The 1905 Russian Revolution What Caused the Russian Revolution?
Russian revolution
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The Russian Revolution and the Rise of Stalin
The Russian Revolution and the Rise of Stalin
Today’s ObjectivesToday’s Objectives
Objective 1: To identify events that led to the rise of Stalin in the Soviet Union
Objective 2: To explain differences between market and command economy.
Objective 3: To exemplify elements of totalitarianism in the Soviet Union under Stalin. (from video and finished next class)
Prelude to the Russian Revolution
Prelude to the Russian Revolution
Autocracy: The Russian Tsar
1851-94 - Alexander III; 1894-1917 - Nicholas II
Refuse to reform government and share powerMost Russians are farming peasants
Nicholas does start process of industrialization
Steel production (4th in the world) and construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad
Marx - Economy Marx - Economy Writing of Karl Marx come to prominence at this time
Marx believed that growing industrialization of countries would cause unrest of the working class (proletariat) against the industry owners (bourgeoisie)
A market economy is an economy in which most goods and services are produced and distributed through free markets
In a command economy the means of production are controlled by the government. The state (government) own the means of production and all decisions of what to produce are made by them.
“From each according to his ability, to
each according to his need.” - Karl Marx
Lenin & the BolsheviksLenin & the Bolsheviks
Vladamir Illyich Ulyanov, known as Lenin, became the leader of the Bolsheviks, a group of Russians who wanted change.
Influenced by Marx’s ideas, the Bolsheviks favored radical change by any means necessary. They also fundamentally believed that a revolution in Russia would spark change across the world.
Would be exiled to Europe
Road to RevolutionRoad to Revolution1904 - Russo-Japanese War
1905 - Bloody Sunday - St. Petersburg, Russia
500-1,000 people killedNicholas had to concede - formed the Duma - Russia’s first Parliament
World War I - from 1914-1917 ➝1.7 million Russians killed; 5 million injured
Massive shortages: food, fuel, housing
Lenin ReturnsLenin ReturnsThe March Revolution - Protesters in St. Petersburg fill the streets
Soldiers ordered to fire on protesters - end up joining the protestDemand end of war and to Tsar rule
Nicholas abdicates the throne
Duma called back into power, but very weak provisional government
They decide to continue fighting in warAngered many Russians especially local groups ➝of workers, peasants and soldiers called SovietsGermany’s end to the Eastern Front Return ➝Lenin“Peace, Land and Bread!”
October Revolution*
October Revolution*
Lenin and Red Guard storm Winter Palace in St. Petersburg ➝Defeat provisional government
Red Soviets are in power ⇔ White Russian opposition are in exile civil ➝war
Several western countries send troops to support White Russians
Causes distrust with the West that has lasted nearly a century
Lenin’s PoliciesLenin’s Policies1.End the war: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
a. Russian troops that return, fight against White army
2.Economy: New Economic Policy. Lenin started economic changes slowly, rather than complete state run economy. Peasants and factories could sell surplus production instead of turning them over to the state.
3.Politics: Renamed country to Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) in honor of Soviet revolts. Many ethnic republics formed together with capital in Moscow under a single party rule. The Communist Party is founded along Marxist ideas with a classless society as the goal.
TotalitarianismTotalitarianism
One party rule
Dynamic leader
Ideology
Totalitarianism is when a government controls all aspects
of peoples livesTools of Totalitarianism
Control (over society and individuals)
Propaganda
Fear
VocabularyVocabulary
market economy
command economy
Bolsheviks
Soviet
October Revolution
New Economic Policy
surplus
single party rule
Totalitarianism
“Stalin: Man of Steel”
“Stalin: Man of Steel”
Be sure to fill out your guided notes for the video
We will finish the video in the next class and go over the notes and add new vocabulary as well as fill out a worksheet.