.109 NS 1.236

VEGETATIVE CHARACTERS

DAP : Days after planting; NS : Non-significant


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YIELD ATTRIBUTES

30.00

90.00

150.00

210.00

270.00

330.00

C+Azos

C+AM

C+Azos+AM

VC+Azos

VC+AM

VC+

Azos+AM

PC+Azos

PC+AM

PC+Azos+AM

MC+

Azos

MC+

AM

MC+Azos+A

M

RDF

Weight of Secondary Fingers (g) Weight of Primary Fingers (g) Weight of Clump (g)

137.45 g

173.24 g

326.15 g

CD0.05

= 2.759

CD0.05= 3.255

CD0.05= 11.020


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Treatments

Clump Primary Fingers Secondary Fingers

Length

(cm)

Breadth

(cm)Number

Length

(cm)

Breadth

(cm)Number

Length

(cm)

Breadth

(cm)

Compost +Azospirillum 16.72 12.32 5.46 6.86 1.92 8.96 4.83 1.83Compost + AM 16.58 12.58 5.99 7.24 2.01 8.45 4.16 1.45

Compost +Azospirillum+ AM 18.06 13.24 7.59 7.68 2.14 13.46 5.17 2.02

Vermicompost +Azospirillum 17.28 11.58 6.73 6.52 1.96 10.82 4.72 1.53

Vermicompost + AM 17.53 11.53 5.96 7.27 2.16 11.25 4.84 1.65

Vermicompost +Azospirillum+ AM 18.24 13.06 7.33 7.45 2.23 12.38 5.02 2.05

Phosphocompost +Azospirillum 15.31 11.75 5.34 6.82 1.62 9.25 4.92 1.72

Phosphocompost + AM 15.84 10.90 5.75 6.53 1.73 8.75 5.06 1.69

Phosphocompost +Azospirillum+ AM 16.59 12.52 6.88 7.16 2.12 9.47 4.65 1.55

Mustard cake +Azospirillum 14.86 11.16 5.65 6.63 1.85 7.35 4.72 1.75

Mustard cake + AM 15.64 10.80 5.48 6.84 2.13 8.26 4.85 1.66

Mustard cake +Azospirillum+ AM 16.32 12.28 5.94 6.45 1.95 12.10 5.12 1.84

RDF (Inorganic) 17.93 12.84 5.79 6.94 2.04 13.85 5.28 2.08

S Em () 0.355 0.320 0.222 0.189 0.152 0.113 0.269 0.341

CDP=0.05 1.006 0.910 0.685 0.536 NS 0.324 NS NS

NS : Non-significant

Yield attributes continues


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17.10

20.00

20.12

22.06

22.66

23.28

23.59

24.01

24.11

24.56

24.75

26.93

28.94

MC+Azos

MC+AM

C+AM

C+Azos

PC+AM

MC+Azos+AM

VC+Azos

PC+Azos

RDF

PC+Azos+AM

VC+AM

C+Azos+AM

VC+Azos+AM

Compost +Azospirillum+ AMVermicompost +Azospirillum+ AM

CD0.05= 3.028


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Compost +Azospirillum+ AM Phosphocompost + AM

CD0.05= 0.131

6.71

6.46

6.19 6.17 6.13 6.08 6.025.95 5.95

5.855.75

5.69 5.54

C+Azos+AM

V

C+Azos+AM

RDF

C+Azos

C+AM

VC+Azos

M

C+Azos+AM

MC+Azos

MC+AM

PC+Azos+AM

VC+AM

PC+Azos

PC+AM


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10.72

10.58

10.83

10.56

10.38

11.10

9.81

10.0510.25

10.33

10.18

10.07

10.29

C + Azos

C + AM

C + Azos + AM

VC + Azos

VC + AM

VC + Azos + AM

PC + AzosPC + AM

PC + Azos + AM

MC + Azos

MC + AM

MC + Azos + AM

RDF

CD0.05= 0.155


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Bio-organic inputs : Better growth, yield and quality of turmeric than RDF

Combined application of Azospirillum and AM : More effective than soleapplication

CONCLUSION

Rhizome treatment withAzospirillumand Trichodermaand soil application of Vermicompost +

AM may be recommended for improving the productivity and quality of turmeric.

Growing turmeric with bio-organic inputs would be helpful to restore the liveliness of the

green environment and to improve the quality of life.


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ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region

Manipur Centre, Imphal

O :+91-385-2410893

M :+91-9436891040

F:

+91-385-2414260/749E :[email protected]

T H A N K Y O U

S S Roy. Organic Turmeric

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