s as Workshop

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Introduction to SAS

Using SAS for Windows

SAS data handling: Data Step

SAS Procedures

SAS WORKSHOP

Yuexiao Dong

Department of StatisticsFox School of Business & Management

Temple University

August 24, 2010

Yuexiao Dong SAS WORKSHOP
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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Outline

1 Introduction to SAS

2 Using SAS for Windows

3 SAS data handling: Data Step

Read dataUseful statements

4 SAS Procedures

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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Objectives

This workshop is designed for beginning users who want to getstarted with the program, and experienced users who want to

get to know the new generation of SAS system. Through this

workshop, you may

Get accustomed to the SAS system;

Understand how SAS processes a program;

Get familiar with the data handling process;

Manage data sets in SAS;

Perform simple statistical analysis.

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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

What is SAS

SAS stands for Statistical Analysis System. It is both a

statistical language and a system that performs sophisticated

data management and statistical analysis.

SAS is available in multiple computing environments, includingWindows, Mac, UNIX, etc.

SAS for Windows will do every task that other editions of SAS

do, it is easy to use, and is more powerful.


I d i SAS
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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Availability of SAS 9 for windows

At Temple, SAS 9 is available for...


I t d ti t SAS
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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Outline





4 SAS Procedures


Introduction to SAS


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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Windows display system

Explorer/Result window, provide control and organizationof the SAS objects and system output;

Editor window, color coding, edit program;

Log window, diagnostics of the programming syntax and

hints for debugging;

Output window, show results output by SAS procedures,

blank if program does not go through correctly;

Many other windows, such as Library window, Filename

window, Options window, Graphic windows, etc;

Keys window is a road map to SAS windows and gives you

shortcuts to different windows;

Type "keys" in the command box at the upper left corner.


Introduction to SAS


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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Steps of using SAS

Entering SAS statements.

Each statement can go on several lines, but it MUST endwith a semi-colon;

Conventions on Windows operations are applicable, cut,paste and save for example;Format of display, cascade or tile under Window option atthe menu bar.

Submitting SAS statements.

Saving SAS statements.Retrieve SAS programs. File option at the menu bar.

Ending a SAS session.


Introduction to SAS


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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Processing of a SAS program


Introduction to SAS
http://find/


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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Outline





4 SAS Procedures


Introduction to SAS
http://find/


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Introduction to SAS



SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Read data by CARDS

A DATA step consists of a group of statements that reads ASCII

text data (in a computer file) or existing SAS data sets in orderto create a new SAS data set.

DATA one;INPUT x y z @@;

CARDS;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

;

RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=one;RUN;


Introduction to SAS


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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Read data by CARDS

This sample SAS program creates a temporary data set using

the CARDS statement to read in the in-line data.

The DATA statement defines a temporary data set;

The INPUT statement defines the variables and theirformats;

The CARDS statement gives instruction to start reading inthe data that follow.

The RUN statement ends this session of the program andsubmits for processing;

Data manipulation must be done in a DATA step andcannot be done in a PROC step.


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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Read free formatted data

DATA cars1;

INPUT make $ model $ mpg weight price;CARDS;

AMC Concord 22 2930 4099

AMC Pacer 17 3350 4749Buick Electra 15 4080 7827

;PROC PRINT DATA=cars1(obs=1);

RUN;It is usually a good idea to print the first few cases of your

dataset to check that things were read correctly. $ means theprevious variable is characteristic.


Introduction to SAS


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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Read fixed formatted data

DATA cars2;

INPUT make $ 1-5 model $ 6-12 mpg 13-14

weight 15-18 price 19-22;

CARDS;

AMC Concord2229304099

AMC Pacer 1733504749

AMC Spirit 2226403799

BuickCentury2032504816

BuickElectra1540807827

;RUN;


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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Read free formatted data (space delimited) by INFILE

Heres what the data in the file cars3.txt look like:

AMC Concord 22 2930 4099AMC Pacer 17 3350 4749

AMC Spirit 22 2640 3799Buick Century 20 3250 4816

Buick Electra 15 4080 7827

To read the data from cars3.txt into SAS, use the following

syntax:

DATA cars3;INFILE "c : \cars3.txt";INPUT make $ model $ mpg weight price;

RUN;


Introduction to SAS

U i SAS f Wi d R d d
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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Read free formatted data (comma delimited) by

INFILEHeres what the data in the file cars4.txt look like:

AMC,Concord,22,2930,4099AMC,Pacer,17,3350,4749

AMC,Spirit,22,2640,3799Buick,Century,20,3250,4816Buick,Electra,15,4080,7827


syntax:DATA cars4;INFILE "c : \cars4.txt" delimiter=,;INPUT make $ model $ mpg weight price;

