beryllium
magnesium
calcium
strontium
barium
radium
1.
BeO MgO CaO SrO Ba O2
(1)
2.
Question 1
NaNa2ONa2O2 NaO2 376 kJ·mol-1, 430 kJ·mol-1 389.2 kJ·mol-1, Na2O2
Born-Haber
3. “” “--”




:
2 M(s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2 M+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq) + H2(g)
:



Li
Na
K




Solution
Li Na K Rb Cs
m.p./K 453.69 370.96 336.8 312.04 301.55
MOH
/(mol·L-1)
Question 2
Solution
Eθ(Be2+/Be) ,
Li Na K Rb Cs Ca Sr Ba

/ nm 670.8 589.2 766.5 780.0 455.5 714.9 687.8 553.5




(4)
(-35)

M Li Na K Rb Cs
/ (mol · L-1) 15.7 10.8 11.8 12.5 13.0




.
2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) Na+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) + H2(g) ↑
2 Na(s) + CH3CH2OH(l) 2 CH3CH2ONa(l) + H2(g) ↑
Na(s) + (x+y) NH3 (l) Na+(NH3) x + e- (NH3) y
Question 4
1974, J L Dye [Na–]
X, “”[Na–]NaClCl-
Solution
M(s) + cryp(soln) + am(l)→[M(cryp)]+[e−(am)](s)
“”





M3P
MO2 M = K, Rb, Cs
P
N2
MH3()
H2O
M
X2
S
NH3





M3N2
M(NH2)2 + H2




:
:
:
:
:
:
:
() ()





,,,TΔrSm,ΔrGm,
Mg Ca Be Ba Sr
: Na K Li Cs Rb
Ca Mg Ba Sr Be







, Li+ (Li+), “” .






1.

3.
199965,.20001 s





?
Solution
12.3.4 Macrocyclic
Li2O + CO2 Li2CO3
4 KO2 + 2 CO2 2 K2CO3 + 3 O2(g)








Be(OH)2


/
8×10-6 5×10-4 1.8×10-2 6.7×10-2 2×10-1
(mol·L-1)
12.3.3
(LiCl)
1.
940K




Na+Cl-(g) Na(g) + Cl(g)

Solution
Na+K+




12.3.4
1.
BeCl2 MgCl2 CaCl2 SrCl2 BaCl2
/ 405 714 782 876 962





2.
T /K 100 573 1110 1370 1570
( )
→
3






BeCO3 21.3 298
MgCO3 13.1 813
CaCO3 9.7 1183
SrCO3 8.1 1563
BaCO3 7.2 1663
(Water Softening)
(ionic exchange)
(—COO-)(—SO3-)
Ca2+(aq) + CaCO3(s)
-(lime-soda process)
(macrocyclic coordination compound)
18--6




2 (cryptant)




Al4C3 + 12 H2O 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH4 ↑