Rutgers Home Gardeners School: Establishing and Maintaining Your … · 2017-03-23 · 12 Soil...
Transcript of Rutgers Home Gardeners School: Establishing and Maintaining Your … · 2017-03-23 · 12 Soil...
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Pedro PerdomoNisso America, Inc.
HGS – March 18 2017
Spring Turf Care
Lawn Inspection
•What concerns or problems do you have?•What have you done/will do? To figure it out.
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Topics
•Species selection•Watering •Mowing•Fertilizer•Cultural care•Diseases•Insects•Weeds
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Grass Species
Cool Season Kentucky bluegrass Perennial ryegrass Tall fescue Fine fescue
Warm Season Zoysiagrass Bermudagrass
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Turf Species – General characteristics
Rutgers Fact sheets on different species
Inputs
Disease
Insect
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Germination and establishment
Tall fescue - description
Rhizamotous Tall fescue
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TurfgrassBlends Two or more varieties of the same species Increases the genetic diversity and produces a
sod that is more stress resistant.
Mixes Two or more species For Example:
• Kentucky bluegrass and creeping red fescue –Germination (CRF more rapid germination)–Light (KBG grows better in full sun/CRF in
shade)
Grass Seed Selection Tips Identify species to use Not all products are
the same Avoid rapid
germination grasses -annual ryegrass
Look for newer cultivars (Factsheet)
Bag should not contain any noxious weeds
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Grass Seed Selection Tips
Grass Seed Selection Tips
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Endophytes
Fungi growing within a turfgrass plant
Provides protection from leaf feeding insects and may increase tolerance to other stresses such as drought
Under normal conditions plants containing endophyte are similar to plants without endophyte
Coated Seeds
White or gray coating
Seed is coated with either a fertilizer or surfactant
Fertilizer source upon germination
Surfactant serves to uniformly wet the area around the seed for improved germination and establishment
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Grass Seed Selection Tips
Seedsuperstore.com
Soil Testing
• Soil acidity• The optimum pH range
for most plants between 6.0 and 7.0
• NJ soils are naturally acidic - liming necessary
• Once adjusted pH within optimum around 3 yrs
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Soil Testing - pH
Lbs of lime/1000 sq ft to raise pH to 6.5Existing pH Sandy Loam Loam Silt Loam
4.9 – 5.2 95 160 200
5.3 – 5.6 65 120 150
5.7 – 6.0 35 60 100
Lime can be applied at almost any time of the yearLime is slow acting – need time to work
Soil Testing - Nutrients• Nutrient Status
• Determines the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that should be applied for balanced nutrition
• Rutgers Soil Test Results
• Will not test for N
• Will indicate if P is required
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Fertility• The most common
fertilizers are the complete fertilizers
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N-P-K)
- true for ornamentals
- now many fertilizers are x-0-x
• Total fertilizer amounts depend on maintenance level
Fertility
Returning clippings to the lawn equals approximately 1# nitrogen per 1000 ft2/year
2/3 to ¾ of fertilizer should be applied in the fall
Timing will be affected by agronomy of plants and by the law
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FERTILITY - Phosphorus
Stimulates early root formationRecommended for new seedings
Improves winter hardiness
Aids in the recovery from drought
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Fertility - Potassium
Increases drought, heat, and cold resistance.
increased root productionUsed to be recommended for winterizing turf
increased turgidity - better wear
Fertilizer applications
Rutgers Fact sheets on different N sources
Calibrating spreaders
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Fertility – How much to apply• Calibrate your spreader
• Figure out how much nitrogen you want to apply• Rate
• Over what area
• Type of fertilizer based on soil test
Fertilization
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Do not fertilize to close to water
Do not fertilize if grass is green
Fertilize in multiple direction to reduce skips or overlaps
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Fertilization
Fertilization
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Fertilization
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Fertilization
New Jersey Fertilizer Law
How much should be applied
Don’t apply more than 0.7 pounds of water-soluble nitrogen per 1,000 sq. feet of turf. Don’t apply more than 0.9 pounds of total nitrogen per 1,000 sq. feet of turf per application.
Don’t apply more than 3.2 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 sq. feet of turf per year
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Fertility – Adjusted to Law
High Maintenance
Ken. bluegrass - 2 to 3.2#/1000 ft2/year
Per. ryegrass - 2 to 3.2#/1000 ft2/year
Low Maintenance
Tall fescue - 2#/1000 ft2/year
Fine fescue - 1 to 2#/ 1000 ft2/year
New Jersey Fertilizer Law
What should it contain
Fertilizers should contain at least 20% of its nitrogen in slow-release form.
Phosphorus bans unless:• A soil test done within the past 3 years indicates
phosphorus need• During initial establishment, re-establishment, or
repair of turf
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New Jersey Fertilizer Law
When it can’t be applied
Before March 1st or after November 15th
Do not apply fertilizer during or just before a heavy rainDo not leave it on an impervious surface like pavementDo not apply to frozen ground.
Light Irrigation
Conserves water
Light/frequent – stimulates superficial root growth
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Moderate Irrigation
Less frequent but deeper irrigation can stimulate deeper rooting – a benefit during drought
Irrigation Turf should be irrigated before it shows signs
of wilt with enough water to wet the entire root zone (6 a 8”)
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Irrigation Turf should receive 1.5” of water from
rain/irrigation weekly
If you decide to cut off irrigation during the summer you are better off not watering at all• Allow turf to go dormant
• Usually recovers if healthy upon dormancy
• Tall fescue – can recover after 3 months dormancy
Mowing
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Mowing
How often should you mow?A. Once weekB. Once a monthC. Twice a weekD. NeverE. As often as required
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Mowing Height and Root Growth
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Organic Mowers
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Mowing
Kentucky bluegrass- 2.0” to 2.5”
Perennial ryegrass- 2.0” to 2.5”
Tall fescue- 2.5” and up
Fine fescue - 2.0” to 3.0”
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Mowing
Mowing• Blades must be sharp• Do not move to quickly• Mower blades should be
cleaned between use
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Thatch
1/2” improves traffic tolerance and products from fluctuations in soil temperatures
More that 1” increases sensitivity to heat, cold, and drought
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Thatch - Problems
Crown of the turf plants grows elevated and the turf is spongy, resulting in scalping issues
Roots grow in thatch – increased risk of drought Stress and wilt
Hydrophobic when dry – dry patches in turf
Once wet can stay extremely wet
Reduces effectiveness of fertilization
Thatch - Solutions
Wetting Agents
Dethatch
Aeration (also good for compaction)
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Aeration
Dethatching
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Dethatching Uses blades or hooks to to cut
Key is to remove as much as possible with damaging the turf
Should be done before a period of growth of the turf (Spring and Autumn)
How often?
Problems with Dethatching
Can damage turf if too much is removed
Wrong time can encourage weeds
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Aerification
Overseeding•Lime according to soil test•Dethatch and core aerify
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Seeding Dates
Early spring for all of NJ (crabgrass issue)
Crabgrass products – preemergent, cannot seed into treated areas.
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Seeding vs Sodding
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Seeding vs Sodding
•Sodding•Provides an instant lawn•Can be installed as long as ground is not frozen
•Seeding •Less expensive•Seed available for all cool season species and varieties•No soil incompatability issues
Seeding vs Sodding
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Seeding vs Sodding
Seeding vs Sodding
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Seeding vs Sodding
Seeding vs Sodding
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Seeding vs Sodding
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Seeding vs Sodding
Seeding vs Sodding