RUN; Yuexiao Dong SAS WORKSHOP

Introduction to SASU i SAS f Wi d R d d t


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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Reading fixed formatted data by INFILE

Heres what the data in the file cars5.txt look like:

AMC Concord2229304099

AMC Pacer 1733504749

AMC Spirit 2226403799

BuickCentury2032504816

BuickElectra1540807827


syntax:

DATA cars5;INFILE "c : \cars5.txt";INPUT make $ 1-5 model $ 6-12 mpg 13-14 weight 15-18 price

19-22;RUN;


Introduction to SASUsing SAS for Windows Read data
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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Create a library by LIBNAME

Previous examples use CARDS or INFILE to create temporarydata set. Now we create a permanent data set is and storeunder the library project1.

LIBNAME myproj c : \sasworkshop;

DATA myproj.cars1;SET cars1;PROC PRINT;

RUN;

A SAS library is like a special SAS pointer to a location whereyour SAS files are stored. To create a library, we useLIBNAME nickname name-of-directory;

where nickname should begin with either a letter or anunderscore and having no more than 8 characters.


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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

SET/DROP/KEEP/RENAME

DATA temp1;SET cars1(DROP=make model);RENAME price=newprice;

PROC PRINT;RUN;

DATA temp2(KEEP=price);SET cars1(DROP=make model);

PROC PRINT;RUN;

DATA temp3;SET cars1;IF upcase(make) EQ BUICK;PROC PRINT;

VAR make model;RUN;Yuexiao Dong SAS WORKSHOP

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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

IF-THEN/ELSE statements

LIBNAME myproj c : \sasworkshop;DATA myproj.new;SET cars1;

IF mpg GE 20 THEN fuelefficiency =

high

;ELSE fuelefficiency=low;RUN;

PROC PRINT;

RUN;Here we create a new variable fuelefficiency. Then we can print

the most recently created data set.


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SAS Procedures

Read data

Useful statements

Subsetting datasets

DATA high low;SET myproj.new;

IF fuelefficiency = high THEN output high;

ELSE output low;RUN;

The IF-THEN statements draw subsets from the data set by the

fuelefficiency variable. We have created two temporary

datasets named high and low. What is the print result next?PROC PRINT;RUN;


Introduction to SASUsing SAS for Windows


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SAS Procedures

Outline


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4 SAS Procedures




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SAS Procedures

General syntax

A PROCedure step calls a SAS procedure to analyze or

process a SAS dataset. The PROC step begins with a PROCstatement and ends with a RUN statement. All of the statistical

procedures require the input of a SAS data set.

The general syntax for a PROC step is:

PROC name [DATA=dataset] [options];[other PROC-specific statements;][BY varlist;]RUN;


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SAS Procedures

General syntax

PROC name [DATA=dataset] [options];[other PROC-specific statements;][BY varlist;]

RUN;

SAS keywords are in uppercase;

User-supplied words are in lowercase;

Options are in brackets [ ] . Note that you do not type thebrackets when programming.


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SAS Procedures

General syntax

A SAS program can contain any number of DATA and PROC

steps.

Once a dataset has been created, it can be processed byany subsequent DATA or PROC step;

All SAS statements start with a keyword (DATA, INPUT,PROC, etc.) and end with a semicolon;

Uppercase and lowercase are equivalent, except insidequote marks ( sex = m is not the same as sex = M).




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SAS Procedures

Useful procedures

PROC PRINT;

check the data being read by SAS;

PROC CONTENTS [data = _all_];descriptions of the contents of one or more files;

PROC SORT; BY var; RUN;

sort the data by the specified variable var;

PROC MEANS;

compute statistics for an entire SAS data set or for groupsof observations in the data set.



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SAS Procedures

Useful procedures

PROC UNIVARIATE provides detail on the distribution of onevariable.

DATA Measures;

INPUT Diameter @@;CARDS;5.501 5.251 5.404 5.366 5.445 5.576 5.607 5.200 5.977 ...

;RUN;

title Normal Q-Q Plot for Diameters;PROC UNIVARIATE data=Measures noprint;QQPLOT Diameter / normal;

RUN;



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SAS Procedures

PROC UNIVARIATE

Normal Q-Q Plot

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.0

6.2

6.4

Diameter

Normal Quantiles





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SAS Procedures

Some references

The Little SAS Book: A Primer, Third Edition (Paperback),by Lora D. Delwiche and Susan J. Slaughter.

SAS Certification Prep Guide: Base Programming(Paperback), by SAS Institute.

http://www.uc.edu/sashtml/stat/index.htm

http://ftp.sas.com/samples/A59216


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